ref_id = 1
@proceedings{owen2003simulated,

	title = {Simulated Granular Flow in Screw Feeders Using 3D Diserete Element Method (DEM)},
	year = {2003},

	author = {Owen, P. J. and Cleary, P. W. and McBride, B.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11365446},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=914842603983463;res=IELENG},
	isbn = {0-86396-829-5},
	journal = {CHEMECA 2003, 31st Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference},
	old_keywords = {dosing},
	posted-at = {2012-10-02 13:40:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=914842603983463;res=IELENG},

	keywords = {
		dosing,
	},

}

ref_id = 2
@article{cleary2004large,

	author = {Cleary, Paul W.},
	title = {Large scale industrial DEM modelling},
	journal = {Engineering Computations},
	year = {2004},

	citeulike-article-id = {11365428},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02644400410519730},
	doi = {10.1108/02644400410519730},
	issn = {0264-4401},
	old_keywords = {dosing},
	number = {2/3/4},
	pages = {169--204},
	posted-at = {2012-10-02 13:32:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02644400410519730},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		dosing,
	},

}

ref_id = 3
@misc{ellowitz2012perfect,


	abstract = {Experiments on the impact of a densely-packed jet of non-cohesive grains onto
a fixed target show that the impact produces an ejecta sheet comprised of
particles in collimated motion. The ejecta sheet leaves the target at a
well-defined angle whose value agrees quantitatively with the sheet angle
produced by water jet impact. Motivated by these experiments, we examine the
idealized problem of dense granular jet impact onto a frictionless target in
two dimensions. Numerical results for the velocity and pressure fields within
the granular jet agree quantitatively with predictions from an exact solution
for 2D perfect-fluid impact. This correspondence demonstrates that the
continuum limit controlling the coherent collective motion in dense granular
impact is Euler flow.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Ellowitz, Jake and Guttenberg, Nicholas and Zhang, Wendy W.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11298801},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.5562},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1201.5562},
	day = {26},
	eprint = {1201.5562},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	month = {jan},
	posted-at = {2012-09-24 09:21:15},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Perfect fluid flow from granular jet impact},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.5562},
	year = {2012},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 4
@article{riha1999elasticity,

	author = {Riha, P. and Wang, X. and Liao, R. and Stoltz, J. F.},
	title = {Elasticity and fracture strain of whole blood clots.},
	journal = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {
            The measurement of clot elasticity and fracture strain is carried out using a rotational rheometer with a controlled stress system. The elasticity is quantified by a shear elastic modulus and fracture strain by a critical strain (deformation) when the clot begins to break up. The results indicate a decrease of elasticity and increase of fracture strain of the clot with increasing hematocrit. Moreover, the elastic modulus of the clot is not constant but increasing with deformation.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {10499715},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10517487},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10517487},
	issn = {1386-0291},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {1},
	pages = {45--49},
	pmid = {10517487},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 16:18:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10517487},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 5
@article{renouf2008coupling,

	author = {{Renouf}, M. and {Fillot}, N.},
	title = {Coupling electrical and mechanical effects in discrete element simulations},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {When investigating the electrical characteristics of granular assemblies under dynamical solicitations (powder, steel bead assemblies, etc.), it is difficult to distinguish between effects that are purely electrical and those that are strongly dependent on mechanical effects. Although numerous experimental works have permitted better understanding of the static electrical behaviour of such media, it is difficult to determine the effects control the multi-physical behaviour of the medium, especially under dynamical solicitations. In the present paper, numerical investigations of the electrical characteristics of granular material are proposed. Moreover, it presents the formulation of a new model, embedded in the general scheme of discrete element methods, that couples electrical and mechanical effects and takes into account the oxidation phenomenon. Numerical simulations on the basis of experimental works are performed to validate the model, and the results of dynamical simulations are discussed. Copyright {\copyright} 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {LaMCoS, INSA-Lyon - UMR5259, B\^{a}timent Jean d'Alembert, 18-20 Rue des Sciences, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {1543591},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2157},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2008IJNME..74..238R},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114300545/ABSTRACT},
	doi = {10.1002/nme.2157},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {2},
	pages = {238--254},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 16:16:46},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2157},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 6
@article{rensen2005effect,

	author = {Rensen, Judith and Luther, Stefan and Lohse, Detlef},
	title = {The effect of bubbles on developed turbulence},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {Hot-film anemometry measurements are performed in a fully developed turbulent bubbly flow. For the bubble detection in the signal, both a threshold method and a new pattern recognition algorithm are employed. The measurements are carried out with gas fractions up to 3\% and a mean water velocity of 0.20 m s\$^{-1}\$, corresponding to a Reynolds number of about \$9\,{\times}\,10^4\$. The typical bubble radius is 1\^{a}2 mm, corresponding to 10\^{a}20 Kolmogorov length scales. In this regime, a \^{a}bubblance\^{a} parameter \$b\$ which compares the kinetic energy originating from the rising bubbles with that of the turbulence fluctuations is smaller than 1. Probability distribution functions, structure functions (with and without the extended self-similarity (ESS) method), and spectra of the water velocity time series are calculated. Both our results for the turbulent energy spectra and the second-order structure functions show qualitative agreement with numerical results by Massitelli, Lohse \& Toschi (Phys. Fluids, vol. 15 (2003), p. L5), i.e. a more pronounced energy enhancement on small scales than on large scales owing to the presence of bubbles, leading to a less steep slope in the spectrum as compared to the Kolmogorov \$-5/3\$ law. These results are robust, i.e. do not depend on details of the bubble detection scheme.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11287632},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\&aid=331108},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112005005276},
	doi = {10.1017/S0022112005005276},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {153--187},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 16:14:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112005005276},
	volume = {538},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 7
@misc{reyes2009steady,


	abstract = {We study the Navier-Stokes steady states for a low density monodisperse hard
sphere granular gas (i.e, a hard sphere ideal monatomic gas with inelastic
interparticle collisions). We present a classification of the uniform steady
states that can arise from shear and temperature (or energy input) applied at
the boundaries (parallel walls). We consider both symmetric and asymmetric
boundary conditions and find steady states not previously reported, including
sheared states with linear temperature profiles. We provide explicit
expressions for the hydrodynamic profiles for all these steady states. Our
results are validated by the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic
equation for the granular gas obtained by the direct simulation Monte Carlo
method, and by molecular dynamics simulations. We discuss the physical origin
of the new steady states and derive conditions for the validity of
Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Reyes, F. Vega and Urbach, J. S.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11287584},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.5125},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.5125},
	day = {25},
	eprint = {0807.5125},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 16:06:48},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Steady base states for Navier-Stokes granular hydrodynamics with boundary heating and shear},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.5125},
	year = {2009},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 8
@article{nash2008cell,

	author = {Nash, Gerard B. and Watts, Tim and Thornton, Colin and Barigou, Mostafa},
	title = {Red cell aggregation as a factor influencing margination and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets.},
	journal = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {
            Leukocytes and platelets must adhere to the wall of blood vessels to carry out their protective functions. Rheological factors influencing these processes are the delivery of the cells to the wall, referred to as margination, and the local shear rates and stresses at the wall. Margination requires leukocytes and platelets to be excluded from the central flow of the much more numerous red blood cells. This exclusion may be influenced by red cell aggregation. Red cell aggregation also influences development of plug flow in small vessels, which in turn modifies the wall shear rate and stress from those expected in ideal Poiseuille flow. Promotion of aggregation by added agents such as high molecular weight dextrans or by reduction in shear rate, increases margination of leukocytes and efficiency of attachment to the vessel wall. Interestingly, however, fewer studies exist for platelets, and these suggest that margination is actually promoted by increasing shear rate. Direct studies of the effects of red cell aggregation on platelets are required, but it appears that aggregation has different effects on delivery of platelets compared to leukocytes. These differences may represent adaptations for efficient adhesion of leukocytes and platelets in different regions of the circulation.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11287472},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503139},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18503139},
	issn = {1386-0291},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {303--310},
	pmid = {18503139},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503139},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 9
@article{norris1997nonlinear,

	author = {{Norris}, A. N. and {Johnson}, D. L.},
	title = {Nonlinear Elasticity of Granular Media},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {1997},

	citeulike-article-id = {11287463},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787292},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997JAM....64...39N},
	doi = {10.1115/1.2787292},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {39+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 15:28:57},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787292},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 10
@article{mueth1998force_1,

	author = {Mueth, Daniel M. and Jaeger, Heinrich M. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
	title = {Force distribution in a granular medium},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {We report on systematic measurements of the distribution of normal forces exerted by granular material under uniaxial compression onto the interior surfaces of a confining vessel. Our experiments on three-dimensional, random packings of monodisperse glass beads show that this distribution is nearly uniform for forces below the mean force and decays exponentially for forces greater than the mean. The shape of the distribution and the value of the exponential decay constant are unaffected by changes in the system preparation history or in the boundary conditions. An empirical functional form for the distribution is proposed that provides an excellent fit over the whole force range measured and is also consistent with recent computer simulation data.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2722746},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3164},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/i3/p3164},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v57/i3/p3164},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3164},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {3},
	pages = {3164--3169},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 14:30:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3164},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 11
@article{mohan1999frictional_1,

	author = {Mohan, L. Srinivasa and Nott, Prabhu R. and Rao, Kesava K.},
	title = {A frictional Cosserat model for the flow of granular materials through a vertical channel},
	journal = {Acta Mechanica},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {Summary A rigid-plastic Cosserat model has been used to study dense, fully developed flow of granular materials through a vertical channel. Frictional models based on the classical continuum do not predict the occurrence of shear layers, in contrast to experimental observations. This feature has been attributed to the absence of a material length scale in their constitutive equations. The present model incorporates such a material length scale by treating the granular material as a Cosserat continuum. Thus, localized couple stresses exist, and the stress tensor is asymmetric. The velocity profiles predicted by the model are in close agreement with available experimental data. The predicted dependence of the shear layer thickness on the width of the channel is in reasonable agreement with data. In the limit of small ε (ratio of the particle diameter to the half-width of the channel), the model predicts that the shear layer thickness scaled by the particle diameter grows as ɛ -1/3 .},
	citeulike-article-id = {11287205},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01179543},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k537q0383qr2440g},
	day = {21},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01179543},
	issn = {0001-5970},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {1},
	pages = {75--96},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 14:28:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Wien},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01179543},
	volume = {138},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 12
@article{morioka1993survey_1,

	author = {{Morioka}, S.},
	title = {a Survey of Multi-Phase Flows},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics B},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {Features, methods of formulation and wave characteristics of multi-phase
flows are mentioned. These matters should be useful to understand.
explain and illustrate the properties of multi-phase flows.
respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11287187},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217979293002651},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993IJMPB...7.1875M},
	doi = {10.1142/S0217979293002651},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {1875--1888},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 14:19:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217979293002651},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 13
@article{wriggers1995finite_1,

	author = {Wriggers, P.},
	title = {Finite element algorithms for contact problems},
	journal = {Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {The numerical treatment of contact problems involves the formulation of the geometry, the statement of interface laws, the variational formulation and the development of algorithms. In this paper we give an overview with regard to the different topics which are involved when contact problems have to be simulated. To be most general we will derive a geometrical model for contact which is valid for large deformations. Furthermore interface laws will be discussed for the normal and tangential stress components in the contact area. Different variational formulations can be applied to treat the variational inequalities due to contact. Several of these different techniques will be presented. Furthermore the discretization of a contact problem in time and space is of great importance and has to be chosen with regard to the nature of the contact problem. Thus the standard discretization schemes will be discussed as well as techiques to search for contact in case of large deformations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286715},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02736195},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/cl83744736012x52},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02736195},
	issn = {1134-3060},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1--49},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 12:21:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02736195},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 14
@article{wendland1990hypersingular,

	author = {Wendland, W. L. and Stephan, E. P.},
	title = {A hypersingular boundary integral method for two-dimensional screen and crack problems},
	journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis},
	year = {1990},

	citeulike-article-id = {11286709},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02384079},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k904k51678p08646},
	day = {12},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02384079},
	issn = {0003-9527},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {4},
	pages = {363--390},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 12:18:53},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02384079},
	volume = {112},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 15
@article{werner1995eolian_1,

	author = {Werner, B. T.},
	title = {Eolian Dunes: Computer Simulations and Attractor Interpretation},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116735},
	old_keywords = {aeolian, s\_luding},
	pages = {1107},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 12:17:05},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		aeolian,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 16
@article{wolf1999granular_1,

	author = {Wolf, D. E. and Scheffler, T. and Sch\"{a}fer, J.},
	title = {Granular flow, collisional cooling and charged grains},
	journal = {Physica A},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116524},
	old_keywords = {cooling, s\_luding},
	number = {1-2},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:20:01},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {274},

	keywords = {
		cooling,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 17
@article{williams1996driven_1,

	author = {Williams, D. R. M. and MacKintosh, F. C.},
	title = {Driven granular media in one dimension: {C}orrelations and equation of state},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {1996},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116711},
	old_keywords = {1d, s\_luding},
	number = {1},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:13:55},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		1d,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 18
@article{warr1996relaxation_1,

	author = {Warr, S. and Hansen, J. P.},
	title = {Relaxation of local density fluctuations in a fluidized granular medium},
	journal = {Europhys. Lett.},
	year = {1996},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116755},
	old_keywords = {density, fluctuation, fluidization, relaxation, s\_luding, vibration},
	number = {8},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:13:06},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		density,
		fluctuation,
		fluidization,
		relaxation,
		hardcopyluding,
		vibration,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 19
@article{warr1995energy_1,

	author = {{Warr}, S. and {Huntley}, J. M.},
	title = {Energy input and scaling laws for a single particle vibrating in one dimension},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {The one-dimensional motion of a single particle on a vibrating base is
considered in the limit of high excitation (vibration frequency \&gt;\&gt;
collision rate). An exact expression for the time averaged rate of
energy input from the vibrating base to the particle is derived. By
assuming a Gaussian form for the particle velocity distribution
function, the expression can be numerically evaluated to obtain the one
particle granular temperature as a function of the base velocity V and
particle-base restitution coefficient \&epsilon;. The granular
temperature is shown to scale as V<SUP>2</SUP> and to scale
approximately as (1-\&epsilon;)<SUP>-1</SUP>. The velocity scaling is
also shown to hold over a generic class of velocity distribution
functions. Assuming sinusoidal excitation yields scaling behavior
identical to the sawtooth excitations used in the analysis, two
different stable states can exist [(i) particle bouncing and (ii)
particle not bouncing] when the peak base acceleration is less than g.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286680},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5596},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhRvE..52.5596W},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5596},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {5596--5601},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:12:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5596},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 20
@article{warr1994tracking_1,

	author = {Warr, Stephen and Jacques, George T. H. and Huntley, Jonathan M.},
	title = {Tracking the translational and rotational motion of granular particles: Use of high-speed photography and image processing},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {Digital high-speed photography has been used to investigate the dynamics of a two-dimensional model granular system, consisting of steel or [poly(methyl methacrylate)] discs under vibration between glass walls. Images are analysed by computer using Hough transform algorithms to measure the two-dimensional position and angle of discs within the field of view. Two preliminary test problems indicate position errors of 5\% to 30\% of the pixel separation, and angular errors of 0.017 to 0.025 rad depending on magnification. The combination of all-digital recording system and automated pattern recognition software allows rapid acquisition of high quality data. Translational and rotational velocities, calculated for the vibrated discs, are used to construct speed and velocity distribution functions; the speed distribution closely approximates to the Maxwell—Boltzmann distribution and the velocity distribution is Maxwellian. Granular temperatures are anisotropic over the range of amplitude and frequency of the vibration studied.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11060046},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(94)02863-X},
	doi = {10.1016/0032-5910(94)02863-X},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {granular, particles},
	month = {oct},
	number = {1},
	pages = {41--56},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:11:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(94)02863-X},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		particle,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 21
@article{warr1995fluidization_1,

	author = {Warr, Stephen and Huntley, Jonathan M. and Jacques, George T. H.},
	title = {Fluidization of a two-dimensional granular system: Experimental study and scaling behavior},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Digital high speed photography and computer image processing have been used to investigate the fluidization behavior of a two-dimensional model granular material undergoing vertical vibration. Profiles of packing fraction, speed, and velocity distribution functions are measured. The packing fraction is found to be approximately uniform in a narrow region at the base, and a Boltzmann distribution gives a good fit in the upper regions. Values for the granular temperature, as a function of height, are extracted from the distribution functions and an approximately linear decay is found. We also present results for the scaling behavior of the granular temperature and the height of the center of mass. Finally, we describe a simple theoretical analysis to investigate the origin of scaling laws.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286675},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5583},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v52/i5/p5583},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v52/i5/p5583},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5583},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {5583--5595},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 11:09:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5583},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 22
@article{tahiri2000monte_1,

	author = {Tahiri, E. E. and Tij, M. and Santos, A.},
	title = {Monte Carlo simulation of a hard-sphere gas in the planar Fourier flow with a gravity field},
	journal = {Molecular Physics},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {By means of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method, the Boltzmann equation
is numerically solved for a gas of hard spheres enclosed between two parallel
plates kept at different temperatures and subject to the action of a gravity
field normal to the plates. The profiles of pressure, density, temperature and
heat flux are seen to be quite sensitive to the value of the gravity
acceleration \$g\$. If the gravity field and the heat flux are parallel (\$g\&gt;0\$),
the magnitudes of both the temperature gradient and the heat flux are smaller
than in the opposite case (\$g\&lt;0\$). When considering the actual heat flux
relative to the value predicted by the Fourier law, it is seen that, if \$g\&gt;0\$,
the ratio increases as the reduced local field strength increases, while the
opposite happens if \$g\&lt;0\$. The simulation results are compared with theoretical
predictions for Maxwell molecules},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286600},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0002426},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0002426},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002689700162667},
	day = {28},
	doi = {10.1080/002689700162667},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0002426},
	issn = {0026-8976},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {4},
	pages = {239--248},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 10:10:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002689700162667},
	volume = {98},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 23
@unpublished{takayasu1996stochastic_1,

	author = {Takayasu, H. and Taguchi, {Y} and Katsuyama, T.},
	title = {Stochastic Shell Model: a Model of Anomalous Scaling and Non-Gaussian Distribution in Turbulence},
	comment = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116946},
	old_keywords = {distribution, incomplete, model, nongaussian, s\_luding, scale, shell, stochastic, turbulence},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 10:08:55},
	priority = {2},
	year = {1996},

	keywords = {
		distribution,
		model,
		nongaussian,
		hardcopyluding,
		scale,
		shell,
		stochastic,
		turbulence,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 24
@article{takayasu1991statistical_1,

	author = {Takayasu, H. and Takayasu, M. and Provata, A. and Huber, G.},
	title = {Statistical Properties of Aggregation with Injection},
	journal = {J. of Statistical Physics},
	year = {1991},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116947},
	old_keywords = {aggregation, coalescence, power, s\_luding},
	number = {3 4},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 10:08:18},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		aggregation,
		coalescence,
		power,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 25
@article{tamura1993simulation_1,

	author = {{Tamura}, H. and {See}, H. and {Doi}, M.},
	title = {Simulation of Electro-Rheological Fluids with Water Capillary Forces},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics B},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {It is known that the viscosity of certain Electro-Rheological Fluids
depends on the amount of water in the dispersed particles. One
explanation is the adhesion between contacting particles due to the
capillary force of water. In this work we investigate by computer
simulations how the aggregate structure and shear stress depend on the
water capillary force. From our simulation we found that when the
capillary force becomes larger, the shear resistance increases and the
aggregates' shape changes from chain-like to compact.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286595},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217979293002778},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993IJMPB...7.2057T},
	doi = {10.1142/S0217979293002778},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {2057--2063},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 10:06:44},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217979293002778},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 26
@article{tan1997intercluster_1,

	author = {Tan, M. L. and Goldhirsch, I.},
	title = {Intercluster interactions in rapid granular shear flows},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {One of the possible phases of a sheared system of inelastically colliding rigid smooth disks is one in which relatively dense strips aligned at 45° to the streamwise direction are interspersed among similarly aligned dilute strips. The dense strips may have secondary microstructures in the form of elongated clusters. The latter are formed by an instability, following which they are convected, stretched, and rotated by the shear field. This process causes cluster–cluster collisions, a result of which is the partial destruction of the colliding clusters, followed by the emergence of new clusters. In addition, it is demonstrated that clustering dynamics can be responsible for hysteresis and multistability in granular systems. The studies presented in this paper involve molecular dynamics simulations complemented by theoretical analysis. {\copyright} 1997 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286591},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000009000004000856000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/9/856},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869183},
	doi = {10.1063/1.869183},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {4},
	pages = {856--869},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 10:03:35},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869183},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 27
@article{tanaka1993discrete_1,

	author = {Tanaka, T. and Kawaguchi, T. and Tsuji, Y.},
	title = {DISCRETE PARTICLE SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS FLUIDIZED BEDS},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics B},
	year = {1993},

	citeulike-article-id = {11286590},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217979293002663},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979293002663},
	doi = {10.1142/S0217979293002663},
	eprint = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S0217979293002663},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {09n10},
	pages = {1889--1898},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:59:48},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979293002663},
	volume = {07},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 28
@article{tadic1998temporally,

	author = {Tadi\'{c}, Bosiljka},
	title = {Temporally disordered granular flow: A model of landslides},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {We propose and study numerically a stochastic cellular automaton model for the dynamics of granular materials with temporal disorder representing random variation of the diffusion probability 1-μ(t) around threshold value 1-μ0 during the course of an avalanche. Combined with the slope threshold dynamics, the temporal disorder yields a series of secondary instabilities, resembling those in realistic granular slides. When the parameter μ0 is lower than the critical value μ0⋆≈0.4, the dynamics is dominated by occasional huge sandslides. For the range of values μ0⋆<\~{}μ0<1 the critical steady states occur, which are characterized by multifractal scaling properties of the slide distributions and continuously varying critical exponents τX(μ0). The mass distribution exponent for μ0≈0.45 is in agreement with the reported value that characterizes Himalayan sandslides. At μ0=μ0⋆ the exponents governing distributions of large relaxation events reach numerical values which are close to those of parity-conserving universality class, whereas for small avalanches they are close to the mean-field exponents.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286587},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.4375},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/i4/p4375},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v57/i4/p4375},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.57.4375},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {4375--4381},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:54:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.4375},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 29
@article{tadic1999time,

	author = {Tadi\'{c}, B.},
	title = {Time distribution and loss of scaling in granular flow},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {Two cellular automata models with directed mass flow and internal time scales are studied by numerical simulations. Relaxation rules are a combination of probabilistic critical height (probability of toppling p ) and deterministic critical slope processes with internal correlation time t c equal to the avalanche lifetime, in model A, and ,in model B. In both cases nonuniversal scaling properties of avalanche distributions are found for , where is related to directed percolation threshold in d =3. Distributions of avalanche durations for are studied in detail, exhibiting multifractal scaling behavior in model A, and finite size scaling behavior in model B, and scaling exponents are determined as a function of p . At a phase transition to noncritical steady state occurs. Due to difference in the relaxation mechanisms, avalanche statistics at approaches the parity conserving universality class in model A, and the mean-field universality class in model B. We also estimate roughness exponent at the transition.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286586},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050654},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/9j06vqtv1a06ct4q},
	day = {19},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050654},
	issn = {1434-6028},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {4},
	pages = {619--625},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:51:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050654},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 30
@article{astarita1997rayleigh,

	author = {Astarita, Tommasso and Ocone, Raffaella and Astarita, Gianni},
	title = {The Rayleigh approach to the rheology of compressible granular flow},
	journal = {Journal of Rheology},
	year = {1997},

	citeulike-article-id = {11286582},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.550834},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JOR/41/513/1},
	doi = {10.1122/1.550834},
	old_keywords = {compressible, flow, granular, materials, rheology, s\_luding, shear},
	number = {3},
	pages = {513--529},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:49:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {SOR},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JOR/41/513/1},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		flow,
		granular,
		material,
		rheology,
		hardcopyluding,
		shear,
	},

}

ref_id = 31
@unpublished{arenzon1998replica_1,

	author = {Arenzon, J. J.},
	title = {Replica theory of granular media},
	comment = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {11119917},
	old_keywords = {compaction, density, glass, s\_luding, spin, vibration},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:46:39},
	priority = {2},
	year = {1998},

	keywords = {
		compaction,
		density,
		glass,
		hardcopyluding,
		spin,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 32
@article{arancibiabulnes2002broad,

	author = {Arancibia-Bulnes, C. A. and Ruiz-Su\'{a}rez, J. C.},
	title = {Broad solitons in homogeneous Hertzian granular chains},
	journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
	year = {2002},

	abstract = {Evidence of the existence of solitons in a loaded chain of spherical grains interacting through Hertzian contact forces, in the regime of moderate to weak excitations, is presented. These solitary waves have properties very different from the solitons previously observed in this system. In particular, they can be much broader.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286578},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00504-3},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00504-3},
	issn = {01672789},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {159--164},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:45:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00504-3},
	volume = {168-169},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 33
@unpublished{aradian1999thick_1,

	author = {Aradian, A. and Raphael, E. and de Gennes, P. G.},
	title = {Thick surface flows of granular materials: The effect of the velocity profile on the avalanche amplitude},
	comment = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {11119924},
	old_keywords = {avalanche, flow, incomplete, plane, s\_luding, surface, velocity},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:44:35},
	priority = {2},
	year = {1999},

	keywords = {
		avalanche,
		flow,
		plane,
		hardcopyluding,
		surface,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 34
@article{estrada2010simulation,

	author = {Estrada, Nicolas and Lizcano, Arcesio and Taboada, Alfredo},
	title = {Simulation of cemented granular materials. I. Macroscopic stress-strain response and strain localization},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {This is the first of two papers investigating the mechanical response of cemented granular materials by means of contact dynamics simulations. In this paper, a two-dimensional polydisperse sample with high-void ratio is constructed and then sheared in a simple shear numerical device at different confinement levels. We study the macroscopic response of the material in terms of mean and deviatoric stresses and strains. We show that the introduction of a local force scale, i.e., the tensile strength of the cemented bonds, causes the material to behave in a rigid-plastic fashion, so that a yield surface can be easily determined. This yield surface has a concave-down shape in the mean:deviatoric stress plane and it approaches a straight line, i.e., a Coulomb strength envelope, in the limit of a very dense granular material. Beyond yielding, the cemented structure gradually degrades until the material eventually behaves as a cohesionless granular material. Strain localization is also investigated, showing that the strains concentrate in a shear band whose thickness increases with the confining stress. The void ratio inside the shear band at the steady state is shown to be a material property that depends only on contact parameters.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11286573},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011303},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v82/i1/e011303},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v82/i1/e011303},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011303},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {011303+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-21 09:37:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011303},
	volume = {82},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 35
@misc{montanero2000nonnewtonian,


	abstract = {In the present work a simple kinetic model based on the Enskog equation is
solved to get the rheological properties of a hard-disk fluid under shear far
from equilibrium, as functions of the density and shear rate. Comparison with
Monte Carlo simulations of the Enskog equation show excellent agreement.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Montanero, J. M. and Santos, A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284531},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0002398},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0002398},
	day = {25},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0002398},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:25:06},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Non-Newtonian shear viscosity in a dense system of hard disks},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0002398},
	year = {2000},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 36
@article{montanero2000computer_1,

	author = {Montanero, Jos\'{e} M. and Santos, Andr\'{e}s},
	title = {Computer simulation of uniformly heated granular fluids},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2000},

	citeulike-article-id = {11117624},
	old_keywords = {heat, s\_luding},
	number = {2},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:22:29},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		heat,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 37
@article{moriyama199843law_1,

	author = {Moriyama, Osamu and Kuroiwa, Naoya and Matsushita, Mitsugu and Hayakawa, Hisao},
	title = {4/3-Law of Granular Particles Flowing through a Vertical Pipe},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {Density waves of granular material (sand) flowing through a vertical pipe
have been investigated. Clear density waves emerge when the cock attached to
bottom end of the pipe is closed. The FFT power spectra were found to show a
stable power-law form \$ P(f) \sim f^{-\alpha}. \$ The value of the exponent was
evaluated as \$\alpha \cong 4/3\$. We also introduce a simple one-dimensional
model which reproduces \$\alpha = 4/3\$ from both simulation and theoretical
analysis. (to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett.)},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284511},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9802174},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9802174},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2833},
	day = {17},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2833},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9802174},
	issn = {0031-9007},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2833--2836},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:17:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2833},
	volume = {80},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 38
@article{moukarzel1998isostatic_1,

	author = {Moukarzel, Cristian F.},
	title = {Isostatic phase transition and instability in stiff granular materials},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {In this letter, structural rigidity concepts are used to understand the
origin of instabilities in granular aggregates. It is shown that: a) The
contact network of a noncohesive granular aggregate becomes exactly isostatic
in the limit of large stiffness-to-load ratio. b) Isostaticity is responsible
for the anomalously large susceptibility to perturbation of these systems, and
c) The load-stress response function of granular materials is critical
(power-law distributed) in the isostatic limit. Thus there is a phase
transition in the limit of intinitely large stiffness, and the resulting
isostatic phase is characterized by huge instability to perturbation.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284503},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9803120},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9803120},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1634},
	day = {9},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1634},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9803120},
	issn = {0031-9007},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1634--1637},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:14:51},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1634},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 39
@article{moakher2000experimentally,

	author = {Moakher, Maher and Shinbrot, Troy and Muzzio, Fernando J.},
	title = {Experimentally validated computations of flow, mixing and segregation of non-cohesive grains in 3D tumbling blenders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {Granular mixing is a vital operation in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Although the tumbling blender is by far the most common device used to mix grains, surprisingly little is known about mixing or segregation in these devices. In this paper, we report the first fully three-dimensional (3D) particle dynamics simulations of granular dynamics in two standard industrial tumbling blender geometries: the double-cone and the V-blender. Simulations for both monodisperse and bidisperse (segregating) grain sizes are performed and compared with experiment. Mixing and transport patterns are studied, and we find in both tumblers that the dominant mixing mechanism, azimuthal convection, contends against the dominant bottleneck, axial dispersion. The dynamics of blending, on the other hand, differs dramatically between the two tumblers: flow in the double-cone is nearly continuous and steady, while flow in the V-blender is intermittent and consists of two very distinct processes.},
	citeulike-article-id = {3152076},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00227-2},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-8/2/7ab069e835e7f981f96c63338374c8b1},
	day = {3},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00227-2},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {58--71},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:13:03},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00227-2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 40
@article{meier2008note,

	author = {Meier, H. A. and Kuhl, E. and Steinmann, P.},
	title = {A note on the generation of periodic granular microstructures based on grain size distributions},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech.},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {This short communication discusses an algorithm suited for the generation of periodic microstructures of granular media. Its particular features are a user-defined grain size distribution, a representative volume element which is intrinsically periodic ab initio and a user-defined termination criterion, controlled by an increase of volume fraction. For low densities our particle packings resemble fluids or gases, while we aim to reach for rather dense particle packings, similar to granular solids. The generated microstructures can thus be readily incorporated into large multiscale simulations, e.g. on the integration point level of a finite element analysis of a particular sand or concrete. The individual grain size distribution of the granular medium is incorporated through the introduction of different growth rates governing the final particle size distribution. We briefly sketch the generation of the representative volume element within a serial event-driven scheme and demonstrate how periodic boundary conditions are ensured throughout the representative volume element generation process. The potential of the suggested algorithm will be illustrated through the generation of two different periodic multi-disperse microstructures. They are based on different given grain size distributions, one for a quartz sand with a low non-uniformity index and one for concrete aggregates classified as A32 by the German standard norm DIN 1045 to have a rather large variation in grain size. Copyright {\copyright} 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Chair of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4040, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2500757},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.635},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114278334/ABSTRACT},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.635},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {5},
	pages = {509--522},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:09:01},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.635},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 41
@inproceedings{baldassarri2001models,

	author = {Baldassarri, A. and Marconi and Puglisi, A.},
	title = {Models of free cooling granular gases},
	booktitle = {EMPTY},
	year = {2001},

	abstract = {We consider the free evolution of systems of granular particles whose dynamics is characterized by a collision rule which preserves the total momentum, but dissipates the kinetic energy. Starting from an inelastic version of a minimal model proposed by Ulam for a gas of Maxwell molecules, we introduce a new lattice model aimed at investigating the role of dynamical correlations and the onset of spatial order induced by the inelasticity of the interactions. We study, in one- and two-dimensional cases, the velocity distribution, the decay of the energy, the formation of spatial structures and topological defects. Finally, we relate our findings to other models known in other fields.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10682296},
	editor = {Mehta, A. and Halsey, T. C.},
	journal = {Advances in Complex Systems},
	old_keywords = {2001, gas, granular, maxwell, myown, proceedings, s\_luding, trieste},
	number = {4},
	pages = {321--331},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:04:50},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		gas,
		granular,
		maxwell,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 42
@misc{makse2001thermodynamic,


	abstract = {Years ago Edwards proposed a thermodynamic description of dense granular
matter, in which the grains (the `atoms' of the system) interact with inelastic
forces. The approach is intriguing but is not justified from first principles,
and hence, in the absence of conclusive tests of its validity, it has not been
widely accepted. We perform a numerical experiment with a realistic granular
matter model specially conceived to be reproducible in the laboratory. The
results strongly support the thermodynamic picture.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Makse, Hernan A. and Kurchan, Jorge},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284448},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0107163},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0107163},
	day = {6},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0107163},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 23:01:49},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Thermodynamic approach to dense granular matter: a numerical realization of a decisive experiment},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0107163},
	year = {2001},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 43
@article{majmudar2005contact_1,

	author = {Majmudar, T. S. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Contact force measurements and stress-induced anisotropy in granular materials},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {Interparticle forces in granular media form an inhomogeneous distribution of filamentary force chains. Understanding such forces and their spatial correlations, specifically in response to forces at the system boundaries1, 2, represents a fundamental goal of granular mechanics. The problem is of relevance to civil engineering, geophysics and physics3, 4, 5, being important for the understanding of jamming, shear-induced yielding and mechanical response. Here we report measurements of the normal and tangential grain-scale forces inside a two-dimensional system of photoelastic disks that are subject to pure shear and isotropic compression. Various statistical measures show the underlying differences between these two stress states. These differences appear in the distributions of normal forces (which are more rounded for compression than shear), although not in the distributions of tangential forces (which are exponential in both cases). Sheared systems show anisotropy in the distributions of both the contact network and the contact forces. Anisotropy also occurs in the spatial correlations of forces, which provide a quantitative replacement for the idea of force chains. Sheared systems have long-range correlations in the direction of force chains, whereas isotropically compressed systems have short-range correlations regardless of the direction.},
	citeulike-article-id = {235184},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03805},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03805},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15973358},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=15973358},
	day = {23},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03805},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {7045},
	pages = {1079--1082},
	pmid = {15973358},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:59:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03805},
	volume = {435},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 44
@article{mazzitelli2009evolution,

	author = {Mazzitelli, Irene M. and Lohse, Detlef},
	title = {Evolution of energy in flow driven by rising bubbles},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {We investigate by direct numerical simulations the flow that rising bubbles cause in an originally quiescent fluid. We employ the Eulerian-Lagrangian method with two-way coupling and periodic boundary conditions. In order to be able to treat up to 288000 bubbles, the following approximations and simplifications had to be introduced, as done before, e.g., by  Climent and Magnaudet  Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4827 (1999). (i) The bubbles were treated as point particles, thus (ii) disregarding the near-field interactions among them, and (iii) effective force models for the lift and the drag forces were used. In particular, the lift coefficient was assumed to be 1/2, independent of the bubble Reynolds number and the local flow field. The results suggest that large-scale motions are generated, owing to an inverse energy cascade from the small to the large scales. However, as the Taylor-Reynolds number is only in the range of 1, the corresponding scaling of the energy spectrum with an exponent of −5/3 cannot develop over a pronounced range. In the long term, the property of local energy transfer, characteristic of real turbulence, is lost and the input of energy equals the viscous dissipation at all scales. Due to the lack of strong vortices, the bubbles spread rather uniformly in the flow. The mechanism for uniform spreading is as follows. Rising bubbles induce a velocity field behind them that acts on the following bubbles. Owing to the shear, those bubbles experience a lift force, which makes them spread to the left or right, thus preventing the formation of vertical bubble clusters and therefore of efficient forcing. Indeed, when the lift is artificially put to zero in the simulations, the flow is forced much more efficiently and a more pronounced energy that accumulation at large scales (due to the inverse energy cascade) is achieved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284430},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.066317},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v79/i6/e066317},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v79/i6/e066317},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.79.066317},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {066317+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:56:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.066317},
	volume = {79},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 45
@article{monaghan2005smoothed,

	author = {Monaghan, J. J.},
	title = {Smoothed particle hydrodynamics},
	journal = {Reports on Progress in Physics},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {In this review the theory and application of Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) since its inception in 1977 are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the strengths and weaknesses, the analogy with particle dynamics and the numerous areas where SPH has been successfully applied.},
	citeulike-article-id = {250704},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/68/8/R01},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iop/ropp/2005/00000068/00000008/art00r01},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0034-4885/68/8/R01},
	day = {05},
	doi = {10.1088/0034-4885/68/8/R01},
	issn = {0034-4885},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1703--1759},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:54:51},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/68/8/R01},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 46
@article{lazopoulos2006discontinuous,

	author = {Lazopoulos, K. A.},
	title = {On discontinuous strain fields in finite elastostatics},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {A general method for the study of piece-wise homogeneous strain fields in finite elasticity is proposed. Critical homogeneous deformations, supporting strain jumping, are defined for any anisotropic elastic material under constant Piola–Kirchhoff stress field in three-dimensional elasticity. Since Maxwell's sets appear in the neighborhood of singularities higher than the fold, the existence of a cusp singularity is a sufficient condition for the emergence of piece-wise constant strain fields. General formulae are derived for the study of any problem without restrictions or fictitious stress–strain laws. The theory is implemented in a simple shearing plane strain problem. Nevertheless, the procedure is valid for any anisotropic material and three-dimensional problems.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284416},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.009},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.009},
	issn = {00207683},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {11-12},
	pages = {3643--3655},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:52:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.009},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 47
@article{lei2007predicting,

	author = {{Lei}, F. and {Szeri}, A. Z.},
	title = {Predicting Articular Cartilage Behavior with a Non-Linear Microstructural Model},
	journal = {The Open Mechanics Journal},
	year = {2007},

	citeulike-article-id = {11284392},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874158400701010011},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2007OMJ.....1...11L},
	doi = {10.2174/1874158400701010011},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {11--19},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:47:46},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874158400701010011},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 48
@article{li2006elastic,

	author = {Li, Yuhui and Krilov, Goran and Berne, B. J.},
	title = {Elastic Bag Model for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Solvated Systems:  Application to Liquid Water and Solvated Peptides},
	journal = {J. Phys. Chem. B},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {The fluctuating elastic boundary (FEB) model for molecular dynamics has recently been developed and validated through simulations of liquid argon. In the FEB model, a flexible boundary which consists of particles connected by springs is used to confine the solvated system, thereby eliminating the need for periodic boundary conditions. In this study, we extend this model to the simulation of bulk water and solvated alanine dipeptide. Both the confining potential and boundary particle interaction functions are modified to preserve the structural integrity of the boundary and prevent the leakage of the solute?solvent system through the boundary. A broad spectrum of structural and dynamic properties of liquid water are computed and compared with those obtained from conventional periodic boundary condition simulations. The applicability of the model to biomolecular simulations is investigated through the analysis of conformational population distribution of solvated alanine dipeptide. In most cases we find remarkable agreement between the two simulation approaches.},
	booktitle = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284376},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp057532s},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp057532s},
	day = {14},
	doi = {10.1021/jp057532s},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {26},
	pages = {13256--13263},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:46:00},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp057532s},
	volume = {110},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 49
@article{li2005elastic,

	author = {Li, Yuhui and Krilov, Goran and Berne, B. J.},
	title = {Elastic bag model for molecular dynamics simulations of solvated systems: application to liquid argon.},
	journal = {The journal of physical chemistry. B},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {
            A new approach is developed to study the dynamics of the localized process in solutions and other condensed phase systems. The approach employs a fluctuating elastic boundary (FEB) model which encloses the simulated system in an elastic bag that mimics the effects of the bulk solvent. This alleviates the need for periodic boundary conditions and allows for a reduction in the number of solvent molecules that need to be included in the simulation. The boundary bag is modeled as a mesh of quasi-particles connected by elastic bonds. The FEB model allows for volume and density fluctuations characteristic of the bulk system, and the shape of the boundary fluctuates during the course of the simulation to adapt to the configuration fluctuations of the explicit solute-solvent system inside. The method is applied to the simulation of a Lennard-Jones model of liquid argon. Various structural and dynamical quantities are computed and compared with those obtained from conventional periodic boundary simulations. The agreement between the two is excellent in most cases, thus validating the viability of the FEB method.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11284371},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp046852t},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp046852t},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16851037},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16851037},
	day = {13},
	doi = {10.1021/jp046852t},
	issn = {1520-6106},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {1},
	pages = {463--470},
	pmid = {16851037},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:44:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp046852t},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 50
@article{liguo2010coarsegrained,

	author = {Li-Guo, Jiang and Heng-An, Wu and Xiao-Zhou, Zhou and Xiu-Xi, Wang},
	title = {Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Red Blood Cell},
	journal = {Chinese Physics Letters},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {A worm-like chain model based on a spectrin network is employed to study the biomechanics of red blood cells. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to obtain a stable configuration free of external loadings. We also discuss the influence of two parameters: the average bending modulus and the persistence length. The change in shape of a malaria-infected red blood cell can contribute to the change in its molecular-based structure. As the persistence length of the membrane network in the infected red blood cell decreases, the deformability decreases and the biconcave shape is destroyed. The numerical results are comparable with previously reported experimental results. The coarse-grained model can be used to study the relationship between macro-mechanical properties and molecular-scale structures of cells.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7819409},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/27/2/028704},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iop/cpl/2010/00000027/00000002/art028704},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0256-307X/27/2/028704},
	day = {08},
	doi = {10.1088/0256-307X/27/2/028704},
	issn = {0256-307X},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {2},
	pages = {028704+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:42:11},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/27/2/028704},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 51
@article{ludewig2005reversing,

	author = {Ludewig, F. and Vandewalle, N.},
	title = {Reversing the Brazil nut effect.},
	journal = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {
            We propose a lattice model for studying the Brazil Nut Effect (BNE), i.e. the phase segregation occurring when a granular material is vertically shaked. The model considers the tap intensity and the mobility mu of the grains as the main physical parameters. Different mobilities for different grain species lead to segregation (BNE) patterns, reverse segregation (RBNE) patterns, "sandwhich" layered structures or vertical domains. A phase diagram (decompaction chi, mobility difference between both species Delta mu) is obtained in which the different phases are emphasized. In a narrow region of the diagram, different phases coexist. It is shown that the BNE segregation could be reversed by increasing the tap intensity or the characteristics of the grains. Numerical results are compared with earlier experimental works.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11284341},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/e2005-00052-7},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16331336},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16331336},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/e2005-00052-7},
	issn = {1292-8941},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {4},
	pages = {367--372},
	pmid = {16331336},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:35:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/e2005-00052-7},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 52
@article{schmidt2001viscous,

	author = {{Schmidt}, J. and {Salo}, H. and {Spahn}, F. and {Petzschmann}, O.},
	title = {Viscous Overstability in Saturn's B-Ring. II. Hydrodynamic Theory and Comparison to Simulations},
	journal = {Icarus},
	year = {2001},

	abstract = {We investigate the viscous oscillatory instability (overstability) of an
unperturbed dense planetary ring, an instability that might play a role
in the formation of radial structure in Saturn's B-ring. We generalize
existing hydrodynamic models by including the heat flow equation in the
analysis and compare our results to the development of overstable modes
in local particle simulations. With the heat flow, in addition to the
balance equations for mass and momentum, we take into account the
balance law for the energy of the random motion; i.e., we allow for a
thermal mode in a stability analysis of the stationary Keplerian flow.
We also incorporate the effects of nonlocal transport of momentum and
energy on the stability of the ring. In a companion paper (Salo, H., J.
Schmidt, and F. Spahn 2001. Icarus, doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6680) we
describe the determination of the local and nonlocal parts of the
viscosity, the heat conductivity, the pressure, as well as the
collisional cooling, together with their dependences on temperature and
density, in local event-driven simulations of a planetary ring. The
ring's self-gravity is taken into account in these simulations by an
enhancement of the frequency of vertical oscillations
Omega<SUB>z</SUB>\&gt;Omega. We use these values as parameters in our
hydrodynamic model for the comparison to overstability in simulated
rings of meter-sized inelastic particles of large optical depth with
Omega<SUB>z</SUB>/Omega=3.6. We find that the inclusion of the
energy-balance equation has a stabilizing influence on the overstable
modes, shifting the stability boundary to higher optical depths, and
moderating the growth rates of the instability, as compared to a purely
isothermal treatment. The non-isothermal model predicts correctly the
growth rates and oscillation frequencies of overstable modes in the
simulations, as well as the phase shifts and relative amplitudes of the
perturbations in density and radial and tangential velocity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11284322},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6679},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2001Icar..153..316S},
	doi = {10.1006/icar.2001.6679},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {316--331},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 22:29:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6679},
	volume = {153},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 53
@inproceedings{kurtze0000traffic,

	author = {Kurtze, Douglas A. and Hong, Daniel C.},
	title = {Traffic Jams, Granular Flow, and Soliton Selection},
	booktitle = {Rev. E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The flow of traffic on a long section of road without entrances or exits can be modelled by continuum equations similar to those describing fluid flow. In a certain range of traffic density, steady flow becomes unstable against the growth of a cluster, or "phantom" traffic jam, which moves at a slower speed than the otherwise homogeneous flow. We show that near the onset of this instability, traffic flow is described by a perturbed Korteweg-deVries equation. The traffic jam can be identified with a soliton solution of the KdV equation. The perturbation terms select a unique member of the continuous family of KdV solitons. These results may also apply to the dynamics of granular relaxation. PACS numbers: 05.40.+j, 47.54.+r, 81.35.+k, 89.40.+k I. INTRODUCTION  The flow of traffic along a limited-access highway is similar in many respects to the flow of a classical fluid [1-3]. For instance, in the absence of entrances and exits, the total number of vehicles on the road is conserved, so t...},
	citeulike-article-id = {11283215},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.49.6790},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {218--221},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 16:17:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.49.6790},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 54
@article{kuperman1995technique_1,

	author = {Kuperman and Ehrichs, E. E. and Jaeger, H. M. and Karczmar, G. S.},
	title = {A new technique for differentiating between diffusion and flow in granular media using magnetic resonance imaging},
	journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11118594},
	old_keywords = {diffusion, flow, nmr, s\_luding},
	number = {8},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 16:15:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		diffusion,
		flow,
		nmr,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 55
@article{kocurek1981distinctions_1,

	author = {Kocurek, G. and Dott, R. H.},
	title = {Distinctions and uses of stratification types in the interpretation of Eolian sand},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Petrology},
	year = {1981},

	citeulike-article-id = {11118651},
	old_keywords = {aeolian, s\_luding, stratification},
	number = {2},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:51:47},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aeolian,
		hardcopyluding,
		stratification,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 56
@article{scott1998nonlocal_1,

	author = {{Scott}, J. E. and {Kenkre}, V. M. and {Hurd}, A. J.},
	title = {Nonlocal approach to the analysis of the stress distribution in granular systems. II. Application to experiment},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {A theory of stress propagation in granular materials developed recently
[Kenkre, Scott, Pease, and Hurd, preceding paper, Phys. Rev. E 57, 5841
(1998)] is applied to the compaction of ceramic and metal powders in
pipes with previously unexplained experimental features such as
nonmonotonic density and stress variation along the axis of cylindrical
compacts.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11283006},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5850},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1998PhRvE..57.5850S},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5850},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {5850--5857},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:47:43},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5850},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 57
@article{kenkre1998nonlocal_1,

	author = {{Kenkre}, V. M. and {Scott}, J. E. and {Pease}, E. A. and {Hurd}, A. J.},
	title = {Nonlocal approach to the analysis of the stress distribution in granular systems. I. Theoretical framework},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {A theoretical framework for the analysis of the stress distribution in
granular materials is presented. It makes use of a transformation of the
vertical spatial coordinate into a formal time variable and the
subsequent study of a generally non-Markoffian, i.e., memory-possessing
(nonlocal) propagation equation. Previous treatments are obtained as
particular cases corresponding to, respectively, wavelike and diffusive
limits of the general evolution. Calculations are presented for stress
propagation in bounded and unbounded media. They can be used to obtain
desired features such as a prescribed stress distribution within the
compact.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282996},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5841},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1998PhRvE..57.5841K},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5841},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {5841--5849},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:44:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.5841},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 58
@article{kondic1999dynamics,

	author = {Kondic, Ljubinko},
	title = {Dynamics of spherical particles on a surface: Collision-induced sliding and other effects},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {We present a model for the motion of hard spherical particles on a two-dimensional surface. The model includes both the interaction between the particles via collisions and the interaction of the particles with the substrate. We analyze in detail the effects of sliding and rolling friction, which are usually overlooked. It is found that the properties of this particulate system are influenced significantly by the substrate-particle interactions. In particular, sliding of the particles relative to the substrate after a collision leads to considerable energy loss for common experimental conditions. The presented results provide a basis that can be used to realistically model the dynamical properties of the system, and provide further insight into density fluctuations and related phenomena of clustering and structure formation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282965},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.751},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v60/i1/p751},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v60/i1/p751},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.60.751},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {751--770},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:40:11},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.751},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 59
@article{kotter1999shell_1,

	author = {K\"{o}tter, Karsten and Goles, Eric and Markus, Mario},
	title = {Shell structures with ``magic numbers'' of spheres in a swirled dish},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {Molecular dynamic simulations of a low number N<\~{}54 of spheres in a swirled dish yield solidlike shell structures with stable rings. In contrast to known granular media, solidification occurs only at singular values of N: 7, 8, 12, 14, 19, 21, 30, 37, 40. Otherwise, we obtain intermittent switching of particles between rings \^{a} the average switching time scaling exponentially with a control parameter \^{a} or fluidlike disorder. Stable shell structures can be classified by particular geometrical arrangements (one-centered hexagonal, one-centered \^{a}quasicircular,\^{a} three centered, and four centered).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282954},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.7182},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v60/i6/p7182},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v60/i6/p7182},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.60.7182},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {7182--7185},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:38:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.7182},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 60
@misc{luding2000minimal_1,


	abstract = {Based on experiments of the compaction of granular materials under periodic
shear of a packing of glass beads, a minimal model for the dynamics of the
packing density as a function of time is proposed. First, a random ``energy
landscape'' is created by a random walk (RW) in energy. Second, an ensemble of
RWs is performed for various temperatures in different temperature-time
sequences. We identify the minimum (mean) of the energy landscape with the
maximum (random) density. The temperature scaled by the step-size of the energy
landscape determines the dynamics of the system and can be regarded as the
agitation or shear amplitude. The model reproduces qualitatively both tapping
and shear experiments.


{\bf Key-words}: Compaction, crystallization, Sinai-diffusion, random walks,
quenched disorder},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Luding, Stefan and Nicolas, Maxime and Pouliquen, Olivier},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282943},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0003172},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0003172},
	day = {10},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0003172},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:37:08},
	priority = {2},
	title = {A minimal model for slow dynamics: Compaction of granular media under vibration or shear},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0003172},
	year = {2000},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 61
@article{kabla2007nonlinear,

	author = {Kabla, A. and Mahadevan, L.},
	title = {Nonlinear mechanics of soft fibrous networks.},
	journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {
            Mechanical networks of fibres arise on a range of scales in nature and technology, from the cytoskeleton of a cell to blood clots, from textiles and felts to skin and collageneous tissues. Their collective response is dependent on the individual response of the constituent filaments as well as density, topology and order in the network. Here, we use the example of a low-density synthetic felt of athermal filaments to study the generic features of the mechanical response of such networks including strain stiffening and large effective Poisson ratios. A simple microscopic model allows us to explain these features of our observations, and provides us with a baseline framework to understand active biomechanical networks.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11282905},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0151},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2358956/},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015287]},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=17015287]},
	day = {22},
	doi = {10.1098/rsif.2006.0151},
	issn = {1742-5689},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {12},
	pages = {99--106},
	pmcid = {PMC2358956},
	pmid = {17015287]},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:33:03},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0151},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 62
@article{kumaran2006velocity,

	author = {Kumaran, V.},
	title = {Velocity autocorrelations and viscosity renormalization in sheared granular flows.},
	journal = {Physical review letters},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {
            The decay of the velocity autocorrelation function in a sheared granular flow is analyzed in the limit where the wavelength of fluctuations is larger than the "conduction length," so that energy is a nonconserved variable. The decay of the velocity autocorrelation function is much faster than that in a fluid at equilibrium for which energy is a conserved variable. Specifically, the autocorrelation function in a sheared granular flow decays proportional to t-3 in 2D and t-9/2 in 3D, in contrast with the decay proportional to t-1 in 2D and t-3/2 in 3D for a fluid at equilibrium. The renormalization of the viscosity due to mode coupling is evaluated using this form of the decay of the autocorrelation function. It is found that the logarithmic divergence in the viscosity in 2D, and the divergence of the Burnett coefficients in 3D, which is characteristic of a fluid of elastic particles at equilibrium, is absent in a sheared granular flow.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11282889},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16907346},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16907346},
	day = {30},
	issn = {0031-9007},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {25},
	pmid = {16907346},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:31:36},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16907346},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 63
@article{korsgaard1990representation,

	author = {Korsgaard, John},
	title = {On the representation of two-dimensional isotropic functions},
	journal = {International Journal of Engineering Science},
	year = {1990},

	abstract = {The complete irreducible representation of scalar-valued, vector-valued, symmetric tensor-valued and skew-symmetric tensor-valued isotropic functions of an arbitrary number of two-dimensional symmetric tensors, vectors and skew-symmetric tensors are derived. The irreducibility of the different representations are proven.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282877},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(90)90093-X},
	doi = {10.1016/0020-7225(90)90093-X},
	issn = {00207225},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {7},
	pages = {653--662},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:30:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(90)90093-X},
	volume = {28},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 64
@article{kong2005ringlike,

	author = {{Kong}, X. Z. and {Hu}, M. B. and {Wu}, Q. S. and {Wu}, Y. H.},
	title = {Ring-like size segregation in vibrated cylinder with a bottleneck},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {In this Letter, a ring-like segregation pattern of bi-dispersed granular
material in a vibrated bottleneck-cylinder is presented. The driving
frequency can greatly affect the strength and structure of the
convection roll and segregation pattern. The position and height of the
ring (cluster of big beads) can be adjusted by altering the vibration
frequency. And a heuristic theory is developed to interpret the ring's
position dependence on driving frequency.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282856},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.04.058},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2005PhLA..341..278K},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physleta.2005.04.058},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {278--284},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:27:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.04.058},
	volume = {341},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 65
@article{kruggelemden2007analytical,

	author = {Kruggel-Emden, H. and Wirtz, S. and Scherer, V.},
	title = {An analytical solution of different configurations of the linear viscoelastic normal and frictional-elastic tangential contact model},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {In the current study an analytical solution describing the impact of a spherical particle on a rigid wall is derived. The contact is linear viscoelastic in normal and frictional-elastic in tangential direction. Due to its simplicity, the model combination considered is one of the most common in the framework of the Discrete Element Method especially for large-scale simulations. The linear viscoelastic normal model is realized according to Zhang and Whiten [1996. The calculation of contact forces between particles using spring and damping models. Powder Technology 88, 59–64.] assuming a contact to be ceased when the normal force attains a value of zero. In literature the frictional elastic tangential model is employed in three different configurations following Cundall and Strack [1979. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique 29, 47–65], Di Maio and Di Renzo [2004. Analytical solution for the problem of frictional-elastic collisions of spherical particles using the linear model. Chemical Engineering Science 59 (16), 3461–3475] and Brendel and Dippel [1998. Lasting contacts in molecular dynamics simulations. In: Herrmann, H.J., Hovi, J.-P., Luding, S. (Eds.), Physics of Dry Granular Media. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998, p. 313]. The differences among these configurations are briefly explained, whereas the focus is set on the two most accurate model formulations given in the first two papers. All important final collision properties as positions and velocities are derived in an analytical form. Based on these results a comparison with experimental data of particle/wall and particle/particle collisions by Foerster et al. [1994. Measurements of the collision properties of small spheres. Physics of Fluids 6(3), 1108–1115], Lorenz et al. [1997. Measurements of impact properties of small, nearly spherical particles. Experimental Mechanics 37(3), 292–298] and Gorham and Kharaz [2000. The measurement of particle rebound characteristics. Powder Technology 112(3), 193–202] is performed, showing very good agreement especially for the model configuration of Di Maio and Di Renzo. The analytical solution as derived here helps understanding the complex collision process and can be applied for the evaluation of integration methods or in the context of an event-driven discrete element method.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282836},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.08.049},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2007.08.049},
	issn = {00092509},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {23},
	pages = {6914--6926},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:23:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.08.049},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 66
@article{kokstein2007fermi,

	author = {{Kokstein}, H. and {Quinn}, P. V.},
	title = {Fermi statistics applied to a weakly excited column of granular particles in a vibrating bed},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {A one-dimensional experiment in granular dynamics is carried out to test
the thermodynamic theory of weakly excited granular systems [Hayakawa
and Hong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 2764] where granular particles are
treated as spinless Fermions. The density profile is measured and then
fit to a granular Fermi distribution function, from which the global
temperature of the system, T, is determined. Then the center of mass,
\&lt;z(T)\&gt;, and its fluctuations, \&lt;Deltaz(T)<SUP></SUP>\&gt;, are
measured and plotted as functions of T. The granular Fermi function fits
the density profile fairly well, with the value of T being reasonably
close to the predicted value. The scaling behavior of \&lt;z(T)\&gt; and
\&lt;Deltaz(T)<SUP></SUP>\&gt; is in excellent agreement with the
theory.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282824},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.07.011},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2007PhyA..374...66K},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2006.07.011},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {66--76},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:21:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.07.011},
	volume = {374},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 67
@article{knoll2007numerical,

	author = {Knoll, Peter and Mirzaei, Siroos and K\"{o}hn, Horst},
	title = {Numerical simulation of dynamic sand dunes},
	journal = {Applied Mathematics and Computation},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {The physics of granular materials is interesting from many points of view because they exhibit a wealth of phenomena that have both fluid and solid aspects [C.S. Campbell, Annu. Rev. Fluid. Mech. 22 (1990) 57, H.M. Jaeger, S.R. Nagel, R.P. Behringer, Phys. Today 494 (1996) 32]. Recently a difficult pattern was observed if sand falls in the space between two plates and passes an obstacle [Y. Amarouchene, J.F. Boudet, H. Kellay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 4286]. The interesting behaviour occurs on top of the obstacle where a dynamic dune with a parabolic tip is formed. Inside this parabola, a triangular region of non- or very slow flowing sand is observed. Using factor analysis it is possible to extract latent parameters from a dynamic process. Applying a three factor model we can clearly identify the inner triangle (1st factor) and the outer parabolic pattern (3rd factor). The second factor we interpret as shock wave. Most interactions between particles take place in a relatively small region. We show that the pattern formation process depends on the restitution coefficients (particle–particle and particle–obstacle) and also on the particle size. These findings cannot be observed if standard velocity profiles are used to analyse the data. Our findings show, that most interactions take place in a relatively small area correlating with the particle size. If the interactions between different particles and particle–obstacle are elastic the formation of a non-flowing triangular region is more difficult as if inelastic collisions are used. The factor curves also clearly show that a pattern formation process has to be finished, before the next pattern can be formed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282801},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2007.02.115},
	doi = {10.1016/j.amc.2007.02.115},
	issn = {00963003},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1747--1753},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:18:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2007.02.115},
	volume = {190},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 68
@article{kanatani1984stereological,

	author = {Kanatani, Ken-Ichi},
	title = {Stereological determination of structural anisotropy},
	journal = {International Journal of Engineering Science},
	year = {1984},

	abstract = {A general mathematical formulation is given to the problem of determining the structural anisotropy by means of the stereological principle. Three cases are considered—distributed curves in the plane, distributed curves in the space and distributed surfaces in the space. The number of intersections with a probe line or plane is viewed as a transformation, which is termed the  ” Buffon transform”, between two distribution densities, and a form of its inverse transform is given. Then, the change of anisotropy due to the deformation of the material is formulated, and the strain is shown to be determined from the data of the intersection counting. All equations are written in the form of Cartesian tensor equations invariant to coordinate translations and rotations. A typical example is also given.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282775},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(84)90055-7},
	doi = {10.1016/0020-7225(84)90055-7},
	issn = {00207225},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {5},
	pages = {531--546},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:15:00},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(84)90055-7},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 69
@article{kruger2011efficient,

	author = {Kr\"{u}ger, T. and Varnik, F. and Raabe, D.},
	title = {Efficient and accurate simulations of deformable particles immersed in a fluid using a combined immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann finite element method},
	journal = {Comput. Math. Appl.},
	year = {2011},

	abstract = {The deformation of an initially spherical capsule, freely suspended in simple shear flow, can be computed analytically in the limit of small deformations [D. Barthes-Biesel, J.M. Rallison, The time-dependent deformation of a capsule freely suspended in a linear shear flow, J. Fluid Mech. 113 (1981) 251-267]. Those analytic approximations are used to study the influence of the mesh tessellation method, the spatial resolution, and the discrete delta function of the immersed boundary method on the numerical results obtained by a coupled immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann finite element method. For the description of the capsule membrane, a finite element method and the Skalak constitutive model [R. Skalak, A. Tozeren, R.P. Zarda, S. Chien, Strain energy function of red blood cell membranes, Biophys. J. 13 (1973) 245-264] have been employed. Our primary goal is the investigation of the presented model for small resolutions to provide a sound basis for efficient but accurate simulations of multiple deformable particles immersed in a fluid. We come to the conclusion that details of the membrane mesh, as tessellation method and resolution, play only a minor role. The hydrodynamic resolution, i.e., the width of the discrete delta function, can significantly influence the accuracy of the simulations. The discretization of the delta function introduces an artificial length scale, which effectively changes the radius and the deformability of the capsule. We discuss possibilities of reducing the computing time of simulations of deformable objects immersed in a fluid while maintaining high accuracy.},
	address = {Tarrytown, NY, USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {7110269},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1998772},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2010.03.057},
	day = {24},
	doi = {10.1016/j.camwa.2010.03.057},
	issn = {0898-1221},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {12},
	pages = {3485--3505},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 15:13:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Pergamon Press, Inc.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2010.03.057},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 70
@article{mundim1998optimization,

	author = {Mundim, K. C. and Lemaire, T. J. and Bassrei, A.},
	title = {Optimization of non-linear gravity models through generalized simulated annealing},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {In this paper we apply the generalized simulated annealing (GSA) approach to the inversion of gravity data for 2-D and 3-D density distributions. We consider a modeling process where the input is the vector of model parameters m (that can be density contrast, mass or some coordinates) and the output is described by the transformation h(m)=d, where d is the vector of data parameters, we generally have access in practical problems. If the vector d describes the observed actual output of the system, the problem is to  ” choose”, or estimate, the parameters mest in order to minimize, in some sense, in our case in the least-squares sense, the difference between the observed vector d and the prescribed output of the system h(mest). The tests with synthetic data show the promising application of GSA in gravity inversion. The results obtained suggest us that the GSA approach enables to find quickest optimization machines than the two conventional approaches (Boltzmann and Cauchy machines).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282621},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00634-1},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00634-1},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {405--416},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:50:59},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00634-1},
	volume = {252},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 71
@article{tokarchuk2000kinetic,

	author = {Tokarchuk, M. V. and Omelyan, I. P. and Kobryn, A. E.},
	title = {Kinetic equation for liquids with a multistep potential of interaction: Calculation of transport coefficients},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {Using the boundary conditions method, we find normal solutions to a kinetic equation proposed recently by us [Physica A 234, 89 (1996)] to describe nonequilibrium properties of classical liquids. As a result, explicit expressions for the transport coefficients and macroscopic conservation laws are obtained in the first order for gradients of hydrodynamic parameters. In some particular cases, these expressions are reduced to those corresponding to the well-known Enskog, Davis-Rice-Sengers, and mean-field kinetic theories. It is demonstrated that our approach allows an accurate reproduction of experimental and molecular dynamics data for the transport coefficients of liquid argon in a wide density-temperature range.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282613},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.8021},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v62/i6/p8021},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v62/i6/p8021},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.62.8021},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {8021--8036},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:50:16},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.8021},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 72
@article{pennini1997dynamical,

	author = {{Pennini}, F. and {Plastino}, A. R. and {Plastino}, A.},
	title = {Dynamical evolution and Tsallis generalized quantum thermostatistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {We discuss some interesting peculiarities of Tsallis' quantum
thermostatistics in relation with dynamical evolution, with particular
emphasis on the cut-off condition question. The existence of special
dynamical states that do not appear in the Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatics
is analyzed in detail.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282606},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997PhyA..235..388P},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {388--406},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:49:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997PhyA..235..388P},
	volume = {235},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 73
@article{tkachenko2000stress,

	author = {Tkachenko, A: V. and Witten, T. A.},
	title = {Stress in frictionless granular material: Adaptive network simulations},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2000},

	citeulike-article-id = {2093718},
	key = {granular},
	old_keywords = {bibtex-import, s\_luding},
	number = {2},
	pages = {2510--2516},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:45:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 74
@article{raul1996extensive,

	author = {Ra\'{u}l Grigera, J.},
	title = {Extensive and non-extensive thermodynamics. A molecular dynamic test},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {To test the validity of the Tsallis' non-extensive thermodynamic approach for systems of long-range interacting particles, molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out with interaction potentials of the form A/r12 — B/r\^{I}±, with \^{I}± ranging from 0.1 to 5 in systems of different sizes. For increasing system sizes the potential energy per particle does not converge for \^{I}± < 3 for a three-dimensional system at a given temperature. The desired convergence is however obtained for E/NN* at constant T* = T/N*, with N* = (N1-\^{I}±/d — 1)/(1 — \^{I}±/d) as prescribed by Tsallis' thermodynamics. The same behavior is observed for \^{I}± < 2 for a two-dimensional system. Besides its interest for the general validity of the approach of non-extensive thermodynamics, this result may be explored for the simulation of long-range interacting systems.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282571},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(96)00276-9},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(96)00276-9},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47--51},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:44:46},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(96)00276-9},
	volume = {217},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 75
@article{plastino1997tsallis,

	author = {{Plastino}, A. and {Plastino}, A. R. and {Miller}, H. G.},
	title = {Tsallis nonextensive thermostatistics and Fisher's information measure},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {The connection between Fisher's ideas concerning information measures
and nonextensive thermostatistics (NET) is investigated. The Cramer-Rao
bound is generalized to a NET environment. A relationship between
Fisher's information and Tsallis' entropy is established.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282554},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997PhyA..235..577P},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {577--588},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:42:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997PhyA..235..577P},
	volume = {235},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 76
@article{tsallis1994generalized,

	author = {Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Generalized entropy-based criterion for consistent nonparametric testing},
	journal = {preprint},
	year = {1994},

	citeulike-article-id = {11282548},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:41:11},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 77
@article{chame1997onsager,

	author = {Chame, Anna and de Mello, E. V. L.},
	title = {The Onsager reciprocity relations within Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {In the framework of a generalized statistical mechanics introduced recently by Tsallis, we derive the corresponding form of the Onsager theorem. We show that this form is invariant under q, the parameter which characterizes the generalization (q = 1 yields the standard statistics). To obtain this result we assume the Onsager hypothesis for the decay of fluctuations and that the underlying principle of time symmetry of the physical laws continues to be valid within this generalized statistical mechanics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282531},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00125-4},
	doi = {10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00125-4},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {3},
	pages = {159--163},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:39:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00125-4},
	volume = {228},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 78
@article{de1997students,

	author = {de Souza, Andr\'{e}M and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Student's t- and r-distributions: Unified derivation from an entropic variational principle},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {The optimization of the recently generalized entropy of the form Sq ≡ 1 − ∝dx[p(x)]q∼/(q−1) with the constraints ∝dxp(x) = 1 and \~{a}x2\~{a}q ≡ ∝dxx2[p(x)]q = 1 yields the Student's t-distribution for q > 1, and the r-distribution for q < 1.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11223778},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00395-0},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00395-0},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {52--57},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:38:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00395-0},
	volume = {236},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 79
@article{cannas1996longrange,

	author = {{Cannas}, S. A. and {Tamarit}, F. A.},
	title = {Long-range interactions and nonextensivity in ferromagnetic spin models},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {The Ising model with ferromagnetic interactions that decay as
1/r<SUP>alpha</SUP> is analyzed in the nonextensive regime
0\&lt;=alpha\&lt;=d, where the thermodynamic limit is not defined. In
order to study the asymptotic properties of the model in the
N--\&gt;\&infin; limit (N being the number of spins) we propose a
generalization of the Curie-Weiss model, for which the N--\&gt;\&infin;
limit is well defined for all alpha\&gt;=0. We conjecture that
mean-field theory is exact in the last model for all
0\&lt;=alpha\&lt;=d. This conjecture is supported by Monte Carlo
heat-bath simulations in the d=1 case. Moreover, we confirm a recently
conjectured scaling by Tsallis that allows for a unification of
extensive (alpha\&gt;d) and nonextensive (0\&lt;=alpha\&lt;=d) regimes.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282516},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9607210},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9607210},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.R12661},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhRvB..5412661C},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.54.R12661},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9607210},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {12661+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:36:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.R12661},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 80
@article{cannas1999onedimensional,

	author = {Cannas, Sergio A. and de Magalh\~{a}es, Agla\'{e} C. N.},
	title = {The one-dimensional Potts model with long-range interactions: a renormalization group approach},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The one-dimensional q-state Potts model with ferromagnetic pair interactions which decay with the distance r as   is considered. We calculate, through a real-space renormalization group technique using Kadanoff blocks of length b, the critical temperature   and the correlation length critical exponent   as a function of   for different values of q. Some of the very few known rigorous results for general q are reproduced by our approach. Several asymptotic behaviours are derived analytically for q = 2, 3 in the   limit. We also obtain extrapolated critical temperatures   for arbitrary values of   and for q = 2, 3, 4, which we believe approximate the exact ones well, except in the region near  . Furthermore, the use of another extrapolation procedure suitable only in the vicinity of   led us to conjecture that the   exact  critical temperature   is the same for   any value of q . We also verify that  , which is consistent with a recent conjecture of Tsallis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282509},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/30/10/014},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4470/30/10/014},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/30/10/014},
	issn = {0305-4470},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {10},
	pages = {3345+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:35:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/30/10/014},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 81
@article{andricioaei1996generalized,

	author = {Andricioaei, Ioan and Straub, John E.},
	title = {Generalized simulated annealing algorithms using Tsallis statistics: Application to conformational optimization of a tetrapeptide},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {A Monte Carlo simulated annealing algorithm based on the generalized entropy of Tsallis is presented. The algorithm obeys detailed balance and reduces to a steepest descent algorithm at low temperatures. Application to the conformational optimization of a tetrapeptide demonstrates that the algorithm is more effective in locating low energy minima than standard simulated annealing based on molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282495},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.R3055},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v53/i4/pR3055\_1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v53/i4/pR3055\_1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.53.R3055},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {R3055--R3058},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:33:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.R3055},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 82
@article{portesi1996generalized,

	author = {{Portesi}, M. and {Plastino}, A.},
	title = {Generalized entropy as a measure of quantum uncertainty},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {A generalized entropy is used in order to advance a different form of
expressing the Uncertainty Principle of Quantum mechanics. We consider
the generalized entropic formulation for different pairs of incompatible
observables. In particular, we study the number-phase entropic
uncertainty measure for the case of coherent states within the
Pegg-Barnett theory. We also tackle the situation of operators with
continuous spectra, where a correlation functional is calculated in
terms of generalized joint and marginal entropies, for harmonic
oscillator wavefunctions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282485},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhyA..225..412P},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {412--430},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:32:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhyA..225..412P},
	volume = {225},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 83
@article{thornton0000quasistatic_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Antony, S. J.},
	title = {Quasi-static deformation of particulate media},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A two-dimensional model was developed that describes the deformation of an open, mechanically stable chromatographic bed during steady-state flow. It is based on the assumption of pure elastic deformation and the validity of Darcy's law. A control-volume method was used to solve the mathematical equations. The computed pressure profiles agree well with experimental data. Computer simulations indicate that radial void variations, which will cause significant flow variations, may occur under chromatographic flow conditions. A method of measuring Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio in a water-saturated sample at very low stress levels ( < 15 kPa) using a cubic plane strain tester, is also presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11113721},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 1998 - Quasi-static deformation of particulate media.pdf},
	old_keywords = {compression, deformation, dem, evolution, force, granular, incomplete, jin, jps, medium, microstructure, numeric, oois, powder, quasistatic, s\_luding, transmission},
	number = {1747},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:31:59},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 1998 - Quasi-static deformation of particulate media.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		deformation,
		dem,
		evolution,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		medium,
		microstructure,
		numeric,
		oois,
		powder,
		quasistatic,
		hardcopyluding,
		transmission,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 84
@article{c1996mean,

	author = {{{C}}, F. {B{\"{u}}y{\"{u}}kkili{c}} and {Dem{\'{y}}rhan}, D. and {Tirnakli}, U.},
	title = {Mean Field Theory For The Ising Model Within Generalized Statistical Thermodynamics (GST)},
	journal = {Turkish Journal of Physics},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {In this study, the Ising model, using the Bogolyubov inequality which
has been obtained in the framework of the generalized statistical
thermodynamics has been investigated ; with the mean-field theory
approximation, the free energy of the magnetic system corresponding to
the actual Hamiltonian has been established. By minimizing the free
energy via variational techniques, the effect of the Tsallis q-index on
the free energy, which is encountered in entropies inspired by the
measurement in the multifractal structures, has been investigated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282472},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996TJPh...20...75B},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {75},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:30:59},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996TJPh...20...75B},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 85
@article{thornton1999numerical_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Ciomocos, M. T. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of agglomerate impact breakage},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The paper reports granular dynamics simulations of a dense spherical agglomerate consisting of a random polydisperse system of autoadhesive particles impacting orthogonally with a target wall. A range of impact velocities has been examined which resulted in rebound, fracture or shattering depending on the magnitude of the impact velocity specified. Visualisations of agglomerate breakage are presented together with data on the evolution of the target wall force, the kinetic energy of the agglomerate, the number of bonds broken and the amount of debris detached during a collision. The evolution of the processes preceding agglomerate breakage is also discussed. Cet article pr\'{e}sente les r\'{e}sultats de simulations num\'{e}rique du choc contre une paroi d'un agglom\'{e}rat sph\'{e}rique et compact, compos\'{e} d'un ensemble polydisperse de particules autoadh\'{e}sives. Diff\'{e}rentes vitesses d'impact ont \'{e}t\'{e} examin\'{e}es, qui produisent des ph\'{e}nom\'{e}nes de ricochet, de fracture et d'\'{e}crasement suivant la vitesse. Des images de la fragmentation de l'agglom\'{e}rat sont pr\'{e}sent\'{e}es de m\^{e}me que des informations sur les \'{e}volutions de la force de la cible, de l'\'{e}nergie cin\'{e}tique de l'agglom\'{e}rat, du nombre de liaisons bris\'{e}es et de la quantit\'{e} de d\'{e}bris. On s'int\'{e}resse aussi \'{a} l'\'{e}volution des processus qui pr\'{e}c\'{e}dent la fragmentation de l'agglom\'{e}rat.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282470},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00120-5},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00120-5},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {74--82},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:30:48},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00120-5},
	volume = {105},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 86
@article{silva1996dualitybased,

	author = {{Silva}, L. R. {Da} and {Stanley}, H. E.},
	title = {Duality-based approximation for the critical point of the square lattice Ising ferromagnet within Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Within the generalized thermostatistics of Tsallis, we propose for the
spin-1/(2) Ising ferromagnet a transmissivity variable which extends
that defined by Tsallis and Levy for thermal magnetic systems. By using
this generalized transmissivity as well as duality arguments, we
calculate theq -dependence of the critical temperature corresponding to
the square lattice, where q is the entropic index (q = 1 reproduces
standard thermostatistics). Our approximate results are compared with
those previously obtained using renormalization group and mean-field
approximation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282454},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhyA..234..497D},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {497--505},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:29:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhyA..234..497D},
	volume = {234},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 87
@article{thornton1997force_1,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {Force transmission in granular media},
	journal = {KONA Powder and Particle},
	year = {1997},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116896},
	old_keywords = {3d, force, md, s\_luding, stress, transmission},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:28:18},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		3d,
		force,
		md,
		hardcopyluding,
		stress,
		transmission,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 88
@article{thornton1997coefficient_1,

	author = {{Thornton}, C.},
	title = {Coefficient of Restitution for Collinear Collisions of Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {Based on a simplified theoretical model for the normal contact interaction of two elastic-perfectly plastic spheres, an analytical solution is provided for the coefficient of restitution. The solution is expressed in terms of the ratio of impact velocity to yield velocity rather than in terms of material properties such as the yield stress which is difficult to reliably ascertain for many materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {9305721},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=JAMCAV000064000002000383000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?AMJ/64/383},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787319},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1997JAM....64..383T},
	doi = {10.1115/1.2787319},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {2},
	pages = {383--386},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:25:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ASME},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787319},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 89
@article{tsallis1996anomalous,

	author = {Tsallis, C. and Bukman, D. J.},
	title = {Anomalous diffusion in the presence of external forces: Exact time-dependent solutions and their thermostatistical basis.},
	journal = {Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics},
	year = {1996},

	citeulike-article-id = {11282309},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9965440},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=9965440},
	issn = {1063-651X},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {3},
	pmid = {9965440},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:09:56},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9965440},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 90
@article{zik1994rotationally_1,

	author = {Zik, O. and Levine, Dov and Lipson, S. G. and Shtrikman, S. and Stavans, J.},
	title = {Rotationally Induced Segregation of Granular Materials},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {We have studied segregation in binary mixtures of different granular media subjected to rotation in horizontal tubes. Mixtures separate into bands of different relative concentrations arranged along the axis of the tubes. Axial modulations of the tube radius lock bands in space and induce segregation in otherwise nonsegregating mixtures of glass beads. The segregation results from an instability analogous to spinodal decomposition, and we present a model which describes this instability.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282273},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.644},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v73/i5/p644},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v73/i5/p644},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.644},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {644--647},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:07:54},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.644},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 91
@article{gersdorf1997correlation,

	author = {Gersdorf, Peter and John, Walter and Perdew, John P. and Ziesche, Paul},
	title = {Correlation entropy of the H2 molecule},
	journal = {Int. J. Quantum Chem.},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {Correlation of a quantum many-body state makes the one-particle density matrix nonidempotent. Therefore, the Shannon entropy of the natural occupation numbers measures the correlation strength on the one-particle level. Here, it is shown how this general idea of a correlation entropy must be adapted for two-electron systems in view of conservation laws which mix Slater determinants even in the noninteracting limit. Results are presented for the correlation entropy s of H2 as a function of the nucleus-nucleus separation R. In the ground state, the entropy of the spatial factor of the wave function maximizes 1.7 bohr beyond the Coulson-Fischer separation. The role of the correlation entropy in density functional theory is also discussed. {\copyright} 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282256},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)61:6\%3C935::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-X},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)61:6\%3C935::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-X},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {6},
	pages = {935--941},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:01:44},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)61:6\%3C935::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-X},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 92
@article{rajagopal1996neumann,

	author = {Rajagopal, A. K.},
	title = {Von Neumann and Tsallis entropies associated with the Gentile interpolative quantum statistics},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We obtain the von Neumann entropy per state of the Gentile interpolative statistics in terms of the mean occupation number , as , where \"{I} is obtained by solving the equation . These go over to the familiar expressions for the cases of Fermi (d = 1) and Bose (d = ∞) statistics. The second order fluctuation from the mean is found to be . For nonextensive systems, corresponding results are also derived by employing the Tsallis entropy which includes the von Neumann entropy valid for extensive systems only. A discussion of these with the other interpolative statistics of Haldane is also given.},
	citeulike-article-id = {6080060},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(96)00177-6},
	day = {13},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(96)00177-6},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {127--130},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 14:00:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(96)00177-6},
	volume = {214},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 93
@article{cannas1996learning,

	author = {Cannas, S. A. and Stariolo, D. and Tamarit, F. A.},
	title = {Learning dynamics of simple perceptrons with non-extensive cost functions},
	journal = {Network: Computation in Neural Systems},
	year = {1996},

	citeulike-article-id = {11282245},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {1},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:59:29},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 94
@article{guerberoff1996nonstandard,

	author = {{Guerberoff}, G. R. and {Pury}, P. A. and {Raggio}, G. A.},
	title = {Non-standard thermal statistics with q-entropies},
	journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
	year = {1996},

	citeulike-article-id = {11282231},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531480},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996JMP....37.1790G},
	doi = {10.1063/1.531480},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1790--1811},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:57:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531480},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 95
@article{guerberoff1996standard,

	author = {Guerberoff, G. R. and Raggio, G. A.},
	title = {Standard thermal statistics with q-entropies},
	journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We report results on the quantum thermal statistics  la Gibbs–Shannon–Szilard–Jaynes based on q‐entropies Sq[ρ]=(q−1)−1(1−tr(ρq)) (0\&lt;q≠1) and the internal energy functional U[ρ]=tr(ρH) proposed by C. Tsallis [J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479–487 (1988)]. {\copyright} 1996 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282225},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=JMAPAQ000037000004001776000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JMP/37/1776},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531479},
	doi = {10.1063/1.531479},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1776--1789},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:56:47},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531479},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 96
@article{nobre1996localizedspins,

	author = {Nobre, Fernando D. and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Localized-spins ideal paramagnet within non-extensive thermostatistics},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine Part B},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Abstract A Within a recently generalized thermostatistical framework which allows for non-extensive effects, we discuss numerically the ideal paramagnet (N non-interacting localized spins in the presence of an external magnetic field) in order to illustrate the existence of a well behaved thermodynamic limit for the canonical ensemble. Both the specific heat (generalized Schottky anonnaly) and the isothermal magnetic susceptibility (generalized Curie law) are calculated and data collapse is exhibited for N >> 1. In addition to this, and within a molecular-field approximation, we have generalized the Curie-Weiss law.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11282218},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819608239150},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642819608239150},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1080/13642819608239150},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {5},
	pages = {745--762},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:55:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819608239150},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 97
@article{kaniadakis1996generalized,

	author = {Kaniadakis, G. and Lavagno, A. and Quarati, P.},
	title = {Generalized statistics and solar neutrinos},
	journal = {Physics Letters B},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {The generalized Tsallis statistics produces a distribution function appropriate to describe the interior solar plasma, thought as a stellar polytrope, showing a tail depleted with respect to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and reduces to zero at energies greater than about 20kBT. The Tsallis statistics can theoretically support the distribution suggested in the past by Clayton and collaborators, which shows also a depleted tail, to explain the solar neutrino counting rate.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281983},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01535-3},
	doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(95)01535-3},
	issn = {03702693},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {308--312},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:14:45},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01535-3},
	volume = {369},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 98
@article{cannas1996selfdual,

	author = {Cannas, Sergio A. and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Self-dual planar lattice Ising ferromagnet within generalized thermostatistics},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Physik B Condensed Matter},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Within a generalized thermostatistics which allows for nonextensivity, we calculate the phase diagram and the correlation length critical exponent \&\#57 for the Ising ferromagnet in a self-dual hierarchical lattice which mimics the square lattice.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281973},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050170},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/50v7qx078lxd2ybf},
	day = {10},
	doi = {10.1007/s002570050170},
	issn = {0722-3277},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {4},
	pages = {623--628},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:12:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050170},
	volume = {100},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 99
@article{curilef1996generalized,

	author = {Curilef, Sergio},
	title = {Generalized statistical mechanics for the N-body quantum problem - ideal gases},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Physik B Condensed Matter},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Within Tsallis generalized thermostatistics, the grand canonical ensemble is derived for quantum systems. In particular, the generalized Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics are defined. The behavior of the chemical potential is depicted as a function of the temperature. Some thermodynamic quantities at high and low temperature are studied as well.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281942},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050144},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/pj72u1l4xr0ale6t},
	day = {17},
	doi = {10.1007/s002570050144},
	issn = {0722-3277},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {3},
	pages = {433--440},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:07:32},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050144},
	volume = {100},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 100
@article{mundim1996geometry,

	author = {Mundim, Kleber C. and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Geometry optimization and conformational analysis through generalized simulated annealing},
	journal = {Int. J. Quantum Chem.},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {On statistical-mechanical grounds, a stochastic optimization technique (generalized simulated annealing) has been recently proposed which contains both classical simulated annealing (Kirkpatrick et al., 1983) and fast simulated annealing (Szu, 1986) as particular cases. This technique can be faster than both in detecting global (and also local) minima. Its utility in quantum chemistry is here illustrated, through the use of a semiempirical quantum method, on molecules of the series CH3-R (C2H6, CH3COH, CH3OH), H2X2 (H2O2, H2S2), X2Y4 (N2H4, P2H4, N2F4), for double bonds (C2H4 and CH2NH), and finally for H2O3. {\copyright} 1996 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281930},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1996)58:4\%3C373::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-V},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1996)58:4\%3C373::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-V},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {4},
	pages = {373--381},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:06:23},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1996)58:4\%3C373::AID-QUA6\%3E3.0.CO;2-V},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 101
@article{tsallis1995nonextensive_1,

	author = {Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Nonextensive thermostatistics and fractals},
	journal = {Fractals},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281925},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {03},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:04:45},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 102
@article{buyukkilicc1995fractal,

	author = {B\"{u}y\"{u}kkili\c{c}, Fevzi and Demirhan, Do\u{g}an},
	title = {A fractal approach to the distribution function of a paramagnetic system},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Physik B Condensed Matter},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {A similarity between the random walk problem and a paramagnetic system has been established. The distribution functions of the stationary states have been obtained by making the Tsallis entropy a maximum, belonging to the statistical ensemble of a paramagnetic system, under suitable constraints using the variational methods. The asymptotic form of the distribution of the magnetic moments has been determined from the behaviour of the L\&eacute;vy distribution. For the paramagnetic system which has been considered as the fractally structured system, following the way used by Alemany and Zanette [1] Tsallis q index has been related to the fractal dimension and the interval of the values of q has also been determined.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281902},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050019},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/cf2xennm50w9nyw2},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s002570050019},
	issn = {0722-3277},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {1},
	pages = {137--141},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 13:01:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002570050019},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 103
@article{zanette1996generalized,

	author = {Zanette, Dami\'{a}n H.},
	title = {Generalized Kolmogorov entropy in the dynamics of multifractal generation},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We point out that applying a maximization principle on a Tsallis-like generalized form of the Kolmogorov entropy for iterated function systems, naturally provides a canonical statistical frame for the description of the multifractal measures generated by such dynamical processes. Multifractal spectra can then be characterized by usual statistical parameters — in particular, the  ” temperature”. We show that in the limit of zero  ” temperature” the multifractal measure collapses to a homogeneous distribution over a fractal support. For finite  ” temperatures”, multifractal spectra are studied numerically in an illustrative example.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281874},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00294-4},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(95)00294-4},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {87--98},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:56:52},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00294-4},
	volume = {223},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 104
@article{pennini1995tsallis,

	author = {Pennini, F. and Plastino, A. and Plastino, A. R.},
	title = {Tsallis entropy and quantal distribution functions},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {In connection with Tsallis generalized statistical mechanics, we discuss the associated quantal distribution functions recently advanced by B\"{u}y\"{u}kkili\c{c} et al. [Phys. Lett. A 197 (1995) 209] and show, by recourse to elementary considerations, that they can be regarded only as rather rough approximations. Numerical calculations in a simple model show that, for some values of the temperature and the chemical potential, results obtained with the approximate distributions appreciably deviate from the exact ones.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281867},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00720-1},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00720-1},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {4-6},
	pages = {309--314},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:55:46},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00720-1},
	volume = {208},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 105
@article{plastino1995nonextensive,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A.},
	title = {Non-extensive statistical mechanics and generalized Fokker-Planck equation},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {A non-linear, generalized Fokker-Planck (GFP) equation is studied whose exact stationary solutions are the maximum entropy distributions introduced by Tsallis in his generalization of Statistical Mechanics. In the case of a constant or linearly varying drift, the time dependent solutions of the GFP equation are seen to obey a suitable form of the celebrated H-theorem. The temporal changes of Tsallis' entropies are seen to be given in terms of the Fisher's information measure. Particular time-dependent solutions of the GFP equation of the maximum (Tsallis') entropy form are obtained.},
	citeulike-article-id = {6095487},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00211-1},
	day = {15},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(95)00211-1},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {347--354},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:54:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00211-1},
	volume = {222},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 106
@article{tsallis1995nonextensive_2,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Non-extensive thermostatistics: brief review and comments},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We briefly review, with regard to physical applications, the present status of the recently introduced non-extensive thermostatistics characterized by the entropic index q (q = 1 corresponds to standard, extensive, Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatistics). In addition to that, we comment on (i) how meta-equilibrium-equilibrium crossovers may occur as a function of time, (ii) spin glasses and the replica trick, and (iii) the theory of perceptions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10506486},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00236-Z},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(95)00236-Z},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {277--290},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:53:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00236-Z},
	volume = {221},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 107
@article{plastino1995quantitative,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A. and Vucetich, H.},
	title = {A quantitative test of Gibbs' statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Tsallis' generalized statistical mechanics (GSM) is used in order to provide us with a test on the validity of the Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics, which constitutes a particular instance of the GSM, attained when the Tsallis parameter q equals unity. From both cosmic background data and the experimental value of the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, global and local bounds upon q are established.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281852},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00640-O},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00640-O},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {42--46},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:51:50},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00640-O},
	volume = {207},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 108
@article{portesi1995nonextensive,

	author = {Portesi, M. and Plastino, A. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Nonextensive thermostatistics can yield apparent magnetism},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Bacry [Phys. Lett. B 317, 523 (1993)] showed that, on the basis of a deformed Poincar\'{e} group, special relativity yields a nonadditive energy for large systems, i.e., a total energy (of the Universe) which would not be proportional to the number of particles. He consistently argued that this effect could explain (part of) the so-called dark matter. By considering noninteracting spins at thermal equilibrium in the presence of an external magnetic field, we show here that the recently introduced nonextensive (nonadditive) thermostatistics could account for a theoretically possible ''dark magnetism'' (the apparent number of spins being smaller or larger than the actual one).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281842},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.R3317},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v52/i4/pR3317\_1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v52/i4/pR3317\_1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.52.R3317},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {R3317--R3320},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:50:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.R3317},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 109
@article{tsallis1995comment,

	author = {{Tsallis}, C.},
	title = {Comment on ``Thermodynamic stability conditions for the Tsallis and R{\'e}nyi entropies'' by J.D. Ramshaw},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Ramshaw [Phys. Lett. A 198 (1995) 119] has recently shown that if one
considers the generalized entropy S<SUB>q</SUB> ---k(1 -
\&sum;<SUB>i</SUB>p<SUP>q</SUP><SUB>i</SUB>/((q - 1)) (q \&isin; R; q = 1
corresponds to standard thermostatistics) and the standard internal
energyU<SUB>1</SUB> ---
\&sum;<SUB>i</SUB>p<SUB>i</SUB>\&epsilon;<SUB>i</SUB>, then thermodynamic
stability of the system is not guaranteed forall values of q. We show
here that the (physically desirable) thermodynamic stability is restored
if, instead of U<SUB>1</SUB>, one uses the (consistently) generalized
internal energyU<SUB>q</SUB> ---
\&sum;<SUB>i</SUB>p<SUP>q</SUP><SUB>i</SUB>\&epsilon;<SUB>i</SUB>.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281833},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00655-M},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhLA..206..389T},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00655-M},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {389--391},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:49:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00655-M},
	volume = {206},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 110
@article{tsallis1995some,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Some comments on Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Chaos, Solitons \& Fractals},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {A nonexhaustive review is presented of the limits of the impressive and vastly known success of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics and normal thermodynamics. These limits naturally open the door for the research of generalized formalisms that could enlarge the domain of validity of standard statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. A possible such generalization (recently proposed by the author) is commented along this perspective.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281827},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(95)80062-L},
	doi = {10.1016/0960-0779(95)80062-L},
	issn = {09600779},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {539--559},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:48:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(95)80062-L},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 111
@article{penna1995fitting,

	author = {Penna, T. J. P.},
	title = {Fitting curves by simulated annealing},
	journal = {Computers in Physics},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281817},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {341},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:46:52},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 112
@article{buyukilicc1995statistical,

	author = {B\"{u}y\"{u}kili\c{c}, Fevzi and Demirhan, Dogˇan and G\"{u}le\c{c}, Atilla},
	title = {A statistical mechanical approach to generalized statistics of quantum and classical gases},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {For many particle non-interacting gases which are in heat and particle baths the grand canonical ensemble concept has been set out. The set of occupation numbers of the R quantum states of the gas is described by {n1, n2, …, nk, …}. As the entropy of the ensemble, one of the fractal inspired entropies, namely Tsallis entropy, has been considered and expressed for the ensemble. The probability PR of the ensemble to be in the state R has been investigated for the equilibrium state, by making use of the Boltzmann H-theorem with the techniques of calculus of variations. Having obtained the probability PR, the generalized distribution functions of the quantum gases have been established. On the other hand, the generalized distribution functions of the classical gases have been found as a special case of one of the quantum gases, namely the boson gas.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281807},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)00941-H},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(94)00941-H},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {3},
	pages = {209--220},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:45:56},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)00941-H},
	volume = {197},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 113
@article{lucena1995departure,

	author = {Lucena, Liacir S. and da Silva, Luciano R. and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Departure from Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics makes the hydrogen-atom specific heat a computable quantity},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {The specific heat of the (nonionized) hydrogen atom in free space cannot be calculated within Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics essentially because its partition function diverges. We show that a recently introduced generalized formalism can overcome this difficulty for q<1 (the index q characterizes the statistics; Boltzmann-Gibbs corresponds to q=1).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281798},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.6247},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v51/i6/p6247},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v51/i6/p6247},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.51.6247},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {6247--6249},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:44:46},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.6247},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 114
@article{curilef1995specific,

	author = {{Curilef}, S. and {Tsallis}, C.},
	title = {Specific heat of the anisotropic rigid rotator within generalized statistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Within a recently generalized statistical mechanics, we have calculated
the specific heat of a classical and quantum anisotropic rigid rotator.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281788},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhyA..215..542C},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {542--555},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:43:48},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhyA..215..542C},
	volume = {215},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 115
@article{ramshaw1995entropy,

	author = {Ramshaw, John D.},
	title = {Entropy ambiguity in a system in equilibrium with a finite heat bath},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Plastino and Plastino [Phys. Lett. A 193 (1994) 140] have recently shown that the probability distribution for a system in equilibrium with a finite heat bath having a power-law density of states is given by the generalized canonical distribution of Tsallis [J. Stat. Phys. 52 (1988) 479]. Here we show that the entropy S of such a system is however ambiguous, and is not uniquely given by the Tsallis entropy (or its additive equivalent the R\'{e}nyi entropy). The ambiguity is due to the fact that the extension of the Boltzmann formula S = ln W to nonuniform probability distributions requires an additional postulate, which in the present context may be taken to be the definition of the entropy of the finite heat bath. Two reasonable alternative definitions D1 and D2 lead to the conventional Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy and the R\'{e}nyi entropy, respectively. Since the Tsallis distribution maximizes the R\'{e}nyi entropy, definition D2 preserves the entropy maximum principle, whereas D1 does not. The distinction between D1 and D2 vanishes for large heat baths, while small baths exhibit thermodynamic peculiarities such as unequal system and bath temperatures.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281782},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00033-Y},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00033-Y},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {2},
	pages = {122--125},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:42:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00033-Y},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 116
@article{ramshaw1995thermodynamic,

	author = {Ramshaw, John D.},
	title = {Thermodynamic stability conditions for the Tsallis and R\'{e}nyi entropies},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Thermodynamic stability conditions (TSCs) are derived for the Tsallis and R\'{e}nyi entropies. These entropies are monotonically increasing functions of each other, so their TSCs are completely equivalent although different in appearance. The TSC for the R\'{e}nyi entropy SqR is simply that SqR be a concave (convex) function of the mean energy E for q >; 0 (q < 0). This condition is not in general satisfied. The TSC for the Tsallis entropy SqT is then an immediate consequence of the nonlinear functional relation between SqT and SqR. Due to the nonlinearity, the resulting TSC for SqT is not simply related to the concavity (convexity) of SqT. The concavity properties of SqT are therefore not sufficient to guarantee thermodynamic stability.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281774},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00035-2},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00035-2},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {2},
	pages = {119--121},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:41:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00035-2},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 117
@article{nobre1995infiniterange,

	author = {Nobre, Fernando D. and Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Infinite-range Ising ferromagnet: Thermodynamic limit within Generalized Statistical Mechanics},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We first discuss, for a variety of similar systems, the physical need for departure from Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Then, we numerically discuss the infinite-range spin-1/2 Ising ferromagnet within the recently generalized statistical mechanics (canonical ensemble). Through the specific heat, we exhibit (for the first time, as far as we know, for an interacting system) that the thermodynamic limit is well defined.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281761},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)00231-H},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(94)00231-H},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {3},
	pages = {337--356},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:39:56},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)00231-H},
	volume = {213},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 118
@article{penna1995traveling,

	author = {Penna, T. J. P.},
	title = {Traveling salesman problem and Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {A generalization of the stochastic method of simulated annealing algorithm based on Tsallis statistics is proposed. This algorithm is considerably faster than the traditional ones in solving the traveling salesman problem. Acceptable solutions are found in fewer steps and higher temperatures than both the classical and the fast simulated annealings. Recent developments in solving NP-complete problems can be incorporated and improve the performance even more.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281754},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.R1},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v51/i1/pR1\_1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v51/i1/pR1\_1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.51.R1},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {R1--R3},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:38:55},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.R1},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 119
@article{raggio1995properties,

	author = {Raggio, G. A.},
	title = {Properties of q-entropies},
	journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281745},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {4785},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:37:51},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 120
@article{sarmento1995generalization,

	author = {{Sarmento}, E. F.},
	title = {Generalization of the single-site Callen identity within Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Within the framework of a generalized thermostatistics introduced by
Tsallis, we establish the generalization of the single-site Callen
identity. It is used to calculate the critical temperature of the Ising
ferromagnet within a consistently generalized mean field approximation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281734},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhyA..218..482S},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {482--486},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:36:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhyA..218..482S},
	volume = {218},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 121
@article{rajagopal1995exclusion,

	author = {Rajagopal, A. K.},
	title = {Exclusion statistics: density matrix and its implications},
	journal = {Physica B: Condensed Matter},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We obtain the density matrix associated with the Haldane exclusion statistics with parameter g in terms of the mean occupation number, . From this we obtain the second- and third-order fluctuations in the occupation numbers for arbitrary g. The von Neumann entropy is explicitly constructed. An elegant general duality relationship between the associated with the particle for a given g and that associated with that of the hole at the reciprocal g is deduced along with attendant relationship between the two respective entropies. This duality is more general than the one given in the literature, albeit equivalent to it in the special case of thermodynamic equilibrium. We also give similar results within the Tsallis entropy formalism which is expected to be useful when the particles are in nanostructures whose spatial dimensions are small compared to the range of interactions, and the system is not expected to be extensive.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281727},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00047-D},
	doi = {10.1016/0921-4526(95)00047-D},
	issn = {09214526},
	month = {aug},
	number = {3},
	pages = {309--314},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:35:44},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00047-D},
	volume = {212},

}

ref_id = 122
@article{rajagopal1995sobolev,

	author = {Rajagopal, A. K.},
	title = {The Sobolev inequality and the Tsallis entropic uncertainty relation},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281721},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {1},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:34:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	volume = {205},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 123
@inproceedings{tsallis1995derivation,

	author = {{Tsallis}, C. and {Souza}, A. M. C. {De} and {Maynard}, R.},
	title = {Derivation of L{\'e}vy-type anomalous superdiffusion from generalized statistical mechanics},
	booktitle = {L{\'e}vy Flights and Related Topics in Physics},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {The robustness and ubiquity of the macroscopic normal diffusion is well
known to be derivable within Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics. It
is essentially founded on (i) a variational principle applied to S = - f
dxp(x)ln[p(x)] with simple a priori constraints, and (ii) the central
limit theorem. Its basic characterization consists in the time evolution
\&lt; x<SUP>2</SUP> \&gt; \&prop; t. A recently generalized statistical
mechanics enables the extension of the same program in order to also
cover the long-tail L\&\#233;vy-like anomalous superdiffusion, a
phenomenon frequently encountered in Nature. By so doing, this formalism
succeeds where standard statistical mechanics and thermodynamics are
known to fail.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281706},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59222-9\_40},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995LNP...450..269T},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-59222-9\_40},
	editor = {{Shlesinger}, M. F. and {Zaslavsky}, G. M. and {Frisch}, U.},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {269--289},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:33:15},
	priority = {2},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Physics, Berlin Springer Verlag},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59222-9\_40},
	volume = {450},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 124
@article{prato1995generalized,

	author = {Prato, D.},
	title = {Generalized statistical mechanics: Extension of the Hilhorst formula and application to the classical ideal gas},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Within the framework of the Tsallis generalized statistical mechanics, by means of an integral representation of the gamma function in the complex plane, it is possible to find, following along the lines of the Hilhorst formula, a relationship between the q < 1 and q = 1 partition functions. We illustrate its usefulness through the calculation of the generalized specific heat of the classical ideal gas.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281703},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00370-I},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(95)00370-I},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {4},
	pages = {165--168},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:32:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00370-I},
	volume = {203},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 125
@article{tsallis1995generalization,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino and Barreto, F. C. S\'{a} and Loh, Edwin D.},
	title = {Generalization of the Planck radiation law and application to the cosmic microwave background radiation},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Within the framework of the recently introduced nonextensive statistical mechanics, we generalize the Planck law for the blackbody radiation. The generalized thermal spectrum contains an additional parameter q, for which q=1 in the Planck limit. For the cosmic microwave background radiation, we find a 95\% confidence limit of ‖q-1‖<3.6×10-5 from the data of Mather et al. [Astrophys. J. 420, 439 (1994)] that were obtained with the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, under the assumption that the internal reference of the apparatus has a Planck spectrum.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281690},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.1447},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v52/i2/p1447},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v52/i2/p1447},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.52.1447},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1447--1451},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:29:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.1447},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 126
@article{zanette1995thermodynamics,

	author = {Zanette, Dami\'{a}n H. and Alemany, Pablo A.},
	title = {Thermodynamics of Anomalous Diffusion},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {It is pointed out that the generalized statistical mechanics introduced by Tsallis [J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479 (1988)] provides a natural frame for developing a thermodynamical formalism of anomalous diffusion. Within such a frame, we calculate the mean square displacement as a function of time and generalize the Einstein relation of diffusivity and temperature for random walks of the L\'{e}vy-flight type.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281668},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.366},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v75/i3/p366},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v75/i3/p366},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.366},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {366--369},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:26:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.366},
	volume = {75},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 127
@article{tsallis1994nonextensive,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Nonextensive physics: a possible connection between generalized statistical mechanics and quantum groups},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {Two different formalisms have been recently developed for nonextensive physics, namely the generalized statistical mechanics and thermodynamics (characterized by q≠1) and the quantum groups (characterized by qG≠1). Through the discussion of the mean values of observables, we propose a (temperature dependent) connection between q and qG, and illustrate with bosonic oscillators.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281653},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90037-X},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(94)90037-X},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {5-6},
	pages = {329--334},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:24:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90037-X},
	volume = {195},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 128
@article{tsallis1994what,

	author = {Tsallis, C.},
	title = {What are the numbers that experiments provide},
	journal = {Quimica Nova},
	year = {1994},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281642},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {468},
	pages = {120},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:22:06},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 129
@article{plastino1994from,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A.},
	title = {From Gibbs microcanonical ensemble to Tsallis generalized canonical distribution},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {We derive the Tsallis generalized canonical distribution by recourse to considerations that originate in the traditional Gibbs microcanonical ensemble. The route to be followed has straightforward nature, and only invokes concepts that can be found in any undergraduate textbook on statistical mechanics. It is reasonable to claim, as a consequence, that the Tsallis generalized distribution admits a clear physical interpretation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281630},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90948-2},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(94)90948-2},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {2},
	pages = {140--143},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:21:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90948-2},
	volume = {193},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 130
@article{plastino1994information,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A.},
	title = {Information theory, approximate time dependent solutions of Boltzmann's equation and Tsallis' entropy},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {The Jaynes information theoretic philosophy, as applied by Levine, Balian, and others, to the quantal time evolution problem, is here adopted in order to propose an approximate scheme for tackling the Vlasov equation within the framework of the generalized statistical mechanics recently advanced by Tsallis. Our approach is able to reproduce exact solutions for time dependent models in galactic dynamics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281620},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90592-4},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(94)90592-4},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {3},
	pages = {251--258},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:20:03},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90592-4},
	volume = {193},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 131
@article{tsallis1996generalized,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino and Stariolo, Daniel A.},
	title = {Generalized simulated annealing},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We discuss and illustrate a new stochastic algorithm (generalized simulated annealing) for computationally finding the global minimum of a given (not necessarily convex) energy/cost function defined in a continuous D-dimensional space. This algorithm recovers, as particular cases, the so-called classical ( ” Boltzmann machine”) and fast ( ” Cauchy machine”) simulated annealings, and turns out to be quicker than both.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281609},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00271-3},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00271-3},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {395--406},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:18:53},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00271-3},
	volume = {233},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 132
@article{plastino1999classical,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {The classical N-body problem within a generalized statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The modifications that must be introduced within the framework of standard, classical N-body statistical mechanics techniques, in order to deal with the recently proposed generalized scenario of non-extensive statistical mechanics are discussed. A generalized version of the equipartition theorem is shown to hold. The ideal gas is revisited as a simple application.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8436552},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/17/008},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4470/27/17/008},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/27/17/008},
	issn = {0305-4470},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {17},
	pages = {5707+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:17:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/17/008},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 133
@article{plastino1994dynamical,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A.},
	title = {Dynamical aspects of Tsallis' entropy},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {The description of the temporal evolution of some physical systems is tackled from an information theory view-point in which Tsallis' entropy is extremalized with the constraints posed by the knowledge of the generalized expectation values of a selected set of observables. The concomitant Tsallis density operator is shown to be a particular solution of von Neumann's equation and Tsallis' entropy is seen to provide one with a constant of the motion. The pertinent ideas are illustrated with reference to the Larmor precession.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281571},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)90470-7},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(94)90470-7},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {438--448},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:14:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)90470-7},
	volume = {202},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 134
@article{chame1999fluctuationdissipation,

	author = {Chame, A. and de Mello, E. V. L.},
	title = {The fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the framework of the Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {In the framework of a generalized statistical mechanics introduced recently by Tsallis (1993), we derive a generalized form of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, which expresses a relation between extended susceptibilities and equilibrium fluctuations. To achieve this, we consistently propose a generalized functional form For the instantaneous distribution function. The present theorem recovers as particular cases the corresponding generalized relations already obtained for the specific heat in terms of the generalized energy fluctuations and for the susceptibility of a magnetic system under the action of a uniform magnetic field.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281554},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/11/016},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4470/27/11/016},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/27/11/016},
	issn = {0305-4470},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3663+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:12:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/11/016},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 135
@article{andrade1994remarks,

	author = {Andrade, R. F. S.},
	title = {Remarks on the behavior of the Ising chain in the generalized statistics},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {The behavior of the ising chain within Tsallis' generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is reanalyzed, taking into account a recently proposed connection between this theory and a generalized thermodynamics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281545},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)90011-6},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(94)90011-6},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {486--494},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:11:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)90011-6},
	volume = {203},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 136
@article{stariolo1994langevin,

	author = {{Stariolo}, D. A.},
	title = {The Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations in the framework of a generalized statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {We introduce generalized Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations that have
as stationary solution the distribution introduced by Tsallis in the
framework of a generalized statistical mechanics. We show that the
Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations preserve the classic form provided
we define a suitable generalized potential. As a by-product we obtain
one of the famous Einstein relations for the Brownian motion.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281538},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90613-0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1994PhLA..185..262S},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(94)90613-0},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {262--264},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:10:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90613-0},
	volume = {185},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 137
@article{alemany1994fractal,

	author = {Alemany, P. A. and Zanette, D. H.},
	title = {Fractal random walks from a variational formalism for Tsallis entropies},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {It is shown that random walks in which the set of visited points is a fractal emerge from a maximun entropy formalism applied to the generalized entropies introduced by Tsallis [J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479 (1988)], upon suitable constraints. This connection between fractals and Tsallis entropies suggests that the generalized statistical mechanics derived from the latter could provide a natural frame for studying fractally structured systems.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281531},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.49.R956},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v49/i2/pR956\_1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v49/i2/pR956\_1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.49.R956},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {R956--R958},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:08:37},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.49.R956},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 138
@inproceedings{aly1993minimum,

	author = {{Aly}, J. J.},
	title = {Minimum Energy / Maximum Entropy States of a Self-gravitating System},
	booktitle = {N-body Problems and Gravitational Dynamics},
	year = {1993},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281530},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993nbpg.conf...19A},
	editor = {{Combes}, F. and {Athanassoula}, E.},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {19--23},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:07:45},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993nbpg.conf...19A},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 139
@article{plastino1993variational,

	author = {Plastino, A. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Variational method in generalized statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical, Nuclear and General},
	year = {1993},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281523},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {18},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:06:29},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 140
@article{silva1993specific,

	author = {{Silva}, E. P. {Da} and {Tsallis}, C. and {Curado}, E. M. F.},
	title = {Specific heat of a free particle in a generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {We discuss some relevant properties within the framework of a recently
proposed generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. We then apply this
formalism to calculate the thermal dependence of the specific heat
associated with a free particle (\&epsilon;<SUB>n</SUB> = An<SUP>2</SUP>
+ B; A \&gt; 0). In addition to that, we calculate the classical limit
for a larger family of systems (\&epsilon;<SUB>n</SUB> = An<SUP>r</SUP> +
B; A, r \&gt; 0).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281511},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(93)90102-A},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993PhyA..199..137D},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(93)90102-A},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {137--153},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:05:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(93)90102-A},
	volume = {199},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 141
@article{buyukkilicc1993fractal,

	author = {B\"{u}y\"{u}kkili\c{c}, Fevzi and Demirham, Do\v{g}an},
	title = {A fractal approach to entropy and distribution functions},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {The spectrum of fractal dimensions Dq of non-interacting classical and quantum gases in non-equilibrium, whose states are described by the set of occupation numbers {n1, n2, …nK}, has been obtained. With this point of departure, the fractal inspired entropies of the related gases have beem deduced. The generalized non-exponential forms of the distribution functions have been found by the application of Boltzmann's H-theorem.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281504},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)91118-O},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(93)91118-O},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {1},
	pages = {24--28},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:04:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)91118-O},
	volume = {181},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 142
@article{ramshaw1993irreversibility,

	author = {Ramshaw, John D.},
	title = {Irreversibility and generalized entropies},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {The time evolution of the Tsallis (T) and Renyi (R) entropies for a discrete state space was recently analyzed by Mariz [Phys. Lett. A 165 (1992) 409] and Ramshaw [Phys. Lett. A 175 (1993) 169] based on the master equation. Here we perform a corresponding analysis for a continuous state space \"{I} in which the probability distribution \"{I}±(\"{I}, t) obeys the generalized Liouville equation. For this purpose it is necessary to formulate properly covariant generalizations of the T and R entropies in terms of \"{I}±(\"{I}, t). We show that if the microscopic dynamics is reversible in the Poincar\'{e}-Lyapunov sense (i.e., D(\"{I})=0, where D(\"{I}) is the covariant divergence of the flow velocity in state space) then both the T and R entropies are constant in time, just like the conventional entropy. The T and R entropies are therefore not intrinsically irreversible. These results are obtained as special cases of a more general result: if D(\"{I})=0 then for any entropy functional S[\"{I}±(\"{I})] for which , where \^{I}³(\"{I}) is the determinant of the metric tensor in state space and the function f is arbitrary.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281495},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90821-G},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(93)90821-G},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {171--172},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:03:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90821-G},
	volume = {175},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 143
@article{ramshaw1993htheorems,

	author = {{Ramshaw}, J. D.},
	title = {H-theorems for the Tsallis and Renyi entropies},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {Mariz [Phys. Lett. A 165 (1992) 409] recently analyzed the time
evolution of the Tsallis entropy S<SUB>q</SUB><SUP>T</SUP> and the Renyi
entropy S<SUB>q</SUB><SUP>R</SUP> based on the master equation and the
assumption of detailed balance. Mariz restricted attention to situations
where the equilibrium probability distribution is uniform, for which he
showed that dS<SUB>q</SUB><SUP>T</SUP>/dt and
dS<SUB>q</SUB><SUP>R</SUP>/dt have the same sign as the parameter q.
Here we show that these results continue to hold in the absence of
detailed balance. We also present the generalization to cases with
nonuniform equilibrium distributions, for which it is necessary to
appropriately redefine the entropy relative to equilibrium.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281485},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90820-P},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993PhLA..175..169R},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(93)90820-P},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {169--170},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:02:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90820-P},
	volume = {175},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 144
@article{plastino1993tsallis,

	author = {{Plastino}, A. R. and {Plastino}, A.},
	title = {Tsallis' entropy, Ehrenfest theorem and information theory},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {We derive the information theory form of the quantum statistical
operator that reproduces all available (generalized) expectation values
and extremalizes the entropy functional proposed by Tsallis. We also
demonstrate that a generalized Euler equation relates Tsallis' entropy
to the relevant expectation values and to the pertinent Lagrange
multipliers. These expectation values are seen to obey the Ehrenfest
theorem. Additionally, an appropriate generalization of Jaynes' equation
allows one to obtain the Lagrange multipliers from the (input)
expectation values.<p/>

Fellow of the National Research Council (CONICET) of Argentina.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281474},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90021-Q},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1993PhLA..177..177P},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(93)90021-Q},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {177--179},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:01:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90021-Q},
	volume = {177},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 145
@article{plastino1993stellar,

	author = {Plastino, A. R. and Plastino, A.},
	title = {Stellar polytropes and Tsallis' entropy},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1993},

	abstract = {It is shown that recourse to Tsallis' generalized entropy makes it possible to find sensible distribution functions for stellar polytropes, while that of Boltzmann yields unphysical distributions. Additionally, some constraints are imposed on Tsallis' entropy.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281466},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90195-6},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(93)90195-6},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {5-6},
	pages = {384--386},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 12:00:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90195-6},
	volume = {174},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 146
@article{mariz1992irreversible,

	author = {Mariz, Ananias M.},
	title = {On the irreversible nature of the Tsallis and Renyi entropies},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {1992},

	abstract = {We prove that the detailed balance hypothesis (i.e., Aij=Aji, where {Aij} are the transition probabilities, per unit time, between any two microscopic configurations i and j) implies irreversibility of both the recently introduced Tsallis entropy STq≡ [k/(q−1)](1−\^{I}{\pounds}wi=1Pqi) as well as the Renyi entropy . More precisely, for q>0, Q=0and q <0 we have respectively DS/dt\^{a}{\copyright}¾0, dS/dt=0 anddS/dt\^{a}{\copyright}½0 (S=STq,SRq), where the equality hold for equilibrium.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281454},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(92)90339-N},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(92)90339-N},
	issn = {03759601},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {5-6},
	pages = {409--411},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:58:56},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(92)90339-N},
	volume = {165},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 147
@article{andrade1991ising,

	author = {{Andrade}, R. F. S.},
	title = {Ising chain in the generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics},
	journal = {Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1991},

	abstract = {The partition function and specific heat of the Ising chain are
evaluated in a generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The
extensivity and the influence of the ground state energy in the
thermodynamical properties are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281445},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(91)90407-4},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1991PhyA..175..285A},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4371(91)90407-4},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {285--292},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:57:45},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(91)90407-4},
	volume = {175},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 148
@article{ito1989specific,

	author = {Ito, N. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Specific heat of the harmonic oscillator within generalized equilibrium statistics},
	journal = {Il Nuovo Cimento D},
	year = {1989},

	abstract = {Within the generalized equilibrium statistics recently introduced by Tsallis ( p n ∝[1−β( q −-1) \&epsilon;n ] 1/( q −) ), we calculate the thermal dependence of the specific heat corresponding to a harmonic-oscillator-like spectrum, namely \&epsilon; n ω( n −α) (∀ω\&gt;0, n =0,1,2,...). The influences of q and α are exhibited. Physically inaccessible and/or thermally frozen gaps are obtained in the low-temperature region, and, for q \&gt;1, oscillations are observed in the high-temperature region. The specific heat of the two-level system is also shown.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281436},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455297},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/x57520267n24l8t6},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02455297},
	issn = {0392-6737},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {6},
	pages = {907--911},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:56:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Italian Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455297},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 149
@article{curado1999generalized,

	author = {Curado, E. M. F. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Generalized statistical mechanics: connection with thermodynamics},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The authors show the manner through which the recent generalization by Tsallis (1988) of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics becomes consistent with a generalized thermodynamics preserving the Legendre-transformation framework of standard thermodynamics. In addition to that they generalize the Shannon additivity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10994443},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/24/2/004},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4470/24/2/004},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/24/2/004},
	issn = {0305-4470},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {2},
	pages = {L69+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:55:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/24/2/004},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 150
@article{vanel1997risetime,

	author = {Vanel, Loic and Rosato, Anthony D. and Dave, Rajesh N.},
	title = {Rise-Time Regimes of a Large Sphere in Vibrated Bulk Solids},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {We report experiments on the rise time T of a single large sphere within a sinusoidally vibrated bed (amplitude a) of uniform particles (diameter d). At fixed acceleration, we identify three distinct behavioral regimes both from visual observations and from the typical increase of T with frequency f. We observe two convective regimes separated by a critical frequency and, for low a and high f, a  ” nonconvective” regime. In the latter, the bed crystallizes and a size dependent rise is evidenced. We show the relevance of the nondimensional parameter a/d and deduce a scaling law of the form f∝d-1/2.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281382},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1255},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v78/i7/p1255},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v78/i7/p1255},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1255},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {1255--1258},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:44:45},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1255},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 151
@book{veje1995density,

	author = {Veje, C. T.},
	title = {Density fluctuations in a granular flow},
	publisher = {University of Copenhagen. The Niels Bohr Institute},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281373},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://books.google.nl/books?id=ulY2YAAACAAJ},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:42:58},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://books.google.nl/books?id=ulY2YAAACAAJ},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 152
@article{vanel1999pressure_1,

	author = {Vanel, L. and Cl\'{e}ment, E.},
	title = {Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {We report sets of precise and reproducible measurements on the static pressure at the bottom of a granular column. We make a quantitative analysis of the pressure saturation when the column height is increased. We evidence a great sensitivity of the measurements with the global packing fraction and the eventual presence of shear bands at the boundaries. We also show the limit of the classical Janssen model and discuss these experimental results under the scope of recently proposed theoretical frameworks.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2747282},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050965},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/tvylfrhe3l8711kq},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050965},
	issn = {1434-6028},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {3},
	pages = {525--533},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:34:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050965},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 153
@article{van1999cahnhilliard,

	author = {van Noije, T. P. C. and Ernst, M. H.},
	title = {Cahn-Hilliard Theory for Unstable Granular Flows},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {A Cahn-Hilliard-type theory for hydrodynamic fluctuations is proposed that
gives a quantitative description of the slowly evolving spatial correlations
and structures in density and flow fields in the early stages of evolution of
freely cooling granular fluids. Two mechanisms for pattern selection and
structure formation are identified: unstable modes leading to density
clustering (compare spinodal decomposition), and selective noise reduction
(compare peneplanation in structural geology) leading to vortex structures. As
time increases, the structure factor for the density field develops a maximum,
which shifts to smaller wave numbers. This corresponds to an approximately
diffusively growing length scale for density clusters. The spatial velocity
correlations exhibit algebraic decay \$\sim r^{-d}\$ on intermediate length
scales. The theoretical predictions for spatial correlation functions and
structure factors agree well with molecular dynamics simulations of a system of
inelastic hard disks.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281305},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9907012},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9907012},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1765},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1765},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9907012},
	issn = {1063-651X},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1765--1782},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:32:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1765},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 154
@misc{vanel1999effects,


	abstract = {We report experiments on cohesionless granular piles to determine the effect
of construction history on the static stress distribution. The stresses beneath
the piles are monitored using a very sensitive capacitive technique. The piles
are formed either by release of granular material from a relatively small
output (localized source), or from a large diameter sieve (homogeneous rain).
The stress profiles resulting from localized source inputs have a clear stress
dip near the center of the pile while the results from an homogeneous rain show
no stress dip. We also show that the stress profiles scale simply with the pile
height. Experiments on wedges-shaped piles show the same effects but to a
lesser degree.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Vanel, Loic and Howell, Daniel and Clark, D. and Behringer, R. P. and Cl\'{e}ment, Eric},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281233},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9906321},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9906321},
	day = {21},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9906321},
	old_keywords = {mateusz, s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:22:19},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Effects of construction history on the stress distribution under a sand pile},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9906321},
	year = {1999},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 155
@misc{vazquez1999force_1,


	abstract = {Force fluctuations in granular materials are investigated. A continuum
equation is derived starting from a discrete model proposed in the literature.
The influence of boundary conditions is investigated. For periodic boundary
conditions the average weight is found to increase linearly with depth while it
saturates to a constant value for absorbing boundary conditions, which models
the existence of walls. The scale dependencies of the saturation weight, the
saturation depth and the average squared fluctuations are obtained. The
analytical results are compared with previous works and with numerical
simulations in one dimension.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	author = {Vazquez, Alexei and Marin-Antu\~{n}a, Jose and Sotolongo-Costa, O.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281227},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9903282},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9903282},
	day = {15},
	eprint = {cond-mat/9903282},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:21:21},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Force fluctuations in granular materials},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9903282},
	year = {1999},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 156
@article{van1999randomly_1,

	author = {van Noije, T. P. C. and Ernst, M. H. and Trizac, E. and Pagonabarraga, I.},
	title = {Randomly driven granular fluids: {L}arge scale structure},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {11117510},
	old_keywords = {fluid, granular, structure},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:19:02},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		fluid,
		granular,
		structure,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 157
@article{vuquoc0000accurate_1,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, Loc and Zhang, Xiang},
	title = {An accurate and efficient tangential force-displacement model for elastic frictional contact in particle-flow simulations},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {11116147},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-48CPFT3-H/2/11c6b8453430cb13f65fbcc2dd47b963},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6636(98)00064-7},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-6636(98)00064-7},
	old_keywords = {chute, contact, discrete, elasticity, flow, force, friction, incomplete, incomplete\_w\_doi, jin, model, particle, statistics, suns, tangent, validation},
	number = {4},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:18:00},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-48CPFT3-H/2/11c6b8453430cb13f65fbcc2dd47b963},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		chute,
		contact,
		discrete,
		elasticity,
		flow,
		force,
		friction,
		jin,
		model,
		particle,
		statistics,
		suns,
		tangent,
		validation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 158
@article{verlet1967computer_1,

	author = {Verlet, Loup},
	title = {Computer "Experiments" on Classical Fluids. I. Thermodynamical Properties of Lennard-Jones Molecules},
	journal = {Physical Review Online Archive (Prola)},
	year = {1967},

	abstract = {The equation of motion of a system of 864 particles interacting through a Lennard-Jones potential has been integrated for various values of the temperature and density, relative, generally, to a fluid state. The equilibrium properties have been calculated and are shown to agree very well with the corresponding properties of argon. It is concluded that, to a good approximation, the equilibrium state of argon can be described through a two-body potential.},
	citeulike-article-id = {1872417},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.159.98},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PR/v159/i1/p98},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PR/v159/i1/p98},
	day = {5},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.159.98},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding, verlet},
	month = {jul},
	number = {1},
	pages = {98--103},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:14:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.159.98},
	volume = {159},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		verlet,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 159
@article{stariolo1995optimization,

	author = {Stariolo, D. A. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Optimization by simulated annealing: Recent progress},
	journal = {Annual Reviews of Computational Physics},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {11281159},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {343},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:11:55},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 160
@article{hamity1996generalized,

	author = {Hamity, Victor H. and Barraco, Daniel E.},
	title = {Generalized Nonextensive Thermodynamics Applied to the Cosmic Background Radiation in a Robertson-Walker Universe},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Statistical mechanics is useful to introduce generalizations of standard thermodynamics through the generalization of the entropy and other state functions. Along these lines the Tsallis nonextensive and the Bergmann group symmetric generalizations have proven to be very useful. We combine both formalisms to describe the nonextensive thermostatistics in a relativistic setting. We obtain the generalized forms of the first and second laws of thermodynamics for reversible processes, and apply the resulting theory to the cosmic blackbody radiation in a Robertson-Walker model of the Universe. We show that the temperature of the cosmic blackbody radiation varies as the inverse of the scale factor of the Universe, and is independent of the degree of nonextensivity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281114},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4664},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v76/i25/p4664},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v76/i25/p4664},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4664},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {4664--4666},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:06:35},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4664},
	volume = {76},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 161
@article{tsallis1988possible,

	author = {Tsallis, Constantino},
	title = {Possible generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics},
	journal = {J. Statist. Phys.},
	year = {1988},

	abstract = {
The author introduces a quantity normally scaled in multifractals for the
generalization of entropy in information theory and postulates the form
\$S\_q\equiv k\lbrack 1-\sum^W\_{i=1}p^q\_i\rbrack/(q-1)\$, where \$q\$ is any real
number, \$p\_i\$ is the probability associated with event \$i\$ and \$k\$ is a
conventional positive constant. The entropy \$S\_q\$ reduces to the standard
form in the limit \$q\to1\$. Within the scheme of the microcanonical ensemble,
\$S\_q\$ is extremal for all values of \$q\$ in the case of equiprobability. The
usual Boltzmann expression is recovered for \$q\to1\$. Furthermore, a generalized
canonical distribution is obtained when there are additional constraints such
as a generalized energy spectrum and generalized internal energy. This
distribution also reduces to the well-known Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics for
\$q\to1\$.},
	citeulike-article-id = {846562},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=968597},
	old_keywords = {entropy, s\_luding},
	mrnumber = {MR968597},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {479--487},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:03:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=968597},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		entropy,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 162
@article{rajagopal1996dynamic,

	author = {{Rajagopal}, A. K.},
	title = {Dynamic Linear Response Theory for a Nonextensive System Based on the Tsallis Prescription},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We develop here a dynamic linear response theory of many-body
nonextensive systems based on the maximization of the Tsallis entropy
associated with the density matrix and the concomitant suitably defined
mean total energy, number, etc., where the averaging is over the qth
power of the density matrix, q being a parameter characterizing the
nonextensivity. This formulation is shown to preserve causality
(Kramers-Kronig), time reversal, and Onsager reciprocity, while a
different form of fluctuation-dissipation theorem is obtained. The
traditional theory for extensive systems is obtained in the special case
where q = 1.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281081},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3469},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1996PhRvL..76.3469R},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3469},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {3469--3473},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:02:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3469},
	volume = {76},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 163
@article{tsallis1995statisticalmechanical,

	author = {{Tsallis}, C. and {Levy}, S. V. F. and {Souza}, A. M. C. and {Maynard}, R.},
	title = {Statistical-mechanical foundation of the ubiquity of L{\'e}vy distributions in Nature},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We show that the use of the recently proposed thermostatistics based on
the generalized entropic form
S<SUB>q</SUB>\&equiv;k(1-\&sum;<SUP>q</SUP><SUB>ipi</SUB>)/(q-1) (where
q\&isin;R, with q=1 corresponding to the Boltzmann- Gibbs-Shannon entropy
-k\&sum;<SUB>ipi</SUB> ln p<SUB>i</SUB>), together with the
L\&\#233;vy-Gnedenko generalization of the central limit theorem,
provide a basic step towards the understanding of why L\&\#233;vy
distributions are ubiquitous in nature. A consistent experimental
verification is proposed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281077},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3589},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1995PhRvL..75.3589T},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3589},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {3589--3593},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 11:00:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3589},
	volume = {75},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 164
@article{boghosian1996thermodynamic,

	author = {Boghosian, Bruce M.},
	title = {Thermodynamic description of the relaxation of two-dimensional turbulence using Tsallis statistics},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {Two-dimensional Euler turbulence and drift turbulence in a pure-electron plasma column have been experimentally observed to relax to metaequilibrium states that do not maximize the Boltzmann entropy, but rather seem to minimize enstrophy. We show that a recent generalization of thermodynamics and statistics due to Tsallis [  Phys. Lett. A 195 329 (1994);   J. Stat. Phys. 52 479 (1988)] is capable of explaining this phenomenon in a natural way. In particular, the maximization of the generalized entropy Sq with q=1/2 for the pure-electron plasma column leads to precisely the same profiles predicted by the restricted minimum enstrophy theory of Huang and Driscoll   Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 2187 (1994). These observations make possible the construction of a comprehensive thermodynamic description of two-dimensional turbulence.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281074},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4754},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v53/i5/p4754},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v53/i5/p4754},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4754},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {4754--4763},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 10:58:05},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4754},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 165
@article{jund1995crossover,

	author = {Jund, P. and Kim, S. G. and Tsallis, C.},
	title = {Crossover from extensive to nonextensive behavior driven by long-range interactions},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We determine, through numerical energy optimization, the fundamental-state energy E associated with an extended model for ferrofluids (colloidal suspension of magnetic particles assumed to form rings of N dipoles). The extension consists in generalizing, into 1/rα (0≤α), a standard 1/r6 contribution to the attrative potential. We show that E∝N, N lnN, or N2-α, respectively, for α>1, α=1, or 0≤α<1. In addition, a connection with generalized statistical mechanics is conjecturally proposed and the analogy with the d=2 XY ferromagnet is exhibited.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11281067},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.52.50},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v52/i1/p50},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRB/v52/i1/p50},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.52.50},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {50--53},
	posted-at = {2012-09-20 10:55:54},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.52.50},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 166
@article{yimsiri2010analysis,

	author = {Yimsiri, S. and Soga, K.},
	title = {DEM analysis of soil fabric effects on behaviour of sand},
	journal = {G{\'{e}}otechnique},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239340},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {6},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:30:30},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Ice Virtual Library},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 167
@article{maxwell1864calculation,

	author = {Maxwell, J. C.},
	title = {On the calculation of the equilibrium and stiffness of frames},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine},
	year = {1864},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239337},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {182},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:27:47},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 168
@article{mindlin1953elastic_1,

	author = {Mindlin, R. D. and Deresiewicz, H.},
	title = {Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces},
	journal = {J. of Appl. Mech.},
	year = {1953},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239283},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:17:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 169
@article{hertz1882uber_1,

	author = {Hertz, H.},
	title = {Uber die Ber{\"{u}}hrung fester elastischer K{\"{o}}rper},
	journal = {Journal f{\"{u}}r die reine und angewandte Mathematik},
	year = {1882},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239274},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {156-171},
	pages = {22},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:16:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {92},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 170
@book{spencer1980continuum,

	author = {Spencer, A. J. M.},
	title = {Continuum mechanics},
	publisher = {Dover Pubns},
	year = {1980},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239251},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:13:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 171
@article{la2012contact,

	author = {La Ragione, Luigi and Magnanimo, Vanessa},
	title = {Contact anisotropy and coordination number for a granular assembly: A comparison of distinct-element-method simulations and theory},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239178},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	pages = {031304},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:03:50},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	volume = {85},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 172
@article{masanobu197203initial,

	author = {Masanobu, Oda},
	title = {INITIAL FABRICS AND THEIR RELATIONS TO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRANULAR MATERIAL},
	journal = {Soil and foundation},
	year = {1972-03},

	citeulike-article-id = {11239159},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006151457/en/},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {1},
	pages = {17--36},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 14:01:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {The Japanese Geotechnical Society},
	url = {http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006151457/en/},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 173
@article{magnanimo2008characterizing,

	author = {Magnanimo, V. and La Ragione, L. and Jenkins, J. T. and Wang, P. and Makse, H. A.},
	title = {Characterizing the shear and bulk moduli of an idealized granular material},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {Physical experiments on wave propagation on granular material control two macroscopic parameters that are assumed to characterize the response of a given assembly: the isotropic pressure  p 0  and the solid volume fraction  . Here, by means of numerical simulation, we investigate the effect of the coordination number   (the average number of contacts per particle) and the fluctuation of the number of contacts per particle  Z '. We adopt a numerical protocol to create several initial packings characterized by the same volume fraction and, for a given isotropic pressure, we are able to obtain different coordination numbers. That is, pressure and coordination number, for a given volume fraction, are independent. The result is that packings with fixed volume fraction and isotropic pressure exhibit a different elastic response. We attribute this behavior only to the coordination number as we find, surprisingly, that   is linked to  Z '.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11239125},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/81/34006},
	day = {03},
	doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/81/34006},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {34006+},
	posted-at = {2012-09-13 13:57:43},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/81/34006},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 174
@phdthesis{yunus2009discrete,

	author = {Yunus, M. and Radzi, M.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling of particulate flow in die filling and powder transfer},
	school = {Swansea University},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {11160869},
	old_keywords = {dosing},
	posted-at = {2012-08-31 10:01:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		dosing,
	},

}

ref_id = 175
@article{staron2006granular,

	author = {Staron, Lydie and Radjai, Farhang and Vilotte, Jean-Pierre},
	title = {Granular micro-structure and avalanche precursors},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {We perform 2D numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of the internal state of a granular slope driven towards the stability limit. We first identify precursors of the avalanche and relate them to the intermittent mobilization of friction forces between the grains. Analysing the details of the micro-structure, namely the distribution of friction forces and the stress state at different scales, we give evidence of the existence of a preavalanche interval in which the micro-structure undergoes a sharp modification. Higher probability of precursors and the modification of the micro-structure occur in coincidence. The latter is discussed in terms of slope metastability and of the possible emergence of long-range correlations at the approach of the stability limit.},
	citeulike-article-id = {781285},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07014},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-5468/2006/07/P07014},
	day = {31},
	doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07014},
	issn = {1742-5468},
	old_keywords = {friction, ref2},
	month = {jul},
	number = {07},
	pages = {P07014+},
	posted-at = {2012-08-31 09:58:48},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07014},
	volume = {2006},

	keywords = {
		friction,
	},

}

ref_id = 176
@article{ocallaghan1962some,

	author = {O'Callaghan, J. R.},
	title = {Some experiments on the intake process in a vertical screw conveyor. J. agric},
	journal = {Engng. Res},
	year = {1962},

	citeulike-article-id = {11149090},
	old_keywords = {auger, conveyors, dosing, screw},
	number = {4},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 16:19:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		auger,
		conveyor,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 177
@article{roberts1962performance,

	author = {Roberts, A. W. and Willis, A. H.},
	title = {Performance of Grain Augers},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers},
	year = {1962},

	abstract = {With the growing increase in the bulk handling of grain, the grain-auger type elevator is now being widely used. While some theoretical analyses of the grain auger have been made and performance data for particular size augers have been obtained, little information is available for general design purposes. This work, which is based on an experimental approach, is aimed at producing such information. The investigation has been carried out using a small scale model auger which allowed a comprehensive range of tests to be conducted on a more manageable basis},
	citeulike-article-id = {11149080},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/PIME\_PROC\_1962\_176\_021\_02},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pme.sagepub.com/content/176/1/165.abstract},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://pme.sagepub.com/content/176/1/165.full.pdf},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1243/PIME\_PROC\_1962\_176\_021\_02},
	issn = {0020-3483},
	old_keywords = {auger, dosing, screw},
	month = {jun},
	number = {1},
	pages = {165--194},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 16:16:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/PIME\_PROC\_1962\_176\_021\_02},
	volume = {176},

	keywords = {
		auger,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 178
@article{stevens1962performance,

	author = {Stevens, G. N.},
	title = {Performance tests on experimental auger conveyors},
	journal = {J. agric. Engng Res},
	year = {1962},

	citeulike-article-id = {11149077},
	old_keywords = {auger, conveyors, dosing},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 16:14:22},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		auger,
		conveyor,
		dosing,
	},

}

ref_id = 179
@article{ghosh1967conveyance,

	author = {Ghosh, B. N.},
	title = {Conveyance of wet parchment coffee beans by an auger},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	year = {1967},

	abstract = {Published literature on auger conveyors indicates that they have been used mostly for dry material, while in the present application wet drained coffee beans between 42–54\% m.c. (w.b.) were successfully conveyed; the apparatus and methods used are described. An associated problem of skin-damage to the beans during conveyance was also eliminated by lining the auger flight with a polyethylene tube. For a given auger, capacity is found to be influenced by speed and angle of elevation. Delivery of wet coffee beans ceased at 42° and above from horizontal, a value equivalent to the angle of repose at the wet stage and nearly equal to the angle of friction of wet coffee on various materials of construction. The maximum volumetric efficiencies for the auger are obtained at the lower speeds and angles of elevation. The method of skin-drying the beans during conveyance is not practicable due to the short time of contact with hot air, even at the relatively low speeds of 70 rev/min.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11149021},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8634(67)80046-5},
	doi = {10.1016/S0021-8634(67)80046-5},
	issn = {00218634},
	old_keywords = {conveyance, dosing},
	month = {dec},
	number = {4},
	pages = {274--280},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 15:56:44},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8634(67)80046-5},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		convey,
		dosing,
	},

}

ref_id = 180
@article{roberts1999influence,

	author = {Roberts, A. W.},
	title = {The influence of granular vortex motion on the volumetric performance of enclosed screw conveyors},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {This paper is concerned with the volumetric performance of enclosed screw conveyors with particular reference to the influence of vortex motion. Vortex motion arises as a result of internal friction, friction between the granular material and surface of the helical blade, and the infinitely variable helix angle of the helical flight from the outer periphery of the blade to the shaft. The vortex motion, together with the degree of fill, govern the volumetric efficiency and, hence, the volumetric throughput. An analysis of the vortex motion in vertical or steeply inclined screw or auger conveyors is presented. It is shown the vortex motion is characterised by the tangential component of the absolute grain velocity being substantially constant with the radial position of a point on the blade. On this basis, an expression for the volumetric efficiency is derived. The volumetric throughput can then be predicted. The paper also presents results from an experimental screw conveyor where it is shown that the analytical predictions correlate very closely to the measured results.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11149007},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00039-X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00039-X},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {conveyor, dosing, screw},
	month = {aug},
	number = {1},
	pages = {56--67},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 15:52:36},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00039-X},
	volume = {104},

	keywords = {
		convey,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 181
@article{yu1997theoretical,

	author = {Yu, Y. and Arnold, P. C.},
	title = {Theoretical modelling of torque requirements for single screw feeders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {In the design or selection of a screw feeder the torque requirement is a principal parameter which is related to the feeder loads, properties of the bulk solid and constructional features of the screw. In this paper the load which is imposed on a screw feeder by the bulk solid in the hopper is assumed to be the flow load determined on the basis of the major consolidation stress. Five boundaries around the bulk material within a pitch are considered and forces acting on these surfaces are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the pressure distribution on the lower region of the screw. An analytical solution for the calculation of torque is determined, which allows the torque characteristics of screw feeders to be predicted. Experimental studies on the required torque for screw feeders are also reported. Two types of material, three troughs with different inside diameter and two screws with different configurations have been investigated. The results from the experiments are presented and compared with the theoretical predictions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11148830},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03265-8},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03265-8},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {dosing, feeder, screw},
	month = {oct},
	number = {2},
	pages = {151--162},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 14:13:55},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03265-8},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		dosing,
		feeder,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 182
@inproceedings{bortolamasi2001design,

	author = {Bortolamasi, M. and Fottner, J.},
	title = {Design and sizing of screw feeders},
	booktitle = {Proc. Partec 2001, Int. Congress for Particle Technology},
	year = {2001},

	citeulike-article-id = {11148788},
	old_keywords = {design, dosing, screw},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 13:42:12},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 183
@article{owen2009prediction,

	author = {Owen, P. J. and Cleary, P. W.},
	title = {Prediction of screw conveyor performance using the Discrete Element Method (DEM)},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {Screw conveyors are used extensively in agriculture and industry for transporting and/or elevating bulk materials over short to medium distances. They are very effective conveying devices for dry particulate solids, giving good control over the throughput. Despite their apparent simplicity, the mechanics of the transportation action is very complex and designers have tended to rely heavily on empirical performance data. The performance of a screw conveyor is affected by the operating conditions, such as: the rotational speed of the screw; the inclination of the screw conveyor; and the volumetric fill level of the bulk material. In this paper we examine how these operating conditions influence the performance of a screw conveyor by applying the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate a single-pitch screw conveyor with periodic boundary conditions. The DEM modelling gives predictions of screw conveyor performance in terms of variations of: particle speeds, mass flow rate, energy dissipation and power consumption, due to changes in the operating conditions. Screw conveyors are used in agriculture and industry for transporting or elevating dry particulates. Despite their apparent simplicity, the transportation action is very complex and designers have tended to rely heavily on empirical performance data. DEM is used here to predict screw conveyor performance (particle speeds, mass flow rates, energy dissipation and power consumption) due to changes in orientation, fill level and rotation rate.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11148688},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.012},
	doi = {10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.012},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {conveyance, dem, dosing, prediction, screw},
	month = {aug},
	number = {3},
	pages = {274--288},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 12:34:53},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.012},
	volume = {193},

	keywords = {
		convey,
		dem,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 184
@article{cleary2007modelling,

	author = {Cleary, Paul W.},
	title = {DEM modelling of particulate flow in a screw feeder Model description},
	journal = {Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal},
	year = {2007},

	citeulike-article-id = {11148685},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2007.013005},
	doi = {10.1504/PCFD.2007.013005},
	issn = {1468-4349},
	old_keywords = {dem, dosing, screw},
	number = {2/3/4},
	pages = {128+},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 12:29:55},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2007.013005},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 185
@article{owen2010screw,

	author = {Owen, Philip J. and Cleary, Paul W.},
	title = {Screw conveyor performance: comparison of discrete element modelling with laboratory experiments},
	journal = {Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {11148684},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2010.035366},
	doi = {10.1504/PCFD.2010.035366},
	issn = {1468-4349},
	old_keywords = {conveying, dem, dosing, screw},
	number = {5/6},
	pages = {327+},
	posted-at = {2012-08-28 12:28:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2010.035366},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		dosing,
		screw,
	},

}

ref_id = 186
@article{mavsin2012asymptotic,

	author = {Ma\v{s}\'{\i}n, D.},
	title = {Asymptotic behaviour of granular materials},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {11071849},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	number = {Under review},
	posted-at = {2012-08-16 13:54:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 187
@inproceedings{luding2004micromacro_1,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Micro-Macro Models for Anisotropic Granular Media},
	booktitle = {Modelling of Cohesive-Frictional Materials},
	year = {2004},

	address = {Leiden, Netherlands},
	citeulike-article-id = {11071782},
	comment = {(ISBN 04 1536 023 4)},
	editor = {Vermeer, P. A. and Ehlers, W. and Herrmann, H. J. and Ramm, E.},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, biaxial, continnumm, database\_sluding, dem, s\_luding, shear, simulation, test, theory},
	pages = {195--206},
	posted-at = {2012-08-16 13:07:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Balkema},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		continuum,
		databaseluding,
		dem,
		hardcopyluding,
		shear,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 188
@article{alonsomarroquin2005role_1,

	author = {Alonso-Marroqu\'{\i}n, F. and Luding, S. and Herrmann, H. J. and Vardoulakis, I.},
	title = {Role of anisotropy in the elastoplastic response of a polygonal packing},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {We study the effect of the anisotropy induced by loading on the elastoplastic response of a two dimensional discrete element model granular material. The anisotropy of the contact network leads to a breakdown of the linear isotropic elasticity. We report on a linear dependence of the Young moduli and Poisson ratios on the fabric coefficients, measuring the anisotropy of the contact network. The resulting nonassociated plastic flow rule and the linear relationship between dilatancy and stress ratio are discussed in terms of several existing models. We propose a paradigm for understanding soil plasticity, based on the correlation between the plastic flow rule and the induced anisotropy on the subnetwork of sliding contacts.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11071665},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051304},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/i5/e051304},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v71/i5/e051304},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051304},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	pages = {051304-1--18},
	posted-at = {2012-08-16 12:00:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051304},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 189
@article{luding2009towards,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Towards dense, realistic granular media in 2D},
	journal = {Nonlinearity},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {The development of an applicable theory for granular matter—with both qualitative and quantitative value—is a challenging prospect, given the multitude of states, phases and (industrial) situations it has to cover. Given the general balance equations for mass, momentum and energy, the limiting case of dilute and almost elastic granular gases, where kinetic theory works perfectly well, is the starting point. In most systems, low density co-exists with  very high density , where the latter is an open problem for kinetic theory. Furthermore, many additional nonlinear phenomena and material properties are important in realistic granular media, involving, e.g.:   (i) multi-particle interactions and elasticity  (ii) strong dissipation,  (iii) friction,  (iv) long-range forces and wet contacts,  (v) wide particle size distributions and  (vi) various particle shapes.   Note that, while some of these issues are more relevant for high density, others are important for both low and high densities; some of them can be dealt with by means of kinetic theory, some cannot. This paper is a review of recent progress towards more realistic models for dense granular media in 2D, even though most of the observations, conclusions and corrections given are qualitatively true also in 3D. Starting from an elastic, frictionless and monodisperse hard sphere gas, the (continuum) balance equations of mass, momentum and energy are given. The equation of state, the (Navier–Stokes level) transport coefficients and the energy-density dissipation rate are considered. Several corrections are applied to those constitutive material laws—one by one—in order to account for the realistic physical effects and properties listed above.},
	citeulike-article-id = {6111503},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/22/12/R01},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0951-7715/22/12/R01},
	day = {13},
	doi = {10.1088/0951-7715/22/12/R01},
	issn = {0951-7715},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	number = {12},
	pages = {R101--R146},
	posted-at = {2012-08-16 11:53:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/22/12/R01},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 190
@article{luding2011criticalstate,

	author = {Luding, S. and Alonso-Marroqu\'{\i}n, F.},
	title = {The critical-state yield stress (termination locus) of adhesive powders from a single numerical experiment},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	abstract = {Dry granular materials in a split-bottom ring shear cell geometry show wide shear bands under slow, quasi-static, large deformation. This system is studied in the presence of contact adhesion, using the discrete element method (DEM). Several continuum fields like the density, the deformation gradient and the stress tensor are computed locally and are analyzed with the goal to formulate objective constitutive relations for the flow behavior of cohesive powders. From a single simulation only, by applying time- and (local) space-averaging, and focusing on the regions of the system that experienced considerable deformations, the critical-state yield stress (termination locus) can be obtained. It is close to linear, for non-cohesive granular materials, and nonlinear with peculiar pressure dependence, for adhesive powders—due to the nonlinear dependence of the contact adhesion on the confining forces. The contact model is simplified and possibly will need refinements and additional effects in order to resemble realistic powders. However, the promising method of how to obtain a critical-state yield stress from a single numerical test of one material is generally applicable and waits for calibration and validation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8681919},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0241-4},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/xt41353052w7615h},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-010-0241-4},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	number = {2},
	pages = {109--119},
	posted-at = {2012-08-16 11:49:59},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0241-4},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 191
@article{kuhn2009specimen,

	author = {Kuhn, M. R. and Bagi, K.},
	title = {Specimen Size Effect in Discrete Element Simulations of Granular Assemblies},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {11069574},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:6(485)},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:6(485)},
	issn = {0733-9399},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {6},
	pages = {485--492},
	posted-at = {2012-08-15 17:26:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:6(485)},
	volume = {135},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 192
@inproceedings{la2012irreversible,

	author = {La Ragione, L. and Magnanimo, V. and Jenkins, J. and Makse, H.},
	title = {Irreversible Incremental Behavior in a Granular Material},
	booktitle = {APS Meeting Abstracts},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {We test the elasticity of dense, isotropic, compressed aggregates of
frictional spheres using cyclic increments of shear and volume strain in
a numerical simulation. For both types of increments, we measure
irreversibility in relative displacements and contact forces that is
stronger for the increments in shear. The strength of the
irreversibility increases as the average number of contacts per particle
(the coordination number) decreases. This irreversibility may be
associated with the opening of contacts in an increment of loading,
pointed out in a recent paper of Schreck et al. (PRL, 2011); such
contact opening could lead to irreversible rearrangement of the contact
network when the increment is relaxed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11069353},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2012APS..MARD53005L},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-08-15 14:13:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=2012APS..MARD53005L},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 193
@article{van2009jamming,

	author = {van Hecke, M.},
	title = {Jamming of soft particles: geometry, mechanics, scaling and isostaticity},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {Amorphous materials as diverse as foams, emulsions, colloidal suspensions and granular media can  jam  into a rigid, disordered state where they withstand finite shear stresses before yielding. Here we review the current understanding of the transition to jamming and the nature of the jammed state for disordered packings of particles that act through repulsive contact interactions and are at zero temperature and zero shear stress. We first discuss the breakdown of affine assumptions that underlies the rich mechanics near jamming. We then extensively discuss jamming of frictionless soft spheres. At the jamming point, these systems are marginally stable (isostatic) in the sense of constraint counting, and many geometric and mechanical properties scale with distance to this jamming point. Finally, we discuss current explorations of jamming of frictional and non-spherical (ellipsoidal) particles. Both friction and asphericity tune the contact number at jamming away from the isostatic limit, but in opposite directions. This allows one to disentangle the distance to jamming and the distance to isostaticity. The picture that emerges is that most quantities are governed by the contact number and scale with the distance to isostaticity, while the contact number itself scales with the distance to jamming.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7263285},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/3/033101},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/22/3/033101},
	day = {16},
	doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/22/3/033101},
	issn = {0953-8984},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {3},
	pages = {033101:1--24},
	posted-at = {2012-08-14 14:18:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/3/033101},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 194
@article{samimi2005single,

	author = {Samimi, A. and Hassanpour, A. and Ghadiri, M.},
	title = {Single and bulk compressions of soft granules: Experimental study and DEM evaluation},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {The characterisation of mechanical properties of particulate solids (e.g. yield pressure and failure strength) is often done by an analysis of bulk compression. However, the relationship between bulk compression behaviour and the physical and mechanical parameters of single particles is not well understood. In this paper the deformation and failure behaviour of soft synthetic detergent granules is investigated experimentally using single granule and bulk compression analyses. Furthermore, the bulk compression of soft spheres, with the properties, which are the same as those of single granules used here, is simulated by distinct element method (DEM) and the predictions are compared with the experimental results. Both the experimental and simulation analyses are for a range of low pressures, less than 30 kPa, with the aim of characterising the yield pressure (limiting contact pressure) of the individual granules using the bulk compression models of Heckel, Kawakita and L\"{u}dde and Adams and co-workers. It is shown that the ratio of the yield pressure of single granules to the Heckel parameter for this type of granules is less than one, and is about 0.5. Furthermore, a relationship is developed among the above three models of bulk compression, in which the above ratio is related to parameters such as the inter-particle and particle wall friction coefficients, initial porosity of the bed and lateral to axial pressure ratio of the particles in the bed. Therefore the use of bulk compression method to infer single particle properties should be made with great caution.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11061058},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.036},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.036},
	issn = {00092509},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	number = {14},
	pages = {3993--4004},
	posted-at = {2012-08-14 11:32:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.036},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 195
@article{thornton2006numerical,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Zhang, L.},
	title = {A numerical examination of shear banding and simple shear non-coaxial flow rules},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {Strain localisation and shear band formation is frequently observed during the handling and flow of dense phase particulate materials. However, a complete understanding of how shear bands form and what happens inside shear bands is still lacking. In order to address this problem, discrete particle simulations have been carried out to examine the detailed processes that occur at the grain scale associated with the initiation and development of shear bands. To reliably identify the continuum model applicable within a shear band is difficult due to the small number of particles/contacts involved. However, it is normally accepted that the mode of deformation within a shear band is one of simple shear. Consequently, simple shear simulations have been performed in order to determine the evolution of the stress tensor, dilation rate, and the principal directions of stress and strain-rate. It is demonstrated that the corresponding non-coaxial flow rule is equivalent to that suggested by Tatsuoka et al. (G\'{e}otechnique 38 148 (1988)). Furthermore, at fully developed flow when there is no further change in volume, the stress and strain-rate directions are coaxial and the flow rule is that proposed by Hill (The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity (Oxford University Press, 1950) p. 294).},
	citeulike-article-id = {11057090},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430500197868},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786430500197868},
	day = {21},
	doi = {10.1080/14786430500197868},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {21-22},
	pages = {3425--3452},
	posted-at = {2012-08-13 11:49:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430500197868},
	volume = {86},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 196
@article{thornton2010quasistatic,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {Quasi-static simulations of compact polydisperse particle systems},
	journal = {Particuology},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was originally devised by Cundall and Strack (1979), as a technique to examine the micromechanics of granular media with the anticipation that this would lead to more physically reliable continuum theories to describe the quasi-static deformation of granular material such as sand. However, the methodology models the evolution of a system of particles as a dynamic process. Consequently there have been numerous publications of the application of DEM to an increasingly wider variety of problems in many areas of engineering and science. This paper, however, focuses on the original motivation for DEM and attempts to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the quasi-static deformation of granular media.},
	citeulike-article-id = {11057082},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2009.07.007},
	doi = {10.1016/j.partic.2009.07.007},
	issn = {16742001},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {2},
	pages = {119--126},
	posted-at = {2012-08-13 11:41:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2009.07.007},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 197
@article{gdr2004dense,

	author = {GDR MiDi},
	title = {On dense granular flows},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E: Soft Matter and Biological Physics},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {The behaviour of dense assemblies of dry grains submitted to continuous shear deformation has been the subject of many experiments and discrete particle simulations. This paper is a collective work carried out among the French research group Groupement de Recherche Milieux Divis\'{e}s (GDR MiDi). It proceeds from the collection of results on steady uniform granular flows obtained by different groups in six different geometries both in experiments and numerical works. The goal is to achieve a coherent presentation of the relevant quantities to be measured i.e. flowing thresholds, kinematic profiles, effective friction, etc. First, a quantitative comparison between data coming from different experiments in the same geometry identifies the robust features in each case. Second, a transverse analysis of the data across the different configurations, allows us to identify the relevant dimensionless parameters, the different flow regimes and to propose simple interpretations. The present work, more than a simple juxtaposition of results, demonstrates the richness of granular flows and underlines the open problem of defining a single rheology.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2747139},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/a94jmg12r9dyw45e},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0},
	issn = {1292-8941},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {4},
	pages = {341--365},
	posted-at = {2012-08-13 10:15:44},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 198
@article{miller2008impact_1,

	author = {Miller, Kenneth B. and Hurst, William Jeffery J. and Payne, Mark J. and Stuart, David A. and Apgar, Joan and Sweigart, Daniel S. and Ou, Boxin},
	title = {Impact of alkalization on the antioxidant and flavanol content of commercial cocoa powders.},
	journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {
            Cocoa is a food ingredient that is important for the contribution of flavor to foods but is also associated with potential health benefits. The chemistry thought to be responsible for its cardiovascular health benefits is the flavanol (flavan-3-ol) antioxidants. Evidence from the literature indicates that natural cocoas are high in flavanols, but when the cocoa is processed with alkali, also known as Dutch processing or Dutching, the flavanols are substantially reduced. This paper provides a survey of the physical and chemical composition of representative natural cocoas and lightly, medium, and heavily alkalized cocoas. As part of the survey, both brown/black and red/brown alkali-processed cocoas were measured. Natural cocoa powders have an extractable pH of 5.3-5.8. Alkalized cocoa powders were grouped into lightly treated (pH 6.50-7.20), medium-treated (pH 7.21-7.60), and heavily treated (pH 7.61 and higher). The natural, nonalkalized powders had the highest ORAC and total polyphenols and flavanols (including procyanidins). These chemical measurements showed a linear decrease as the extractable pH of the cocoa powder increased. Likewise, the flavanol monomers, oligomers, and polymers all showed a linear decrease with increasing pH of the final cocoa powder. When brown/black cocoa powders were compared to red cocoa powders, similar decreases in flavanols were observed with increased alkalization. The average total flavanol contents were 34.6 +/- 6.8 mg/g for the natural cocoas, 13.8 +/- 7.3 mg/g for the lightly processed cocoas, 7.8 +/- 4.0 mg/g for the medium processed cocoas, and 3.9 +/- 1.8 mg/g for the heavily processed cocoa powders. The observed linear and predictable impact of alkalization on flavanol content is discussed with respect to other reports in the literature as well as what implications it may have on diet and food manufacturing.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {11029074},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801670p},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf801670p},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18710243},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18710243},
	day = {24},
	doi = {10.1021/jf801670p},
	issn = {1520-5118},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep},
	month = {sep},
	number = {18},
	pages = {8527--8533},
	pmid = {18710243},
	posted-at = {2012-08-08 10:21:44},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801670p},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 199
@article{wolf1981minifie,

	author = {Wolf, G.},
	title = {B. W. Minifie: Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionery; Science and Technology. 2. Aufl., 735 Seiten, 140 Abb., 34 Tab. Verlag AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport/Connecticut 1980. Preis: 49.50 US S.},
	journal = {Nahrung},
	year = {1981},

	citeulike-article-id = {11029062},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19810250618},
	doi = {10.1002/food.19810250618},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep},
	number = {6},
	pages = {606},
	posted-at = {2012-08-08 10:20:00},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19810250618},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
	},

}

ref_id = 200
@inproceedings{singh2010flow,

	author = {{Singh}, A. and {Luding}, S.},
	title = {Flow behavior at different shear rates for dry powders},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of World Congress on Particle Technology WCPT6},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {Using Discrete Element Simulations (DEM), an effort is made to study the so called ?Split bottom ring shear cell? where a slow, quasi-static deformation leads to wide shear bands. Density, velocity and deformation gradients as well as structure and stress tensors, can be computed by a single simulation, by applying time and (local) space averaging. Here, we focus on different shear rates by increasing the rate of rotation of the system.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10997034},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://doc.utwente.nl/80359/},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-08-02 13:49:49},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {N\"{u}rnberg Messe GmbH},
	url = {http://doc.utwente.nl/80359/},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 201
@article{kumar2012predictive,

	author = {Kumar, N. and Imole, O. I. and Magnanimo, V. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Predictive methods for deformation modes using constitutive modeling for frictionless spheres: Micro-macro transition to Anisotropy model},
	journal = {In preperation},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10723104},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-05-31 22:05:45},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 202
@article{ragione2012contact,

	author = {Ragione, L. L. and Magnanimo, V.},
	title = {Contact anisotropy and coordination number for a granular assembly: A comparison of distinct-element-method simulations and theory},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10723097},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	pages = {031304:1--8},
	posted-at = {2012-05-31 21:57:46},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031304},
	volume = {85},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 203
@article{thornton2010evolution,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Zhang, L.},
	title = {On the evolution of stress and microstructure during general 3D deviatoric straining of granular media},
	journal = {G\'{e}otechnique},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {10715597},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2010.60.5.333},
	day = {05},
	doi = {10.1680/geot.2010.60.5.333},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {5},
	pages = {333--341},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 18:15:45},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2010.60.5.333},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 204
@article{thornton1998quasiaistatic,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Anthony, S. J.},
	title = {Quasi–static deformation of particulate media},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {Quasi–static shear deformation of granular media is examined by performing numerical simulations on polydisperse systems of elastic spheres in a periodic cell. Results of axisymmetric compression test simulations are reported for both a dense and a loose system of spheres sheared under constant mean stress conditions. At the macroscopic scale, the simulated stress–strain–dilation responses are in excellent qualitative agreement with the mechanical behaviour of sand observed in real experiments. Numerical simulation permits a detailed examination of the evolution of internal variables associated with the micromechanical processes occurring at the particle scale. In this context, we present and discuss the evolution of the induced structural anisotropy, the percentage of sliding contacts, the average coordination number and the normal and tangential contact–force contributions to the stress tensor. Encouraged by recent research published by physicists working on granular media, we show how the distribution of normal contact forces evolves during shear, and how it is affected by changing the particle modulus and stress level. This work has led us to consider two types of interparticle contacts: (1) the contacts carrying below–average normal contact forces; and (2) the contacts carrying above–average normal contact forces. We examine how these two different categories contribute to the stress tensor and the structural anisotropy tensor. As a consequence, we present information that provides new insights into the physics of granular media and clarifies some previous findings.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10715594},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0296},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/356/1747/2763.abstract},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/356/1747/2763.full.pdf},
	day = {15},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1998.0296},
	issn = {1471-2962},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {2763--2782},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 18:10:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {The Royal Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0296},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 205
@article{ehsan2012investigating,

	author = {Ehsan, S. H.},
	title = {Investigating the micromechanical evolutions within inherently anisotropic granular materials using discrete element method. (DOI:10.1007/s10035-012-0340-5)},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {This paper investigates the mechanical behavior of inherently-anisotropic granular materials from macroscopic and microscopic points of view. The study is achieved by simulating biaxial compression tests performed on granular assemblies by using numerical discrete element method. In the same category of numerical studies found in the literature, the simulations were performed by considering elliptical/oval particles. In the present study, however, the shape of particles is considered as convex polygons, which mostly resembles real sand grains. Particle assemblies with four different bedding angles were tested. Similar to what observed in experiment, inherent anisotropy has a significant effect on macroscopic mechanical behavior of granular materials. The shear strength and dilative behavior of assemblies were found to decrease as the bedding angle increases. Evolution of the microstructure of all samples and the influence of bedding angle on the fabric and force anisotropy during loading process were investigated. It is seen that the microscopic evolutions in the fabric can justify well the macroscopic behavior of granular assemblies. It is found that the long axis of particles tend to be inclined perpendicular to the loading axis, which results in generating more stable column-like microstructures in order to transfer the applied load. Moreover, the number of contacts as well as the magnitude of forces among particles varies in different directions during the loading process and the initial anisotropy condition totally evolves due to the induced anisotropy within samples.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10478600},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0340-5},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/c763277074tk76x7},
	day = {17},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-012-0340-5},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 18:03:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0340-5},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 206
@article{yang2012influence,

	author = {Yang, Z. X. and Yang, J. and Wang, L. Z.},
	title = {On the influence of inter-particle friction and dilatancy in granular materials: a numerical analysis},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {Mechanical behavior of granular soils is a classic research realm but still yet not completely understood as it can be influenced by a large number of factors, including confining pressure, soil density, loading conditions, and anisotropy of soil etc. Traditionally granular materials are macroscopically regarded as continua and their particulate and discrete nature has not been thoroughly considered although many researches indicate the macro mechanical behavior closely depends on the micro-scale characteristics of particles. This paper presents a DEM (discrete element method)-based micromechanical investigation of inter-particle friction effects on the behavior of granular materials. In this study, biaxial DEM simulations are carried out under both 'drained' and 'undrained' (constant volume) conditions. The numerical experiments employ samples having similar initial isotropic fabric and density, and the same confining pressure, but with different inter-particle friction coefficient. Test results show that the inter-particle friction has a substantial effect on the stress-strain curve, peak strength and dilatancy characteristics of the granular assembly. Clearly, it is noted that apart from the inter-particle friction, the shear resistance is also contributed to the dilation and the particle packing and arrangements. The corresponding microstructure evolutions and variations in contact properties in the particulate level are also elaborated, to interpret the origin of the different macro-scale response due to variations in the inter-particle friction.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10557041},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0348-x},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/e4424828832q2641},
	day = {5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-012-0348-x},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1--15},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 17:59:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0348-x},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 207
@article{barreto2012influence,

	author = {Barreto, D. and O'Sullivan, C.},
	title = {The influence of inter-particle friction and the intermediate stress ratio on soil response under generalised stress conditions.},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {Previous research studies have used either physical experiments or discrete element method (DEM) simulations to explore, independently, the influence of the coefficient of inter-particle friction (μ) and the intermediate stress ratio (b) on the behaviour of granular materials. DEM simulations and experiments using photoelasticity have shown that when an anisotropic stress condition is applied to a granular material, strong force chains or columns of contacting particles transmitting relatively large forces, form parallel to the major principal stress orientation. The combined effects of friction and the intermediate stress ratio upon the resistance of these strong force chains to collapse (buckling failure) are considered here using data from an extensive set of DEM simulations including triaxial and true triaxial compression tests. For all tests both μ and b affected the macro- and micro-scale response, however the mechanisms whereby the force chain stability was improved differ. While friction clearly enhances the inherent stability of the strong force chains, the intermediate stress ratio affects the contact density and distribution of orthogonal contacts that provide lateral support to the force chains.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10701197},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0354-z},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/v37l446488122j88},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-012-0354-z},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {4},
	pages = {505--521},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 17:48:43},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0354-z},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 208
@article{hasan2012three,

	author = {Hasan, A. and Khalid, A.},
	title = {Three dimensional fabric evolution of sheared sand.  (DOI:10.1007/s10035-012-0353-0)},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {Granular particles undergo translation and rolling when they are sheared. This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) experimental assessment of fabric evolution of sheared sand at the particle level. F-75 Ottawa sand specimen was tested under an axisymmetric triaxial loading condition. It measured 9.5 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. The quantitative evaluation was conducted by analyzing 3D high-resolution x-ray synchrotron micro-tomography images of the specimen at eight axial strain levels. The analyses included visualization of particle translation and rotation, and quantification of fabric orientation as shearing continued. Representative individual particles were successfully tracked and visualized to assess the mode of interaction between them. This paper discusses fabric evolution and compares the evolution of particles within and outside the shear band as shearing continues. Changes in particle orientation distributions are presented using fabric histograms and fabric tensor.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10650665},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0353-0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/g4uv464006383m08},
	day = {5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-012-0353-0},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-05-29 17:28:48},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0353-0},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 209
@article{weinhart2011closure,

	author = {Weinhart, T. and Thornton, A. R. and Luding, S. and Bokhove, O.},
	title = {Closure Relations for Shallow Granular Flows from Particle Simulations. (arXiv:1108.5033v1 [cond-mat.soft])},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	abstract = {The Discrete Particle Method (DPM) is used to model granular flows down an
inclined chute. We observe three major regimes: static piles, steady uniform
flows and accelerating flows. For flows over a smooth base, other
(quasi-steady) regimes are observed where the flow is either highly energetic
and strongly layered in depth for small inclinations, or non-uniform and
oscillating for larger inclinations.


For steady uniform flows, depth profiles of density, velocity and stress have
been obtained using an improved coarse-graining method, which allows accurate
statistics even at the base of the flow. A shallow-layer model for granular
flows is completed with macro-scale closure relations obtained from micro-scale
DPM simulations of steady flows. We thus obtain relations for the effective
basal friction, shape factor, mean density, and the normal stress anisotropy as
functions of layer thickness, flow velocity and basal roughness. For
collisional flows, the functional dependencies are well determined and have
been obtained.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {10700369},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5033},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1108.5033},
	eprint = {1108.5033},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	posted-at = {2012-05-24 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5033},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 210
@article{weinhart2012from,

	author = {Weinhart, T. and Thornton, A. R. and Luding, S. and Bokhove, O.},
	title = {From discrete particles to continuum fields near a boundary},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {An expression for the stress tensor near an external boundary of a discrete mechanical system is derived explicitly in terms of the constituents' degrees of freedom and interaction forces. Starting point is the exact and general coarse graining formulation presented by Goldhirsch (Granul Mat 12(3):239–252, 2010 ), which is consistent with the continuum equations everywhere but does not account for boundaries. Our extension accounts for the boundary interaction forces in a self-consistent way and thus allows the construction of continuous stress fields that obey the macroscopic conservation laws even within one coarse-graining width of the boundary. The resolution and shape of the coarse-graining function used in the formulation can be chosen freely, such that both microscopic and macroscopic effects can be studied. The method does not require temporal averaging and thus can be used to investigate time-dependent flows as well as static or steady situations. Finally, the fore-mentioned continuous field can be used to define 'fuzzy' (very rough) boundaries. Discrete particle simulations are presented in which the novel boundary treatment is exemplified, including chute flow over a base with roughness greater than one particle diameter.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10371998},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0317-4},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/5145062k90587666},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-012-0317-4},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {2},
	pages = {289--294},
	posted-at = {2012-05-24 17:49:35},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0317-4},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 211
@article{kumar2012deformation,

	author = {Kumar, N. and Imole, O. I. and Magnanimo, V. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Deformation Modes for Assemblies of Frictionless Polydisperse Spheres},
	journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10697658},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	pages = {160--165},
	posted-at = {2012-05-23 18:10:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {508},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 212
@article{wiocek2012experimental,

	author = {Wiącek, Joanna and Molenda, Marek and Ooi, Jin Y. and Favier, John},
	title = {Experimental and numerical determination of representative elementary volume for granular plant materials},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {360914},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-0351-2},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/plan/2005/00000059/00000003/00000351},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s11103-005-0351-2},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {3},
	pages = {449--467},
	posted-at = {2012-05-01 15:34:31},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-0351-2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 213
@article{olami1992selforganized_1,

	author = {Olami, Z. and Feder, H. J. and Christensen, K.},
	title = {Self-organized criticality in a continuous, nonconservative cellular automaton modeling earthquakes.},
	journal = {Physical review letters},
	year = {1992},

	citeulike-article-id = {10560119},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10046116},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10046116},
	day = {24},
	issn = {1079-7114},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1244--1247},
	pmid = {10046116},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:57:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10046116},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 214
@article{ouaguenouni2007force,

	author = {Ouaguenouni, S. and Roux, J. N.},
	title = {Force distribution in frictionless granular packings at rigidity threshold},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {With a new simulation method, involving viscous lubricating forces, we identify the exact list of active contacts in a model two-dimensional frictionless granular packing at equilibrium under an isotropic load. Within a well-justified approximation of infinitesimal displacements, efforts are localized on a minimal central-force structure that satisfies a geometric optimization criterion. Size and boundary effects are analysed. The maximum packing density of discs is evaluated to first order in their small polydispersity parameter. We find no diverging correlation length in the thermodynamic limit, and accurately compute the distribution of contact forces in large systems.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10560115},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1997-00324-1},
	day = {02},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i1997-00324-1},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {117+},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:54:47},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1997-00324-1},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 215
@article{olafsen1998clustering_1,

	author = {Olafsen, J. S. and Urbach, J. S.},
	title = {Clustering, Order, and Collapse in a Driven Granular Monolayer},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {Steady state dynamics of clustering, long-range order, and inelastic collapse are experimentally observed in vertically shaken granular monolayers. At large vibration amplitudes, particle correlations show only short-range order like equilibrium 2D hard sphere gases. Lowering the amplitude  ” cools” the system, resulting in a dramatic increase in correlations leading to either clustering or an ordered state. Further cooling forms a collapse: a condensate of motionless balls coexisting with a less dense gas. Measured velocity distributions are non-Gaussian, showing nearly exponential tails.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10560090},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4369},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v81/i20/p4369},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v81/i20/p4369},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4369},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {4369--4372},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:45:03},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4369},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 216
@article{nguyen1999properties,

	author = {Nguyen, M. L. and Coppersmith, S. N.},
	title = {Properties of layer-by-layer vector stochastic models of force fluctuations in granular materials},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {We attempt to describe the stress distributions of granular packings using lattice-based layer-by-layer stochastic models that satisfy the constraints of force and torque balance and nontensile forces at each site. The inherent asymmetry in the layer-by-layer approach appears to lead to an asymmetric force distribution, in disagreement with both experiments and general symmetry considerations. The vertical force component probability distribution is robust and in agreement with predictions of the scalar q model of Liu et al. [Science 269, 513 (1995)] and Coppersmith et al. [Phys. Rev. E 53, 4673 (1996)] while the distribution of horizontal force components is qualitatively different and depends on the details of implementation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10560083},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.59.5870},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v59/i5/p5870},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v59/i5/p5870},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.59.5870},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {5870--5880},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:43:47},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.59.5870},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 217
@article{narayan1999incipient,

	author = {Narayan, Onuttom and Nagel, Sidney R.},
	title = {Incipient failure in sandpile models},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {Elastoplastic and constitutive equation theories are two approaches based on very different assumptions for creating a continuum theory for the stress distributions in a static sandpile. Both models produce the same surprising prediction that in a two-dimensional granular pile constructed at its angle of repose, the outside wedge will be on the verge of failure. We show how these predictions can be tested experimentally.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10560080},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(98)00470-1},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(98)00470-1},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {75--83},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:42:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(98)00470-1},
	volume = {264},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 218
@article{oda2000study_1,

	author = {Oda, Masanobu and Iwashita, Kazuyoshi},
	title = {Study on couple stress and shear band development in granular media based on numerical simulation analyses},
	journal = {International Journal of Engineering Science},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {From the reasonable accordance between the simulation and laboratory tests, it is concluded that the simulation test using the distinct element method can provide a powerful tool to simulate the micro- as well as macro-behavior of granular media. This is true, in particular, when the rotational resistance is introduced into the conventional one. Based on both the simulation and laboratory tests, we reached the following conclusions: One of the most important changes in microstructure, which takes place during a strain hardening process, is the formation of column-like structure growing parallel to the major principal stress direction. After failure, the column-like structure is reconstructed during a strain softening process by means of rolling, not sliding, at contact points so that a high gradient of particle rotation is generated, changing from negative to positive in a relatively narrow shear zone. Large voids appear in the shear band, and the resulting local void ratio can exceed the corresponding maximum one determined by a standard method. This fact strongly suggests that unique stress condition, which leads to such special microstructure, may develop in the shear band. In fact, couple stresses exist in a shear band in a manner consistent with the change of the particle rotation gradient from negative to positive. In spite of the presence of the couple stress, the stress tensor is nearly symmetric, indicating that the couple stress is very small in magnitude. The presence of the small couple stress still plays an important role in the development of microstructure in shear bands.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10560047},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7225(99)00132-9},
	doi = {10.1016/S0020-7225(99)00132-9},
	issn = {00207225},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {15},
	pages = {1713--1740},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:19:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7225(99)00132-9},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 219
@article{onck2005alternative,

	author = {Onck, P. R. and Koeman, T. and van Dillen, T. and van der Giessen, E.},
	title = {Alternative Explanation of Stiffening in Cross-Linked Semiflexible Networks},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {Strain stiffening of filamentous protein networks is explored by means of a finite strain analysis of a two-dimensional network model of cross-linked semiflexible filaments. The results show that stiffening is caused by nonaffine network rearrangements that govern a transition from a bending-dominated response at small strains to a stretching-dominated response at large strains. Filament undulations, which are key in the existing explanation of stiffening, merely postpone the transition.},
	citeulike-article-id = {1094782},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PRLTAO000095000017178102000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/e178102},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.178102},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/i17/e178102},
	citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v95/i17/e178102},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.178102},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {17},
	pages = {178102+},
	posted-at = {2012-04-12 15:10:52},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.178102},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 220
@book{lemaitre1994mechanics,

	author = {Lemaitre, J. and Chaboche, J. L.},
	title = {Mechanics of solid materials},
	publisher = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
	year = {1994},

	citeulike-article-id = {10511996},
	isbn = {0521328535},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep},
	pages = {1--556},
	posted-at = {2012-03-29 18:13:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
	},

}

ref_id = 221
@article{mehta1995granular,

	author = {Mehta, Anita and Cahn, Robert W.},
	title = {Granular Matter: An Interdisciplinary Approach},
	journal = {Physics Today},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {10507759},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807945},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2807945},
	issn = {00319228},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {3},
	pages = {91+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 18:32:57},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807945},
	volume = {48},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 222
@article{clifford1999scientific,

	author = {Clifford, Nicholas J.},
	title = {The scientific nature of geomorphology edited by Bruce L. Rhoads and Colin E. Thorn, John Wiley, Chichester 1996. No. of pages; xi + 481. Price: {\pounds} 65.00 (hb). ISBN 0-471-96811-0},
	journal = {Earth Surf. Process. Landforms},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {10507755},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199907)24:7\%3C661::AID-ESP986\%3E3.0.CO;2-9},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199907)24:7\%3C661::AID-ESP986\%3E3.0.CO;2-9},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {7},
	pages = {661--662},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 18:28:11},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199907)24:7\%3C661::AID-ESP986\%3E3.0.CO;2-9},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 223
@article{ohern2001force,

	author = {O'Hern, Corey S. and Langer, Stephen A. and Liu, Andrea J. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
	title = {Force Distributions near Jamming and Glass Transitions},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2001},

	abstract = {We calculate the distribution of interparticle normal forces P ( F ) near the glass and jamming transitions in model supercooled liquids and foams; respectively. P ( F ) develops a peak that appears near the glass or jamming transitions; whose height increases with decreasing temperature; decreasing shear stress and increasing packing density. A similar shape of P ( F ) was observed in experiments on static granular packings. We propose that the appearance of this peak signals the development of a yield stress. The sensitivity of the peak to temperature; shear stress; and density lends credence to the recently proposed generalized jamming phase diagram.},
	citeulike-article-id = {1305100},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.111},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v86/i1/p111},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v86/i1/p111},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.111},
	old_keywords = {force\_distribution, jamming, s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {1},
	pages = {111--114},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 18:03:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.111},
	volume = {86},

	keywords = {
		force,distribution,
		jamming,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 224
@article{zehui2006subharmonic,

	author = {Ze-Hui, Jiang and Yun-Ying, Wang and Jing, Wu},
	title = {Subharmonic motion of granular particles  under vertical vibrations},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {We investigate the impact of granular particles at the bottom of the container, which is vibrating harmonically in the vertical direction. Experiments demonstrate that the impact strength, controlled by the normalized vibration acceleration, undergoes a series of subharmonic bifurcations, in the sequence of period-doubling, period-quadrupling, chaos, period-tripling, period-sextupling, chaos, period-quadrupling, period-octupling, and so on. It is observed that accompanying the impact bifurcations there always exists a condensed state of particles at the lower part of the bed. By using the completely inelastic bouncing-ball model, a possible explanation for the observed bifurcation phenomena is presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507670},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10554-7},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i2005-10554-7},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {417+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 17:08:36},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10554-7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 225
@article{hartley2002logarithmic,

	author = {Hartley, R. R. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Logarithmic rate dependence in deforming granular materials},
	journal = {EMPTY},
	year = {2002},

	abstract = {Rate-independence for stresses within a granular material is a basic tenet of
many models for slow dense granular flows. By contrast, logarithmic rate
dependence of stresses is found in solid-on-solid friction, in geological
settings, and elsewhere. In this work, we show that logarithmic rate-dependence
occurs in granular materials for plastic (irreversible) deformations that occur
during shearing but not for elastic (reversible) deformations, such as those
that occur under moderate repetitive compression. Increasing the shearing rate,
\Omega, leads to an increase in the stress and the stress fluctuations that at
least qualitatively resemble what occurs due to an increase in the density.
Increases in \Omega also lead to qualitative changes in the distributions of
stress build-up and relaxation events. If shearing is stopped at t=0, stress
relaxations occur with \sigma(t)/ \sigma(t=0) \simeq A \log(t/t\_0). This
collective relaxation of the stress network over logarithmically long times
provides a mechanism for rate-dependent strengthening.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507666},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0210179},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0210179},
	day = {8},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0210179},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 17:05:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0210179},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 226
@article{aharonov2004stickslip,

	author = {Aharonov, Einat and Sparks, David},
	title = {Stick-slip motion in simulated granular layers},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {Two-dimensional numerical simulations of shear in a gravity-free layer of circular grains were conducted to illuminate the
                 basic mechanics of shear of granular layers (such as layers of fault gouge). Our simulated granular layers exhibit either
                 stable (steady state) or unstable (stick slip) motion. The transition from steady to stick-slip sliding depends on loading
                 velocity and applied confining stress in a way similar to a simple model of a block on a frictional surface. We investigate
                 the conditions which lead to naturally occurring stick-slip behavior and study in detail the systems behavior prior to and
                 during slip events. Matching our numerical results to a spring block model, the system of grains was found to have bulk static
                 and dynamic coefficients of friction that differ by about 0.1. This differing static and dynamic friction emerged spontaneously,
                 from the collective behavior of grains, and was not prescribed a priori via a frictional rule between grain contacts. Results
                 show that the micromechanics of contact forces is responsible for stick-slip behavior: During the  ” stuck” phase, and in preparation
                 for slip, more and more grain contacts which carry low forces slide, resulting in accelerating internal stress release. When
                 enough of the low-force contacts frictionally slide, the granular layer weakens and losses rigidity, leading to motion of
                 contacts that carry larger forces and large-scale slip. Our results may have implications to the understanding of the stability
                 of gouge layers and are thus related to the underlying physics of earthquakes.
              },
	citeulike-article-id = {10507527},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2003JB002597.shtml},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002597},
	day = {21},
	doi = {10.1029/2003JB002597},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {B9},
	pages = {B09306+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 16:19:51},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002597},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 227
@article{birgir2004binary,

	author = {Birgir and Jenkins, James T.},
	title = {Binary mixtures of inelastic spheres: Simplified constitutive theory},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {We provide approximate expressions for the transport coefficients of a binary mixture of smooth, nearly elastic spheres when the radii and∕or the masses are not too different. Using these, we formulate the approximate equations for segregation in a steady shearing flow with gravity transverse to the flow and provide numerical solutions for two examples.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507521},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000016000012004543000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/16/4543},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1813071},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1813071},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {12},
	pages = {4543--4550},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 16:16:51},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1813071},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 228
@article{fan2006simulating,

	author = {Fan, Xijun and Thien, Nhan P. and Chen, Shuo and Wu, Xuhong and Ng, Teng Y.},
	title = {Simulating flow of DNA suspension using dissipative particle dynamics},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {We simulate DNA suspension microchannel flows using the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. Two developments make this simulation more realistic. One is to improve the dynamic characteristics of a DPD system by modifying the weighting function of the dissipative force and increasing its cutoff radius, so that the Schmidt number can be increased to a practical level. Another is to set up a wormlike chain model in the DPD framework, according to the measured extension properties of a DNA molecule in uniform flows. This chain model is then used to study flows of a DNA suspension through microchannels. Interesting results on the conformation evolution of DNA molecules passing through the microchannels, including periodic contraction-diffusion microchannels, are reported.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507487},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000018000006063102000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/18/063102},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2206595},
	doi = {10.1063/1.2206595},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {6},
	pages = {063102+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 16:00:58},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2206595},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 229
@article{fernando2003effects,

	author = {Fernando, D. N. and Wassgren, C. R.},
	title = {Effects of vibration method and wall boundaries on size segregation in granular beds},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {This paper investigates the rise rate of a large impurity in an otherwise homogeneous granular bed subject to discrete and continuous vertical oscillations. Experiments and two-dimensional discrete element computer simulations reveal that the impurity rise rate depends upon the oscillation method when side-wall convection effects are negligible. For discrete oscillations the rise rate increases monotonically with the oscillation velocity amplitude while for continuous oscillations the rise rate reaches a maximum value at a critical velocity amplitude. The rise rate trends correlate with changes in the bed void fraction. When side-wall convection effects are present, the rise rate of the impurity increases linearly with the oscillation velocity amplitude regardless of the vibration method. The results from the studies presented here reconcile the seemingly inconsistent results reported previously in the literature.{\copyright} 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507481},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000015000011003458000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/15/3458},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1614811},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1614811},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3458--3467},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 15:59:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1614811},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 230
@article{fraige2008distinct,

	author = {Fraige, Feras Y. and Langston, Paul A. and Chen, George Z.},
	title = {Distinct element modelling of cubic particle packing and flow},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {Processing of granular and powder materials is important in many engineering applications. The unpredictable behaviour of bulk solids often causes problems such as unsteady flows during handling and processing. Mixing and packing of powders are also of great importance, but experimental observation of such processes is not always convenient. Simulation is a powerful tool here. In this paper, a model for cube-shaped particles is developed using the Distinct Element Method. It introduces a model based on multi-contact principles. The cube shape was considered as an archetypal regular polyhedral shape with fundamentally different characteristics to spheres in packing and flow. Specific industrial applications are also noted. The study closely compares laboratory experiments and simulations in terms of static packing, flow pattern and flow rates for cubes and spheres. The results show that the multiple-contact model is a better solution for surface–surface contact than the single-contact version and should be used for polyhedral shapes. The simulation and experimental results are generally in close agreement demonstrating that the DEM cube model is a feasible tool. The cubes show  ” better” packing characteristics but  ” worse” flow properties as expected, however, it is noted that the system is fairly small in terms of number of particles and wall effects are quite significant here. A DEM model for cube-shaped particles is developed based on multi-contact principles. The cube is an archetypal shape with fundamentally different characteristics to spheres in packing and flow. Industrial applications are cited. Experiments and simulations show good agreement. The cubes show  ” better” packing characteristics than spheres but  ” worse” flow properties as expected. },
	citeulike-article-id = {10507479},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.12.009},
	doi = {10.1016/j.powtec.2007.12.009},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {3},
	pages = {224--240},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 15:57:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.12.009},
	volume = {186},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 231
@article{schiessel1995generalized,

	author = {Schiessel, H. and Metzler, R. and Blumen, A. and Nonnenmacher, T. F.},
	title = {Generalized viscoelastic models: their fractional equations with solutions},
	journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Recently fractional calculus (FC) has encountered much success in the description of complex dynamics. In particular FC has proved to be a valuable tool to handle viscoelastic aspects. In this paper we construct fractional rheological constitutive equations on the basis of well known mechanical models, especially the Maxwell, the Kelvin-Voigt, the Zener and the Poynting-Thomson model. To this end we introduce a fractional element, in addition to the standard purely elastic and purely viscous elements. As we proceed to show, many of the fractional differential equations which we obtain by this construction method admit closed form, analytical solutions in terms of Fox H-functions of the Minag-Leffler type.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507455},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/28/23/012},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4470/28/23/012},
	day = {07},
	doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/28/23/012},
	issn = {0305-4470},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep},
	month = {dec},
	number = {23},
	pages = {6567+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 15:46:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/28/23/012},
	volume = {28},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
	},

}

ref_id = 232
@article{zetzener2002relaxation,

	author = {Zetzener, Harald and Schwedes, J\"{o}rg},
	title = {Relaxation and Creep of Dry Bulk Solids},
	journal = {Part. Part. Syst. Charact.},
	year = {2002},

	abstract = {In former investigations it has been shown that creep (constant stress, altering strain) and relaxation (constant strain, decreasing stress) can be observed with dry bulk solids. Both effects are covered when investigating the time dependent behaviour of bulk solids where time dependence can also mean an increase of the deformation resistance with increasing deformation rate. In this paper the investigated time dependent effects do not include time consolidation. The effects of creep and relaxation are often neglected for bulk solids because in many applications the influence of these time dependent behaviours is of minor importance. A deeper insight into the bulk solids flow characteristics and mechanisms can only be obtained when time dependence is taken into consideration.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10507445},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4117(200207)19:3\%3C144::AID-PPSC144\%3E3.0.CO;2-S},
	doi = {10.1002/1521-4117(200207)19:3\%3C144::AID-PPSC144\%3E3.0.CO;2-S},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep},
	number = {3},
	pages = {144--148},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 15:45:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4117(200207)19:3\%3C144::AID-PPSC144\%3E3.0.CO;2-S},
	volume = {19},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
	},

}

ref_id = 233
@article{imole2012deformation,

	author = {Imole, O. I. and Kumar, N. and Magnanimo, V. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Deformation modes of frictionless polydisperse sphere packings},
	journal = {In preparation},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10504190},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, imole2012deformation, luding, paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	pages = {1--32},
	posted-at = {2012-03-28 00:25:44},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		paper1,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 234
@article{pinto2007granular,

	author = {Pinto, S. F. and Couto, M. S. and Atman, A. P. F. and Alves, S. G. and Bernardes, A. T. and de Resende, H. F. V. and Souza, E. C.},
	title = {Granular Fingers on Jammed Systems: New Fluidlike Patterns Arising in Grain-Grain Invasion Experiments},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {In this Letter we report spontaneous pattern formation in dense granular assemblies confined to a Hele-Shaw cell and quasistatic regime. Varied unexpected patterns, ranging from rounded to fingered, are observed due to the displacement of one granular material by another. Computer simulations reproduce the major features observed in these experiments. Two mechanisms are responsible for the pattern formation: crystallization of the injected grains and plastic deformation of the displaced grains. The experiment suggests analogies with viscous fingering and jamming transition experiments.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2552961},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PRLTAO000099000006068001000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/e068001},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.068001},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.068001},
	old_keywords = {fingering, fluid, granular, jamming, pattern, s\_luding},
	number = {6},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 13:23:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.068001},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		fluid,
		granular,
		jamming,
		pattern,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 235
@article{polito2007characteristic,

	author = {Polito, Antony M. M. and Figueiredo, Annibal and da Rocha Filho, Tarc\'{\i}sio M. and Prudente, Frederico V. and Costa, Luis S.},
	title = {The characteristic function method applied to molecular dynamics of inelastic granular gases},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {In this work we study the dissipative dynamics of a system of smooth hard spheres with a constant restitution coefficient and small number of particles in the homogeneous cooling regime. We focus on the velocity distribution from simulations in the Molecular Dynamics approach. The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology based on the application of the characteristic function technique and the so-called W function, introduced by L\'{e}vy to measure the distance of distributions from the Gaussian. We use this methodology to (i) characterize asymptotic stationary states independently of initial conditions; (ii) study the multiple dependence of these stationary states on the number of particles, density regimes and boundary conditions for a fixed restitution coefficient; (iii) discuss the existence of a limit state in the thermodynamic limit; (iv) address the open problem of the convergence of a Sonine expansion in the highly dissipative regime and (v) measure the overpopulated high energy tails. Moreover, we investigate in what sense the theoretical results related to the Enskog–Boltzmann equation can be reproduced.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10499798},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.072},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.072},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {392--416},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 13:20:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.072},
	volume = {373},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 236
@article{puglisi2005fluctuations,

	author = {Puglisi, Andrea and Visco, Paolo and Barrat, Alain and Trizac, Emmanuel and van Wijland, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric},
	title = {Fluctuations of internal energy flow in a vibrated granular gas.},
	journal = {Physical review letters},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {
            The nonequilibrium fluctuations of power flux in a fluidized granular media have been recently measured in an experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 164301 (2004)], which was announced to be a verification of the fluctuation relation (FR) by Gallavotti and Cohen. An effective temperature was also identified and proposed to be a useful probe for such nonequilibrium systems. We explain these results in terms of a two-temperature Poisson process. Within this model, supported by independent molecular dynamics simulations, power flux fluctuations do not satisfy the FR and the nature of the effective temperature is clarified. In the pursuit of a hypothetical global quantity fulfilling the FR, this points to the need of considering candidates other than the power flux.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {10499791},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16196980},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16196980},
	day = {9},
	issn = {0031-9007},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {11},
	pmid = {16196980},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 13:14:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16196980},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 237
@article{storm2005nonlinear,

	author = {Storm, Cornelis and Pastore, Jennifer J. and MacKintosh, F. C. and Lubensky, T. C. and Janmey, Paul A.},
	title = {Nonlinear elasticity in biological gels},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {The mechanical properties of soft biological tissues are essential to their physiological function and cannot easily be duplicated by synthetic materials. Unlike simple polymer gels, many biological materials—including blood vessels1, mesentery tissue2, lung parenchyma3, cornea4 and blood clots5—stiffen as they are strained, thereby preventing large deformations that could threaten tissue integrity. The molecular structures and design principles responsible for this nonlinear elasticity are unknown. Here we report a molecular theory that accounts for strain-stiffening in a range of molecularly distinct gels formed from cytoskeletal and extracellular proteins and that reveals universal stress–strain relations at low to intermediate strains. The input to this theory is the force–extension curve for individual semi-flexible filaments and the assumptions that biological networks composed of these filaments are homogeneous, isotropic, and that they strain uniformly. This theory shows that systems of filamentous proteins arranged in an open crosslinked mesh invariably stiffen at low strains without requiring a specific architecture or multiple elements with different intrinsic stiffness.},
	citeulike-article-id = {197927},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03521},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03521},
	day = {12},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03521},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	old_keywords = {biology, elasticity, gel, s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {7039},
	pages = {191--194},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:44:39},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03521},
	volume = {435},

	keywords = {
		biology,
		elasticity,
		gel,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 238
@article{smart2007effects,

	author = {Smart, A. and Umbanhowar, P. and Ottino, J.},
	title = {Effects of self-organization on transport in granular matter: A network-based approach},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {Granular matter may be one of the simplest prototypes of what have come to be regarded as complex systems —systems where simple interactions can lead to rich, often surprising, global behavior. For example, interparticle contacts in a granular system give rise to networks that are 1) heterogeneous,  i.e. , a few particles support high compressive force, while many others support relatively little, and 2) self-organized,  i.e. , spatially correlated strong forces tend to form a sub-network of interconnecting "force chains". Using numerical simulations, we investigate the influence of heterogeneity and self-organization on the transport properties of granular matter, with particular attention to heat conduction —a phenomenon of ubiquitous importance in engineering and nature. We find that self-organization in the granular network promotes efficient transport. Furthermore, a network-attack experiment suggests that contacts with high betweenness centrality, not necessarily those with highest local heat transfer coefficient, most significantly influence transport behavior. We find that concepts of network theory yield valuable insight —both qualitative and quantitative— into the observed behavior.},
	citeulike-article-id = {4444814},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/79/24002},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/79/24002},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {2},
	pages = {24002+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:42:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/79/24002},
	volume = {79},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 239
@article{yuan1999growth,

	author = {Yuan, H. and Og̃uz, H. N. and Prosperetti, A.},
	title = {Growth and collapse of a vapor bubble in a small tube},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {A model for the description of the growth and collapse of a vapor bubble in a small tube is presented and some typical results are illustrated. It is found that the maximum volume of the bubble and its lifetime depend in a complex way on the channel geometry and the initial energy distribution. However, during most of the bubble's lifetime, the internal pressure is very small and the dynamics mostly governed by the external pressure. The motivation for this work is offered by the possibility to use vapor bubbles as actuators in fluid-handling microdevices.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10499660},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00027-7},
	doi = {10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00027-7},
	issn = {00179310},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {19},
	pages = {3643--3657},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:40:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00027-7},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 240
@article{suzuki2007hamiltonian,

	author = {Suzuki, Y. and Koshizuka, S. and Oka, Y.},
	title = {Hamiltonian moving-particle semi-implicit (HMPS) method for incompressible fluid flows},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {2007},

	citeulike-article-id = {8848892},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006},
	day = {15},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006},
	issn = {00457825},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {29-30},
	pages = {2876--2894},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:38:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006},
	volume = {196},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 241
@article{smith2002stress,

	author = {Smith, L. and T\"{u}z\"{u}n, U.},
	title = {Stress, voidage and velocity coupling in an avalanching granular heap},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {2002},

	abstract = {Slowly poured granular heaps evolve by a process of discrete avalanching. We separately investigate stress and voidage evolution in the dynamic boundary layer in which avalanching is initiated and takes place and patterns of stress distribution in the static regions of the heap which are not involved in avalanche activity. The defining events in the evolution of the heap are limited in number and localised in time and space. We investigate stress, voidage and avalanche velocity coupling, particularly in terms of these localised defining events. We analyse the time series that result from periodic sampling of a granular dynamics simulation and demonstrate the potential of the discrete wavelet transform that has been added to our simulation post-processing toolset as an aid to coupling of time series variables in the context of localised defining events. In particular, we show that correlation between time-lagged wavelet transform coefficients can be much more revealing than correlation functions derived from the original time series themselves and has the potential to identify time constants in the absence of clearly defined periodicity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10499651},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00305-6},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00305-6},
	issn = {00092509},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {18},
	pages = {3795--3807},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:36:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00305-6},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 242
@article{utter2004transients,

	author = {Utter, B. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Transients in sheared granular matter},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E: Soft Matter and Biological Physics},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {As dense granular materials are sheared, a shear band and an anisotropic force network form. The approach to steady-state behavior depends on the history of the packing and the existing force and contact network. We present experiments on shearing of dense granular matter in a 2D Couette geometry in which we probe the history and evolution of shear bands by measuring particle trajectories and stresses during transients. We find that when shearing is stopped and restarted in the same direction, steady-state behavior is immediately reached, in agreement with the typical assumption that the system is quasistatic. Although some relaxation of the force network is observed when shearing is stopped, quasistatic behavior is maintained because the contact network remains essentially unchanged. When the direction of shear is reversed, a transient occurs in which stresses initially decrease, changes in the force network reach further into the bulk, and particles far from the wheel become more mobile. This occurs because the force network is fragile to changes transverse to the force network established under previous shear; particles must rearrange before becoming jammed again, thereby providing resistance to shear in the reversed direction. The strong force network is re-established after displacing the shearing surface \$\approx 3d\$ , where d is the mean grain diameter. Steady-state velocity profiles are reached after a shear of \$\lesssim 30d\$ . Particles immediately outside of the shear band move on average less than 1 diameter before becoming jammed again. We also examine particle rotation during this transient and find that mean particle spin decreases during the transient, which is related to the fact that grains are not interlocked as strongly.},
	citeulike-article-id = {5159746},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2004-10022-4},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/mk1w0eqw16b92men},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2004-10022-4},
	issn = {1292-8941},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	number = {4},
	pages = {373--380},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2004-10022-4},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 243
@article{vidales2003forceaidisplacement,

	author = {Vidales, A. M. and Ippolito, I. and Moukarzel, C.},
	title = {Force–displacement distributions and percolation properties in simulated 2-D packings},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {The first part of this paper studies the behavior of contact force distributions and displacement distributions in isostatic 2-D arrays of polydispersed grains as a function of force strength and displacement strength, respectively. The array is built by pouring disks, one by one, into a rectangular die. After the array is ready, force and displacement measurements are performed on it. We also introduce a relaxation procedure (rearrangements of disks) in order to study the behavior of the corresponding distributions as a function of the number of relaxations performed on the system. In the second part, we characterize the percolation of small particles through this 2-D packings as a function of the polydispersivity of the disks. We analyze both trapping and non-trapping regimes. Characteristic features of these packings are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10499617},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(03)00140-7},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(03)00140-7},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {297--318},
	posted-at = {2012-03-26 12:21:48},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(03)00140-7},
	volume = {325},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 244
@article{edwards1994patterns_1,

	author = {Edwards, W. S. and Fauve, S.},
	title = {Patterns and quasi-patterns in the Faraday experiment},
	journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {1994},

	citeulike-article-id = {3086391},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {123},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 14:36:17},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {278},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 245
@article{goda2005threedimensional,

	author = {Goda, Tibor J. and Ebert, Fritz},
	title = {Three-dimensional discrete element simulations in hoppers and silos},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {The initial fill and the subsequent discharge of containers containing granular material have been modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). In particular, the behavior of granular material in three dimensions is accounted for. The aim is to study the distributions of normal wall forces and pressures developed at the end of filling process (static state) and those developed during outflow from the containers (dynamic state). A hopper, a silo with a hopper bottom, and a flat-bottomed silo have been chosen for DE analysis. The granular material is modeled as a particle assembly consisting of mono-sized, spherical, cohesionless particles. Movement of individual particles during the outflow caused by gravity was also studied. The simulation results obtained in the present work are realistic and show clearly the advantages of DEM to understand the complex flow behavior of granular materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486803},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.019},
	doi = {10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.019},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {58--68},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 14:33:03},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.019},
	volume = {158},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 246
@article{eshuis2010onset,

	author = {Eshuis, Peter and van der Meer, Devaraj and Alam, Meheboob and van Gerner, Henk J. and van der Weele, Ko and Lohse, Detlef},
	title = {Onset of Convection in Strongly Shaken Granular Matter},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {Strongly vertically shaken granular matter can display a density inversion: A high-density cluster of beads is elevated by a dilute gaslike layer of fast beads underneath ( ” granular Leidenfrost effect”). For even stronger shaking the granular Leidenfrost state becomes unstable and granular convection rolls emerge. This transition resembles the classical onset of convection in fluid heated from below at some critical Rayleigh number. The same transition is seen in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the shaken granular material. The critical shaking strength for the onset of granular convection can be calculated from a linear stability analysis of a hydrodynamiclike model of the granular flow. Experiment, MD simulations, and theory quantitatively agree.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486799},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.038001},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v104/i3/e038001},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v104/i3/e038001},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.038001},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {038001+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 14:29:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.038001},
	volume = {104},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 247
@article{evesque2002stress,

	author = {Evesque, P. and Adj�mian, F.},
	title = {Stress fluctuations and macroscopic stick-slip in granular materials},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E: Soft Matter and Biological Physics},
	year = {2002},

	abstract = {This paper deals with the quasi-static regime of deformation of granular matter. It investigates the size of the Representative Elementary Volume (REV), which is the minimum packing size above which the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of granular materials can be defined from averaging. The first part uses typical results from recent literature and finds that the minimum REV contains in general 10 grains; this result holds true either for most experiments or for Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation. This appears to be quite small. However, the second part gives a counterexample, which has been found when investigating uniaxial compression of glass spheres which exhibit stick-slip; we show in this case that the minimum REV becomes 10 7 grains. This makes the system not computable by DEM. Moreover, similarity between the Richter law of seism and the exponential statistics of stick-slip is stressed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486616},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2002-10082-4},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/lyj3mugb3hdyay88},
	day = {19},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2002-10082-4},
	issn = {1292-8941},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {3},
	pages = {253--259},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 13:07:47},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2002-10082-4},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 248
@article{wang2000numerical,

	author = {Wang, Y. C. and Yin, X. C. and Ke, F. J. and Xia, M. F. and Peng, K. Y.},
	title = {Numerical Simulation of Rock Failure and Earthquake Process on Mesoscopic Scale},
	journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {\&\#151;On the basis of the lattice model of Mora and Place, Discrete Element Method, and Molecular Dynamics approach, another kind of numerical model is developed. The model consists of a 2-D set of particles linked by three kinds of interactions and arranged into triangular lattice. After the fracture criterion and rules of changes between linking states are given, the particle positions, velocities and accelerations at every time step are calculated using a finite-difference scheme, and the configuration of particles can be gained step by step. Using this model, realistic fracture simulations of brittle solid (especially under pressure) and simulation of earthquake dynamics are made.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486609},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001067},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/bq1351pjncne68gr},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/PL00001067},
	issn = {0033-4533},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1905--1928},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 13:01:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Birkh\"{a}user Basel},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001067},
	volume = {157},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 249
@article{wackenhut2003reversible,

	author = {Wackenhut, M. and Herrmann, H.},
	title = {Reversible polydisperse parking lot model},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {7197387},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.041303},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.68.041303},
	issn = {1550-2376},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1--7},
	pdf = {file://localhost/Users/aonghus/Documents/Papers/2003/Wackenhut/Physical\%20Review\%20E\%202003\%20Wackenhut.pdf},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:58:00},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.041303},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 250
@article{walton1987effective,

	author = {Walton, K.},
	title = {The effective elastic moduli of a random packing of spheres},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {1987},

	abstract = {The effective incremental elastic moduli of a random packing of identical elastic spheres are derived. Although the method of derivation is suitable for any initial deformed configuration that induces compressive forces between any spheres in contact, specific results are given only for the cases in which this corresponds to that of a hydrostatic compression or a uniaxial compression. For additional simplicity it is assumed that the spheres are either infinitely rough or perfectly smooth.},
	citeulike-article-id = {6350319},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(87)90036-6},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib\_query?bibcode=1987JMPSo..35..213W},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-5096(87)90036-6},
	issn = {00225096},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	number = {2},
	pages = {213--226},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:53:03},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(87)90036-6},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 251
@article{weisel2004mechanical,

	author = {Weisel, John W.},
	title = {The mechanical properties of fibrin for basic scientists and clinicians},
	journal = {Biophysical Chemistry},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {In this review, I set forth some basic information about the mechanical properties of fibrin clots and attempt to identify the big questions remaining. The intent is to make this topic understandable to both basic scientists who are interested in blood clotting and to hematologists or cardiologists, since I believe that this is something everyone working in these fields should know. The viscoelastic properties of fibrin are remarkable and unique among polymers. Moreover, these properties are essential to the physiology of blood clotting and are important for understanding and therefore preventing and treating thrombosis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486589},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.029},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.029},
	issn = {03014622},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {dec},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {267--276},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:51:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.029},
	volume = {112},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 252
@article{debregeas2001deformation,

	author = {Debr\'{e}geas, G. and Tabuteau, H. and di Meglio, J. M.},
	title = {Deformation and Flow of a Two-Dimensional Foam under Continuous Shear},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2001},

	abstract = {We investigate the flow properties of a 2D foam (a confined monolayer of jammed bubbles) submitted to a continuous shear in a Couette geometry. A strong localization of the flow at the moving inner wall is evidenced. Moreover, velocity fluctuations measurements reveal self-similar dynamical structures consisting of clusters of bubbles moving coherently. A stochastic model is proposed where bubbles rearrangements are activated by local stress fluctuations produced by the shearing wheel. This model gives a complete description of our observations and is also consistent with available data on granular shear bands.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2722834},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.178305},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v87/i17/e178305},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v87/i17/e178305},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.178305},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {17},
	pages = {178305+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:40:30},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.178305},
	volume = {87},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 253
@article{wright2008horizontal,

	author = {Wright, H. S. and Swift, M. R. and King, P. J.},
	title = {The horizontal stability of a ball bouncing upon a vertically vibrated concave surface},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {In experiments a ball will not bounce repeatedly in the same place upon a vertically vibrating horizontal surface due to imperfections in the ball and the surface. Consequently, a concave surface is often used to restrain the horizontal movement of the ball while measurements are made of its vertical motion. Here we use two numerical-simulation models to study the horizontal motion of an inelastic sphere bouncing chaotically under gravity upon a vertically vibrated parabolic surface. Both models predict the same generic features. For almost flat surfaces the ball makes wandering horizontal excursions and as the surface curvature is increased the horizontal motion of the ball becomes more and more constrained. However, the horizontal motion may exhibit intermittent, abrupt and erratic bursts of very large amplitude. These bursts occur with a probability which increases extremely rapidly with surface curvature such that there is an effective threshold curvature for their observation within a finite sequence of bounces. We study the behaviour of this intermittency as a function of the vibration amplitude, of the surface curvature and of the normal coefficient of restitution.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486572},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/81/14002},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/81/14002},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {14002+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:38:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/81/14002},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 254
@article{labous1997measurements_1,

	author = {Labous, Laurent and Rosato, Anthony D. and Dave, Rajesh N.},
	title = {Measurements of collisional properties of spheres using high-speed video analysis},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {In this paper we report measurements of collisional properties of spheres using high-speed video analysis. These results agree with a simple collision operator. We study the size and velocity dependences of the coefficient of restitution in the normal direction. The experimental data are compared with the relevant models of energy dissipation and show the existence of two dissipation regimes. For large impact velocities a plastic deformation model is in good agreement with our measurements, while for smaller velocities a model of viscoelastic dissipation gives qualitative agreement.},
	citeulike-article-id = {9286637},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5717},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v56/i5/p5717},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v56/i5/p5717},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5717},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {5},
	pages = {5717--5725},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:38:23},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5717},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 255
@article{yamane1995computer_1,

	author = {Yamane, Kenji and Sato, Toshiharu and Tanaka, Toshitsugu and Tsuji, Yutaka},
	title = {Computer Simulation of Tablet Motion in Coating Drum},
	journal = {Pharmaceutical Research},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {Purpose . The purpose is to develop a new method of finding optimal conditions in tablet coating operations with the use of computer simulation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486541},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016201102355},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/1bbm14hey82kfeaf},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1016201102355},
	issn = {07248741},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1264--1268},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:24:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016201102355},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 256
@article{daisaka1999spatial_1,

	author = {Daisaka, H. and Ida, S.},
	title = {Spatial Structure and Coherent Motion in Dense Planetary Rings Induced by Self-Gravitational Instability},
	journal = {EMPTY},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {We investigate the formation of spatial structure in dense, self-gravitating
particle systems such as Saturn's B-ring through local \$N\$-body simulations to
clarify the intrinsic physics based on individual particle motion. In such a
system, Salo (1995) showed that the formation of spatial structure such as
wake-like structure and particle grouping (clump) arises spontaneously due to
gravitational instability and the radial velocity dispersion increases as the
formation of the wake structure. However, intrinsic physics of the phenomena
has not been clarified. We performed local \$N\$-body simulations including
mutual gravitational forces between ring particles as well as direct
(inelastic) collisions with identical (up to \$N\sim40000\$) particles. In the
wake structure particles no longer move randomly but coherently. We found that
particle motion was similar to Keplerian motion even in the wake structure and
that the coherent motion was produced since the particles in a clump had
similar eccentricity and longitude of perihelion. This coherent motion causes
the increase and oscillation in the radial velocity dispersion. The mean
velocity dispersion is rather larger in a more dissipative case with a smaller
restitution coefficient and/or a larger surface density since the coherence is
stronger in the more dissipative case. Our simulations showed that the
wavelength of the wake structure was approximately given by the longest
wavelength \$\hs{\lambda}{cr} = 4\pi^2 G\Sigma/\kappa^2\$ in the linear theory of
axisymmetric gravitational instability in a thin disk, where \$G\$, \$\Sigma\$, and
\$\kappa\$ are the gravitational constant, surface density, and a epicyclic
frequency.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486539},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9908057},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9908057},
	day = {6},
	eprint = {astro-ph/9908057},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:24:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9908057},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 257
@article{yavin1997inclination_1,

	author = {Yavin, Y.},
	title = {Inclination control of the motion of a rolling disk by using a rotor},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {This work deals with the control and guidance of a system which is composed of a disk rolling on a plane, a controlled slender rod that is pivoted through its center of mass about the disk's center, and a rotor with its axis fixed in the upper end of the rod (see Figs. 1 and 2). The rod is controlled in such a manner that it is always aligned along the line passing through the points O and C, where O denotes the center of the disk and C denotes the point of contact between the plane and the disk. The rotor rotates in a plane that is always perpendicular to the plane of the disk. Using the concept of path controllability, control laws are derived for the disk's pedalling moment and the rotor's torque, to steer the disk's motion from a point P1 to a point P2, both of them in the plane, during a given time interval [0, tf].},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486534},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01236-4},
	doi = {10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01236-4},
	issn = {00457825},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {253--263},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:21:50},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01236-4},
	volume = {146},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 258
@article{daerr1999sensitivity_1,

	author = {Daerr, A. and Douady, S.},
	title = {Sensitivity of granular surface flows to preparation},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The transient surface granular flow occurring when a cylindrical pile of granular media supported by a disc crumbles to form a cone is investigated. The experiments show that this flow depends strongly on the way the granular material was prepared. We found a clear dependence on the density of the packing, leading from a deep bulk flow for low densities to an erosive surface flow for high ones. But the flow is also sensitive to possible asymmetries of the internal structure of the material.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486504},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1999-00392-7},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i1999-00392-7},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {324+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:16:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1999-00392-7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 259
@article{zhou2008modeling,

	author = {Zhou, Hongben and Peukert, Wolfgang},
	title = {Modeling adhesion forces between deformable bodies by FEM and Hamaker summation.},
	journal = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {
            A new numerical approach is presented for predicting adhesion forces of particles at flat and rough surfaces. The new hybrid method uses the finite element method (FEM) for the determination of elastic and plastic particle deformation combined with numerical Hamaker summation. In the numerical approach, the influence of the plastic deformation can be fully included. We show how the adhesion force depends on the contact geometry and the material properties. For easy comparison with other models, the force-displacement behavior of the systems is presented. The numerical approach is supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The experimentally observed adhesion force hysteresis is described very well by the new approach. Although calculations in this article are focused on spherical particles, our approach can be extended to particles of arbitrary shapes.
        },
	citeulike-article-id = {10486503},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7023023},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/la7023023},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179262},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18179262},
	day = {19},
	doi = {10.1021/la7023023},
	issn = {0743-7463},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1459--1468},
	pmid = {18179262},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:16:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7023023},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 260
@article{zhang2006interspecies,

	author = {Zhang, D. Z. and Ma, X. and Rauenzahn, R. M.},
	title = {Interspecies Stress in Momentum Equations for Dense Binary Particulate Systems},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {For two-species particulate systems, ensemble averaged continuity and momentum equations for each species are derived based on the Liouville equation of the system. The ensemble average used is species specific. It is found that the interaction between species results in not only the interspecies force but also a stress in the momentum equations. In the limit that particles of one of the species can be considered as a continuum, the existence of the interspecies stress enables us to reduce the derived equations to the familiar form for dispersed two-phase flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10486499},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.048301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/i4/e048301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v97/i4/e048301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.048301},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {048301+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:15:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.048301},
	volume = {97},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 261
@article{zheng1994theory,

	author = {Zheng, Q. S.},
	title = {Theory of Representations for Tensor Functions---A Unified Invariant Approach to Constitutive Equations},
	journal = {Applied Mechanics Reviews},
	year = {1994},

	abstract = {Representations in complete and irreducible forms for tensor functions allow general consistent invariant forms of the nonlinear constitutive equations and specify the number and type of the scalar variables involved. They have proved to be even more pertinent in attempts to model mechanical behavior of anisotropic materials, since here invariant conditions predominate and the number and type of independent scalar variables cannot be found by simple arguments. In the last few years, the theory of representations for tensor functions has been well established, including three fundamental principles, a number of essential theorems and a large amount of complete and irreducible representations for both isotropic and anisotropic tensor functions in three- and two-dimensional physical spaces. The objective of the present monograph is to summarize and recapitulate the up-to-date developments and results in the theory of representations for tensor functions for the convenience of further applications in contemporary applied mechanics. Some general topics on unified invariant formulation of constitutive laws are investigated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {6219293},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=AMREAD000047000011000545000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?AMR/47/545},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111066},
	doi = {10.1115/1.3111066},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {11},
	pages = {545--587},
	posted-at = {2012-03-22 12:12:27},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ASME},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111066},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 262
@article{tarzia2004glass,

	author = {Tarzia, M. and Candia, A. De and Fierro, A. and Nicodemi, M. and Coniglio, A.},
	title = {Glass transition in granular media},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {In the framework of schematic hard-spheres lattice models for granular media we investigate the phenomenon of the "jamming transition". In particular, using Edwards' approach, by analytical calculations at a mean-field level, we derive the system phase diagram and show that "jamming" corresponds to a phase transition from a "fluid" to a "glassy" phase, observed when crystallization is avoided. Interestingly, the nature of such a "glassy" phase turns out to be the same found in mean-field models for glass formers.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463136},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2004-10015-y},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i2004-10015-y},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	pages = {531+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:50:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2004-10015-y},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 263
@article{chang2003elastic,

	author = {Chang, C. S. and Shi, Q. and Liao, C. L.},
	title = {Elastic constants for granular materials modeled as first-order strain-gradient continua},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {Formulation of a stress–strain relationship is presented for a granular medium, which is modeled as a first-order strain-gradient continuum. The elastic constants used in the stress–strain relationship are derived as an explicit function of inter-particle stiffness, particle size, and packing density. It can be demonstrated that couple-stress continuum is a subclass of strain-gradient continua. The derived stress–strain relationship is simplified to obtain the expressions of elastic constants for a couple-stress continuum. The derived stress–strain relationship is compared with that of existing theories on strain- gradient models. The effects of inter-particle stiffness and particle size on material constants are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463135},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00328-7},
	doi = {10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00328-7},
	issn = {00207683},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {21},
	pages = {5565--5582},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:48:59},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00328-7},
	volume = {40},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 264
@article{clerc2008liquidaisolidlike,

	author = {Clerc, M. G. and Cordero, P. and Dunstan, J. and Huff, K. and Mujica, N. and Risso, D. and Varas, G.},
	title = {Liquid–solid-like transition in quasi-one-dimensional driven granular media},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {The theory of non-ideal gases at thermodynamic equilibrium, for instance the van der Waals gas model, has played a central role in our understanding of coexisting phases, as well as the transitions between them. In contrast, the theory fails with granular matter because collisions between the grains dissipate energy, and their macroscopic size renders thermal fluctuations negligible. When a mass of grains is subjected to mechanical vibration, it can make a transition to a fluid state. In this state, granular matter exhibits patterns and instabilities that resemble those of molecular fluids. Here, we report a granular solid–liquid phase transition in a vibrating granular monolayer. Unexpectedly, the transition is mediated by waves and is triggered by a negative compressibility, as for van der Waals phase coexistence, although the system does not satisfy the hypotheses used to understand atomic systems. The dynamic behaviour that we observe—coalescence, coagulation and wave propagation—is common to a wide class of phase transitions. We have combined experimental, numerical and theoretical studies to build a theoretical framework for this transition.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7197256},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys884},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys884},
	day = {17},
	doi = {10.1038/nphys884},
	issn = {1745-2473},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	number = {3},
	pages = {249--254},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:47:47},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys884},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 265
@article{zhiyuan2007global,

	author = {Zhi-Yuan, Chen and Duan-Ming, Zhang and Feng-Xia, Yang and Ming-Tao, Huang and Rui, Li and Ling, Zhang and Hong-Ying, Zhu},
	title = {Global Pressure of One-Dimensional Polydisperse Granular Gases Driven by Gaussian White Noise},
	journal = {Communications in Theoretical Physics},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {We study the global pressure of a one-dimensional polydisperse granular gases system for the first time, in which the size distribution of particles has the fractal characteristic and the inhomogeneity is described by a fractal dimension  D . The particles are driven by Gaussian white noise and subject to inelastic mutual collisions. We define the global pressure  P  of the system as the impulse transferred across a surface in a unit of time, which has two contributions, one from the translational motion of particles and the other from the collisions. Explicit expression for the global pressure in the steady state is derived. By molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how the inelasticity of collisions and the inhomogeneity of the particles influence the global pressure. The simulation results indicate that the restitution coefficient  e  and the fractal dimension  D  have significant effect on the pressure.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463131},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/48/3/021},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0253-6102/48/3/021},
	day = {15},
	doi = {10.1088/0253-6102/48/3/021},
	issn = {0253-6102},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {3},
	pages = {481+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:46:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/48/3/021},
	volume = {48},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 266
@article{carrillo2008granular_1,

	author = {Carrillo, J. E. A. and POSchel, T. and SalueNA, C.},
	title = {Granular hydrodynamics and pattern formation in vertically oscillated granular disk layers},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {10463128},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {119--144},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:43:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	volume = {597},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 267
@article{catherall2007influence,

	author = {Catherall, A. T. and Milburn, R. J. and Swift, Michael R. and King, P. J.},
	title = {The influence of air on the magneto-vibratory separation of binary granular mixtures},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {The application of an inhomogeneous magnetic field to a binary granular mixture composed of diamagnetic or paramagnetic particles exposes the two species to different effective forces of gravity. Vertical vibration may then cause the mixture to separate through the action of this differential gravity. Here we consider the influence of a background fluid, such as air, on this magneto-vibratory separation. We show that air-driven tilting and granular convection greatly influence the separation dynamics. We identify the magnetic and vibratory conditions for mixed, partially separated and very well separated states. Each corresponds to a distinct pattern of granular convection, the transition from one state to another being abrupt as the experimental conditions are altered. Magneto-vibratory separation may enhance air-driven separation, may cause inverted separation, or may be adjusted to counteract the air-driven separation and maintain the mixed state. We use computer simulations to give insight into these separation processes. We show that many of the phenomena are associated with the gaps which open up between separated regions over those fractions of the vibration cycle in which the convective motion takes place. It is these gaps which enable the abrupt transition between separated states and which prevent the convection within the separated regions from causing mixing.},
	citeulike-article-id = {1433666},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-007-0039-1},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/10035/2007/00000009/F0020003/00000039},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/l686490761n3755k},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-007-0039-1},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {3},
	pages = {169--181},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:42:03},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-007-0039-1},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 268
@article{chou2007gassolid,

	author = {Chou, Chuen-Shii and Lee, Ang-Fen and Yeh, Chun-Hung},
	title = {Gas-Solid Flow in a Two-Dimensional Cross-Flow Moving Granular Filter Bed with a Symmetric Boundary},
	journal = {Part. Part. Syst. Charact.},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {This study investigates how the inlet gas velocity and the louver angle affect the granular flow of spherical particles in two-dimensional moving (and fixed) granular filter beds with a symmetric louvered-wall. The methodology of Tsuji et al. [1] was extended to facilitate this gas-solid flow field calculation. The calculation procedures were as follows: (1) determination of the coordinates of each spherical particle and calculation of the void fraction of the granular bed; (2) calculation of the updated two-dimensional gas velocity field using the SIMPLE method [2]; (3) determination of the drag force acting on the particle using the equation of Fan and Zhu [3], and (4) obtaining the contact force, velocity and displacement of each particle using the DEM model devised by Cundall and Starck [4]. In addition, a digital camcorder was used to record the flow pattern histories of the spherical particles in cross-flow moving (and fixed) granular filter beds with a symmetric louvered-wall. The numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results in a qualitative manner. In a fixed granular bed, the bubble area obtained, which is based on numerical predictions agrees with that obtained experimentally, and increases with louver angle. However, in a moving granular bed, the bubble area obtained by numerical modeling increases with louver angle, but the bubble area obtained experimentally decreases with increasing louver angle. Additionally, this investigation demonstrates both numerically and experimentally that the bubble area increases with air inlet velocity in both fixed and moving granular beds.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463124},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200500968},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.200500968},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {3},
	pages = {210--222},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:40:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200500968},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 269
@article{conway2006instabilityinduced,

	author = {Conway, Stephen L. and Liu, Xue and Glasser, Benjamin J.},
	title = {Instability-induced clustering and segregation in high-shear Couette flows of model granular materials},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {Controlling unwanted segregation of components within a particle mixture is a longstanding goal in particle processing technologies. We investigate flow-induced clustering and consequent segregation of cohesionless particulate mixtures flowing rapidly in high-shear Couette geometries, comparing results from particle-dynamic (PD) simulations, kinetic theory and experiments. Using spheres and disks and a simplified plug instability as a surrogate for the variety of coherent flow structures, we find that density, velocity, and granular temperature gradients, and possibly, initiation of vorticity, influence the onset and nature of segregation. For equal density particles, simulations and experiments show that there exists a critical solids fraction at which the direction of segregation is reversed and streamwise diffusivity drops significantly, which appears to correspond to a point where the thermal diffusion flux no longer dominates over other terms. Results compare favorably to those from binary kinetic theories with one exception. We find that the 1D steady-state theoretical solutions do not capture the flux reversal observed in PD simulations of the equal density mixtures. Finally, we illustrate how local density variations can severely affect particle size distribution measurements.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463122},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.049},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.049},
	issn = {00092509},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {19},
	pages = {6404--6423},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:36:59},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.049},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 270
@article{cowin1985relationship_1,

	author = {Cowin, Stephen C.},
	title = {The relationship between the elasticity tensor and the fabric tensor},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {1985},

	abstract = {An algebraic relationship between the fourth rank elasticity tensor of a porous, anisotropic, linear elastic material and the fabric tensor of the material is considered. The fabric tensor is a symmetric second rank tensor which characterizes the geometric arrangement of the porous material microstructure. In developing this result it is assumed that the matrix material of the porous elastic solid is isotropic and, thus, that the anisotropy of the porous elastic solid is determined by the fabric tensor. It is then shown that the material symmetries of orthotropy, transverse isotropy and isotropy correspond to the cases of three, two and one distinct eigenvalues of the fabric tensor, respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463109},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(85)90012-2},
	doi = {10.1016/0167-6636(85)90012-2},
	issn = {01676636},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {2},
	pages = {137--147},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:30:02},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(85)90012-2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 271
@article{cantelaube1995geometrical_1,

	author = {Cantelaube, Florence and Limon-Duparcmeur, Yann and Bideau, Daniel and Ristow, G. H.},
	title = {Geometrical Analysis of Avalanches in a 2D Drum},
	journal = {Journal de Physique I},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {10463108},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1995107},
	doi = {10.1051/jp1:1995107},
	issn = {1155-4304},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {5},
	pages = {581--596},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:28:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1995107},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 272
@article{cantelaube1995radial_1,

	author = {Cantelaube, F. and Bideau, D.},
	title = {Radial Segregation in a 2d Drum: An Experimental Analysis},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {1995},

	abstract = {We report experimental results on radial segregation in a 2d rotating drum half-filled by a mixture of small and large disks. This segregation is present both in the intermittent (avalanches) and in the continuous flow regimes. The kinetics of the process are analysed and appear to be very fast. Some results on a first quantitative analysis of the trapping process–which is the basic mechanism of segregation–within the surface flow are presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463105},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/30/3/002},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0295-5075/30/3/002},
	day = {20},
	doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/30/3/002},
	issn = {0295-5075},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {apr},
	number = {3},
	pages = {133+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:26:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/30/3/002},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 273
@article{cantelaube1997kinetics,

	author = {Cantelaube, Florence and Bideau, Daniel and Roux, St\'{e}phane},
	title = {Kinetics of segregation of granular media in a two-dimensional rotating drum},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {The segregation of a granular medium in a two-dimensional rotating drum is studied. The particle assembly consists in abi-modal distribution of disks, with a fixed size ratioof 0.6 and varying relative concentration C. The drum is half-filled with the mixture of grains and it is rotated at a constant velocity \^{I}{\copyright} so that a permanent surface flow sets in. A very rapid and quasi-complete segregation occurs where the smaller disks gather in a central core. Experimental results on the segregation kinetics are presented for various C and \^{I}{\copyright}, together with a theoretical analysis of the kinetics of this segregation process based on a description of the surface flow. The segregation can be described as a single-particle process, controlled by a differential convection of the small particles. We show that the steady state is reached exponentially fast in time with a characteristic time constant \"{I}s, or rotation angle . The segregation time \"{I}s is predicted to be roughly independent of the concentration in small particles C, and of the rotation velocity \^{I}{\copyright}. These properties are confirmed experimentally.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463104},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03213-0},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03213-0},
	issn = {00325910},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--11},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:25:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03213-0},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 274
@article{arslan2009analysis,

	author = {Arslan, Haydar and Baykal, Gokhan and Sture, Stein},
	title = {Analysis of the influence of crushing on the behavior of granular materials under shear},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {The behavior of granular materials mainly depends on the mechanical and engineering properties of particles in its structural matrix. Crushing or breakage of granular materials under compression or shear occurs when the energy available is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the material. Relatively little systematic research has been conducted regarding how to evaluate or quantify particle crushing and how it effects the engineering properties of the granular materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of crushing on the bulk behavior of granular materials by using manufactured granular materials (MGM) rather than using a naturally occurring cohesionless granular material. MGM allow changing only one particle parameter, namely the  ” crushing strength”. Four different categories of MGM (with different crushing strength) are used to study the effect on the bulk shear strength, stiffness modulus, friction and dilatancy angle  ” engineering properties”. A substantial influence on the stress–strain behavior and engineering properties of granular materials is observed. Higher confining stress causes some non-uniformity (strong variations/jumps) in volumetric strain and a constant volumetric strain is not always observed under large shear deformations due to crushing, i.e. there is no critical state with flow regime (with constant volumetric strain).},
	citeulike-article-id = {4004413},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-009-0127-5},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/053472563l0h1228},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-009-0127-5},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {2},
	pages = {87--97},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:21:16},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-009-0127-5},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 275
@article{awazu2003segregation,

	author = {Awazu, Akinori},
	title = {Segregation and Phase Inversion in a Simple Granular System},
	journal = {EMPTY},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {The segregation and the phase inversion are investigated through a simple
granular system which consists of only two inelastic hard spheres in a square
box with an energy source. With the variation of the coefficient of
restitution, the mass ratio between two spheres or the box size, we show that
two types of segregated states and crossover between them are realized in such
a small simple system.},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463096},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0301087},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0301087},
	day = {8},
	eprint = {cond-mat/0301087},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:15:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0301087},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 276
@article{baldassarri2006brownian,

	author = {Baldassarri, A. and Dalton, F. and Petri, A. and Zapperi, S. and Pontuale, G. and Pietronero, L.},
	title = {Brownian Forces in Sheared Granular Matter},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {We present results from a series of experiments on a granular medium sheared in a Couette geometry and show that their statistical properties can be computed in a quantitative way from the assumption that the resultant from the set of forces acting in the system performs a Brownian motion. The same assumption has been utilized, with success, to describe other phenomena, such as the Barkhausen effect in ferromagnets, and so the scheme suggests itself as a more general description of a wider class of driven instabilities.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2486320},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PRLTAO000096000011118002000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e118002},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.118002},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/i11/e118002},
	citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v96/i11/e118002},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.118002},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	number = {11},
	pages = {118002+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:13:55},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.118002},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 277
@article{bartos0000aspects,

	author = {Bartos, I. and Janosi, I. M.},
	title = {Aspects of non-hydrostatic behaviour in 2d packings of frictionless spheres},
	journal = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {10463095},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:12:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 278
@article{baran2007granular,

	author = {Baran, Oleh and Drozd, John J. and Martinuzzi, Robert J. and Poole, Peter H.},
	title = {Granular circulation in a cylindrical pan: Simulations of reversing radial and tangential flows},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {Granular flows due to simultaneous vertical and horizontal excitations of a flat-bottomed cylindrical pan are investigated using event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. In agreement with recent experimental results, we observe a transition from a solidlike state to a fluidized state in which circulatory flow occurs simultaneously in the radial and tangential directions. By going beyond the range of conditions explored experimentally, we find that each of these circulations reverses its direction as a function of the control parameters of the motion. We numerically evaluate the dynamical phase diagram for this system and show, using a simple model, that the solid-fluid transition can be understood in terms of a critical value of the radial acceleration of the pan bottom and that the circulation reversals are controlled by the phase shift relating the horizontal and vertical components of the vibrations. We also discuss the crucial role played by the geometry of the boundary conditions and point out a relationship of the circulation observed here and the flows generated in vibratory conveyors.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463090},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021305},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v76/i2/e021305},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v76/i2/e021305},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021305},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {021305+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:10:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021305},
	volume = {76},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 279
@article{barrat2003random_1,

	author = {Barrat, A. and Trizac, E.},
	title = {Random inelasticity and velocity fluctuations in a driven granular gas},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E: Soft Matter and Biological Physics},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {We analyze the deviations from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics found in recent experiments studying velocity distributions in two-dimensional granular gases driven into a non-equilibrium stationary state by a strong vertical vibration. We show that in its simplest version, the  ” stochastic thermostat” model of heated inelastic hard spheres, contrary to what has been hitherto stated, is incompatible with the experimental data, although predicting a reminiscent high-velocity stretched-exponential behavior with an exponent 3/2. The experimental observations lead to refine a recently proposed random restitution coefficient model. Very good agreement is then found with experimental velocity distributions within this framework, which appears self-consistent and further provides relevant probes to investigate the universality of the velocity statistics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463088},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2002-10149-2},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/ngb5t84akp16m9l9},
	day = {19},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2002-10149-2},
	issn = {1292-8941},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {1},
	pages = {99--104},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:08:23},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2002-10149-2},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 280
@article{baxter2007experimental,

	author = {Baxter, G. W. and Olafsen, J. S.},
	title = {Experimental Evidence for Molecular Chaos in Granular Gases},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {We present measurements showing the presence and the absence of molecular chaos in a two-layer vertically vibrated granular media where a plate drives a horizontal layer of massive grains, which, in turn, drives a second horizontal layer of lighter grains above the first. In the first layer driven by the plate, the velocities are spatially correlated. In the second layer, we find uncorrelated velocities consistent with the presence of molecular chaos. In this experiment, energy injection that is randomized in both space and time throughout the shaking cycle is necessary for observing molecular chaos and  ” kinetic theory”-like behavior. At higher densities, excluded volume effects force velocity correlations in the system which is no longer  ” gaslike” in behavior.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2553074},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PRLTAO000099000002028001000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/e028001},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.028001},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/i2/e028001},
	citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v99/i2/e028001},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.028001},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jul},
	number = {2},
	pages = {028001+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:07:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.028001},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 281
@article{bezrukov2006simulation,

	author = {Bezrukov, Alexander and Stoyan, Dietrich},
	title = {Simulation and Statistical Analysis of Random Packings of Ellipsoids},
	journal = {Part. Part. Syst. Charact.},
	year = {2006},

	abstract = {The paper describes an algorithm for the generation of random packings of ellipsoids of revolution, which is a natural generalization of an older algorithm for the case of spherical particles and belongs to the class of collective rearrangement algorithms. It yields packings with a broad spectrum of densities and geometrical properties, aspect ratio which depend on and the various parameters controlling the motions of ellipsoids during the simulation. The ellipsoid systems obtained are characterized by second-order characteristics, namely pair correlation and orientation correlation functions. Furthermore, the constructed packings are described in a phase diagram taken from statistical physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463087},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200600974},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.200600974},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {5},
	pages = {388--398},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:05:48},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200600974},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 282
@article{biswas2003numerical,

	author = {Biswas, Parthapratim and S\'{a}nchez, P. and Swift, Michael R. and King, P. J.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of air-driven granular separation},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {Recently it has been shown that binary mixtures of equal-sized fine granular materials exhibit spontaneous separation under vertical vibration in the presence of air [Science 295, 1877 (2002)]. Here we describe a model of this behavior based on soft-sphere molecular dynamics coupled to the motion of the surrounding air. It exhibits many of the features observed experimentally including almost complete separation of the components into well defined regions with extremely sharp boundaries. The basic separation mechanism is robust and insensitive to many of the model parameters. Our results show that the forced flow of air through the bed, induced by vibration of the container, is responsible for this form of separation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463083},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.050301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v68/i5/e050301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v68/i5/e050301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.68.050301},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {050301+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:02:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.050301},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 283
@article{blumenfeld2004stresses,

	author = {Blumenfeld, Raphael},
	title = {Stresses in Isostatic Granular Systems and Emergence of Force Chains},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {2004},

	abstract = {Progress is reported on several questions that bedevil understanding of granular systems: (i) Are the stress equations elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic? (ii) How can the often-observed force chains be predicted from a first-principles continuous theory? (iii) How do we relate insight from isostatic systems to general packings? Explicit equations are derived for the stress components in two dimensions including the dependence on the local structure. The equations are shown to be hyperbolic and their general solutions, as well as the Green function, are found. It is shown that the solutions give rise to force chains, and the explicit dependence of the force chains trajectories and magnitudes on the local geometry is predicted. Direct experimental tests of the predictions are proposed. Finally, a framework is proposed to relate the analysis to nonisostatic and more realistic granular assemblies.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463082},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.108301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/i10/e108301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v93/i10/e108301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.108301},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {108301+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:01:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.108301},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 284
@article{blumenfeld2007stresses,

	author = {Blumenfeld, Raphael},
	title = {Stresses in two-dimensional isostatic granular systems: exact solutions},
	journal = {New Journal of Physics},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {It has been recognized that the concept of isostaticity holds the key to understanding stress transmission in cohesionless granular media. Here the field equations of isostaticity theory in two-dimensions are studied and solutions are derived. The equations are first decoupled into integro-differential equations for the three independent stress components, highlighting the role of a particular position-dependent fabric tensor. In disordered, but statistically isotropic, systems the fluctuations decay with length-scale and the decoupled equations can be expanded to first order and solved. The zero-order solutions are obtained in closed form and give rise to force chains that propagate along straight characteristic lines. At this order solutions do not attenuate and chains cross one another without interference or scattering. The analysis of the first-order correction reveals emergence of weaker secondary force chains that branch off the zero-order chains and into a 'cone of influence' that they span.},
	citeulike-article-id = {1370931},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/160},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/9/6/160},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/160},
	issn = {1367-2630},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {6},
	pages = {160+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 17:00:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/160},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 285
@article{bi2005twoand,

	author = {Bi, Weitao and Delannay, Renaud and Richard, Patrick and Taberlet, Nicolas and Valance, Alexandre},
	title = {Two- and three-dimensional confined granular chute flows: experimental and numerical results},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {We present experimental and numerical results on 2D and 3D confined granular chute flows. We address the issue of the role of the lateral boundaries. In particular, we find that the presence of flat frictional lateral walls greatly alters the flow features as soon as the width of the flowing layer is of the order of the spacing between the walls or greater. First, steady and fully developed (SFD) flows are observed up to very large inclination angles where accelerated flows would have been expected. Second, at given inclination angle, there exists an upper bound on the flow rate for SFD flows to occur. When one approaches this critical flow rate, a static heap forms along the chute base, on which is the flowing layer. The heap is stabilized by the flow atop it and was named a sidewall-stabilized heap (SSH) since its angle is much greater than those usually exhibited by granular heaps. Both kinds of flow have been studied in 2D and 3D confined configurations. In particular, it is found that these flows exhibit either a Bagnold velocity profile or an exponential one. Moreover, we identify a dimensionless parameter, depending crucially on the sidewall friction, that is expected to drive the transition between these two regimes. We also point out the differences between purely 2D flows and 3D confined flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7908011},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/006},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/17/24/006},
	day = {22},
	doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/006},
	issn = {0953-8984},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {24},
	pages = {S2457+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:59:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/006},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 286
@article{blumenfeld2005granular,

	author = {Blumenfeld, R. and Edwards, S. F. and Ball, R. C.},
	title = {Granular matter and the marginal rigidity state},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {2005},

	abstract = {Model experiments are reported on the build-up of granular piles in two dimensions. These show that, as the initial density of falling grains is increased, the resulting pile has  decreasing  final density and its coordination number approaches the low value predicted for the theoretical marginal rigidity state. This provides the first direct experimental evidence for this state of granular matter. We trace the decrease in the coordination number to the dynamics within an advancing yield front between the consolidated pile and the falling grains. We show that the front's size diverges as the marginal rigidity state is approached, suggesting a critical phenomenon.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463079},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/007},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/17/24/007},
	day = {22},
	doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/007},
	issn = {0953-8984},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {24},
	pages = {S2481+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:57:48},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/007},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 287
@article{brey2003velocity_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Montero, M. J. Ruiz},
	title = {Velocity distribution of fluidized granular gases in the presence of gravity},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2003},

	abstract = {The velocity distribution of a fluidized dilute granular gas in the direction perpendicular to the gravitational field is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the velocity distribution can be exactly described neither by a Gaussian nor by a stretched exponential law. Moreover, it does not exhibit any kind of scaling. In fact, the actual shape of the distribution depends on the number of monolayers at rest, on the restitution coefficient and on the height at what it is measured. The role played by the number of particle-particle collisions as compared with the number of particle-wall collisions is discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463075},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021307},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v67/i2/e021307},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v67/i2/e021307},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021307},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {021307+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:56:12},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021307},
	volume = {67},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 288
@article{brey1998steady_1,

	author = {Brey, J. J. and Cubero, D.},
	title = {Steady state of a fluidized granular medium between two walls at the same temperature},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {The steady state of a low-density gas of inelastic hard spheres confined between two parallel walls at the same temperature is studied. Because of the dissipation in collisions, the state is not uniform but highly inhomogeneous with a nonlinear temperature profile. Direct Monte Carlo simulations show that in the nearly elastic limit the pressure is uniform, but the state exhibits anisotropy of the diagonal terms of the pressure tensor, contrary to the predictions of the Navier-Stokes equations. For larger inelasticity, the pressure becomes nonuniform. These rheological effects, peculiar to granular systems, are explained by means of a model kinetic equation based on the Boltzmann equation. The equation is solved by constructing a systematic perturbative expansion in the square root of the degree of inelasticity. The theoretical predictions compare well with the simulation results for small inelasticity, but they are in conflict for larger values of the degree of inelasticity. The analysis provides strong evidence that this is due to the asymptotic but divergent character of the expansion, similarly to what happens when the usual Chapman-Enskog expansion is applied to molecular fluids.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463067},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.2019},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/i2/p2019},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v57/i2/p2019},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.57.2019},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {2019--2029},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:53:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.57.2019},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 289
@article{brey1998instability,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Montero, M. J. Ruiz and Moreno, F.},
	title = {Instability and spatial correlations in a dilute granular gas},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {Direct Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the stability of a dilute freely evolving granular gas of hard disks. The boundary between stability and instability in the plane (α,L), where α is the restitution coefficient and L the size of the system, has been delineated. Instability is associated with the buildup of spatial correlations, which describes the formation of velocity vortices in the system. The simulation results are compared with theoretical predictions presented recently, and a good agreement is found. {\copyright} 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463061},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000010000011002976000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/10/2976},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869817},
	doi = {10.1063/1.869817},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {11},
	pages = {2976--2982},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:49:31},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869817},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 290
@article{brilliantov2000deviation_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, Nikolai V. and P\"{o}schel, Thorsten},
	title = {Deviation from Maxwell distribution in granular gases with constant restitution coefficient},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {We analyze the velocity distribution function of force-free granular gases in the regime of homogeneous cooling when deviations from the Maxwellian distribution may be accounted only by the leading term in the Sonine polynomial expansion, quantified by the second coefficient a2. We go beyond the linear approximation for a2 and find three different values (three roots) for this coefficient which correspond to a scaling solution of the Boltzmann equation. The stability analysis performed showed, however, that among these three roots only one corresponds to a stable scaling solution. This is very close to a2, obtained in previous studies in a linear with respect to a2 approximation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463059},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2809},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v61/i3/p2809},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v61/i3/p2809},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2809},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {2809--2812},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:48:02},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2809},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 291
@article{brey1998hydrodynamics_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Dufty, James W. and Kim, Chang S. and Santos, Andr\'{e}s},
	title = {Hydrodynamics for granular flow at low density},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {The hydrodynamic equations for a gas of hard spheres with dissipative dynamics are derived from the Boltzmann equation. The heat and momentum fluxes are calculated to Navier-Stokes order and the transport coefficients are determined as explicit functions of the coefficient of restitution. The dispersion relations for the corresponding linearized equations are obtained and the stability of this linear description is discussed. This requires consideration of the linear Burnett contributions to the energy balance equation from the energy sink term. Finally, it is shown how these results can be imbedded in simpler kinetic model equations with the potential for analysis of more complex states.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10463057},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4638},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v58/i4/p4638},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v58/i4/p4638},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4638},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {4638--4653},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 16:46:29},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4638},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 292
@article{brey1999brownian,

	author = {Brey, J. J. and Ruiz-Montero, M. J. and Garcia-Rojo, R. and Dufty, J. W.},
	title = {Brownian motion in a granular gas},
	journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW-SERIES E-},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {10462977},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	number = {6; PART B},
	pages = {7174--7181},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:29:49},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 293
@article{prados2000hysteresis,

	author = {Prados, A. and Brey and S\'{a}nchez-Rey, B.},
	title = {Hysteresis in vibrated granular media},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {Some general dynamical properties of models for compaction of granular media based on master equations are analyzed. In particular, a one-dimensional lattice model with short-ranged dynamical constraints is considered. The stationary state is consistent with Edward's theory of powders. The system is submitted to processes in which the tapping strength is monotonically increased and decreased. In such processes the behavior of the model resembles the reversible–irreversible branches which have been recently observed in experiments. This behavior is understood in terms of the general dynamical properties of the model, and related to the hysteresis cycles exhibited by structural glasses in thermal cycles. The existence of a  ” normal” solution, i.e., a special solution of the master equation which is monotonically approached by all the other solutions, plays a fundamental role in the understanding of the hysteresis effects.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462972},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00115-1},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00115-1},
	issn = {03784371},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {sep},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {277--298},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:28:00},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00115-1},
	volume = {284},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 294
@article{brey1999kinetic_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Dufty, James W. and Santos, Andr\'{e}s},
	title = {Kinetic Models for Granular Flow},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {The generalization of the Boltzmann and Enskog kinetic equations to allow inelastic collisions provides a basis for studies of granular media at a fundamental level. For elastic collisions the significant technical challenges presented in solving these equations have been circumvented by the use of corresponding model kinetic equations. The objective here is to discuss the formulation of model kinetic equations for the case of inelastic collisions. To illustrate the qualitative changes resulting from inelastic collisions the dynamics of a heavy particle in a gas of much lighter particles is considered first. The Boltzmann–Lorentz equation is reduced to a Fokker–Planck equation and its exact solution is obtained. Qualitative differences from the elastic case arise primarily from the cooling of the surrounding gas. The excitations, or physical spectrum, are no longer determined simply from the Fokker–Planck operator, but rather from a related operator incorporating the cooling effects. Nevertheless, it is shown that a diffusion mode dominates for long times just as in the elastic case. From the spectral analysis of the Fokker–Planck equation an associated kinetic model is obtained. In appropriate dimensionless variables it has the same form as the BGK kinetic model for elastic collisions, known to be an accurate representation of the Fokker–Planck equation. On the basis of these considerations, a kinetic model for the Boltzmann equation is derived. The exact solution for states near the homogeneous cooling state is obtained and the transport properties are discussed, including the relaxation toward hydrodynamics. As a second application of this model, it is shown that the exact solution for uniform shear flow arbitrarily far from equilibrium can be obtained from the corresponding known solution for elastic collisions. Finally, the kinetic model for the dense fluid Enskog equation is described.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462960},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004675320309},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/q82x636m3x3n6875},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1004675320309},
	issn = {00224715},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {1},
	pages = {281--322},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:24:25},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004675320309},
	volume = {97},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 295
@article{brito2007extension,

	author = {Brito, R. and Ernst, M. H.},
	title = {Extension of Haff's cooling law in granular flows},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {The total energy  E ( t ) in a fluid of inelastic particles is dissipated through inelastic collisions. When such systems are prepared in a homogeneous initial state and evolve undriven,  E ( t ) decays initially as  t −2  \~{} exp [ − 2 τ] (known as Haff's law), where τ is the average number of collisions suffered by a particle within time  t , and   = 1 − α 2  measures the degree of inelasticity, with α the coefficient of normal restitution. This decay law is extended for large times to  E ( t ) \~{} τ − d /2  in  d  dimensions, far into the nonlinear clustering regime. The theoretical predictions are quantitatively confirmed by computer simulations, and hold for small to moderate inelasticities with 0.6 < α < 1.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462955},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00388-9},
	day = {02},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i1998-00388-9},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {497+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:21:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00388-9},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 296
@article{brito1998noise_1,

	author = {Brito, R. and Ernst, M. H.},
	title = {Noise reduction and pattern formation in granular flows},
	journal = {J. Mod. Phys. C},
	year = {1998},

	citeulike-article-id = {10462951},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	pages = {1339},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:17:05},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 297
@article{brilliantov1998rolling_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, N. V. and P\"{o}schel, T.},
	title = {Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {A first-principle continuum-mechanics expression for the rolling friction coefficient is obtained for the rolling motion of a viscoelastic sphere on a hard plane. It relates the friction coefficient to the viscous and elastic constants of the sphere material. The relation obtained refers to the case when the deformation of the sphere ξ is small, the velocity of the sphere  V  is much less than the speed of sound in the material and when the characteristic time ξ/ V  is much larger than the dissipative relaxation times of the viscoelastic material. To our knowledge this is the first "first-principle" expression of the rolling friction coefficient which does not contain empirical parameters.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7291715},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00281-7},
	day = {01},
	doi = {10.1209/epl/i1998-00281-7},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {511+},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 15:13:54},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00281-7},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 298
@article{brockbank1997contact_1,

	author = {Brockbank, R. and Huntley, J. M. and Ball, R. C.},
	title = {Contact Force Distribution Beneath a Three-Dimensional Granular Pile},
	journal = {Journal de Physique II},
	year = {1997},

	citeulike-article-id = {10462532},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp2:1997200},
	doi = {10.1051/jp2:1997200},
	issn = {1155-4312},
	old_keywords = {mateusz, s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1521--1532},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:34:02},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp2:1997200},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 299
@article{brey1997dissipative_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Dufty, James W. and Santos, Andr\'{e}s},
	title = {Dissipative dynamics for hard spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics},
	year = {1997},

	abstract = {The dynamics for a system of hard spheres with dissipative collisions is described at the levels of statistical mechanics, kinetic theory, and simulation. The Liouville operator(s) and associated binary scattering operators are defined as the generators for time evolution in phase space. The BBGKY hierarchy for reduced distribution functions is given, and an approximate kinetic equation is obtained that extends the revised Enskog theory to dissipative dynamics. A Monte Carlo simulation method to solve this equation is described, extending the Bird method to the dense, dissipative hard-sphere system. A practical kinetic model for theoretical analysis of this equation also is proposed. As an illustration of these results, the kinetic theory and the Monte Carlo simulations are applied to the homogeneous cooling state of rapid granular flow.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462518},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181270},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/745744r1n1j2j628},
	day = {30},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02181270},
	issn = {0022-4715},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {jun},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1051--1066},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:22:14},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181270},
	volume = {87},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 300
@article{bretz1992imaging_1,

	author = {Bretz, Michael and Cunningham, Jevne B. and Kurczynski, Peter L. and Nori, Franco},
	title = {Imaging of avalanches in granular materials},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {1992},

	abstract = {Dry, noncohesive granular materials were very slowly driven to the threshold of instability where they produced avalanches. We have used digital image analysis to record avalanches that occurred on the surface of the incline. Results show large slides every 10–13 min which reset the surface from the maximum angle of stability, θc, back to the angle of repose, θr. We also find a power-law distribution of sizes for smaller avalanches occurring between the large sliding events. The number of these small avalanches follows a power-law dependence on the reduced angle, (θc-θ)/(θc-θr), or time, which demonstrates that θc behaves like a critical point.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462513},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2431},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v69/i16/p2431},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v69/i16/p2431},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2431},
	old_keywords = {mateusz, s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2431--2434},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:17:40},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2431},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 301
@book{briggs0000methods,

	author = {Briggs, Lyman J.},
	title = {Methods for measuring the coefficient of restitution and the spin of a ball (Research paper RP1624)},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {10462508},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/B0007HGBN6},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/B0007HGBN6},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/B0007HGBN6},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007HGBN6},
	citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007HGBN6/citeulike00-21},
	citeulike-linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/B0007HGBN6},
	howpublished = {Unknown Binding},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:14:18},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 302
@article{brilliantov1999rolling_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, N. V. and P\"{o}schel, T.},
	title = {Rolling as a  ” continuing collision”},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems},
	year = {1999},

	abstract = {We show that two basic mechanical processes, the collision of particles and rolling motion of a sphere on a plane, are intimately related. According to our recent findings, the restitution coefficient for colliding spherical particles , which characterizes the energy loss upon collision, is directly related to the rolling friction coefficient for a viscous sphere on a hard plane. We quantify both coefficients in terms of material constants which allows to determine either of them provided the other is known. This relation between the coefficients may give rise to a novel experimental technique to determine alternatively the coefficient of restitution or the coefficient of rolling friction.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7291718},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510051007},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/9ew4pepky7cj798j},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510051007},
	issn = {1434-6028},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {nov},
	number = {2},
	pages = {299--301},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:11:33},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510051007},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 303
@article{brilliantov1996model_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, Nikolai V. and Spahn, Frank and Hertzsch, Jan M. and P\"{o}schel, Thorsten},
	title = {Model for collisions in granular gases},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {We propose a model for collisions between particles of a granular material and calculate the restitution coefficients for the normal and tangential motion as functions of the impact velocity from considerations of dissipative viscoelastic collisions. Existing models of impact with dissipation as well as the classical Hertz impact theory are included in the present model as special cases. We find that the type of collision (smooth, reflecting or sticky) is determined by the impact velocity and by the surface properties of the colliding grains. We observe a rather nontrivial dependence of the tangential restitution coefficient on the impact velocity. {\copyright} 1996 The American Physical Society.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2954796},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5382},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v53/i5/p5382},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v53/i5/p5382},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5382},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {may},
	number = {5},
	pages = {5382--5392},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:09:55},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5382},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 304
@article{brey1996homogeneous_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Montero, M. J. Ruiz and Cubero, D.},
	title = {Homogeneous cooling state of a low-density granular flow},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {1996},

	abstract = {The homogeneous cooling state of a granular flow of smooth spherical particles described by the Boltzmann equation is investigated by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The velocity moments and also the velocity distribution function are obtained and compared with approximate analytical results derived recently. The accuracy of a Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation with a time-dependent temperature is discussed. Besides, the simulations show that the state of uniform density is unstable to long enough wavelength perturbations so that clusters and voids spontaneously form throughout the system. The instability has the characteristic features of the clustering instability which has been observed in molecular dynamics simulations of dense fluids and predicted by hydrodynamic models of granular flows. {\copyright}1996 The American Physical Society.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10462499},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.54.3664},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v54/i4/p3664},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v54/i4/p3664},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.54.3664},
	old_keywords = {s\_luding},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {3664--3671},
	posted-at = {2012-03-16 10:07:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.54.3664},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		hardcopyluding,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 305
@article{heussinger2009jamming,

	author = {Heussinger, C. and Barrat, J. L.},
	title = {Jamming Transition as Probed by Quasistatic Shear Flow},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {10443032},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.218303},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.218303},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.218303},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {21},
	pages = {218303-1--218303-4},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 18:08:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.218303},
	volume = {102},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 306
@article{otsuki2011critical,

	author = {Otsuki, M. and Hayakawa, H.},
	title = {Critical scaling near jamming transition for frictional granular particles},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442969},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051301},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {5},
	pages = {051301-1--051301-19},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:51:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051301},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 307
@article{ciamarra2010recent,

	author = {Ciamarra, M. P. and Nicodemi, M. and Coniglio, A.},
	title = {Recent results on the jamming phase diagram},
	journal = {Soft Matter},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442968},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b926810c},
	doi = {10.1039/b926810c},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2871},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:50:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b926810c},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 308
@article{trappe2001jamming,

	author = {Trappe, V. and Prasad, V. and Cipelletti, L. and Segre, P. N. and Weitz, D. A.},
	title = {Jamming phase diagram for attractive particles.},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {2001},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442967},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459050},
	editor = {Schuhmann, ElisabethEditor},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {6839},
	pages = {772--775},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:50:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459050},
	volume = {411},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 309
@article{silbert2002geometry_1,

	author = {Silbert, L. E. and Deniz, E. and Grest, G. S. and Halsey, T. C. and Levine, D.},
	title = {Geometry of frictionless and frictional sphere packings},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2002},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442964},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.031304},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.031304},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.65.031304},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {3},
	pages = {031304-1--031304-6},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:50:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.031304},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 310
@article{muller2010force,

	author = {M\"{u}ller, M. K. and Luding, S. and P\"{o}schel, T.},
	title = {Force statistics and correlations in dense granular packings},
	journal = {Chemical Physics},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442961},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.07.020},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301010410003460},
	comment = {<ce:title>Stochastic processes in Physics and Chemistry (in honor of Peter H\"{a}nggi)</ce:title>},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.07.020},
	old_keywords = {and, correlations, force, sj\_nk, stress},
	number = {2–3},
	pages = {600--605},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:49:56},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301010410003460},
	volume = {375},

	keywords = {
		force,
		sjnk,
		stress,
	},

}

ref_id = 311
@article{erikson2002force_1,

	author = {Erikson, J. M. and Mueggenburg, N. W. and Jaeger, H. M. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Force distributions in three-dimensional compressible granular packs},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2002},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442959},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.66.040301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.66.040301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.66.040301},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {4},
	pages = {040301-1--040301-4},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:49:33},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.66.040301},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 312
@article{liu1995force_1,

	author = {Liu, C. H. and Nagel, S. R. and Schecter, D. A. and Coppersmith, S. N. and Majumdar, S. and Narayan, O. and Witten, T. A.},
	title = {Force fluctuations in bead packs.},
	journal = {Science},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442957},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11088813},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {5223},
	pages = {513--515},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:49:01},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11088813},
	volume = {269},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 313
@article{wyart2005rigidity,

	author = {Wyart, M.},
	title = {On the rigidity of amorphous solids},
	journal = {Annales de Physique},
	year = {2005},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442944},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/anphys:2006003},
	doi = {10.1051/anphys:2006003},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1--96},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:43:44},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/anphys:2006003},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 314
@article{silbert2005vibrations,

	author = {Silbert, L. E. and Liu, A. J. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Vibrations and Diverging Length Scales Near the Unjamming Transition},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2005},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442943},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.098301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.098301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.098301},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {9},
	pages = {098301-1--098301-4},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:43:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.098301},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 315
@article{zhang2010jamming,

	author = {Zhang, J. and Majmudar, T. S. and Sperl, M. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Jamming for a 2D granular material},
	journal = {Soft Matter},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {This paper focuses on the nature of jamming, as seen in two-dimensional frictional granular systems consisting of photoelastic particles. The photoelastic technique is unique at this time, in its capability to provide detailed particle-scale information on forces and kinematic quantities such as particle displacements and rotations. These experiments first explore isotropic stress states near point J through measurements of the mean contact number per particle, Z, and the pressure, P as functions of the packing fraction, [small phi]. In this case, the experiments show some but not all aspects of jamming, as expected on the basis of simulations and models that typically assume conservative, hence frictionless, forces between particles. Specifically, there is a rapid growth in Z, at a reasonable [small phi] which we identify with as [small phi]c. It is possible to fit Z and P, to power law expressions in [small phi]-[small phi]c above [small phi]c, and to obtain exponents that are in agreement with simulations and models. However, the experiments differ from theory on several points, as typified by the rounding that is observed in Z and P near [small phi]c. The application of shear to these same 2D granular systems leads to phenomena that are qualitatively different from the standard picture of jamming. In particular, there is a range of packing fractions below [small phi]c, where the application of shear strain at constant [small phi] leads to jammed stress-anisotropic states, i.e. they have a non-zero shear stress, [small tau]. The application of shear strain to an initially isotropically compressed (hence jammed) state, does not lead to an unjammed state per se. Rather, shear strain at constant [small phi] first leads to an increase of both [small tau] and P. Additional strain leads to a succession of jammed states interspersed with relatively localized failures of the force network leading to other stress-anisotropic states that are jammed at typically somewhat lower stress. The locus of jammed states requires a state space that involves not only [small phi] and [small tau], but also P. P, [small tau], and Z are all hysteretic functions of shear strain for fixed [small phi]. However, we find that both P and [small tau] are roughly linear functions of Z for strains large enough to jam the system. This implies that these shear-jammed states satisfy a Coulomb like-relation, |[small tau]| = [small mu]P.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10442942},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000147c},
	doi = {10.1039/c000147c},
	old_keywords = {grains, sj\_nk},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2982--2991},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:43:02},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000147c},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		grain,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 316
@article{vragberg2011glassiness,

	author = {V\r{a}gberg, D. and Olsson, P. and Teitel, S.},
	title = {Glassiness, rigidity, and jamming of frictionless soft core disks},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442941},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031307},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031307},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031307},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {3},
	pages = {031307-1--031307-9},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:42:07},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031307},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 317
@article{ohern2003jamming_1,

	author = {O'Hern, C. S. and Silbert, L. E. and Liu, A. J. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Jamming at zero temperature and zero applied stress: The epitome of disorder},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442940},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.011306},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.011306},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.68.011306},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {1},
	pages = {011306-1--011306-19},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:41:48},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.011306},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 318
@article{candelier2009creep,

	author = {Candelier, R. and Dauchot, O.},
	title = {Creep Motion of an Intruder within a Granular Glass Close to Jamming},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442935},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128001},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128001},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128001},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	pages = {128001},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:40:51},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.128001},
	volume = {103},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 319
@article{liu2010granular,

	author = {Liu, A. J. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Granular and jammed materials},
	journal = {Soft Matter},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442925},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C005388K},
	doi = {10.1039/C005388K},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2869--2870},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:36:14},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C005388K},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 320
@article{zhang2010statistical_1,

	author = {Zhang, J. and Majmudar, T. and Tordesillas, A. and Behringer, R.},
	title = {Statistical properties of a 2D granular material subjected to cyclic shear},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {10442924},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0170-2},
	comment = {10.1007/s10035-010-0170-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-010-0170-2},
	old_keywords = {sj\_nk},
	number = {2},
	pages = {159--172},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:35:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0170-2},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 321
@article{liu1998nonlinear_1,

	author = {Liu, A. J. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Nonlinear dynamics: Jamming is not just cool any more},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {1998},

	abstract = {All around us, things seem to be getting jammed. We travel on a highway and we are caught in traffic jams.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10442923},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/23819},
	day = {05},
	doi = {10.1038/23819},
	old_keywords = {glass, glass\_paper, jamming, nonlinear\_dynamics, sj\_nk},
	number = {6706},
	pages = {21--22},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 17:34:36},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/23819},
	volume = {396},

	keywords = {
		glass,
		glass,paper,
		jamming,
		nonlinearity,dynamics,
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 322
@article{rock2008steady_1,

	author = {R\"{o}ck, Michael and Morgeneyer, Martin and Schwedes, J\"{o}rg and Kadau, Dirk and Brendel, Lothar and Wolf, Dietrich E.},
	title = {Steady state flow of cohesive and non-cohesive powders},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {Steady state flow of powders is a crucial concept to investigate the powders' strength and flow properties. This state is defined as a continuous deformation of the material without volume change while the stresses at the specimen's boundaries remain constant. Recent investigations have shown that this state, especially for cohesive powders, is not always as constant as it should be by definition. This paper presents experimental and numerical work, both for cohesive and non-cohesive powders. The experimental part focuses on the use of different control strategies, leading to steady state flow of different quality. Differences between steady state flow for cohesive and non-cohesive powders are shown.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2940679},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0088-0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/10035/2008/00000010/00000004/00000088},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/8w77612643494j14},
	day = {1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0088-0},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	month = {jun},
	number = {4},
	pages = {285--293},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 13:01:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0088-0},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 323
@article{ezaoui2009experimental,

	author = {Ezaoui, A. and Benedetto},
	title = {Experimental measurements of the global anisotropic elastic behaviour of dry Hostun sand during triaxial tests, and effect of sample preparation},
	journal = {G\'{e}otechnique},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {10441024},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00042},
	day = {09},
	doi = {10.1680/geot.7.00042},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {7},
	pages = {621--635},
	posted-at = {2012-03-12 09:53:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00042},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 324
@article{majmudar2007jamming_1,

	author = {Majmudar, T. S. and Sperl, M. and Luding, S. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Jamming Transition in Granular Systems},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2007},

	abstract = {Recent simulations have predicted that near jamming for collections of spherical particles, there will be a discontinuous increase in the mean contact number Z at a critical volume fraction ϕc. Above ϕc, Z and the pressure P are predicted to increase as power laws in ϕ-ϕc. In experiments using photoelastic disks we corroborate a rapid increase in Z at ϕc and power-law behavior above ϕc for Z and P. Specifically we find a power-law increase as a function of ϕ-ϕc for Z-Zc with an exponent β around 0.5, and for P with an exponent ψ around 1.1. These exponents are in good agreement with simulations. We also find reasonable agreement with a recent mean-field theory for frictionless particles.},
	citeulike-article-id = {2184078},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PRLTAO000098000005058001000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v98/e058001},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.058001},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v98/i5/e058001},
	citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v98/i5/e058001},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.058001},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	month = {jan},
	number = {5},
	pages = {058001:1--4},
	posted-at = {2012-03-09 17:33:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.058001},
	volume = {98},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 325
@article{magnanimo2012nonlinear,

	author = {Magnanimo, V. and Luding, S.},
	title = {A 2D non-linear constitutive model with anisotropyfor granular materials},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10432936},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, s\_luding},
	number = {Under review},
	posted-at = {2012-03-09 16:40:23},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		hardcopyluding,
	},

}

ref_id = 326
@article{shaebani2012influence,

	author = {Shaebani, M. R. and Madadi, M. and Luding, S. and Wolf, D. E.},
	title = {Influence of polydispersity on micromechanics of granular materials},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2012},

	abstract = {We study the effect of polydispersity on the macroscopic physical properties of granular packings in two and three dimensions. A mean-field approach is developed to approximate the macroscale quantities as functions of the microscopic ones. We show that the trace of the fabric and stress tensors are proportional to the mean packing properties (e.g., packing fraction, average coordination number, and average normal force) and dimensionless correction factors, which depend only on the moments of the particle-size distribution. Similar results are obtained for the elements of the stiffness tensor of isotropic packings in the linear affine response regime. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the simulation results.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10428096},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.011301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v85/i1/e011301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v85/i1/e011301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.85.011301},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {1},
	pages = {011301:1--12},
	posted-at = {2012-03-08 16:43:40},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.011301},
	volume = {85},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 327
@article{duran2010analysis,

	author = {Dur\'{a}n, O. and Kruyt, N. P. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Analysis of three-dimensional micro-mechanical strain formulations for granular materials: Evaluation of accuracy},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {An important objective of recent research on micro-mechanics of granular materials is to develop macroscopic constitutive relations in terms of micro-mechanical quantities at inter-particle contacts. Although the micro-mechanical formulation of the stress tensor is well established, the corresponding formulation for the strain tensor has proven to be much more evasive, still being the subject of much discussion. In this paper, we study various micro-mechanical strain formulations for three-dimensional granular assemblies, following the work of Bagi in two dimensions (Bagi, 2006). All of these formulations are either based on an equivalent continuum approach, or follow the best-fit approach. Their accuracy is evaluated by comparing their results, using data from Discrete Element Method simulations on periodic assemblies, to the macroscopic deformation. It is found that Bagi's formulation (Bagi, 1996), which is based on the Delaunay tessellation of space, is the most accurate. Furthermore, the best-fit formulation based on particle displacements only did unexpectedly well, in contrast to previously reported results for two-dimensional assemblies.},
	citeulike-article-id = {5924823},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.09.035},
	day = {08},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.09.035},
	issn = {00207683},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {2},
	pages = {251--260},
	posted-at = {2012-03-08 16:40:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.09.035},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 328
@article{duran2010micromechanical_1,

	author = {Dur\'{a}n, O. and Kruyt, N. P. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Micro-mechanical analysis of deformation characteristics of three-dimensional granular materials},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {2010},

	abstract = {The deformation characteristics of idealized granular materials have been studied from the micro-mechanical viewpoint, using Bagi's three-dimensional micro-mechanical formulation for the strain tensor [Bagi, K., 1996. Mechanics of Materials 22, 165–177]. This formulation is based on the Delaunay tessellation of space into tetrahedra. The set of edges of the tetrahedra can be divided into physical contacts and virtual contacts between particles. Bagi's formulation expresses the continuum, macro-scale strain as an average over all edges, of their relative displacements (between two successive states) and the complementary-area vectors. This latter vector is a geometrical quantity determined from the set of edges, i.e. from the structure of the particle packing. Results from Discrete Element Method simulations of isotropic and triaxial loading of a three-dimensional polydisperse packing of spheres have been used to investigate statistics of the branch vectors and complementary-area vectors of edges (subdivided into physical and virtual contacts) and of the relative displacements of edges. The investigated statistics are probability density functions and averages over groups of edges with the same orientation. It is shown that these averages can be represented by second-order Fourier series in edge orientation. Edge orientations are distributed isotropically, contrary to contact orientations. The average lengths of the branch vectors and the normal component of the complementary-area vectors are distributed isotropically (with respect to the edge orientation) and their average values are related to each other and to the volume fraction of the assembly. The other two components of the complementary-area vector are zero on average. The total deformation of the assembly, as given by the average of the relative displacements of the edges of the Delaunay tessellation follows the uniform-strain prediction. However, neither the deformation of the physical contact network nor of the virtual contact network has this property. The average relative displacement of physical edges in the normal direction (determined by the branch vector) is smaller than that according to the uniform-strain assumption, while that of virtual contacts is larger. This is caused by the high interparticle stiffness that hinders compression. The reverse observation holds for the tangential component of the relative displacement vector. The contribution of the deformation of the empty space between physical contacts to the continuum, macro-scale strain tensor is therefore very important for the understanding and the prediction of the macro-scale deformation of granular materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {7085477},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.04.014},
	day = {22},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.04.014},
	issn = {00207683},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {17},
	pages = {2234--2245},
	posted-at = {2012-03-08 16:37:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.04.014},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 329
@article{taberlet2006shape,

	author = {Taberlet, N. and Richard, P. and John Hinch, E.},
	title = {Shape of a granular pile in a rotating drum},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {2006},

	citeulike-article-id = {10199315},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.050301},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.050301},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.73.050301},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	month = {may},
	pages = {050301},
	posted-at = {2012-01-04 18:24:56},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.050301},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 330
@article{brewster2009effects,

	author = {Brewster, Robert and Grest, Gary S. and Levine, Alex J.},
	title = {Effects of cohesion on the surface angle and velocity profiles of granular material in a rotating drum},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2009},

	abstract = {Large scale, discrete element simulations are performed to study the dynamics of a rotating drum partially filled with cohesive granular particles. The continuous avalanche regime is explored using a simple model for interparticle cohesion in order to simulate the effects of granular media in the presence of a wetting fluid. The shape of the free surface for cohesionless particles ranges from flat to a concave S shape depending on the rotation rate and frictional properties between the grains and the drum side walls. The presence of interparticle cohesion reduces the concavity of the free surface and pushes the free surface towards a flat or even slightly convex shape. From contour plots of the velocity, we show how the position of the vortex core (the stationary spot in the laboratory frame) depends on the rotation speed and interparticle cohesion strength and how this relationship can be understood from considerations of the incompressibility condition on the mass flow.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10198437},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011305},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v79/i1/e011305},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/pdf/PRE/v79/i1/e011305},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011305},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {011305+},
	posted-at = {2012-01-04 15:22:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011305},
	volume = {79},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 331
@article{grasselli1998experimental_1,

	author = {Grasselli, Y. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Experimental study of granular stratification},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {1998},

	citeulike-article-id = {10192036},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {1},
	pages = {43--47},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:54:32},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 332
@article{pont2003wall,

	author = {Pont, S. and Gondret, P. and Perrin, B. and Rabaud, M.},
	title = {Wall effects on granular heap stability},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {10192031},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	pages = {492},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:49:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 333
@book{minifie1999chocolate,

	author = {Minifie, B. W.},
	title = {Chocolate, cocoa, and confectionery: science and technology},
	publisher = {Springer},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {10192009},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:11:19},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 334
@article{kaye1995effect,

	author = {Kaye, B. H. and Gratton-Liimatainen, J. and Lloyd, J.},
	title = {The effect of flowagents on the rheology of a plastic powder},
	journal = {Particle \& particle systems characterization},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {10192006},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {4},
	pages = {194--197},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:10:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 335
@article{tegzes2003development,

	author = {Tegzes, P. and Vicsek, T. and Schiffer, P.},
	title = {Development of correlations in the dynamics of wet granular avalanches},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191999},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {5},
	pages = {051303},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:02:49},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	volume = {67},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 336
@article{mellmann2001transverse,

	author = {Mellmann, J.},
	title = {The transverse motion of solids in rotating cylinders—forms of motion and transition behavior},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2001},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191997},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {3},
	pages = {251--270},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:01:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	volume = {118},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 337
@book{kaye1997powder,

	author = {Kaye, B. H.},
	title = {Powder mixing},
	publisher = {Springer},
	year = {1997},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191994},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 16:01:01},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 338
@article{thalberg2004comparison,

	author = {Thalberg, K. and Lindholm, D. and Axelsson, A.},
	title = {Comparison of different flowability tests for powders for inhalation},
	journal = {Powder technology},
	year = {2004},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191987},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {3},
	pages = {206--213},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 15:53:39},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	volume = {146},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 339
@article{kaye1995studying,

	author = {Kaye, B. H. and Gratton-Liimatainen, J. and Faddis, N.},
	title = {Studying the avalanching behaviour of a powder in a rotating disc},
	journal = {Particle \& particle systems characterization},
	year = {1995},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191882},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {5},
	pages = {232--236},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 13:45:54},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
	},

}

ref_id = 340
@article{miller2008impact_2,

	author = {Miller, K. B. and Hurst, W. J. and Payne, M. J. and Stuart, D. A. and Apgar, J. and Sweigart, D. S. and Ou, B.},
	title = {Impact of alkalization on the antioxidant and flavanol content of commercial cocoa powders},
	journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {10191870},
	old_keywords = {mateusz},
	number = {18},
	pages = {8527--8533},
	posted-at = {2012-01-02 13:38:12},
	priority = {0},
	publisher = {ACS Publications},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		mateusz,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 341
@article{bi2011jamming,

	author = {Bi, D. and Zhang, J. and Chakraborty, B. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Jamming by shear},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {2011},

	abstract = {A broad class of disordered materials including foams, glassy molecular systems, colloids and granular materials can form jammed states. A jammed system can resist small stresses without deforming irreversibly, whereas unjammed systems flow under any applied stresses. The broad applicability of the LiuNagel jamming concept has attracted intensive theoretical and modelling interest but has prompted less experimental effort. In the LiuNagel framework, jammed states of athermal systems exist only above a certain critical density. Although numerical simulations for particles that do not experience friction broadly support this idea, the nature of the jamming transition for frictional grains is less clear. Here we show that jamming of frictional, disk-shaped grains can be induced by the application of shear stress at densities lower than the critical value, at which isotropic (shear-free) jamming occurs. These jammed states have a much richer phenomenology than the isotropic jammed states: for small applied shear stresses, the states are fragile, with a strong force network that percolates only in one direction. A minimum shear stress is needed to create robust, shear-jammed states with a strong force network percolating in all directions. The transitions from unjammed to fragile states and from fragile to shear-jammed states are controlled by the fraction of force-bearing grains. The fractions at which these transitions occur are statistically independent of the density. Jammed states with densities lower than the critical value have an anisotropic fabric (contact network). The minimum anisotropy of shear-jammed states vanishes as the density approaches the critical value from below, in a manner reminiscent of an orderdisorder transition.},
	citeulike-article-id = {10135732},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10667},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10667},
	day = {15},
	doi = {10.1038/nature10667},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	old_keywords = {jamming, paper\_1, shear, sj\_nk},
	number = {7377},
	pages = {355--358},
	posted-at = {2011-12-19 12:07:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10667},
	volume = {480},

	keywords = {
		jamming,
		paper1,
		shear,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 342
@article{zetzener1998deformation,

	author = {Zetzener, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Deformation behaviour and relaxation of bulk solids at different deformation rates},
	journal = {6th Intl. Conf. on Handling and Transportation},
	year = {1998},

	citeulike-article-id = {10085909},
	comment = {Zetzener},
	old_keywords = {biaxial, paper\_1},
	pages = {51--55},
	posted-at = {2011-12-01 13:59:05},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Wollongong NSW, Australia},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 343
@article{wang2011unified,

	author = {Wang, J. and Jiang, M.},
	title = {Unified soil behaviour of interface shear test and direct shear test under the influence of lower moving boundaries},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10085897},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-011-0275-2},
	comment = {DOI 10.1007/s10035-011-0275-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-011-0275-2},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, shear\_test},
	number = {5},
	pages = {631--641},
	posted-at = {2011-12-01 13:49:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-011-0275-2},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		shear,
	},

}

ref_id = 344
@article{zhao2011numerical,

	author = {Zhao, X. and Evans, T. M.},
	title = {Numerical analysis of critical state behaviors of granular soils under different loading conditions},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084262},
	old_keywords = {critical\_state, paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	number = {6},
	pages = {751--674},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:50:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 345
@article{yun2011evolution,

	author = {Yun, T. S. and Evans, T. M.},
	title = {Evolution of at-rest lateral stress for cemented sands: experimental and numerical investigation},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084252},
	old_keywords = {lateral\_stress, paper\_1},
	number = {5},
	pages = {671--683},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:46:53},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 346
@article{walsh2004thermomechanical_1,

	author = {Walsh, S. D. C. and Tordesillas, A.},
	title = {A thermomechanical approach to the development of micropolar constitutive models of granular media},
	journal = {Acta mechanica},
	year = {2004},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084246},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, thermomechanical},
	number = {3},
	pages = {145--169},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:42:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {167},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		thermomechanics,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 347
@article{sun2011constitutive,

	author = {Sun, J. and Sundaresan, S.},
	title = {A constitutive model with microstructure evolution for flow of rate-independent granular materials},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084235},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, plasticity, sj\_nk},
	pages = {590--616},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:39:03},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {682},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		plasticity,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 348
@article{saadatfar2012mapping,

	author = {Saadatfar, M. and Sheppard, A. P. and Senden, T. J. and Kabla, A. J.},
	title = {Mapping forces in a 3D elastic assembly of grains},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {2012},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084230},
	old_keywords = {forces, mapping, paper\_1},
	number = {1},
	pages = {55--66},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:34:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		force,
		mapping,
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 349
@article{rock2007visualization,

	author = {R\"{o}ck, M. and Morgeneyer, M. and Schwedes, J. and Brendel, L. and Wolf, D. E. and Kadau, D.},
	title = {Visualization of shear motions of cohesive powders in the true biaxial shear tester},
	journal = {Particulate Science and Technology},
	year = {2007},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084226},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep, motion, paper\_1, shear, sj\_nk, visualization},
	number = {1},
	pages = {43--54},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:32:57},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
		motion,
		paper1,
		shear,
		sjnk,
		visualization,
	},

}

ref_id = 350
@article{rock2008steady_2,

	author = {R\"{o}ck, M. and Morgeneyer, M. and Schwedes, J. and Kadau, D. and Brendel, L. and Wolf, D. E.},
	title = {Steady state flow of cohesive and non-cohesive powders},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084222},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep, paper\_1, steady-state},
	number = {4},
	pages = {285--293},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
		paper1,
		steady,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 351
@article{radjai1998bimodal_1,

	author = {Radjai, F. and Wolf, D. E. and Jean, M. and Moreau, J. J.},
	title = {Bimodal Character of Stress Transmission in Granular Packings},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {1998},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084220},
	old_keywords = {bimodal, paper\_1, stress},
	number = {1},
	pages = {61--64},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:29:01},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	volume = {80},

	keywords = {
		bimodal,
		paper1,
		stress,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 352
@article{radjai1999contact_1,

	author = {Radjai, F. and Roux, S. and Moreau, J. J.},
	title = {Contact forces in a granular packing.},
	journal = {Chaos},
	year = {1999},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084217},
	old_keywords = {contact\_forces, paper\_1},
	number = {3},
	pages = {544--550},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:27:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		contact,force,
		paper1,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 353
@article{radjai2002turbulentlike_1,

	author = {Radjai, F. and Roux, S.},
	title = {Turbulentlike fluctuations in quasistatic flow of granular media},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2002},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084214},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, quasistatic, turbulentlike},
	number = {6},
	pages = {064302:1--4},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:25:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		quasistatic,
		turbulence,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 354
@article{philippe2011settlement,

	author = {Philippe, P. and Bonnet, F. and Nicot, F.},
	title = {Settlement of a granular material: boundary versus volume loading},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084212},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1, settlement},
	number = {5},
	pages = {585--598},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:23:00},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		settlement,
	},

}

ref_id = 355
@article{morgeneyer2003investigation,

	author = {Morgeneyer, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Investigation of powder properties using alternating strain paths},
	journal = {Task Quarterly},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084208},
	old_keywords = {biaxial, cohesive\_creep, paper\_1, schwedes},
	number = {4},
	pages = {571--578},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:19:50},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 356
@article{morgeneyer2003make,

	author = {Morgeneyer, M. and Brendel, L. and Farkas, Z. and Kadau, D. and Wolf, D. E. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Can one make a powder forget its history?},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th international conference for conveying and handling of particulate solids},
	year = {2003},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084195},
	old_keywords = {cohesive\_creep, history, morgeneyer, paper\_1},
	pages = {12:118--124},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:11:52},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		cohesion,creep,cohesivecreep,
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 357
@article{magnanimo2011local,

	author = {Magnanimo, V. and Luding, S.},
	title = {A local constitutive model with anisotropy for ratcheting under 2D axial-symmetric isobaric deformation},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084191},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, magnanimo, paper\_1, ratcheting},
	number = {3},
	pages = {225--232},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:07:36},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		paper1,
		ratcheting,
	},

}

ref_id = 358
@article{luding2011local,

	author = {Luding, S. and Perdahc{\i}o\u{g}lu, E. S.},
	title = {A Local Constitutive Model with Anisotropy for Various Homogeneous 2D Biaxial Deformation Modes},
	journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084188},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, constitutive, luding, paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	number = {5},
	pages = {672--688},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:04:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		paper1,
		sjnk,
	},

}

ref_id = 359
@article{luding2001micromacro_1,

	author = {Luding, S. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Micro-macro transition for cohesive granular media},
	journal = {Zur Beschreibung komplexen Materialverhaltens, Institut f\"{u}r Mechanik, S. Diebels (Ed.), Stuttgart},
	year = {2001},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084180},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, luding, paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	pages = {121--134},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 18:01:03},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		paper1,
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 360
@article{luding2005anisotropy_1,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Anisotropy in cohesive, frictional granular media},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {2005},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084156},
	old_keywords = {ansiotropy, paper\_1, sj\_nk},
	number = {24},
	pages = {S2623--S2640},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 17:49:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		paper1,
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 361
@article{imole2011deformation,

	author = {Imole, O. I. and Kumar, N. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Deformation modes of packings of frictionless polydisperse spheres},
	journal = {Particulate Systems Analysis Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084149},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www2.msm.ctw.utwente.nl/sluding/publications.html},
	old_keywords = {deviatoric, imole, paper\_1, sj\_nk, uniaxial},
	pages = {1--6},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 17:42:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www2.msm.ctw.utwente.nl/sluding/publications.html},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
		sjnk,
		uniaxial,
	},

}

ref_id = 362
@article{hayhurst1972creep,

	author = {Hayhurst, D. R.},
	title = {Creep rupture under multi-axial states of stress},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {1972},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084128},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {6},
	pages = {381--382},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 17:28:55},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 363
@article{fredlund1979second,

	author = {Fredlund, D. G.},
	title = {Second Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Appropriate concepts and technology for unsaturated soils},
	journal = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
	year = {1979},

	citeulike-article-id = {10084126},
	old_keywords = {paper\_1},
	number = {1},
	pages = {121--139},
	posted-at = {2011-11-30 17:23:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {NRC Research Press},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		paper1,
	},

}

ref_id = 364
@article{weir0000modified,

	author = {Weir, G. and Dolby, C.},
	title = {A modified kinematic model for the discharge of a granular-like material from long vertical cylinders},
	journal = {Waves in Random Media},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653134},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Weir, Dolby - 1999 - A modified kinematic model for the discharge of a granular-like material from long vertical cylinders.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {369-392+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:52},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Weir, Dolby - 1999 - A modified kinematic model for the discharge of a granular-like material from long vertical cylinders.pdf},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 365
@article{verdaguer0000molecular,

	author = {Verdaguer and Sacha, G. M. and Bluhm, H. and Salmeron, M.},
	title = {Molecular structure of water at interfaces: wetting at the nanometer scale},
	journal = {Chemical reviews},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653133},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Verdaguer et al. - 2006 - Molecular structure of water at interfaces wetting at the nanometer scale.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1478-510+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:51},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Verdaguer et al. - 2006 - Molecular structure of water at interfaces wetting at the nanometer scale.pdf},
	volume = {106},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 366
@article{vasquez0000friction,

	author = {Vasquez, N.},
	title = {Friction measurement in dense phase plug flow analysis},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653132},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vasquez - 2003 - Friction measurement in dense phase plug flow analysis.pdf},
	old_keywords = {conveying, database, dem, dense, flow, friction, jps, phase, plug, pneumatic, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {167-183+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:51},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vasquez - 2003 - Friction measurement in dense phase plug flow analysis.pdf},
	volume = {137},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		dense,
		flow,
		friction,
		jps,
		phase,
		plug,
		pneumatic,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 367
@article{vanel0000pressure_1,

	author = {Vanel, L. and Cl\~{A}{\copyright}ment, E.},
	title = {Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653131},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vanel, Cl\~{A}{\copyright}ment - 1999 - Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {525-533+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:51},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vanel, Cl\~{A}{\copyright}ment - 1999 - Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column.pdf},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 368
@article{thornton0000numerical_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Zhang, L.},
	title = {Numerical Simulations of the Direct Shear Test},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653130},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Zhang - 2003 - Numerical Simulations of the Direct Shear Test.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {153-156+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:50},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Zhang - 2003 - Numerical Simulations of the Direct Shear Test.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 369
@article{talon0000model,

	author = {Talon, C. and Curnier, A.},
	title = {A model of adhesion coupled to contact and friction},
	journal = {European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653129},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Talon, Curnier - 2003 - A model of adhesion coupled to contact and friction.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {545-565+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Talon, Curnier - 2003 - A model of adhesion coupled to contact and friction.pdf},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 370
@article{takahashi0000flow,

	author = {Takahashi, H. and Yanai, H.},
	title = {Flow profile and void fraction of granular solids in a moving bed},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653128},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Takahashi, Yanai - 1973 - Flow profile and void fraction of granular solids in a moving bed.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jps, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {205-214+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Takahashi, Yanai - 1973 - Flow profile and void fraction of granular solids in a moving bed.pdf},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jps,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 371
@article{sun0000some,

	author = {Sun, Q. and Wang, G. and Hu, K.},
	title = {Some open problems in granular matter mechanics},
	journal = {Progress in Natural Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653127},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sun, Wang, Hu - 2009 - Some open problems in granular matter mechanics.pdf},
	old_keywords = {chain, contact, database, debris, dem, flow, force, granular, jps, matter, mechanics, multiscale, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {523-529+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sun, Wang, Hu - 2009 - Some open problems in granular matter mechanics.pdf},
	volume = {19},

	keywords = {
		chain,
		contact,
		debris,
		dem,
		flow,
		force,
		granular,
		jps,
		matter,
		mechanics,
		multiscale,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 372
@article{sukumaran0000influence,

	author = {Sukumaran, B.},
	title = {Influence of inherent particle characteristics on hopper flow rate},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653126},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sukumaran - 2003 - Influence of inherent particle characteristics on hopper flow rate.pdf},
	old_keywords = {characteristic, database, dem, flow, hopper, inherent, jps, particle, powder, rate},
	number = {1},
	pages = {46-50+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:55:49},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sukumaran - 2003 - Influence of inherent particle characteristics on hopper flow rate.pdf},
	volume = {138},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		flow,
		hopper,
		jps,
		particle,
		powder,
		rate,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 373
@article{cundall0000modeling_1,

	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Strack, O. D. L.},
	title = {Modeling of microscopic mechanisms in granular material},
	journal = {Mechanics of Granular Materials: New Models and Constitutive Relations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Understanding and modelling the dynamic behaviour of particulate systems has been a major research focus worldwide for many years. Discrete particle simulation plays an important role in this area. This technique can provide dynamic information, such as the trajectories of and transient forces acting on individual particles, which is difficult to obtain by the conventional experimental techniques. Consequently, it has been increasingly used by various investigators for different particulate processes. In spite of the large bulk volume, little effort has been made to comprehensively review and summarize the progress made in the past. To overcome this gap, we have recently completed a review of the major work in this area in two separate parts. The first part has been published [Zhu, H.P., Zhou, Z.Y., Yang, R.Y., Yu, A.B., 2007. Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: theoretical developments. Chemical Engineering Science 62, 3378-3392.], which reviews the major theoretical developments. This paper is the second one, aiming to provide a summary of the studies based on discrete particle simulation in the past two decades or so. The studies are categorized into three subject areas: particle packing, particle flow, and particle-fluid flow. The major findings are discussed, with emphasis on the microdynamics including packing/flow structure and particle-particle, particle-fluid and particle-wall interaction forces. It is concluded that discrete particle simulation is an effective method for particle scale research of particulate matter. The needs for future research are also discussed. 漏 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	address = {Lab for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653116},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cundall, Strack - 1983 - Modeling of microscopic mechanisms in granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54449092240\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Export Date: 27 November 2008
Source: Scopus
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	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
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ref_id = 374
@article{atkinson0000forces,

	author = {Atkinson, T. D. and Butcher, J. C. and Izard, M. J. and Nedderman, R. M.},
	title = {The Forces on Obstacles Suspended in Flowing Granular Materials},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Progress},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653115},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Atkinson et al. - 1983 - The Forces on Obstacles Suspended in Flowing Granular Materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v66/e021302},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.66.021302},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {91-105+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Atkinson et al. - 1983 - The Forces on Obstacles Suspended in Flowing Granular Materials.pdf},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 375
@article{radhakrishnan0000adhesive,

	author = {Radhakrishnan, H. and Mesarovic, S. D.},
	title = {Adhesive contact of elastic spheres revisited: numerical models and scaling},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a study of the pressure distribution beneath a sandpile by means of discrete element method. Simulations were performed with spheres of different properties for wedge-shaped sandpiles formed on bases of different degrees of deflection. The results are analyzed in terms of the stress distribution, and normal and shear pressure distributions beneath a sandpile. It is shown that the interparticle forces in a sandpile are highly disordered and mainly propagate with large force chains. Base deflection has a significant effect on the normal pressure distribution when a sandpile is formed with multisized particles and small sliding friction coefficients. However, it is not the sole factor leading to a normal pressure distribution with a dip, particularly when a sandpile is formed with monosized particles.},
	address = {BHP Steel Research Laboratories, PO Box 202, Port Kembla, NSW 2505, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653114},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radhakrishnan, Mesarovic - 2009 - Adhesive contact of elastic spheres revisited numerical models and scaling.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141569925\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, distribution, dynamics, element, granular, jps, method, piv, powder, sandpile, stress},
	number = {2107},
	pages = {2231-2249+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radhakrishnan, Mesarovic - 2009 - Adhesive contact of elastic spheres revisited numerical models and scaling.pdf},
	volume = {465},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		distribution,
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 376
@proceedings{morgan0000distinct,

	title = {Distinct Element Simulations of Granular Shear Zones: Micromechanics of Localization and Frictional Behavior},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The contact between spheres results in a rolling resistance due to elastic hysteresis losses or viscous dissipation. This resistance is shown to be important in the three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the formation of a heap of spheres. The implementation of a rolling friction model can avoid arbitrary treatments or unnecessary assumptions, and its validity is confirmed by the good agreement between the simulated and experimental results under comparable conditions. Numerical results suggest that the angle of repose increases significantly with the rolling friction coefficient and decreases with particle size.},
	author = {Morgan, J. K.},
	booktitle = {2nd ACES Workshop Proceedings},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653113},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2001 - Distinct Element Simulations of Granular Shear Zones Micromechanics of Localization and Frictional Behavior.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3X4W950-13/2/60c202988755b4969feb6be5c32203b1},
	comment = {Distinct Element Simulations of Granular Shear Zones: Micromechanics of Localization and Frictional Behavior},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compaction, database, dem, dynamics, flow, granular, jps, kinematics, mixing, of, particle, particles, piv, powder, sandpiles, segregation, static, stratification, system, systems},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {83-90+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2001 - Distinct Element Simulations of Granular Shear Zones Micromechanics of Localization and Frictional Behavior.pdf},
	volume = {269},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compaction,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		flow,
		granular,
		jps,
		kinematics,
		mixing,
		particle,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		segregation,
		static,
		stratification,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 377
@article{kafui0000numerical,

	author = {Kafui, K. D. and Thornton, C.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of impact breakage of a spherical crystalline agglomerate},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present systematic and detailed measurements of interparticle contact forces inside three-dimensional piles of frictionless liquid droplets. We measured long-range chainlike correlations of the directions and magnitudes of large forces, thereby establishing the presence of force chains in three dimensions. Our correlation definition provides a chain persistence length of 10 mean droplet diameters, decreasing as load is applied to the pile. We also measured the angles between contacts and showed that the chainlike arrangement arises from the balance of forces. Moreover, we found that piles whose height was comparable to the chain persistence length exhibited substantially greater strain hardening than did tall piles, which we attributed to the force chains. Together, the results establish a connection between the microscopic force network and the elastic response of meso- or macroscopic granular piles. The conclusions drawn here should be relevant in jammed systems generally, including concentrated emulsions and piles of sand or other heavy particles.},
	address = {Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653112},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kafui, Thornton - 2000 - Numerical simulations of impact breakage of a spherical crystalline agglomerate.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745191865\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R6.0.0},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 4
Export Date: 26 April 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, agglomerate, database, dem, discrete, element, fracture, impact, jps, method, piv, powder, s\_luding},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {113-132+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kafui, Thornton - 2000 - Numerical simulations of impact breakage of a spherical crystalline agglomerate.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		agglomerate,
		dem,
		discrete,
		fracture,
		impact,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 378
@article{mueth0000force_1,

	author = {Mueth, D. M. and Jaeger, H. M. and Nagel, S. R.},
	title = {Force distribution in a granular medium},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653111},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mueth, Jaeger, Nagel - 1998 - Force distribution in a granular medium.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035400874\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=1473484c99670904e7a77629188d6c81},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 18
Export Date: 16 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {3164-3169+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mueth, Jaeger, Nagel - 1998 - Force distribution in a granular medium.pdf},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 379
@article{bertrand0000dembased,

	author = {Bertrand, F. and Leclaire, L. and Levecque, G.},
	title = {DEM-based models for the mixing of granular materials},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;In this paper, dynamic behavior of a grouppile foundation with inclined piles in loose sand has been investigated with centrifuge model tests. The test results are also simulated with elastoplastic dynamic finite element method, in which, not only sectional force of piles, stress of ground, but also deformation of piles are calculated using a three-dimensional elastoplastic dynamic finite element analysis (Code name: DGPILE-3D). The numerical analyses are conducted with a full system in which a superstructure, a pile foundation and surrounding ground are considered together so that interaction between pile foundation and soils can be properly simulated because the nonlinearities of both the pile and the ground are described with suitable constitutive models. Different types of piles, vertical pile or inclined pile, are considered in order to verify the different characteristics of a group pile foundation with inclined piles. The validity of the calculation is verified by the model tests.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653110},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bertrand, Leclaire, Levecque - 2005 - DEM-based models for the mixing of granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-008-0033-7},
	comment = {10.1007/s11709-008-0033-7},
	doi = {10.1007/s11709-008-0033-7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, jps, materials, mathematical, method, mixing, modeling, piv, powder, powders, simulation},
	number = {8-9},
	pages = {2517-2531+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bertrand, Leclaire, Levecque - 2005 - DEM-based models for the mixing of granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jps,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mixing,
		model,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 380
@article{adams0000contact,

	author = {Adams, G. G. and Nosonovsky, M.},
	title = {Contact modeling \^{a}€” forces},
	journal = {Tribology International},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653109},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams, Nosonovsky - 2000 - Contact modeling \^{a}€” forces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGE/122/623/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, jps, mechanics, piv, powder, pressure},
	number = {5-6},
	pages = {431-442+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams, Nosonovsky - 2000 - Contact modeling \^{a}€” forces.pdf},
	volume = {33},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 381
@article{beach0000pulloff,

	author = {Beach, E. R. and Tormoen, G. W. and Drelich, J. and Han, R.},
	title = {Pull-off force measurements between rough surfaces by atomic force microscopy},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Direct measurements of the pull-off (adhesion) forces between pharmaceutical particles (beclomethasone dipropionate, a peptide-type material, and lactose) with irregular geometry and rough polymeric surfaces (series of polypropylene coatings, polycarbonate, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) were carried out using the atomic force microscope. These measurements showed that roughness of the interacting surfaces is the significant factor affecting experimentally measured pull-off forces. A broad distribution of pull-off force values was noted in the measurements, caused by a varying adhesive contact area for a particle located on rough substrate. The possibility of multiple points of contact between irregularly shaped pharmaceutical particles and substrate surfaces is demonstrated with nanoindentations of the particle in a fluoro-polymer film. Force-distance curves showing the "sawtooth" pattern are additional evidence that particles make contact with substrates at more than one point. Reduced adhesion of 10- to 14-microm-diameter lactose and peptide material particles to the polypropylene coatings with a roughness of 194 nm was found in this study. Similar pull-off force versus roughness relationships are also reported for the model spherical particles, silanized glass particle with a size of 10 microm and polystyrene particle with a diameter of 9 microm, in contact with polypropylene coatings of varying roughness characteristics. It was found that the model recently proposed by Rabinovich et al. (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 232, 1-16 (2000)) closely predicts the pull-off forces for glass and lactose particles. On the other hand, the adhesion of the peptide material and polystyrene particle to polypropylene is underestimated by about an order of magnitude with the theoretical model, in which the interacting substrates are treated as rigid materials. The underestimate is attributed to the deformation of the peptide material and polystyrene particles.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653108},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Beach et al. - 2002 - Pull-off force measurements between rough surfaces by atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, atomic, database, dem, dry, force, inhaler, jps, microscopy, nanoindentation, pharmaceutical, piv, powder, pull-off},
	number = {1},
	pages = {84-99+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Beach et al. - 2002 - Pull-off force measurements between rough surfaces by atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	volume = {247},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		atomic,
		dem,
		force,
		inhaler,
		jps,
		microscopy,
		nanoindentation,
		pharmaceutical,
		piv,
		powder,
		pulloff,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 382
@article{cleary0000simulation,

	author = {Cleary, P. W.},
	title = {DEM simulation of industrial particle flows: case studies of dragline excavators, mixing in tumblers and centrifugal mills},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively used in the laboratory of particulate and multiphase processing at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) to study the fundamentals of particulate matter at a particle scale. This paper briefly reviews the work in the laboratory, which covers the development of simulation techniques and their application to the study of particle packing and flow, transport properties and constitutive relationships of typical static or dynamic particulate systems. It is concluded, through representative comparison between simulated and measured results under different conditions, that DEM, as a major technique for discrete particle simulation, is an effective method for particle scale research of particulate matter.},
	address = {Ctr. Simulat./Modelling P.S., Sch. of Mat. Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653107},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary - 2000 - DEM simulation of industrial particle flows case studies of dragline excavators, mixing in tumblers and centrifugal mills.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2942582630\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 17
Export Date: 9 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, particle, physics, piv, powder, simulation},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {83-104+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary - 2000 - DEM simulation of industrial particle flows case studies of dragline excavators, mixing in tumblers and centrifugal mills.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		particle,
		physics,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 383
@article{da0000investigation,

	author = {Da Silva, M.},
	title = {Investigation of the Correlation between Silo Pressure Parameters},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The underlying mechanisms governing the behaviour of displacement piles in sand are not well understood, leading to unreliability in design methods. A series of planestrain calibration chamber tests has been conducted in order to quantify the penetration mechanism around the pile tip, and the response of the interface layer adjacent to the shaft during further penetration. A series of eight tests is reported, examining the influence of soil type, initial state, pile breadth and the use of a driving shoe. A novel image-based deformation measurement technique has been used to observe the displacement and strain paths, which are found to be relatively independent of soil type. The measured strain paths are similar to predictions made by the strain path method, and contrast sharply with assumptions implicit in cavity expansion solutions. An interface zone adjacent to the pile shaft comprising fine broken soil particles was observed to contract while shearing along the pile-soil interface. This mechanism offers an explanation for the degradation of shaft friction at a given soil horizon with increased pile penetration ('friction fatigue'), and a subsequent recovery of capacity over time ('set-up').},
	address = {Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653106},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Da Silva - 1999 - Investigation of the Correlation between Silo Pressure Parameters.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4444346377\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 12
Export Date: 4 December 2008
Source: Scopus
 | 
{Da Silva}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bearing, calcareous, capacity, database, dem, friction, jps, model, piles, piv, powder, sands, soils, tests},
	number = {4},
	pages = {363-367+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Da Silva - 1999 - Investigation of the Correlation between Silo Pressure Parameters.pdf},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bearing,
		calcareous,
		dem,
		friction,
		jps,
		model,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 384
@article{cui0000analysis,

	author = {Cui, L. and O'Sullivan, C.},
	title = {Analysis of a triangulation based approach for specimen generation for discrete element simulations},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The deformation in granular material under loading conditions is a problem of great interest currently. In this paper, the micro-mechanism of the localized deformations in stochastically distributed granular materials is investigated based on the modified distinct element method under the plane strain conditions, and the influences of the confining pressure, the initial void ratio and the friction coefficient on the localized deformation and the stability of granular materials are also studied. It is concluded, based on the numerical simulation testing, that two crossed shear sliding planes may occur inside the granular assembly, and deformation patterns vary with the increasing of transverse strain. These conclusions are in good agreement with the present experimental results. By tangential velocity profiles along the direction normal to the two shear sliding planes, it can be found that there are two different shear deformation patterns: one is the fluid-like shear mode and the other is the solid-like shear mode. At last, the influences of various material parameters or factors on localized deformation features and patterns of granular materials are discussed in detail. 漏 2008 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.},
	address = {Department of Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou 730000, China},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653105},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cui, O'Sullivan - 2003 - Analysis of a triangulation based approach for specimen generation for discrete element simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-49449087918\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Export Date: 22 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, deformation, dem, discrete, element, granular, jps, localized, material, method, modified, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {135-145+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cui, O'Sullivan - 2003 - Analysis of a triangulation based approach for specimen generation for discrete element simulations.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jps,
		localization,
		material,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 385
@article{chou0000wall,

	author = {Chou, C. S. and Tseng, C. Y.},
	title = {The Wall Stresses and Insert Load in a Two-Dimensional Flat-bottomed Bin with an Equilateral Triangle Insert},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;Micromechanical analysis has the potential to resolve many of the deficiencies of constitutive equations of granular continua by incorporating information obtained from particle-scale measurements. The outstanding problem in applying micromechanics to granular media is the projection scheme to relate continuum variables to particle-scale variables. Within the confines of a projection scheme that assumes affine motion, contact laws based on binary interactions do not fully capture important instabilities. Specifically, these contact laws do not consider mesoscale mechanics related to particle group behaviour such as force chains commonly seen in granular media. The implications of this are discussed in this paper by comparison of two micromechanical constitutive models to particle data observed in computer simulations using the discrete element method (DEM). The first model, in which relative deformations between isolated particle pairs are projected from continuum strain, fails to deliver the observed behaviour. The second model accounts for the contact mechanics at the mesoscale (i.e. particle group behaviour) and, accordingly, involves a nonaffine projection scheme. In contrast with the first, the second model is shown to display strain softening behaviour related to dilatancy and produce realistic shear bands in finite element simulations of a biaxial test. Importantly, the evolution of microscale variables is correctly replicated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653104},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chou, Tseng - 2005 - The Wall Stresses and Insert Load in a Two-Dimensional Flat-bottomed Bin with an Equilateral Triangle Insert.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-007-0043-5},
	comment = {10.1007/s10035-007-0043-5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-007-0043-5},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bin, corrective, database, dem, differential, flat-bottom, flow, insert, jps, load, method, piv, powder, pressure, pulsation, slice},
	number = {1},
	pages = {52-62+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chou, Tseng - 2005 - The Wall Stresses and Insert Load in a Two-Dimensional Flat-bottomed Bin with an Equilateral Triangle Insert.pdf},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bin,
		dem,
		flow,
		insert,
		jps,
		load,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		pulse,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 386
@article{murfitt0000deaeration,

	author = {Murfitt, P. G. and Bransby, P. L.},
	title = {Deaeration of powders in hoppers},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The incipient shear modulus is proportional to the stress level and can be estimated to be also proportional to the secant modulus. -from Author},
	address = {Institute of Soil Mechanics, University of Karlsruhe, West Germany.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653103},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Murfitt, Bransby - 1980 - Deaeration of powders in hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0018923586\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 134
Export Date: 17 November 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {149-162+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Murfitt, Bransby - 1980 - Deaeration of powders in hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 387
@article{chen0000correlation_1,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Rotter, J. and Ooi, J. Y. and Zhong, Z.},
	title = {Correlation between the flow pattern and wall pressures in a full scale experimental silo},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Civil Engineering Department, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, U.K.; Structural Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Italy},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653102},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2007 - Correlation between the flow pattern and wall pressures in a full scale experimental silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.728},
	comment = {10.1002/nag.728},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.728},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, bulk, database, dem, discharge, eccentric, flow, granular, inverse, jps, pattern, piv, powder, pressure, residence, silo, solid, time, wall},
	number = {9},
	pages = {2308-2320+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2007 - Correlation between the flow pattern and wall pressures in a full scale experimental silo.pdf},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		dem,
		discharge,
		flow,
		granular,
		jps,
		pattern,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		residence,
		silo,
		solid,
		time,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 388
@article{di0000analytical,

	author = {Di Maio, F. P.},
	title = {Analytical solution for the problem of frictional-elastic collisions of spherical particles using the linear model},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653101},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Maio - 2004 - Analytical solution for the problem of frictional-elastic collisions of spherical particles using the linear model.pdf},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 4
Export Date: 31 May 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
{Di Maio}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, collision, contact, database, dem, force, granular, jps, modeling, ow, particle, piv, powder, simulations},
	number = {16},
	pages = {3461-3475+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Maio - 2004 - Analytical solution for the problem of frictional-elastic collisions of spherical particles using the linear model.pdf},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		collision,
		contact,
		dem,
		force,
		granular,
		jps,
		model,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 389
@article{hassanpour0000effect,

	author = {Hassanpour, A. and Kwan, C. and Ng, B. and Rahmanian, N. and Ding, Y. and Antony, S. J. and Jia, X. and Ghadiri, M.},
	title = {Effect of granulation scale-up on the strength of granules},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this chapter we present the development of a high-speed imaging system for the measurement of automotive in-cylinder flows and sprays. High-speed imaging devices with framing rates of 12000 images per second or more produce engine data at a resolution of at least one crank angle degree crankshaft rotation with engine speeds of up to 2000. In combination with high repetition rate pulsed lasers synchronized with the camera it is shown that data on liquid-fuel distribution can be obtained and analyzed. With the introduction of artificial tracer particles and appropriate data-processing techniques planar vector fields are obtained at the same temporal resolution. For both the spray and flow image sequences the data is considered as 4-dimensional: two spatial axes in the measurement volume, one temporal axis within an engine cycle and a further temporal axis from one engine cycle to another. A\&nbsp;statistical analysis of the data produces information on the cyclic variability of the spray and flow fields that are critical to modern combustion system design. Whilst a high volume of information can readily be created, the industrial requirements are for validation of computational models or to provide insight into the mixture-preparation mechanisms as a means of evolving the design process. Therefore, an emphasis of this chapter is to show how the large quantities of detailed optical measurement data may be reduced in such a way as to pass on the most significant performance data to powertrain specialists.},
	booktitle = {Particle Image Velocimetry},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653100},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hassanpour et al. - 2009 - Effect of granulation scale-up on the strength of granules.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_18},
	comment = {10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_18},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_18},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {304-312+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hassanpour et al. - 2009 - Effect of granulation scale-up on the strength of granules.pdf},
	volume = {189},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 390
@article{luding2008cohesive_1,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Cohesive, frictional powders: contact models for tension},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653099},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2008 - Cohesive, frictional powders contact models for tension.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-4VDS8PD-1/2/da781d179b6e545c707c82332833e5c9},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2009.01.005},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, buckling, chain, database, dem, discrete, dynamics, elementmodel, energy, force, force-laws, friction, granular, jps, materials, md, methods, microstructure, molecular, paper\_1, piv, powder, rolling-, sj\_nk, torsion-resistance},
	number = {4},
	pages = {235--246},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2008 - Cohesive, frictional powders contact models for tension.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		buckling,
		chain,
		dem,
		discrete,
		dynamics,
		energy,
		force,
		force,
		friction,
		granular,
		jps,
		material,
		md,
		microstructure,
		molecule,
		paper1,
		piv,
		powder,
		rolling,
		sjnk,
		torsion,resistance,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 391
@article{barthel0000adhesive_1,

	author = {Barthel, E. and Fr\~{A}{\copyright}tigny, C.},
	title = {Adhesive contact of elastomers: effective adhesion energy and creep function},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653098},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barthel, Fr\~{A}{\copyright}tigny - 2009 - Adhesive contact of elastomers effective adhesion energy and creep function.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/125/169/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {195302-195302+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barthel, Fr\~{A}{\copyright}tigny - 2009 - Adhesive contact of elastomers effective adhesion energy and creep function.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 392
@article{bardet0000asymmetry_1,

	author = {Bardet, J. P. and Vardoulakis, I.},
	title = {The asymmetry of stress in granular media},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The paper investigates the boundary effect on the behaviour of granular materials during plane strain compression using finite element method. A micro-polar hypoplastic constitutive model was used. The numerical calculations were carried out with different initial densities and boundary conditions. The behaviour of initially dense, medium dense and loose sand specimen with very smooth or very rough horizontal boundary was investigated. The formation of shear zones gave rise to different global and local stress and strain. Comparisons of the mobilized internal friction, dilatancy and non-coaxiality between global and local quantities were made.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653097},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet, Vardoulakis - 2001 - The asymmetry of stress in granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VKW-4WV77T9-1/2/98c9866be4b80bf279dfa536ee07b05e},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2009.07.004},
	old_keywords = {aarons, asymmetric, boundary, compression, couple, database, dem, discrete, element, finite, granular, hypoplasticity, jps, localization, mechanics, method, micro-polar, non-coaxiality, particles, piv, plane, powder, ratio, roughness, shear, strain, stress, virtual, void, work},
	number = {2},
	pages = {353-367+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet, Vardoulakis - 2001 - The asymmetry of stress in granular media.pdf},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		hypoplasticity,
		jps,
		localization,
		mechanics,
		micropolar,
		noncoaxial,
		particle,
		piv,
		plane,
		powder,
		ratio,
		roughness,
		shear,
		strain,
		stress,
		virtual,
		void,
		work,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 393
@article{johnson0000adhesion_1,

	author = {Johnson, K. L. and Greenwood, J. A.},
	title = {An adhesion map for the contact of elastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This chapter describes several laboratory experiments on shear localization in dry and cohesionless granular materials during different boundary values problems. These experiments include plane strain compression, triaxial compression, wall friction tests, biaxial compression, earth pressures on a retaining walls, strip foundation, pull-out tests and silo flow. The experiments were carried out with different initial densities and mean grain diameters of sand, and wall roughness. During tests, attention was paid to load-displacements diagrams, shear zone thickness and shear zone spacing.},
	booktitle = {Shear Localization in Granular Bodies with Micro-Polar Hypoplasticity},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653096},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Greenwood - 1997 - An adhesion map for the contact of elastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70555-0\_2},
	comment = {10.1007/978-3-540-70555-0\_2},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-70555-0\_2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, database, dem, energy, f, force, has, jps, maximum, occurs, of, p, piv, powder, pull-of, r, radius, reduced, spheres, surface, the, value, when, where, wr, z},
	number = {2},
	pages = {326333-326333+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Greenwood - 1997 - An adhesion map for the contact of elastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {192},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		dem,
		energy,
		force,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		pulloff,
		radius,
		sphere,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 394
@article{chung0000study,

	author = {Chung, Y. C. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {A study of influence of gravity on bulk behaviour of particulate solid},
	journal = {Particuology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653095},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2008 - A study of influence of gravity on bulk behaviour of particulate solid.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2002-10011-7},
	comment = {10.1140/epje/i2002-10011-7
N2  -: A theory of stress fields in two-dimensional granular materials based on directed force chain networks is presented. A general Boltzmann equation for the densities of force chains in different directions is proposed and a complete solution is obtained for a special case in which chains lie along a discrete set of directions. The analysis and results demonstrate the necessity of including nonlinear terms in the Boltzmann equation. A line of nontrivial fixed-point solutions is shown to govern the properties of large systems. In the vicinity of a generic fixed point, the response to a localized load shows a crossover from a single, centered peak at intermediate depths to two propagating peaks at large depths that broaden diffusively.},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2002-10011-7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, assembly, compression, con, database, dem, discharge, discrete, effect, element, extraterrestrial, gravity, jps, method, ned, particulate, penetration, piv, powder, rod, silo},
	number = {6},
	pages = {467-474+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2008 - A study of influence of gravity on bulk behaviour of particulate solid.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discharge,
		discrete,
		extraterrestrial,
		gravity,
		jps,
		ned,
		particle,
		penetration,
		piv,
		powder,
		rod,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 395
@article{michalowski0000flow_1,

	author = {Michalowski, R. L.},
	title = {Flow of granular material through a plane hopper},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Proc. 1981 Powtech Conf., Institution of Chemical Engineers Symp.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653094},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Michalowski - 1984 - Flow of granular material through a plane hopper.pdf},
	comment = {- 1
 | 
Pressure distribution under heaped bulk solids},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	pages = {29-40+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Michalowski - 1984 - Flow of granular material through a plane hopper.pdf},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 396
@incollection{chung0000confined,

	author = {Chung, Y. C. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Confined compression and rod penetration of a dense granular medium: discrete element modelling and validation},
	booktitle = {Modern Trends in Geomechanics},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653093},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2006 - Confined compression and rod penetration of a dense granular medium discrete element modelling and validation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4JFH6TG-2/2/b9e204dc9c850ea469a096cc0d07e73f},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.002},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	old_keywords = {aarons, converging, database, dem, discharge, dpiv, flow, flows, granular, hopper, jps, material, optical, particle, piv, plug, powder, rate, shear, technique, zones},
	number = {16},
	pages = {223-239+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2006 - Confined compression and rod penetration of a dense granular medium discrete element modelling and validation.pdf},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discharge,
		dpiv,
		flow,
		flow,
		granular,
		hopper,
		jps,
		material,
		optics,
		particle,
		piv,
		plug,
		powder,
		rate,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 397
@article{schrank0000analogue,

	author = {Schrank, C. E. and Boutelier, D. A. and Cruden, A. R.},
	title = {The analogue shear zone: From rheology to associated geometry},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Geology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The geometry of ductile strain localization phenomena is related to the rheology of the deformed rocks. Both qualitative and quantitative rheological properties of natural rocks have been estimated from finite field structures such as folds and shear zones. We apply physical modelling to investigate the relationship between rheology and the temporal evolution of the width and transversal strain distribution in shear zones, both of which have been used previously as rheological proxies. Geologically relevant materials with well-characterized rheological properties (Newtonian, strain hardening, strain softening, Mohr-Coulomb) are deformed in a shear box and observed with Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV). It is shown that the width and strain distribution histories in model shear zones display characteristic finite responses related to material properties as predicted by previous studies. Application of the results to natural shear zones in the field is discussed. An investigation of the impact of 3D boundary conditions in the experiments demonstrates that quantitative methods for estimating rheology from finite natural structures must take these into account carefully. ?2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	address = {Department of Geology, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ont. M5S 3B1, Canada},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653092},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38649136604\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Export Date: 4 December 2008
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analogue, database, dem, distribution, modelling, physical, piv, rheology, shear, strain, zones},
	number = {2},
	pages = {177-193+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38649136604\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		distribution,
		model,
		physical,
		piv,
		rheology,
		shear,
		strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 398
@article{landry0000confined_1,

	author = {Landry, J. W. and Grest, G. S. and Silbert, L. E. and Plimpton, S. J.},
	title = {Confined granular packings: structure, stress, and forces},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Physics of Dry Granular Media},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653091},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Landry et al. - 2003 - Confined granular packings structure, stress, and forces.pdf},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	location = {Boston, Mass, Dordrecht},
	number = {4},
	pages = {41303-41303+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Landry et al. - 2003 - Confined granular packings structure, stress, and forces.pdf},
	volume = {67},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 399
@article{arnold0000analytical,

	author = {Arnold, P. C. and McLean, A. G.},
	title = {An analytical solution for the stress function at the wall of a converging channel},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653090},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Arnold, McLean - 1976 - An analytical solution for the stress function at the wall of a converging channel.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/e051301},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.64.051301},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {255-260+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Arnold, McLean - 1976 - An analytical solution for the stress function at the wall of a converging channel.pdf},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 400
@article{buick0000motion,

	author = {Buick, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Chavez-Sagarnaga, J. and Pearce, A. and Houghton, G.},
	title = {Motion of granular particles on the wall of a model silo and the associated wall vibrations},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653089},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Buick et al. - 2004 - Motion of granular particles on the wall of a model silo and the associated wall vibrations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016647841\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 550
Export Date: 3 March 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {19},
	pages = {2751-2760+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Buick et al. - 2004 - Motion of granular particles on the wall of a model silo and the associated wall vibrations.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 401
@article{barthel0000adhesive_2,

	author = {Barthel, E.},
	title = {Adhesive elastic contacts: JKR and more},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A review of the developments in Bulk Solids Storage, Flow and Handling is presented. While noting that the development of this subject spans a period of some 125 years, the paper focuses on the significant contributions over the past 50 years both during, and subsequent to, the work of jenike. The work has covered such topics as flow property testing, theories of flow, modelling of particle systems by continuum theory and discrete elements, vibrations of powders, blending and mixing and wall loads under initial filling, flow and pulsing conditions. The problems in many industrial operations are often orders of magnitude more difficult than the level of fundamental research available to solve them. So the approach is to apply a combination of theory at the current state of knowledge, some basic mechanics and "engineering judgment". While this may satisfy the immediate needs of industry, the important "spin off" is the identification of areas for longer term research. While not diminishing the value of unconstrained, fundamental research, it is particularly important that considerable research effort be directed at those known, complex, industrial problems where improved solutions leading to more efficient performance have a high priority. These objectives are illustrated and some thoughts for future strategic research are presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653088},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barthel - 2008 - Adhesive elastic contacts JKR and more.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33750509640\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {01739980 (ISSN)
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus
CODEN: BSHAD
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Roberts, A.W.Australia
References: Roberts, A.W., Particle technology - Reflection and horizons: An engineering perspective (1999) Transactions, Institution of Chemical Engineering, Part A, 76 (A7), pp. 775-796; Janssen, H.A., (1895) Versuche U?ber Getreidedruck in Silozellen (On the Measurement of Pressures in Grain Silos), pp. 1045-1049. , Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure; Jamieson, J.A., Grain pressures in deep bins (1903) Trans. Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, 18; Jamieson, J.A., Grain pressures in deep bins (1904) Engineering News, 51 (10), pp. 236-243; Shaxby, J.H., Evans, J.C., The variation of pressure with depth in columns of powders (1922) Proc. 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Vol. 38, (5); Brown, R.L., Minimum energy theorem for flow of dry granules through apertures (1961) Nature, 191 (JULY 29); O'Callaghan, J.R., Internal flow in moving beds of granular materials (1960) J. Agric. Engng. Res. Vol. 5, (2); Bergmann, R.F., Rational method for selecting screw conveyors (1934) Chem. Met. Engnr., 42 (9 SEPTEMBER), p. 470; Gutyar, E.M., Elementarnaya teoriya vertikalnovo vintovovo transportera (1956) Trudy Mosk. Inst. Mekh. i Elek. Slesk. Khoz. Im. V.M. Molotov, (2), p. 102; Rehkugler, G.E., Performance characteristics of farm type auger elevators (1959) North Atlantic Section, , Paper presented to, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Sept. 1-3; Baks, A., Schmid, W.L., (1960) Verticaal Transport met Schroeftransporteurs. Orgaan van Met Netherlands Instituut van Register-ingenieurs en Afgestudeeren van Hogere Technische Scholen, (FEBRUARY), p. 159. , 4-15c Jaarg; Roberts, A.W., Willis, A.H., Performance of grain augers (1962) Proc. Instn. of Mech. Engrs. U.K. Vol. 176, (8), pp. 165-194; Roberts, A.W., An investigation of grain vortex motion with relation to the performance of vertical grain augers, Part 1 (1963) Proc. Instn. of Mech. Engrs. U.K. Vol. 178, (12), pp. 293-310; Dallavalle, J.M., (1943) Micromeritics, , Pitman. 1st Edition, 2nd Edition (1943); Hvorslev, M.J., On the physical properties of distributed cohesive soils (1937) Ingeniorvidensk Skr., 45; Roscoe, K.H., Schofield, A.N., Wroth, C.P., 1958 on the yielding of soils Geotechnique, 8, pp. 22-53; Johanson, J.R., Theory of bulk solids flow - A historical perspective (1987) Intl. Jnl. of Bulk Solids Storage in Silos, 3 (1), pp. 1-15; Sokolovski, V.V., Statics of soil media (1960) Butterworths; Prager, W., Hodge, G., (1968) Theory of Perfectly Plastic Solids, , New York Dover Publications (Original Work 1951); Hill, R., (1983) The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Jenike, A.W., Shield, R.T., On the plastic flow of coulomb solid beyond original failure (1959) ASME Jnl. App. Mech.; Jenike, A.W., (1961) Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids, 108. , Bul. The Univ. of Utah, Engng. Exp. Station, USA; Johanson, J.R., (1961) Stress and Velocity Fields in the Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids, 116. , Bul. The Univ. of Utah, Engng. Exp. Station, USA; Jenike, A.W., (1964) Storage and Flow of Solids, 123. , Bul. The Univ. of Utah, Engng. Exp. Station, USA; Johanson, J.R., Stress and velocity fields in the gravity flow of bulk solids (1964) ASME, Jnl. of Appl. Mechanics, 131 (3), pp. 499-506. , Ser. E; Jenike, A.W., A theory of flow of particulate solids in converging and diverging channels based on a conical yield function (1987) Powder Tech., 50, pp. 229-236; Benink, E.J., (1989) Flow and Stress Analysis of Cohesionless Bulk Materials in Silos Related to Codes, , Doctoral Thesis, The University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Schwedes, J., Testers for measuring flow properties of particulate solids (1999) Proc. International Symposium on the Reliable Flow of Particulate Solids III, , Porsgrunn, Norway; Standard shear testing technique for particulate solids using the jenike shear cell Report of the EFCE Working Party on the Mechanics of Particulate Solids, 46p. , Published by the IChemE; Schulze, D., New ring shear tester for flowability and time consolidation measurements (1994) Proc. First Intl. Particle Technology Forum, Part III, pp. 11-16. , AIChE, Denver, Co; Bin Flow Properties of Coal, , Australian Standard AS 3880-1991. Standards Association of Australia; D6128-00 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the the Jenike Shear Cell; D6773-02 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the Schulze Ring Shear Tester; Johanson, J.R., The Johanson IndicizerTM System vs. the Jenike Shear Tester (1992) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 12, pp. 141-144; Bell, T.A., Ennis, B.J., Grygo, R.J., Scholten, W.J.F., Schenkel, M.M., Practical evaluation of the johanson hang-up indicizer (1994) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 14, (1), pp. 117-125; The development of a true biaxial shear tester (1985) Particle Charact. Vol. 2, pp. 149-153; Harder, J., Schwedes, J., Influence of stress history on the yield limit of bulk solids (1986) Proc. Second Intl. Conf. on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation. Instn. of Engrs. Australia, pp. 94-97; Maltby, L.P., (1993) Investigation of the Behaviour of Powders under and after Consolidation, , Doctoral Thesis, Telemark Institute of Technology, Porsgrunn, Norway; Janssen, R.J.M., Van Kraan, M., Scarlett, B., Evaluation of the flexible wall biaxial tester for the measurement of BCR-limestone (1998) Proc. 6th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 47-50. , The Instn. of Engrs. Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Maltby, L.P., Enstad, G.G., Uniaxial tester for quality control and flow property characterisation of powders (1993) Bulk Solids Handling Vol.13, (1), pp. 135-139; Kwade, A., Schulze, D., Schwedes, J., Determination of the stress ratio in uniaxial compression tests - Part 2 (1994) Powder Handling and Processing Vol. 6, (2), pp. 199-203; Lahlough, E.H., Ooi, J.Y., Rotter, J.M., Pringle, S., Assessment of coal handleability (1998) Proc World Congress on Particle Technology, 3. , Brighton, UK; Wiche, S.J., Roberts, A.W., Mcbride, W.A., Flowability tester for characterising bulk solids (2004) Proc. 8th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 79-83. , The Instn. of Engrs. Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Scott, O.J., Influence of vibrations on the strength and boundary friction characteristics of bulk solids and the effect on bin design (1986) Bulk Solids Handling, 6 (1). , February; Roberts, A.W., Vibrations of fine powders and its application (1997) Handbook on Powder Science \& Technology, pp. 146-201. , Chapter 6, (eds M.E. Fayed and L. Otten), 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London; Kollmann, T.H., Tomas, J., The influence of vibrations on flow properties of cohesive powders (2001) Proc. 7th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 417-427. , The Instn. of Engrs. Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Wiche, S.J., Concepts of boundary friction, adhesion and wear in bulk solids handling operations (1990) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 10, (2), pp. q189-198; Roberts, A.W., (1991) Bulk Solids Handling - Recent Developments and Future Directions, Bulk Solids Handling, 10 (1), pp. 17-35. , 10th Anniversary Edition; Roberts, A.W., Sollie, L.A., De Silva, S.R., The interaction of bulk solid characteristics and surface parameters in surface or boundary friction measurements (1993) Tribology Intl. Vo. 26, (5), pp. 335-343; Johanson, J.R., Royal, T.A., Measuring and use of wear properties for predicting life of bulk materials handling equipment (1982) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 2, (3), pp. 517-523; Wiche, S.J., Keys, S., Roberts, A.W., Abrasive wear tester for bulk solids handling applications (2005) Wear, pp. 251-257. , Elsevier No. 258; Roberts, A.W., Jones, M.G., Wheeler, C.A., Wiche, S.J., Controlling consolidation pressures, bulk density and permeability in storage vessels for compressible bulk material (2004) Proc 8th Int. Conf. on Bulk Materials, Storage, Handling and Transportation Wollongong, pp. 424-428. , July; Coal Preparation. Part 6: Determination of Dust/Moisture Relationship for Coal, , Australian Standard, AS 4156.6-2000; Mclean, A.G., (1979) Flow Rates of Simple Bulk Solids from Mass-flow Bins, , Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Wollongong Australia; Arnold, P.C., Gu, Z.H., The effect of permeability on the flowrate of bulk solids from mass-flow bins (1990) Powder Handling \& Processing Vol. 2, (3), pp. 229-238; Gu, Z.H., Arnold, P.C., Mclean, A.G., A simplified model for predicting particle flowrates of a fine from mass flow bins (1993) Powder Technology, 74 (1), pp. 153-158; Johanson, J.R., In-bin blending (1970) Chem. Engng. Prog. Vol. 66, (6); Johanson, J.R., Controlling flow patterns in bins by the use of an insert (1982) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 2, (3), pp. 495-498; Craig, D.A., Roberts, A.W., Manjunath, K.S., De Silva, S.R., Utilising the unit impulse concept to predict blending capabilities of silos Bulk Solids Handling, 6 (4), pp. 373-378; Kirkwood, C., Roberts, A.W., Craig, D.A., The anti-segregation and blending characteristics of a mass-flow hopper and rotary valve (1998) 6th International Conference on Bulk Materials, Storage, Handling and Conveying, , Paper for presentation at, The Institution of Engineers, Australia, September; Johanson, J.R., (1995) Predicting Rathole Stability in Funnel-flow Bins; Jenike, A.W., Johanson, On the theory of bin loads Trans. ASME., Jnl. of Engng. for Industry. Series B., 91 (2), p. 339; Jenike, A.W., Johanson, J.R., Carson, J.W., Bin loads - Part 2: Concepts (1973) Trans. ASME., Jnl. of Engng. for Industry. Series B., 95 (1), p. 1; Jenike, A.W., Johanson, J.R., Carson, J.W., Bin loads - Part 3: Mass-flow bins (1973) Trans. ASME., Jnl. of Engng. for Industry, Series B., 95 (1), p. 6; Jenike, A.W., Johanson, J.R., Carson, J.W., Bin loads - Part 4: Funnel-flow bins (1973) Trans. ASME., Jnl. of Engng. for Industry. Series B., 95 (1), p. 13; Walker, D.M., An approximate theory for pressure and arching in hoppers (1967) Chem. Eng. Sci. Vol 22, p. 975; Walters, J.K., A theoretical analysis of stresses in silos with vertical walls (1973) Chem. Eng. Sci. Vol. 28, p. 13; Arnold, P.C., Mclean, A.C., Roberts, A.W., (1982) Bulk Solids Theory, Flow and Handling, , The University of Newcastle Research Associates, Australia; Theimer, O.F., Failure of reinforced concrete grain silos (1969) Trans. ASME., Jnl. of Engng. for Industry. Series B., 91 (2), p. 460; Jenike, A.W., Load assumption and distribution in silo design Conf. on Construction of Concrete Silos, , Oslo, Norway; Ooms, M., Roberts, A.W., The reduction and control of flow pressures in cracked grain silos (1985) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 5, (5), pp. 1009-1016; Roberts, A.W., Some aspects of grain silo wall pressure research - Influence of moisture content on loads generated and control of pressures in tall multi-outlet silos (1988) Proc. Powder and Bulk Solids Conference, pp. 11-24. , Rosemont, Illiniois USA; Loads on Bulk Solids Containers, , Australian Standard AS3774-1990. Standards Association of Australia; Eurocode 1 - Action on Structures. Part 4: Silos and Tanks. Final Draft December 2005, , EN 1091-4, European Committee for Standardization, Central Secretariat, Brussels, Belgium; Rombach, G., Eibl, J., Numerical simulation of filling and discharging processes in silos (1989) Third Intl. Conf. on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 48-52. , The Instn. of Engrs. Aust., Newcastle, Australia; Ooi, J.Y., Rotter, M., Elastic and plastic predictions of storing pressures in conical hoppers (1989) Third Intl. Conf. on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 203-207. , The Instn. of Engrs. Aust., Newcastle, Australia; Wu, Y.H., (1990) Static and Dynamic Analysis of the Flow of Bulk Materials Through Silos, , Ph.D. Thesis The University of Wollongong, Australia; Ruckenbrod, C., Eibl, J., Silo loading (1991) Proc. Fourth World Congress of Chemical Engineering, pp. 902-920. , Karlsruhe, Germany; Roberts, A.W., Shock Loads in silos - The 'silo quaking' problem (1996) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 16, (2), pp. 59-73; Roberts, A.W., Wensrich, C.M., Flow dynamics or 'quaking' in gravity discharge from bins (2002) Chemical Engineering Science Vol. 57, pp. 295-305; Wensrich, C.M., (2002) Analytical and Numerical Modelling of Quaking in Tall Silos, , PhD Thesis The University of Newcastle, Australia; Wensrich, C.M., Experimental behaviour of quaking in tall silos (2002) Powder Technology Vol. 127, pp. 87-94; Roberts, A.W., (2003) Review of the "Silo Quaking" Problem in Bins of Various Geometrical Shapes and Flow Patterns"., 7, pp. 623-641. , Task Force Quarterly, Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk, Poland; Gudehus, G., Tejchman, J., Silo Music and Silo Quake. Silos - Forschung und Praxis Tagung '92, pp. 103-110. , Karlsruhe University; Tejchman, J., Gudehus, G., Silo music and silo-quake experiments and a numerical cosserat approach (1993) Powder Technology Vol. 76, pp. 201-212; Smid, J., Novosad, J., Pressure distribution under heaped bulk solids (1981) Proc. Powtech Conference, Ind. Chem. EngSymp, 63, pp. D3/V/1-D3/V/12; Roberts, A.W., Teo, L.H., Design considerations for maximum reclaim capacity of conical stockpiles (1990) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 10, (1), pp. 9-15; Li, E., Bagster, D.F., An idealised three-dimensional model of heaped granular material (1993) Powder Technology, 74, pp. 271-276; Bagster, D.F., Li, E., Further developments in the 3-D microscopic modelling of a heap of granular material (1995) Proc. 5th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 445-450. , The Institution of Engineers, Australia, Newcastle 10-12 July; Baxter, J., Tu?zu?n, U., Heyes, D.M., Modelling of granular interactions in the formation of stockpiles (1997) Proc. Chemeca, 97, pp. 245-256. , Rotorua, New Zealand, 29 Septemeber - 1 October; Wittaker, J.P., Claudin, P., Cates, M.E., Bouchard, J.-P., An explanation for the central stress minimum in sand piles (1996) Nature, 382, pp. 336-338. , 25 July; Wittaker, J.P., Cates, M.E., Claudin, P., Stress propagation and arching in static sandpiles (1997) Jnl. Physics, 1, pp. 39-80. , France 7; Watson, A., Searching for the sand-pile pressure dip (1996) Science, 273, pp. 579-580. , 2. August; Mcbride, W., (2001) Mechanics of Bulk Solids Stockpiles, , PhD Thesis The University of Newcastle, Australia; Jeong, H.Y., (2005) Numerical Simulations of Stresses under Stockpiled Mass over Ground with or Without Loadout Tunnel, , PhD Thesis The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Roberts, A.W., Characterisation for hopper and stockpile design (2005) Characterisation of Bulk Solids, pp. 85-131. , Chapter 3, Ed D. McGlinchey, Blackwell Publishing; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Manjunath, K.S., Feeder load and power requirements in the controlled gravity flow of bulk solids from mass-flow bins (1984) Trans.IEAust., Mechanical Engineering, ME9 (1), pp. 49-61. , April; Manjunath, K.S., Roberts, A.W., Wall PressureFeeder load interactions in mass-flow hopper/feeder combinations (1986) Bulk Solids Handling Part I, 6 (4); Manjunath, K.S., Roberts, A.W., (1986) Bulk Solids Handling Part II, 6 (5); Schulze, D., Schwedes, J., Bulk solids flow in the hopper/feeder interface (1993) Proc. Symposium on Reliable Flow of Particulate Solids (RELPOWFLO II), , Oslo, Norway, 23-25 August; Roberts, A.W., An overview of feeder design focusing on belt and apron feeders (2001) Bulk Solids Handling, 21 (1); Roberts, A.W., Predicting the performance of screw conveyors (1995) Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, ME2O (3), pp. 213-220. , The Instn. of Engrs. Aust; Roberts, A.W., Predicting the volumetric and torque characteristics of screw feeders (1996) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 16, (2), pp. 233-244; Wiche, S.J., Mcbride, W., Investigations into the smooth discharge screw feeders (1997) Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, ME22 (1), pp. 17-21. , The Institution of Engineers, Australia; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Scott, O.J., Performance characteristics of a ross type chain feeder (1985) 10th Anniversary Powder and Bulk Solids Conference, , May 7-9, Chicago, USA; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Manjunath, K.S., Performance of dump hopper and apron feeder using inserts to control feeder loads (1990) Journal of Bulk Solids Storage in Silos, , U.K; Roberts, A.W., Recent developments in feeder design and performance (2001) Handbook of Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids, pp. 211-223. , Levy and Kalman (Ed), Elsevier; Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., Performance characteristics of reciprocating plate feeders (1989) Proc. Third International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Conveying, pp. 369-377. , The Institution of Engineers Australia, Newcastle; Roberts, A.W., Harrison, A., Wiche, S., Performance characteristics of plough feeders (1990) 15 Th Powder and Bulk Solids Conference, , Chicago. U.S.A; Roberts, A.W., Mechanics of shear-gate type plate feeder (1992) 17th Powder and Bulk Solids Conference, pp. 287-302. , Chicago, U.S.A; Roberts, A.W., McBride, B., Some aspects of tube feeder performance (1994) 19th Powder and Bulk Solids, Conference, pp. 157-170. , Chicago, U.S.A; Manjunath, K.S., Roberts, A.W., Investigation into the performance of tube type feeders (2003) Proc. 4th International Conference for Conveying and Handling of Bulk Solids, pp. 14.25-14.30. , (CHOPS) Budapest, Hungary; Roberts, A.W., Performance of orbiting screw reclaimers (2006) Bulk Solids Handling, 26 (1); Deresiewicz, Mechanics of granular matter (1958) Advances in Applied Mechanics, 5. , Academic Press, New York; Trollope, D.H., Mechanics of discontinua of clastic mechanics (1967) Research Bulletin No.2, , Department of Engineering, University College of Townsville (Now James Cook University); Cleary, P.W., Ball mill simulation using DEM: Charge motion, power draw, segregation and wear (1998) Proc. 8th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 381-387. , The Instn. of Engrs. Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Tu?zu?n, U., Computer simulations of bulk solids; a critical review of discrete element techniques (1998) Proc. 8th International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, pp. 35-39. , The Instn. of Engrs. Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Roberts, A.W., Dynamic modelling of bulk solids storage, discharge and handling systems (2000) Bulk Solids Handling, 20 (2), pp. 183-189; Roberts, A.W., Predicting the performance of open front inclined apron feeders (2000) Proc. from Powder to Bulk Conference, pp. 443-452. , The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London; Roberts, A.W., An investigation into the gravity flow of non-cohesive granular materials through discharge chutes (1969) Trans. A.S.M.E., Jnl. for Engng, in Industry, 91 (2), pp. 373-381. , Series B; Chiarella, C., Charlton, W.H., Roberts, A.W., Optimum chute profiles in gravity flow of granular material: A discrete segment solution (1969) Trans. A.S.M.E. Jnl. for Engng. in Industry, 91 (2). , Series B; Chiarella, C., Charlton, W.H., Roberts, A.W., Chute profile for minimum transit time in the gravity flow of granular materials (1972) Jnl. Agric. Engng. Res., 17; Savage, S.B., Gravity flow of cohesionless granular materials in chute and channels (1979) J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 92, (PART 1), pp. 53-96; Roberts, A.W., Scott, O.J., Flow of bulk solids through transfer chutes of variable geometry and profile (1981) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 1, (4), pp. 715-727; Roberts, A.W., Chute design considerations for feeding and transfer (2001) Proc. Beltcon 11, International Materials Handling Conference, , Johannesburg, South Africa, 1-2 August; Hill, J.M., Zheng, X.M., Dilatant double shearing theory applied to granular chute flow (1996) Acta Mechanica, 118 (1-4), pp. 97-108; Roberts, A.W., Chute performance and design for rapid flow conditions (2003) Chemical Engineering Technology, 26 (2), pp. 163-170; Roberts, A.W., Wensrich, C.M., Stratton, R.E., Influence of flow properties and geometry on chute design and performance Proc. Particle Systems Analysis Conference 2005, , Stratford-Upon Avon, England; Wensrich, C.M., Evolutionary optimisation in chute design (2003) Powder Technology, 138, pp. 118-123; Roberts, A.W., Wheeler, C.A., Krull, T., Wiche, S.J., (2006) Dust Reduction in Delivery of Particulate Commodities, , Provisional Patent filed with Australian Patent Office, US Patent Office and Canadian Patent Office, April; Roberts, A.W., Mechanical conveying (2000) Proc. from Powder to Bulk Conference, pp. 377-410. , The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London; Roberts, A.W., Bulk solid and conveyor belt interactions for efficient transportation without spillage (1998) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 18, (1), pp. 49-57; Wheeler, C.A., (2003) Analysis of Main Resistances of Belt Conveyors, , PhD Thesis The University of Newcastle, Australia; Wheeler, C.A., Roberts, A.W., Jones, M.G., Calculating the flexural resistance of bulk solids transported on belt conveyors (2004) Particle and Particle Systems Characterisation, 21, pp. 340-347; Roberts, A.W., Design and performance criteria for screw conveyors in bulk solids operations (2002) Bulk Solids Handling Vol. 21, (6), pp. 436-444; Klinzing, G., Pneumatic conveying: Transport solutions, pitfalls and measurements (2001) Handbook of Powder Technology, 10, pp. 291-301. , A. LEVY and H. KALMAN (EDS.): Elsevier; Wypych, P.W., Dilute-phase pneumatic conveying - Problems and solutions (2001) Handbook of Powder Technology, 10, pp. 303-318. , A. LEVY and H. KALMAN (EDS.): Elsevier; Jones, M.G., Characterisation for pneumatic conveyor design (2005) Characterisation of Bulk Solids, pp. 151-180. , Chapter 5 D. MCGLINCHEY (ED.): Blackwell Publishing; Bunn, T.F., Chambers, A.J., Experiences pumping dense slurries containing large particles (1998) 46th Japanese National Conference on Rheology, pp. 117-118. , August Rakuno-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan; Bunn, T.F., Chambers, A.J., Pressure loss calculations for thickened slurries containing large particles (1999) 14th International Conference on Slurry Handling and Pipeline Transport, , Maastricht, The Netherlands, 8 -10 September.},
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ref_id = 402
@article{chang0000stability,

	author = {Chang, C. and Kuhn, M. R.},
	title = {Stability, bifurcation, and softening in discrete systems: A conceptual approach for granular materials},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present the results of sub-surface crack-length measurements in an aluminium sample that are inferred from surface strains calculated using digital image correlation (DIC). DIC is a photometric technique that uses a calibrated stereo camera system to calculate the 3D shape and motion of an imaged scene [1,2]. Image correlation has already proven itself to be useful for crack tip investigation due to the ability to obtain a relatively dense set of strain measurements in a region of interest. Traditionally, this has been accomplished using 2D-DIC techniques that require only a single camera [3], however, the more complex geometry of the current experiment required 3D information to correctly map the crack-tip strains onto the curved surface. This complex sample geometry was carefully constructed to maintain a stable strain field in order to produce crack growth at rates easily captured with high-resolution digital cameras operating with a 4-Hz frame rate (see Fig. 1). A preliminary experiment was conducted where the crack growth was halted and x-ray methods were used to find the sub-surface crack-tip location. The sub-surface crack location corresponded to a surface strain of 10\%. This value was then used for tracking the crack extension as the specimen failed. The three samples tested showed excellent agreement. The crack length and applied load versus sample extension (measured with a linear variable differential transformer) for a single sample is shown in Fig. 2. Also shown are images of the strain field at assorted times during the test. The theoretical  ” peanut” shaped crack-tip strain predicted by the plane stress Tresca criterion is evident in the measured strain field.},
	booktitle = {Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653087},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chang, Kuhn - 2006 - Stability, bifurcation, and softening in discrete systems A conceptual approach for granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1\_275},
	comment = {10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1\_275},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1\_275},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bifurcation, database, dem, granular, jps, media, micromechanics, ness, piv, powder, softening, stability, sti},
	number = {20},
	pages = {6026-6051+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chang, Kuhn - 2006 - Stability, bifurcation, and softening in discrete systems A conceptual approach for granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bifurcation,
		dem,
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		jps,
		medium,
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		powder,
		softening,
		stability,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 403
@article{bradley0000effects,

	author = {Bradley, M. and Pittman, A. N. and Bingley, M. and Farnish, R. J. and Pickering, J.},
	title = {Effects of wall material hardness on choice of wall materials for design of hoppers and silos for the discharge of hard bulk solids},
	journal = {Tribology International},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653086},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bradley et al. - 2000 - Effects of wall material hardness on choice of wall materials for design of hoppers and silos for the discharge of hard bulk solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TW8-44CMX3P-K/2/c94614f4860cd8732b20fe516e7f69c3},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00298-1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, consolidation, database, dem, jps, metals, piv, powder},
	number = {12},
	pages = {845-853+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bradley et al. - 2000 - Effects of wall material hardness on choice of wall materials for design of hoppers and silos for the discharge of hard bulk solids.pdf},
	volume = {33},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		consolidation,
		dem,
		jps,
		metal,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 404
@article{bardet0000numerical_1,

	author = {Bardet, J. P. and Proubet, J.},
	title = {Numerical Simulations of Shear Bands in Idealized Granular Materials},
	journal = {scientific.net},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653085},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet, Proubet - 1992 - Numerical Simulations of Shear Bands in Idealized Granular Materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.61},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2010 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {473-481+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet, Proubet - 1992 - Numerical Simulations of Shear Bands in Idealized Granular Materials.pdf},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 405
@article{bilgili0000stress,

	author = {Bilgili, E. and Yepes, J. and Stephenson, L. and Johanson, K. and Scarlett, B.},
	title = {Stress Inhomogeneity in Powder Specimens Tested in the Jenike Shear Cell: Myth or Fact?},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653084},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bilgili et al. - 2004 - Stress Inhomogeneity in Powder Specimens Tested in the Jenike Shear Cell Myth or Fact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e041307},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2010 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {293-302+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bilgili et al. - 2004 - Stress Inhomogeneity in Powder Specimens Tested in the Jenike Shear Cell Myth or Fact.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 406
@article{bardenhagen0000numerical,

	author = {Bardenhagen, S. G. and Brackbill, J. U. and Sulsky, D.},
	title = {Numerical study of stress distribution in sheared granular material in two dimensions},
	journal = {Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We simulate the response of dense granular material to shear. Our simulations use a micromechanical model which includes realistic material models for each deformable grain, and a Coulomb friction model for interactions between grains. We measure the probability density function (PDF) governing the volume distribution of stress for monodisperse and polydisperse samples, circular and polygonal grains, and various values of microscopic friction coefficients, yield stresses, and packing fractions. Remarkably, PDF's are similar in form for all cases simulated, and similar to those observed in experiments with granular materials under both compression and shear. Namely, the simulations yield an exponential probability of large stresses above the mean. The relationship between distributions of boundary tractions and volume distributions of stress is discussed. The ratio of normal and tangential components of traction on the boundary defines a bulk frictional response, which is shown to increase with the intergranular friction coefficient. However, the bulk friction is always larger than the intergranular friction for densely packed samples. Bulk friction is also strongly dependent on grain size distribution and shape. New observations of force-chain banding during recrystallization, of slip systems in monodisperse samples, and of the effects of plastic yield, are also presented.},
	address = {Institute for Computational Physics, Pfaffenwaldring 27, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\'{a} D.C., Colombia; Earth Systems Science Computational Centre, The University of Queensland, Sta. Lucia, Qld., Australia; Institut f\"{u}r Baustoffe, ETH-H\"{o}enggerberg, Z\"{u}rich, Switzerland},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653083},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardenhagen, Brackbill, Sulsky - 2000 - Numerical study of stress distribution in sheared granular material in two dimensions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.618},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.618},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {3 Pt B},
	pages = {3882-90+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardenhagen, Brackbill, Sulsky - 2000 - Numerical study of stress distribution in sheared granular material in two dimensions.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 407
@article{arteaga0000flow,

	author = {Arteaga, P. and Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, U.},
	title = {Flow of binary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers - size segregation, flowing density and discharge rates},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653082},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Arteaga, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn - 1990 - Flow of binary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers - size segregation, flowing density and discharge rates.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v67/e031302},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.67.031302},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {205-223+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Arteaga, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn - 1990 - Flow of binary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers - size segregation, flowing density and discharge rates.pdf},
	volume = {45},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 408
@article{morrow0000jkrdmt,

	author = {Morrow, C. and Lovell, M. and Ning, X.},
	title = {A JKR-DMT transition solution for adhesive rough surface contact},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Utilizing Maugis\^{a}€ ” Dugdale transition theory and a procedure demonstrated by Fuller and Tabor, a solution is given for adhesive rough surface contact. The resulting solution includes adhesive forces of asperities that are in intimate contact and asperities that are not in contact but within the range of adhesion. This work further illustrates that adhesive overload can significantly increase frictional forces.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653081},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morrow, Lovell, Ning - 2003 - A JKR-DMT transition solution for adhesive rough surface contact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04549},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7078/suppinfo/nature04549\_S1.html},
	comment = {0028-0836
10.1038/nature04549
10.1038/nature04549},
	doi = {10.1038/nature04549},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {534-540+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morrow, Lovell, Ning - 2003 - A JKR-DMT transition solution for adhesive rough surface contact.pdf},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 409
@article{cates0000jamming_1,

	author = {Cates, M. and Wittmer, J. and Bouchaud, J. P. and Claudin, P.},
	title = {Jamming, Force Chains, and Fragile Matter},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present exact results for the contact forces in a three dimensional static piling of identical, stiff and frictionless spheres. The pile studied is a pyramid of equilateral triangular base ("stack of cannonballs") with a FCC (face centered cubic) structure. We show in particular that, as for the two dimensional case, the pressure on the base of such a pile is uniform.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653080},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cates et al. - 1998 - Jamming, Force Chains, and Fragile Matter.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3W1Y662-17/2/b980bf75e7e73cb3b3ce15260df4b666},
	old_keywords = {3d, aarons, database, dem, dip, granular, jps, pile, piv, powder, pressure},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1841-1844+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cates et al. - 1998 - Jamming, Force Chains, and Fragile Matter.pdf},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		3d,
		aarons,
		dem,
		dip,
		granular,
		jps,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 410
@incollection{lambert0000state,

	author = {Lambert, P.},
	title = {State of the Art on the Capillary Force Models at Equilibrium},
	booktitle = {Capillary Forces in Microassembly},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653079},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lambert - 2007 - State of the Art on the Capillary Force Models at Equilibrium.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-7744230793\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=7128a2a3f057ddcacecead59c70d7e49},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 19
Export Date: 28 February 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
978-0-387-71088-4},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	location = {Boston, MA},
	number = {8},
	pages = {539-542+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lambert - 2007 - State of the Art on the Capillary Force Models at Equilibrium.pdf},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 411
@article{drescher0000arching_1,

	author = {Drescher, A. and Waters, A. J. and Rhoades, C. A.},
	title = {Arching in hoppers. I: Arching theories and bulk material flow properties},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Microstructural changes during shear deformation in two natural sands and one artificial assembly of oval rods are investigated with special interest in the micromechanisms leading to the generation of shear bands. Anisotropy is gradually apparent, in a strain-hardening process, as load carrying columns develop and extend parallel to the major principal stress direction. Buckling of these columns, which starts near the peak stress, causes strain softening accompanied by the generation of shear bands. As a result, large voids are produced in shear bands between the buckling columns, and the resulting local void ratio can be larger than the maximum void ratio. Particle orientation changes sharply at shear-band boundaries, so that a high gradient of particle rotation can be developed within relatively narrow shear zones during the shear-banding process. Based on these findings, a microdeformation model is proposed, which emphasizes that the development of induced anisotropy in the strain-hardening process is a necessary condition for the generation of shear bands in granular soils.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653078},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Drescher, Waters, Rhoades - 1995 - Arching in hoppers. I Arching theories and bulk material flow properties.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-3V6YDM1-G/2/c162e4ca52cbe98a45a4c5a8d1a33085},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6636(97)00018-5},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arch, bulk, database, dem, flow, hoppers, jps, materials, piv, powder, properties, symmetrical},
	number = {2},
	pages = {165-176+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Drescher, Waters, Rhoades - 1995 - Arching in hoppers. I Arching theories and bulk material flow properties.pdf},
	volume = {84},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		arch,
		bulk,
		dem,
		flow,
		hopper,
		jps,
		material,
		piv,
		powder,
		symmetry,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 412
@article{chen0000finiteelement,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Yu, S. K. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Finite-element modeling of filling pressures in a full-scale silo},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653077},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2001 - Finite-element modeling of filling pressures in a full-scale silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/p1971},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.57.1971},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1058-1066+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2001 - Finite-element modeling of filling pressures in a full-scale silo.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 413
@article{anand0000predicting_1,

	author = {Anand, A. and Curtis, J. S. and Wassgren, C. R. and Hancock, B. C. and Ketterhagen, W. R.},
	title = {Predicting discharge dynamics from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method ( DEM )},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653076},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anand et al. - 2008 - Predicting discharge dynamics from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method ( DEM ).pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4W6YDWT-2/2/addfc10af0bc948c7a1d72edd2331bc2},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.04.019},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discharge, discrete, element, granular, hopper, jps, material, meso-scale, method, piv, powder, rate, strain, structure},
	number = {17},
	pages = {3257-3271+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anand et al. - 2008 - Predicting discharge dynamics from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method ( DEM ).pdf},
	volume = {63},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discharge,
		discrete,
		granular,
		hopper,
		jps,
		material,
		mesoscale,
		piv,
		powder,
		rate,
		strain,
		structure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 414
@article{nicolas0000compaction,

	author = {Nicolas, M. and Duru, P. and Pouliquen, O.},
	title = {Compaction of a granular material under cyclic shear},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A series of drained tests were performed numerically on specimens with ellipsoids of two different shapes. The drained tests include axial extension, constant mean stress compression, lateral compression, lateral extension, plane strain, triaxial compression, triaxial extension and six constant-b tests. The six constant-b tests were conducted by varying the intermediate principal stress with b = (? 2 - ?3)/(?1 - ? 3) = 0, 0?, 0?, 0?, 0? and 1. These tests were performed using the discrete element method (DEM with pressure boundaries. Two specimens composed of 1170 ellipsoids with two different aspect ratios were created. The two specimens were consolidated isotropically before being loaded along different stress paths. The effects of intermediate principal stress, mean stress, particle shape and stress path were investigated. The results show that the stress-strain behaviour of constant-b tests was affected by mean stress. Similar behaviours were observed for the drained tests with b = 0 regardless of the stress path. The friction angles of these tests were then compared with four failure criteria that have been proposed in the literature. Overall, the Lade and Ogawa models are better than the models proposed by Matsuoka \& Nakai and Satake. The Ogawa model has a slightly better performance than the Lade model.},
	address = {Civil Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653075},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nicolas, Duru, Pouliquen - 2000 - Compaction of a granular material under cyclic shear.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11044227470\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 8
Export Date: 9 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, jps, modelling, numerical, path, piv, powder, shear, strength, stress},
	number = {4},
	pages = {309-314+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nicolas, Duru, Pouliquen - 2000 - Compaction of a granular material under cyclic shear.pdf},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		model,
		numeric,
		path,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 415
@incollection{muhlhaus0000particle,

	author = {M\"{u}hlhaus, H. and Sakaguchi, H. and Moresi, L. and Graham, N.},
	title = {Particle in cell and discrete element models for granular materials},
	booktitle = {Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 7-12 January 2001},
	publisher = {AIP},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653074},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¼hlhaus et al. - 2001 - Particle in cell and discrete element models for granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APC/1145/157/1},
	comment = {Shear Band Development in Sandy Soil Beneath Strip Footing using PIV
 | 
1979},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compressive, database, dem, grain, growth, jps, piv, powder, testing, velocimeters},
	location = {Golden (Colorado)},
	number = {1},
	pages = {511-517+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¼hlhaus et al. - 2001 - Particle in cell and discrete element models for granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {1145},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		grain,
		growth,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		velocimetry,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 416
@article{latzel0000macroscopic_1,

	author = {L\"{a}tzel, M. and Luding, S. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Macroscopic material properties from quasi-static, microscopic simulations of a two-dimensional shear-cell},
	journal = {Granular Matter 2},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653073},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/L\~{A}¤tzel, Luding, Herrmann - 2000 - Macroscopic material properties from quasi-static, microscopic simulations of a two-dimensional shear-cell.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?ASC/188/33/1},
	comment = {Multiscale Analysis of the Effects of Changing Gravity on Stress Propagation in a Material Subject to an Indenting Rigid Flat Punch},
	old_keywords = {aarons, aerospace, anisotropy, continuum, database, dem, engineering, granular, gravity, homegenization, jps, materials, micro-macro, modelling, piv, powder, rotation, stress, theory, transition},
	location = {League City/Houston, Texas, USA},
	number = {3},
	pages = {123-135+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ASCE},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/L\~{A}¤tzel, Luding, Herrmann - 2000 - Macroscopic material properties from quasi-static, microscopic simulations of a two-dimensional shear-cell.pdf},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		aerospace,
		anisotropy,
		continuum,
		dem,
		granular,
		gravity,
		homogeneity,
		jps,
		material,
		micromacro,
		model,
		piv,
		powder,
		rotation,
		stress,
		transition,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 417
@article{briscoe0000discrete,

	author = {Briscoe, B. J.},
	title = {Discrete particle-wall interactions in powder flow},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653072},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Briscoe - 1987 - Discrete particle-wall interactions in powder flow.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MCSE.2009.4},
	comment = {Computing in Science and Engineering
 | 
1521-9615
 | 
Computer Simulation of Granular Materials},
	old_keywords = {aarons, computer, database, dem, granular, jps, macroscale, material, materials, microscale, piv, powder, science, simulations},
	number = {4},
	pages = {713-723+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Briscoe - 1987 - Discrete particle-wall interactions in powder flow.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jps,
		macroscale,
		material,
		material,
		microscale,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 418
@article{hsiau0000velocity,

	author = {Hsiau, S. S. and Smid, J. and Wang, C. Y. and Kuo, J. T. and Chou, C. S.},
	title = {Velocity profiles of granules in moving bed filters},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate the effect of the geometry of granular heaps on the pressure distribution. For given pressure distributions under cones we compute the pressure distribution under wedges using linear superposition. For cones with a pressure minimum, the pressure minimum for the corresponding wedge vanishes. Comparisons with experimental data gives good qualitative aggreement, but the total pressure is overestimated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653071},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau et al. - 1999 - Velocity profiles of granules in moving bed filters.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100350050025},
	comment = {10.1007/s100350050025},
	doi = {10.1007/s100350050025},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bed, database, dem, filtration, granules, jps, les, louvered, method, moving, particle, piv, powder, pro, tracking, velocity, walls},
	number = {3},
	pages = {293-301+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau et al. - 1999 - Velocity profiles of granules in moving bed filters.pdf},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		dem,
		filtration,
		granular,
		jps,
		louvered,
		moving,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		tracking,
		velocity,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 419
@article{cundall0000discontinuous,

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {A discontinuous future for numerical modelling in geomechanics?},
	journal = {Geotechnical Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The discrete element method (DEM) in the simulation of static packings allows one to investigate the behavior of granular materials by modeling the forces on the particle level. No macroscopic parameters like the angle of repose enter the simulation, but they can be extracted as a result of the particle properties like friction, roughness or shape. One of the issues of static packings recently discussed is the stress distribution under granular heaps. This problem is used to highlight the possibilities of modeling at the particle level using DEM. Phenomena like arching or stress-chains are observed even for spherical particles in a regular pile in the absence of friction if the bottom is rough. The situation does not change much if polygonal, frictional particles are used without disturbing the regular piling. For more realistic situations, when the pile is built by pouring grains from above, the packing and the stresses are influenced by the creation history. The more eccentric the polygons are, the more pronounced a dip is observed in the vertical stress under the apex of the sand-pile.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653070},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cundall - 2001 - A discontinuous future for numerical modelling in geomechanics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-V/2/5020f0830639739fa36992d1626a05a5},
	old_keywords = {aarons, aids, analysis, database, dem, design, friction, jps, mathema-, methods, modeling, modelling, non-spherical, numerical, particles, piv, powder, sandpiles, stress, tical},
	number = {1},
	pages = {41-47+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cundall - 2001 - A discontinuous future for numerical modelling in geomechanics.pdf},
	volume = {149},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		friction,
		jps,
		mathematics,
		model,
		model,
		nonspheric,
		numeric,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 420
@article{marconi0000janssens,

	author = {Marconi, U. M. B. and Petri, A. and Vulpiani, A.},
	title = {Janssen's law and stress fluctuations in confined dry granular materials},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In order to clarify the mechanisms which determine the Janssen\^{a}€™s law for the pressure distri- bution at the bottom of a silo we reconsider the so-called q-model describing an assembly of granular particles on a lattice, confined between vertical walls. We find that the expected macro- scopic behavior with the correct scaling is obtained whenever a mechanism able to transfer the weight from the interior of the silo to the walls in an efficient way is present, i.e., in mean field regime. Deviations from the Janssen law\^{a}€™s found in lattice models are due to the absence of this efficient mechanism. We investigate the scaling properties of a stick-slip model recently introduced, and find that relative fluctuations do not disappear for large systems and are of the order of average values. Finally we observe that an exponential local weight distribution at the bottom of the silo is independent of the model considered.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653069},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Marconi, Petri, Vulpiani - 2000 - Janssen's law and stress fluctuations in confined dry granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v84/p4160},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4160},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {279-288+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Marconi, Petri, Vulpiani - 2000 - Janssen's law and stress fluctuations in confined dry granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {280},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 421
@article{carpick0000general,

	author = {Carpick, R. W. and Ogletree, D. and Salmeron, M.},
	title = {A General Equation for Fitting Contact Area and Friction vs Load Measurements},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The variation of contact area with load between adhesive elastic spheres depends upon the effective range of attractive surface forces. Relatively simple forms to describe limiting cases exist, but the general intermediate case requires a more complex analysis. Maugis, using a Dugdale model [D. Maugis, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 150, 243 (1992)], provides an analytic solution, but the resulting equations are cumbersome if one wishes to compare with experimental data such as atomic force microscope measurements. In this paper we present a simpler general equation that approximates Maugis' solution extremely closely. The general equation is amenable to conventional curve fitting software routines and provides a rapid method of determining the value of the "transition parameter" which describes the range of surface forces. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653068},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Carpick, Ogletree, Salmeron - 1999 - A General Equation for Fitting Contact Area and Friction vs Load Measurements.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03805},
	comment = {0028-0836
10.1038/nature03805
10.1038/nature03805},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03805},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, apparatus, area, atomic, comparison, contact, database, dem, dugdale, ent, force, forces, friction, in, jps, mechanics, microscope, model, piv, powder, range, short, spheres, surface, the, to, when},
	number = {2},
	pages = {395-400+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Carpick, Ogletree, Salmeron - 1999 - A General Equation for Fitting Contact Area and Friction vs Load Measurements.pdf},
	volume = {211},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		atomic,
		contact,
		dem,
		dugdale,
		force,
		force,
		friction,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		microscopy,
		model,
		piv,
		powder,
		range,
		sphere,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 422
@article{coetzee0000calibration,

	author = {Coetzee, C. J. and Els, D. N. J.},
	title = {Calibration of granular material parameters for DEM modelling and numerical verification by blade\^{a}€ ” granular material interaction},
	journal = {Journal of Terramechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a numerical study on deep penetration mechanisms in granular materials with the focus on the effect of soil-penetrometer interface friction. A two-dimensional discrete element method has been used to carry out simulation of deep penetration tests on a granular ground that is under an amplified gravity with a K0 lateral stress boundary. The numerical results show that the deep penetration makes the soil near the penetrometer move in a complex displacement path, undergo an evident loading and unloading process, and a rotation of principal stresses as large as 180? In addition, the penetration leads to significant changes in displacement and velocity fields as well as the magnitude and direction of stresses. In general, during the whole penetration process, the granular ground undergoes several kinds of failure mechanisms in sequence, and the soil of large deformation may reach a stress state slightly over the strength envelope obtained from conventional compression tests. Soil-penetrometer interface friction has clear effects on the actual penetration mechanisms. Copyright ?2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K.; School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M60 1QD, U.K.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653067},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Coetzee, Els - 2009 - Calibration of granular material parameters for DEM modelling and numerical verification by blade\^{a}€ ” granular material interaction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.473},
	comment = {10.1002/nag.473},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.473},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {15-26+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Coetzee, Els - 2009 - Calibration of granular material parameters for DEM modelling and numerical verification by blade\^{a}€ ” granular material interaction.pdf},
	volume = {46},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 423
@article{brewster0000effects_1,

	author = {Brewster, R. and Grest, G. S. and Levine, A.},
	title = {Effects of cohesion on the surface angle and velocity profiles of granular material in a rotating drum},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653066},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brewster, Grest, Levine - 2009 - Effects of cohesion on the surface angle and velocity profiles of granular material in a rotating drum.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v70/e051314},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2008 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.70.051314},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-7+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brewster, Grest, Levine - 2009 - Effects of cohesion on the surface angle and velocity profiles of granular material in a rotating drum.pdf},
	volume = {79},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 424
@article{brilliantov0000rolling_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, N. V. and P\~{A}{\P}schel, T.},
	title = {Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element simulations, with the particle-particle interaction model based on classical contact mechanics theory between two non-adhesive spheres, were carried out and compared with `sandpile' experiments using spherical particles in order to assess the validation of the simulation data. The contact interaction model is a combination of Hertzian theory for the normal interaction and Mindlin-Deresiewicz theory for the tangential interaction. To ensure the consistency of the simulations with the experiments, the measurement of sliding friction, a key parameter in DEM simulations, was highlighted. A simple experimental method for establishing the value of the friction coefficient was proposed and used in measuring the friction of the rough glass beads and steel balls to be modelled in the simulations. The simulations were carried out for two cases according to particle arrangements: the first is quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D), with a smaller flat cuboidal box containing the spherical particles inside another box for discharge, and the second case is axisymmetric (3D). For both cases, simulations and experiments were carried out for assemblies of polydisperse rough glass beads under the same conditions. Comparisons were made that showed that the profiles and hence the measured angles of repose, in each case, were in good agreement, thus supporting the validity of the discrete element model used. Further numerical-experimental comparisons were carried out for 3D conical piles using smooth monodisperse steel balls and the same conclusions were obtained.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653065},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brilliantov, P\~{A}{\P}schel - 1998 - Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4HC0R3T-2/2/e06cbd9a46a6531aab53e93f0df94375},
	old_keywords = {aarons, angle, base, database, dem, discrete, distribution, element, jps, method, of, particles, piv, powder, pressure, repose, sandpiles},
	number = {3},
	pages = {511-516+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brilliantov, P\~{A}{\P}schel - 1998 - Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		distribution,
		jps,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		repose,
		sand,pile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 425
@article{cundall1979discrete_1,

	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Strack, O. D. L.},
	title = {A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies},
	journal = {G\'{e}otechnique},
	year = {1979},

	abstract = {Purpose - To present a discrete particle model for granular materials. Design/methodology/approach - Starting with kinematical analysis of relative movements of two typical circular grains with different radii in contact, both the relative rolling and the relative sliding motion measurements at contact, including translational and angular velocities (displacements) are defined. Both the rolling and sliding friction tangential forces, and the rolling friction resistance moment, which are constitutively related to corresponding relative motion measurements defined, are formulated and integrated into the framework of dynamic model of the discrete element method. Findings - Numerical results demonstrate that the importance of rolling friction resistance, including both rolling friction tangential force and rolling friction resistance moment, in correct simulations of physical behavior in particulate systems; and the capability of the proposed model in simulating the different types of failure modes, such as the landslide (shear bands), the compression cracking and the mud avalanching, in granular materials. Research limitations/implications - Each grain in the particulate system under consideration is assumed to be rigid and circular. Do not account for the effects of plastic deformation at the contact points. Practical implications - To model the failure phenomena of granular materials in geo-mechanics and geo-technical engineering problems; and to be a component model in a combined discrete-continuum macroscopic approach or a two-scale discrete-continuum micro- macro-scopic approach to granular media. Originality/value - This paper develops a new discrete particle model to describe granular media in several branches of engineering such as soil mechanics, power technologies or sintering processes. ?Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
	address = {Civil and Computational Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653064},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&\#38;btnG=Search\&\#38;q=intitle:A+discrete+numerical+model+for+granular+assemblies\#0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27844528817\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 4
Export Date: 6 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, jps, materials, mateusz, mathematical, modelling, numerical, of, paper\_1, particle, physical, physics, piv, powder, properties, sj\_nk},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47--65},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&\#38;btnG=Search\&\#38;q=intitle:A+discrete+numerical+model+for+granular+assemblies\#0},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		material,
		mateusz,
		mathematics,
		model,
		numeric,
		paper1,
		particle,
		physical,
		physics,
		piv,
		powder,
		sjnk,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 426
@article{cutress0000xray,

	author = {Cutress, J. O. and Pulfer, R. F.},
	title = {X-Ray investigations of flowing powders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653063},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cutress, Pulfer - 1967 - X-Ray investigations of flowing powders.pdf},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 31 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {213-220+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cutress, Pulfer - 1967 - X-Ray investigations of flowing powders.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 427
@article{butt0000normal,

	author = {Butt and Kappl, M.},
	title = {Normal capillary forces},
	journal = {Advances in Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A liquid meniscus between two lyophilic solid surfaces causes an attractive force, the capillary force. The meniscus can form by capillary condensation or by accumulation of adsorbed liquid. Under ambient conditions and between hydrophilic surfaces, capillary forces usually dominate over other surface forces. They are relevant in many processes occurring in nature and technical applications, for example the flow of granular materials and friction between surfaces. Here we review normal capillary forces, focusing on a quantitative description with continuum theory. After introducing the capillary force between spherical surfaces, we extend the discussion to other regular and irregular surfaces. The influence of surface roughness is considered. In addition to capillary forces at equilibrium, we also describe the process of meniscus formation. Assumptions, limits, and perspectives for future work are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653062},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Butt, Kappl - 2009 - Normal capillary forces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v67/e041303},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.67.041303},
	old_keywords = {aarons, capillary, condensation, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {48-60+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Butt, Kappl - 2009 - Normal capillary forces.pdf},
	volume = {146},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		condensation,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 428
@article{asmar0000energy,

	author = {Asmar, B. N. and Langston, P. A. and Matchett, A. J. and Walters, J. K.},
	title = {Energy monitoring in distinct element models of particle systems},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experiments test the dependence of shearing stress on the first two gradients of shear strain. The tests were conducted by direct numerical simulation using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) on a large two-dimensional (2D) assembly of circular disks. The assembly was coerced into non-uniformly deformed shapes by applying body forces to the material region. The tests show that shearing stress is affected by both the first and second gradients of shear strain, and the measured responses to strain and its gradients are all incrementally non-linear. The dilation rate is unaffected by strain gradients. Particle rotations, although highly erratic, are, on average, consistent with the mean-field rotation and unaffected by strain gradients. In independent unconstrained tests, the material was sheared without body forces so that localization could freely occur. Three localization patterns were observed: microbands at very small strains; non-persistent shear bands at moderate strains; and persistent bands at large strains. The observed features of microbands and shear bands are consistent with the measured influences of shearing strain and its first two derivatives.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653061},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Asmar et al. - 2003 - Energy monitoring in distinct element models of particle systems.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-4CYR56K-2/2/7e2a561c2fb3a4fd295fe6908eb38140},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, cohesion, database, deformation, dem, discrete, element, energy, granular, inhomogeneous, jps, localized, material, method, microstructures, monitoring, piv, powder, shear, simulation, vibration},
	number = {1},
	pages = {43-69+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Asmar et al. - 2003 - Energy monitoring in distinct element models of particle systems.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		cohesion,
		deformation,
		dem,
		discrete,
		energy,
		granular,
		inhomogeneity,
		jps,
		localization,
		material,
		microstructure,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 429
@article{flom0000theory,

	author = {Flom, D. G. and Bueche, A. M.},
	title = {Theory of rolling friction for spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {An algorithm is presented for creating a flexible boundary to analyze three-dimensional assemblies of spheres. It can be used to study localization phenomena in particulate materials. The boundary is composed of adjoining triangular plate elements which are connected at their corners to the centres of neighbouring spheres. The applied external boundary stresses create traction forces on the plates, which are distributed among the plates' particles. The boundary performed favourably in tests on a large assembly of particles when only contact and rotational damping were used. Plane strain compression tests on assemblies with flexible and periodic boundaries revealed a lower strength with the former. This result could be due to the greater restraint on particle movements produced by periodic boundaries or to the early development of a column buckling failure pattern of the assembly with flexible boundaries. No shear bands were observed in the assembly.},
	address = {Univ of Portland, Portland, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653060},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Flom, Bueche - 1959 - Theory of rolling friction for spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029250839\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 8
Export Date: 14 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1725-1725+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Flom, Bueche - 1959 - Theory of rolling friction for spheres.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 430
@article{bohrnsen0000silo_1,

	author = {Bohrnsen, J. U. and Antes, H. and Ostendorf, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Silo Discharge: Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behavior in Bulk Solids},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element models are used to investigate the formation of coherent structures within a deforming granular material. The numerical models predict the formation of coherent vortex-like structures, even when the boundary deformations introduce zero vorticity. We name these structures circulation cells because the particles instantaneously translate and rotate as a rigid body about a common centre. They occur for all the particle shapes and material properties tested. The size of these coherent structures range from approximately 20 to 600 particles, with the largest structures being limited by the test boundaries. Circulation cells are seen to play an important role in granular deformations including the formation of shear bands. ?1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory (IESL), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653059},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bohrnsen et al. - 2004 - Silo Discharge Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Bulk Solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199707)2:3\%3C223::AID-CFM30\%3E3.0.CO;2-F},
	comment = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199707)2:3<223::AID-CFM30>3.0.CO;2-F},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199707)2:3\%3C223::AID-CFM30\%3E3.0.CO;2-F},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {71-76+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bohrnsen et al. - 2004 - Silo Discharge Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Bulk Solids.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 431
@article{cleary0000modelling_1,

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Sawley, M. L.},
	title = {DEM modelling of industrial granular flows: 3D case studies and the effect of particle shape on hopper discharge},
	journal = {Applied Mathematical Modelling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K.; School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M60 1QD, U.K.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653058},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary, Sawley - 2002 - DEM modelling of industrial granular flows 3D case studies and the effect of particle shape on hopper discharge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.473},
	comment = {10.1002/nag.473},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.473},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {22-22+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary, Sawley - 2002 - DEM modelling of industrial granular flows 3D case studies and the effect of particle shape on hopper discharge.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 432
@article{greenwood0000adhesion_1,

	author = {Greenwood, J. A.},
	title = {Adhesion of elastic spheres},
	journal = {Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;This paper presents an investigation on future continuum models for granular materials in penetration analyses. A two-dimensional discrete element method has been used to numerically simulate penetration tests on a granular ground. The stress paths of soil elements in the ground have been studied, and then used to highlight the main features of granular materials based on most-advanced knowledge in soil mechanics. The study shows that the penetration makes the soil near the penetrometer undergo a significant changes of stresses in both magnitude and direction. The soil of large deformation rate may arrive at a stress state slightly over the strength envelope obtained from conventional tests. As a result, shear dilatancy, rate-dependency, non-coaxiality and particle crushing are the four main features that future continuum models should capture for granular materials in penetration analyses.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653057},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 1997 - Adhesion of elastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-006-0026-y},
	comment = {10.1007/s10035-006-0026-y},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-006-0026-y},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1961},
	pages = {12771297-12771297+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 1997 - Adhesion of elastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {453},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 433
@proceedings{cleary0000threedimensional,

	title = {Three-dimensional modelling of industrial granular flows},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Sawley, M. L.},
	booktitle = {Second international conference on CFD in the minerals and process industries},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653056},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary, Sawley - 1999 - Three-dimensional modelling of industrial granular flows.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4VX0BMH-1/2/ffaf6118b05ec5f56bd8afef256305fe},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.02.001
 | 
Three-dimensional modelling of industrial granular flows},
	journal = {Computers and Geotechnics},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, continuum, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, improvement, jps, method, model, physical, pile, piv, powder, soil},
	number = {December},
	pages = {95-100+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Citeseer},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary, Sawley - 1999 - Three-dimensional modelling of industrial granular flows.pdf},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		continuum,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jps,
		model,
		physical,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 434
@article{fraige0000integration,

	author = {Fraige, F. Y. and Langston, P. A.},
	title = {Integration schemes and damping algorithms in distinct element models},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653055},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fraige, Langston - 2004 - Integration schemes and damping algorithms in distinct element models.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0287},
	comment = {doi:10.1098/rsta.1998.0287},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1998.0287},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {227-245+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fraige, Langston - 2004 - Integration schemes and damping algorithms in distinct element models.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 435
@article{johnson0000adhesion_2,

	author = {Johnson, K. L.},
	title = {Adhesion and friction between a smooth elastic spherical asperity and a plane surface},
	journal = {Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653054},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson - 1997 - Adhesion and friction between a smooth elastic spherical asperity and a plane surface.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1027/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1956},
	pages = {163-179+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson - 1997 - Adhesion and friction between a smooth elastic spherical asperity and a plane surface.pdf},
	volume = {453},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 436
@article{lakshman0000reply,

	author = {Lakshman Rao, V. and Venkateswarlu, D.},
	title = {Reply to comments on  ” Internal pressures in flowing granular materials from mass flow hoppers”},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We have studied conditions of strain localisation in clay in order to provide a better understanding of physical mechanisms. The influence of testing factors such as boundary conditions, sample dimensions, overconsolidation ratio has been examined. We have been able to determine the density inside the shear bands by means of local water content measurements and X-ray scanning. With the use of Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes we have made observations at the particle level which show a strong reorientation of the particles along the failure surfaces, as well as a significant breaking of the aggregates and of the particles themselves. These results indicate that large displacements with rotation took place in the localised zones.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653053},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lakshman Rao, Venkateswarlu - 1976 - Reply to comments on \^{a}€{\oe}Internal pressures in flowing granular materials from mass flow hoppers\^{a}€.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4829WX4-3V/2/2f9fe89297d54f567663e54a1d3fe5bf},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/0266-352X(94)90002-7
 | 
{Lakshman Rao}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {153-155+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lakshman Rao, Venkateswarlu - 1976 - Reply to comments on \^{a}€{\oe}Internal pressures in flowing granular materials from mass flow hoppers\^{a}€.pdf},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 437
@article{brilliantov0000collision_1,

	author = {Brilliantov, N. V. and Albers, N. and Spahn, F. and P\~{A}{\P}schel, T.},
	title = {Collision dynamics of granular particles with adhesion},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp; The Minimum Quadratic Difference (MQD) method is compared with methods conventionally used for the evaluation of PIV recordings, i.e. correlation-based evaluation with fixed interrogation windows (auto- or cross-correlation) and correlation-based tracking. The comparison is performed by studying the evaluation accuracy achieved when applying these methods to pairs of synthetic PIV recordings for which the true displacements are known. The influence of the magnitude of the particle image displacement, evaluation window size, density of particle image distribution, and particle image size on the accuracy are investigated. In all these cases the best results in terms of a statistical error are obtained with the MQD method. The superiority of the MQD method can be explained with its potential of accounting for non-uniformities in the particle image distribution and a non-uniform illumination. It is also shown that the conventional correlation-based methods may produce principal errors that are non-existent for the MQD method. The evaluation speed achievable for the MQD method by making use of the FFT is comparable to that common for the generally used auto- or cross-correlation algorithm. Finally, a quantitative explanation is given for the often observed phenomenon that PIV velocity results tend to be smaller than the true values.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653052},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brilliantov et al. - 2007 - Collision dynamics of granular particles with adhesion.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050005},
	comment = {10.1007/s003480050005},
	doi = {10.1007/s003480050005},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {36-44+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Brilliantov et al. - 2007 - Collision dynamics of granular particles with adhesion.pdf},
	volume = {76},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 438
@article{enstad0000theoretical,

	author = {Enstad, G. G.},
	title = {A Theoretical Investigation Of Electrostatic Mixing Of A Coarse And A Fine Powder},
	journal = {Journal of Electrostatics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Localisation of deformation in narrow shear bands is a fundamental phenomenon of granular material behaviour. When modelling granular materials, shear localisation has therefore to be considered. The model must include an adequate constitutive law with an intrinsic length determining the thickness of the localised shear zones, and a representation of microscopic inhomogeneities triggering shear localisation. In the framework of a Cosserat continuum the behaviour of non-cemented granular material can be described by a hypoplastic law including the evolution of non-symmetric stresses and couple stresses. Void ratio fluctuations are introduced by a physically justified probability density function. The assumption is that fluctuations are minimal in the densest state, and maximal in the critical state. It is shown that shear bands can evolve spontaneously in the interior of a granular body even under homogeneous stress or displacement boundary conditions. Experimental verifications are given. Numerical results are compared with laboratory tests performed with a Cornforth and a Hamblytype biaxial apparatus. Shear localisation in the experiment is visualised by means of an optical method called particle image velocimetry. Further numerical results are compared with experimental results taken from publications.},
	address = {Ed. Zu?blin AG, Stuttgart, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653051},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad - 1981 - A Theoretical Investigation Of Electrostatic Mixing Of A Coarse And A Fine Powder.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1942530712\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 29
Export Date: 4 February 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, deformation, dem, design-analysis, earth, friction, jps, limit, modelling, numerical, piv, powder, pressure, shear, state, strength},
	number = {3},
	pages = {183-188+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad - 1981 - A Theoretical Investigation Of Electrostatic Mixing Of A Coarse And A Fine Powder.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		earth,
		friction,
		jps,
		model,
		numeric,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		shear,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 439
@article{dong0000experimental,

	author = {Dong, H. and Moys, M. H.},
	title = {Experimental study of oblique impacts with initial spin},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653050},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2006 - Experimental study of oblique impacts with initial spin.pdf},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, angle, coefficient, collision, database, dem, image, impact, jps, of, piv, powder, processing, restitution, velocity, video},
	location = {Philadelphia},
	number = {1},
	pages = {22-31+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2006 - Experimental study of oblique impacts with initial spin.pdf},
	volume = {161},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		collision,
		dem,
		impact,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		restitution,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 440
@article{haiat0000adhesive,

	author = {Haiat, G. and {M.} and Barthel, E.},
	title = {The adhesive contact of viscoelastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We have formulated the restricted self-consistent model for the adhesive contact of linear viscoelastic spheres. This model is a generalization of both the Ting (J. Appl. Mech. 33 (1966) 845) approach to the viscoelastic contact of adhesionless spheres and the restricted self-consistent model for adhesive axisymmetric bodies. We also show how the model can be used in practice by giving a few examples of numerical solutions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653049},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Haiat, Phan Huy, Barthel - 2003 - The adhesive contact of viscoelastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVK-48WJP43-2/2/0da927f9b4f0e01993930b597d170055},
	comment = {Phan Huy},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, arrest, chain, contact, crack, database, dem, functions, granular, jps, material, materials, mechanics, photoelasticity, piv, powder, propagation, response, stress, viscoelastic},
	number = {1},
	pages = {69-99+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Haiat, Phan Huy, Barthel - 2003 - The adhesive contact of viscoelastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		chain,
		contact,
		crack,
		dem,
		granular,
		jps,
		material,
		material,
		mechanics,
		photoelasticity,
		piv,
		powder,
		propagation,
		response,
		stress,
		viscoelasticity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 441
@proceedings{ooi0000systematic_1,

	title = {Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M. and Pham, L.},
	booktitle = {Third International Conference on Bulk Materials, Storage, Handling and Transportation: Preprints of Papers},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653048},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Pham, Rotter - 1990 - Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e011302},
	comment = {Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {256-256+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institution of Engineers, Australia},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Pham, Rotter - 1990 - Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls.pdf},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 442
@article{kuipers0000granular,

	author = {Kuipers, J. A. M. and Hoomans, B. P. B. and {M., W.P.}},
	title = {Granular dynamics simulation of segregation phenomena in bubbling gas-fluidised beds},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653047},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuipers, Hoomans, Van Swaaij - 2000 - Granular dynamics simulation of segregation phenomena in bubbling gas-fluidised beds.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4CVV606-1/2/74c619b5531b37c81d6fa75b6ecd7001},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.051
 | 
{Van Swaaij}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, anisotropy, constitutive, database, dem, granular, jps, laws, media, micromechanics, micropolar, piv, powder},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {41-48+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuipers, Hoomans, Van Swaaij - 2000 - Granular dynamics simulation of segregation phenomena in bubbling gas-fluidised beds.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		anisotropy,
		dem,
		granular,
		jps,
		medium,
		micromechanics,
		micropolar,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 443
@proceedings{cleary0000effect,

	title = {The effect of particle shape on hopper discharge},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The discrete element method (DEM) is developed in this study as a general and robust technique for unified two-dimensional modelling of the mechanical behaviour of solid and particulate materials, including the transition from solid phase to particulate phase. Inter-element parameters (contact stiffnesses and failure criteria) are theoretically established as functions of element size and commonly accepted material parameters including Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture toughness. A main feature of such an approach is that it promises to provide convergence with refinement of a DEM discretization. Regarding contact failure, an energy criterion based on the material's ultimate tensile strength and fracture toughness is developed to limit the maximum contact forces and inter-element relative displacement. This paper also addresses the issue of numerical stability in DEM computations and provides a theoretical method for the determination of a stable time-step. The method developed herein is validated by modelling several test problems having analytic solutions and results show that indeed convergence is obtained. Moreover, a very good agreement with the theoretical results is obtained in both elastic behaviour and fracture. An example application of the method to high-speed penetration of a concrete beam is also given. Copyright ?2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A.},
	author = {Cleary, P. W.},
	booktitle = {Proc. Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, CSIRO Melbourne, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653046},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary - 1999 - The effect of particle shape on hopper discharge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1881},
	comment = {The effect of particle shape on hopper discharge},
	doi = {10.1002/nme.1881},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {December},
	pages = {6-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cleary - 1999 - The effect of particle shape on hopper discharge.pdf},
	volume = {70},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 444
@article{enstad0000theory,

	author = {Enstad, G. G.},
	title = {On the theory of arching in mass flow hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {AbstracbExperimental evidence reveals an overdesign of the critical outlet widths in mass flow hoppers, when following the standard Jenike method for the estimation. This would be expected, because Jenike did neither account for the possibility that an arch across the outlet may slide along the wall, nor for the fact that the arch, in addition to its own weight, will have to sustain the weight of the powder above. In the present analysis a modified theory is presented, where these two factors are included. Furthermore, this theory includes simplified, purely analytical expressions for the distribution of active and passive stresses in the powder in the converging hopper section of a silo. The theory yields considerably less overdesign of the critical arching width of the hopper outlet than does the original Jenike theory. The still remaining overdesign probably stems from using a straight-line extrapolation of the failure function in the region of the low stresses. In order to overcome this element of uncertainty, the true course of the failure function must be actually measured down to very low stresses. An alternative principle of measurement, probably making this possible, is presented. In addition to yielding critical arching widths across the hopper outlet, the present theory also provides a means of assessing the possibility of the formation of stable powder arches in the region of transition between the parallel and the converging part of the silo.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653045},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad - 1975 - On the theory of arching in mass flow hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57249116870\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=750f72d061ea693d42736762828a4315},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 9
Export Date: 3 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1273-1283+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad - 1975 - On the theory of arching in mass flow hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 445
@article{chung0000influence_1,

	author = {Chung, Y. C. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Influence of Discrete Element Model Parameters on Bulk Behavior of a Granular Solid under Confined Compression},
	journal = {Particulate Science and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A hybrid particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry (PIV/PTV) method is described for direct measurement of large-strain deformation fields using plane-strain machining as the model system. PIV/PTV is shown to accurately measure displacements and velocities with a spatial resolution of \~{}1/10th of a pixel, which is an order of magnitude improvement over a comparable PIV-based method. For the configuration studied here, this translates to about \~{}400 nm in terms of displacement and \~{}80 碌m s 鈭? in terms of velocity. Furthermore, the method is shown to be able to capture steep gradients in velocity, which are typical of deformation zones in machining. This enables accurate estimation of associated strain rates. Implications of the technique for measuring large-strain fields in deformation processes and indentation tests, and velocity gradients due to friction at sliding interfaces, are briefly discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653044},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2008 - Influence of Discrete Element Model Parameters on Bulk Behavior of a Granular Solid under Confined Compression.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://stacks.iop.org/0957-0233/20/i=9/a=095710},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {83-96+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi - 2008 - Influence of Discrete Element Model Parameters on Bulk Behavior of a Granular Solid under Confined Compression.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 446
@article{mason0000liquid,

	author = {Mason, G. and Clark, W. C.},
	title = {Liquid bridges between spheres},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653043},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mason, Clark - 1965 - Liquid bridges between spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02644400410519839},
	comment = {doi:10.1108/02644400410519839},
	doi = {10.1108/02644400410519839},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {859-866+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mason, Clark - 1965 - Liquid bridges between spheres.pdf},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 447
@proceedings{cundall0000numerical_1,

	title = {Numerical experiments on granular assemblies; measurements and observations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The distinct element method is a numerical model capable of describing the mechanical behavior of assemblies of discs and spheres. The method is based on the use of an explicit numerical scheme in which the interaction of the particles monitored contact by contact and the motion of the particles modelled particle by particle. The main features of the distinct element method are described. The method is validated by comparing force vector plots obtained from the computer program BALL with the corresponding plots obtained from a photoelastic analysis.},
	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Drescher, A. and Strack, O. D. L.},
	booktitle = {IUTAM Conference on Deformation and failure of granular materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653042},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cundall, Drescher, Strack - 1982 - Numerical experiments on granular assemblies measurements and observations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0018441375\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 1265
Export Date: 19 March 2007
Source: Scopus
 | 
Numerical experiments on granular assemblies; measurements and observations},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {355-370+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cundall, Drescher, Strack - 1982 - Numerical experiments on granular assemblies measurements and observations.pdf},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 448
@proceedings{ding0000measurement,

	title = {Measurement of a double-cone's effect on the load of a full-scale silo},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Simple shear flows, (without gravity force and implemented using periodic boundary conditions or in Couette flow configurations with gravity) have been the subject of study using DEM simulation for more than two decades. Earlier studies explored the effect of attributes such as shear rate, particle size and domain scale on the distribution of the particles in the flow, velocity profiles and the stress distributions. These studies were conducted using simple shapes for the particles such as spheres. In recent years, the importance of particle shape on flow has been recognized in a range of industrial application including mixing, comminution, hopper discharge and chute flows. In this paper, we return to the simple shear flows and quantitatively explore the effect of particle shape on velocity, volume fraction, granular temperature and stress distributions across the channel. Particle shape is found to sharply increase the strength of the material making it stronger and harder to shear. The generation of particle spin throughout the flow of non-circular particles leads to high granular temperatures, dilative pressures and lower solid fractions in the core of the flow. For aspect ratios between 0.6 and 0.5, a transition in the effective behaviour of the wall boundary conditions is identified. The connections of shape to spin, to granular temperature, to bulk flow changes are elaborated.},
	author = {Ding, S. and Enstad, G. G. and {O., F.}},
	booktitle = {PARTEC 2004 - International Conference for Particle Technology},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653041},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ding, Enstad, Von Hafenbradl - 2004 - Measurement of a double-cone's effect on the load of a full-scale silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4P2YWSF-4/2/67df94d00dd1e92b8806229b2398b389},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.06.018
 | 
{Von Hafenbradl}
 | 
Measurement of a double-cone's effect on the load of a full-scale silo},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cell, couette, database, dem, discharging, filling, granular, insert, ioads, jps, measurement, piv, powder, shape, shear, silo, super-quadric, temperature},
	location = {Nuremberg, Germany},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1-5+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ding, Enstad, Von Hafenbradl - 2004 - Measurement of a double-cone's effect on the load of a full-scale silo.pdf},
	volume = {179},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cell,
		couette,
		dem,
		discharge,
		filling,
		granular,
		insert,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		shape,
		shear,
		silo,
		temperature,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 449
@article{larsson0000kinematic,

	author = {Larsson, S. H.},
	title = {Kinematic wall friction properties of reed canary grass powder at high and low normal stresses},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653040},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Larsson - 2010 - Kinematic wall friction properties of reed canary grass powder at high and low normal stresses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/p4441},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.57.4441},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arundinacea, coefficient, database, dem, friction, jps, phalaris, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {108-113+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Larsson - 2010 - Kinematic wall friction properties of reed canary grass powder at high and low normal stresses.pdf},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		friction,
		jps,
		phalaris,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 450
@article{samadani0000shocks,

	author = {Samadani, A. and Mahadevan, L. and Kudrolli, A.},
	title = {Shocks in sand flowing in a silo},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653039},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Samadani, Mahadevan, Kudrolli - 2002 - Shocks in sand flowing in a silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JJD-4TY91CT-4/2/a1c1fedcde16b3d590de62d129724740},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2008.07.017},
	old_keywords = {aarons, assembly, compression, confined, database, dem, discharge, discrete, effect, element, extraterrestrial, gravity, jps, method, particulate, penetration, piv, powder, rod, silo},
	number = {6},
	pages = {293-301+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Samadani, Mahadevan, Kudrolli - 2002 - Shocks in sand flowing in a silo.pdf},
	volume = {452},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discharge,
		discrete,
		extraterrestrial,
		gravity,
		jps,
		particle,
		penetration,
		piv,
		powder,
		rod,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 451
@article{cho0000particle_1,

	author = {Cho, G. C. and Dodds, J. and Santamarina, J. C.},
	title = {Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: Natural and crushed sands},
	journal = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Laboratory direct shear tests were carried out on a brittle synthetic rock at various normal loads. The observed fracture patterns changes as the normal load increased. A discrete element code was used to simulate the direct shear tests. The simulation results clearly showed that cracks that developed during the test were predominantly tension cracks. These cracks started to grow from the upper edge of the shear box due to the highly non-uniform stress distribution along the shear plane. The fracture development observed in discrete element simulation models showed that inclined fractures developed parallel to the maximum principal stress direction. En echelon type extensile fractures were also generated and assemblies of theses fractures formed shear bands similar to the process observed in conventional triaxial test using brittle rocks. The discrete element simulations showed that the macro-scale shear band in the direct shear tests resulted from progressive failure of tension-induced micro-cracks. 漏 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	address = {Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Markin/CNRL Natural, Resources Engineering Facility, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653038},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cho, Dodds, Santamarina - 2006 - Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength Natural and crushed sands.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-55749097373\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Export Date: 27 November 2008
Source: Scopus
References: Riedel, W., Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen (1929) Centralbl f Mineral Geol u pal, 1929 B, pp. 354-368; Cloos, E., Experimental analysis of fracture patterns (1955) Bull Geol Soc Am, 66, pp. 241-256; Skempton AW. Some observations on tectonic shear zones. In: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on rock mechanics, vol. 1, Lisbon; 1967. p. 329-35Tchalenko, J.S., Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes (1970) Geol Soc Am Bull, 81, pp. 1625-1640; Ahlgren, S.G., The nucleation and evolution of Riedel shear zones as deformation bands in porous sandstone (2001) J Struct Geol, 23, pp. 1203-1214; Ortlepp, W.D., Observation of mining-induced faults in an intact rock mass at depth (2000) Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 37, pp. 423-436; Morgenstern NR, Tchalenko JS. Microstructural observations on shear zones from slips in natural clays. In: Proceedings of the Geotech conference on shear strength of natural soils and rocks, vol. 1. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute: Oslo; 1967. p. 147-52Diederichs, M.S., Stress induced accumulation and implications for hard rock engineering (2002) Proc NARMS 2002, pp. 3-14. , Hammah R., Bawden W.F., Curran J., and Telesnicki M. (Eds), University Toronto Press; Lajtai, E.Z., Microscopic fracture process in a granite (1998) Rock Mech Rock Eng, 31, pp. 237-250; Stacey, T.R., A simple extension strain criterion for fracture of brittle rock (1981) Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 18, pp. 469-474; Nye, J.F., The mechanics of glacier flow (1952) J Glaciol, 12, pp. 82-93; Lajtai, E.Z., Strength of discontinuous rocks in direct shear (1969) Geotechnique, 19, pp. 218-233; Kutter HK. Stress distribution in direct shear test samples. In: Proceedings of the ISRM Symposium, vol. 1; 1971. Paper II6-1-II6-12Vallejo LE. Development of a shear zone structure in stiff clays. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on numerical methods of geomechanics, Z Eisenstein; 1982. p. 255-62Cresswell, A.W., Barton, M.E., Direct shear tests on an uncemented, and a very slightly cemented, locked sand (2003) Q J Eng Geol Hydrogeol, 36, pp. 119-132; Cho N. Discrete element modeling of rock: pre-peak fracturing and dilation. PhD thesis, University of Alberta; 2008Cho, N., Martin, C.D., Sego, D.C., A clumped particle model for rock (2007) Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 44, pp. 997-1010; Potyondy, D.O., Cundall, P.A., A bonded-particle model for rock (2004) Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 41, pp. 1329-1364; Cundall, P.A., A discontinuous future for numerical modelling in geomechanics (2000) Geotech Eng, 149, pp. 41-47; Diederichs MS. Instability of hard rock masses: the role of tensile damage and relaxation. PhD thesis, University of Waterloo; 2000Cundall PA. A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems. In: Proceedings of the ISRM Symposium, vol. 1; 1971. Paper II-8Itasca Consulting Group. PFC2D (particle flow code in 2 dimensions) version 3.1; 2004Hazzard, J.F., Young, R.P., Simulating acoustic emissions in bonded-particle models of rock (2000) Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 37, pp. 867-872; Allersma HGB. Optical analysis of stress and strain in shear zones. International conference on powders and grains 2005, Stuttgart. p. 187-91Bartlett, W.L., Friedman, M., Logan, J.M., Experimental folding and faulting of rocks under confinfing pressure. Part IX. Wrench faults in limestone layers (1981) Tectonophysics, 79, pp. 255-277},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, code, cracks, database, dem, direct, discrete, element, jps, piv, powder, shear, tensile},
	number = {8},
	pages = {6-6+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cho, Dodds, Santamarina - 2006 - Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength Natural and crushed sands.pdf},
	volume = {132},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		crack,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		tensile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 452
@article{cox0000perturbation,

	author = {Cox, G. M. and McCue, S. W. and Thamwattana, N. and Hill, J. M.},
	title = {Perturbation solutions for flow through symmetrical hoppers with inserts and asymmetrical wedge hoppers},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mathematics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653037},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cox et al. - 2005 - Perturbation solutions for flow through symmetrical hoppers with inserts and asymmetrical wedge hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242657361\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=cf356be87abd0503099952bbc1f607a6},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 53
Export Date: 14 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, asymmetric, condition, coulomb-mohr, database, dem, granular, hopper, hoppers, inserts, jps, ow, perturbation, piv, powder, yield},
	number = {1},
	pages = {63-91+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cox et al. - 2005 - Perturbation solutions for flow through symmetrical hoppers with inserts and asymmetrical wedge hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		coulomb,mohr,
		dem,
		granular,
		hopper,
		hopper,
		insert,
		jps,
		perturbation,
		piv,
		powder,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 453
@article{ciavarella0000assessment,

	author = {Ciavarella, M. and Leoci, F.},
	title = {An Assessment of the Greenwood-Williamson and Other Asperities Models, With Special Reference to Electrical Conductance},
	journal = {Journal of Tribology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Analysis based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) is presented for estimating bearing capacity of foundations. Soil mass in the present model is treated as comprising of blocks which are connected by elasto-plastic Winkler-springs. By considering the conditions of compatibility, the boundary stresses on the failure surface and the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations can be obtained. The computed boundary stresses from the present method satisfy equilibrium conditions and do not exceed the material strength. Formulation of the method is presented. Examples are shown to demonstrate the applicability of the method to the analysis of bearing capacity of shallow foundations. Effects of stiffness of Winkler-springs and mesh pattern on the computed results are investigated. The present method is shown to be a useful tool for analyzing bearing capacity of foundations with unusual geometry and loading conditions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653036},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ciavarella, Leoci - 2006 - An Assessment of the Greenwood-Williamson and Other Asperities Models, With Special Reference to Electrical Conductance.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4829X4F-74/2/046842ee5f7052ff2c213558722b6b5e},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/0266-352X(91)90026-C},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {10-10+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ciavarella, Leoci - 2006 - An Assessment of the Greenwood-Williamson and Other Asperities Models, With Special Reference to Electrical Conductance.pdf},
	volume = {128},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 454
@phdthesis{chung0000discrete,

	author = {Chung, Y. C.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling and experimental validation of a granular solid subject to different loading conditions},
	school = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653035},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung - 2006 - Discrete element modelling and experimental validation of a granular solid subject to different loading conditions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0285},
	comment = {doi:10.1098/rsta.1998.0285
 | 
Discrete element modelling and experimental validation of a granular solid subject to different loading conditions},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1998.0285},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {342-342+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung - 2006 - Discrete element modelling and experimental validation of a granular solid subject to different loading conditions.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 455
@article{cappella0000forcedistance,

	author = {Cappella, B.},
	title = {Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy},
	journal = {Surface Science Reports},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A simple elasto-optical method has been used to measure the normal force distribution under three-dimensional conical piles, for a range of granular materials. The method is based on the measurement of contact diameters of a monolayer of steel balls between the pile and an elastomeric substrate. Experiments on sandpiles confirm the existence of counterintuitive dips in the pressure at the centre of the pile, as reported previously in the literature; the dips were also found in piles of small (ca. 180 ^tm diameter) glass beads. They were suppressed, however, on increasing the glass bead diameter by a factor of ca. 3. Variations in surface roughness were found to have little effect on the pressure profiles. The probability density function for the normal contact force was approximately negative exponential in form. ?Les E?ditions de Physique 1997.},
	address = {Loughborough University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653034},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cappella - 1999 - Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031244842\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 54
Export Date: 17 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {1-104+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Cappella - 1999 - Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	volume = {34},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 456
@article{kremmer0000method_1,

	author = {Kremmer, M. and Favier, J. F.},
	title = {A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling-part II: Kinematics},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653033},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2001 - A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling-part II Kinematics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v68/e042301},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.68.042301},
	old_keywords = {aarons, boundary, database, dem, discrete, element, fem, finite, jps, kinematics, method, piv, powder, wall},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1423-1436+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2001 - A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling-part II Kinematics.pdf},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		dem,
		discrete,
		fem,
		jps,
		kinematics,
		piv,
		powder,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 457
@article{scholtes0000micromechanics,

	author = {Scholt\`{e}s, L. and Chareyre, B. and Nicot, F. and Darve, F.},
	title = {Micromechanics of granular materials with capillary effects},
	journal = {International Journal of Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653032},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Scholt\~{A}¨s et al. - 2009 - Micromechanics of granular materials with capillary effects.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36149068508\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 134
Export Date: 24 June 2009
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: 301},
	old_keywords = {aarons, capillary, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, jps, media, method, micromechanics, piv, powder, shear, strength, unsaturated},
	number = {1},
	pages = {64-75+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Scholt\~{A}¨s et al. - 2009 - Micromechanics of granular materials with capillary effects.pdf},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jps,
		medium,
		micromechanics,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		unsaturated,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 458
@article{janssen0000visualization,

	author = {Janssen, R. J. M. and Scarlett, B. and Kraan, W. H. and Dijk, N. H. V. and Rekveldt, M. T.},
	title = {Visualization of the shear region in a cohesive powder by scanning with a polarized neutron beam},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653031},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Janssen et al. - 2005 - Visualization of the shear region in a cohesive powder by scanning with a polarized neutron beam.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/9/509/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cohesion, database, dem, depolarization, flow, granular, jps, neutron, particle, piv, plane, powder, rotation, shear},
	number = {2},
	pages = {87-94+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Janssen et al. - 2005 - Visualization of the shear region in a cohesive powder by scanning with a polarized neutron beam.pdf},
	volume = {159},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jps,
		neutron,
		particle,
		piv,
		plane,
		powder,
		rotation,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 459
@article{charrault0000experimental,

	author = {Charrault, E. and Gauthier, C. and Marie, P. and Schirrer, R.},
	title = {Experimental and theoretical analysis of a dynamic JKR contact},
	journal = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Analysis of the adhesive contact between solids makes use of contact mechanics, surface physics, and fracture mechanics. The elastic adhesive contacts have been intensively studied, and now, interest still remains about how the viscoelasticity of the solids may be taken into account for the calculation of the work of adhesion, the major difficulty being to separate the surface and bulk energy dissipations. This paper describes a new and original experimental device for "dynamic JKR" tests, which allows us to study dynamic adhesive contacts under a cyclic normal load. PDMS contacts on PDMS were studied at different frequencies and temperatures, and it was possible using the JKR model to determine the hysteretic value of the work of adhesion. The results obtained follow the same evolution as the loss factor of the material.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653030},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Charrault et al. - 2009 - Experimental and theoretical analysis of a dynamic JKR contact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?AMJ/71/493/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, granular, jps, kinematics, materials, mechanical, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {5847-54+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Charrault et al. - 2009 - Experimental and theoretical analysis of a dynamic JKR contact.pdf},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		granular,
		jps,
		kinematics,
		material,
		mechanics,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 460
@article{grantham0000measurement,

	author = {Grantham, S. and Forsberg, F.},
	title = {Measurement of granular flow in a silo using Digital Speckle Radiography},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653029},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grantham, Forsberg - 2004 - Measurement of granular flow in a silo using Digital Speckle Radiography.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2005-10002-2},
	comment = {10.1140/epje/i2005-10002-2},
	doi = {10.1140/epje/i2005-10002-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, correlation, database, dem, displacement, image, jps, measurements, piv, powder, radiography, silo},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {56-65+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grantham, Forsberg - 2004 - Measurement of granular flow in a silo using Digital Speckle Radiography.pdf},
	volume = {146},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		displacement,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		radiography,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 461
@article{chen0000general,

	author = {Chen, S. and Wang, T.},
	title = {General solution to two-dimensional nonslipping JKR model with a pulling force in an arbitrary direction},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, a generalized JKR model is investigated, in which an elastic cylinder adhesively contacts with an elastic half space and the contact region is assumed to be perfect bonding. An external pulling force is acted on the cylinder in an arbitrary direction. The contact area changes during the pull-off process, which can be predicted using the dynamic Griffith energy balance criterion as the contact edge shifts. Full coupled solution with an oscillatory singularity is obtained and analyzed by numerical calculations. The effect of Dundurs' parameter on the pull-off process is analyzed, which shows that a nonoscillatory solution can approximate the general one under some conditions, i.e., larger pulling angle (pi/2 is the maximum value), smaller a/R or larger nondimensional parameter value of Deltagamma/E*R. Relations among the contact half width, the external pulling force and the pulling angle are used to determine the pull-off force and pull-off contact half width explicitly. All the results in the present paper as basic solutions are helpful and applicable for experimenters and engineers.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653028},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Wang - 2006 - General solution to two-dimensional nonslipping JKR model with a pulling force in an arbitrary direction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TC6-4JVSWGD-1/2/3062571bb2c613af5821a10a1fef9a2a},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.006},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, biological, cell, database, dem, discrete, element, in, inverse, jps, mathematics, mechanical, method, models, optimization, parameters, piv, powder, properties, situ, soil, solution, stress, surface, tests},
	number = {1},
	pages = {363-9+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Wang - 2006 - General solution to two-dimensional nonslipping JKR model with a pulling force in an arbitrary direction.pdf},
	volume = {302},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		biology,
		cell,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jps,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		optimization,
		piv,
		powder,
		soil,
		stress,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 462
@article{muite0000silo,

	author = {Muite, B. and Quinn, S. and Sundaresan, S. and Rao, K.},
	title = {Silo music and silo quake: granular flow-induced vibration},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Acceleration and sound measurements during granular discharge from silos are used to show that silo music is a sound resonance produced by silo quake. In tall and narrow silos, the latter is produced by stick\^{a}€ ” slip friction between the wall and the granular material. For the discharge rates studied, the occurrence of flow pulsations is determined primarily by the surface properties of the granular material and the silo wall. The measurements show that the pulsating motion of the granular material drives the oscillatory motion of the silo.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653027},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Muite et al. - 2004 - Silo music and silo quake granular flow-induced vibration.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/126/495/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, creep, database, dem, discharge, flow, granular, jps, music, piv, powder, quake, resonance, silo, slip, stick},
	number = {3},
	pages = {190-202+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Muite et al. - 2004 - Silo music and silo quake granular flow-induced vibration.pdf},
	volume = {145},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		creep,
		dem,
		discharge,
		flow,
		granular,
		jps,
		music,
		piv,
		powder,
		quake,
		resonance,
		silo,
		slip,
		stick,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 463
@proceedings{ooi0000measured,

	title = {Measured pressures in full scale silos: a new understanding},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	booktitle = {Bulk 2000 : Bulk Materials Handling - towards the year 2000 : international conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653026},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1991 - Measured pressures in full scale silos a new understanding.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v82/p205},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.205
 | 
Measured pressures in full scale silos: a new understanding},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	location = {London},
	number = {1},
	pages = {29-31+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1991 - Measured pressures in full scale silos a new understanding.pdf},
	volume = {82},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 464
@article{bohrnsen0000silo_2,

	author = {Bohrnsen, J. U. and Antes, H. and Ostendorf, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Silo Discharge: Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Bulk Solids},
	journal = {infam.tu-braunschweig.de},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8653025},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bohrnsen et al. - 2004 - Silo Discharge Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Bulk Solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WXV-4WSG2V8-2/2/b9da312c48b1dd12a4f4ba3f1978a2f8},
	comment = {doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.022},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {71-76+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bohrnsen et al. - 2004 - Silo Discharge Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Bulk Solids.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 465
@article{bardenhagen0000dynamic,

	author = {Bardenhagen, S. G. and Brackbill, J. U.},
	title = {Dynamic stress bridging in granular material},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The mechanical response of cohesionless granular materials under monotonic loading is studied by performing molecular dynamic simulations. The diversity of shapes of soil grains is modelled by using randomly generated convex polygons as granular particles. Results of the biaxial test obtained for dense and loose media show that samples achieve the same voidratio at large strains independent of their initial density state. This limit state resembles the so-called critical state of soil mechanics, except for some stress fluctuations, which remain for large deformations. These fluctuations are studied at the micro-mechanical level, by following the evolution of the co-ordination number, force chains and the fraction of the sliding contacts of the sample. Copyright ?2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Institute for Computational Physics, Pfaffenwaldring 27, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Universidad de los Andes, Bogot?D.C., Colombia; Earth Systems Science Computational Centre, The University of Queensland, Sta. Lucia, Qld., Australia; Institut f黵 Baustoffe, ETH-H鰁nggerberg, Z黵ich, Switzerland},
	citeulike-article-id = {8653024},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardenhagen, Brackbill - 1998 - Dynamic stress bridging in granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.618},
	comment = {10.1002/nag.618},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.618},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jps, piv, powder},
	number = {11},
	pages = {5732-5732+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:51:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardenhagen, Brackbill - 1998 - Dynamic stress bridging in granular material.pdf},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jps,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 466
@article{ooi0000measurement_1,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Chen, J. F. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Measurement of solids flow patterns in a gypsum silo},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652976},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00124-7},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3V7RJFP-9/2/59eec9fb16f03a7965bbc2101fef4cc0},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00124-7},
	issn = {0032-5910},
	old_keywords = {experimental, validation},
	number = {3},
	pages = {272--284},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:29:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3V7RJFP-9/2/59eec9fb16f03a7965bbc2101fef4cc0},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		validation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 467
@article{chen0000flow_1,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Rotter, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Zhong, Z.},
	title = {Flow pattern measurement in a full scale silo containing iron ore},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652925},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.045},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4FR3NNN-4/2/ec88d34203fafc52564a10e32ff94dfb},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.045},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {dem, flow, granular, hoppers, materials, particulate, patterns, processing, residence, silos, simulation, solids, times, visualisation},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3029--3041},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:18:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4FR3NNN-4/2/ec88d34203fafc52564a10e32ff94dfb},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		hopper,
		material,
		particle,
		pattern,
		residence,
		silo,
		solid,
		time,
		visualization,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 468
@article{kheiripour0000transmission_1,

	author = {Kheiripour Langroudi, M. and Sun, J. and Sundaresan, S. and Tardos, G. I.},
	title = {Transmission of stresses in static and sheared granular beds: The influence of particle size, shearing rate, layer thickness and sensor size},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Selected Papers from the 2009 NETL Multiphase Flow Workshop},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652917},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.028},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4YRXD5G-3/2/2482c47a2c29243bf77eda87c5a592ed},
	doi = {10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.028},
	issn = {0032-5910},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	number = {1},
	pages = {23--32},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 17:16:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4YRXD5G-3/2/2482c47a2c29243bf77eda87c5a592ed},
	volume = {203},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 469
@article{sun0000hybrid_1,

	author = {Sun, Jin and Battaglia, Francine and Subramaniam, Shankar},
	title = {Hybrid Two-Fluid DEM Simulation of Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds},
	journal = {Journal of Fluids Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652884},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JFG/129/1394/1},
	old_keywords = {analysis, bed, dem, element, finite, flow, fluidised, simulation, two-phase},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1394--1403},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:54:10},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ASME},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JFG/129/1394/1},
	volume = {129},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		dem,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		twophase,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 470
@article{hartl0000experiments_1,

	author = {H\"{a}rtl, Johannes and Ooi, Jin},
	title = {Experiments and simulations of direct shear tests: porosity, contact friction and bulk friction},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652833},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	issn = {1434-5021},
	old_keywords = {astronomy, dem, physics, simulation},
	number = {4},
	pages = {263-271--271},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:32:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		astrophysics,
		dem,
		physics,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 471
@article{chung2008influence,

	author = {Chung, Y. C. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Influence of Discrete Element Model Parameters on Bulk Behavior of a Granular Solid under Confined Compression},
	journal = {Particulate Science and Technology: An International Journal},
	year = {2008},

	abstract = {Recent decades have witnessed considerable research effort in the development and application of the discrete element method (DEM) for modeling granular materials. One key aspect that appears to have not been addressed adequately is the choice or determination of the DEM model parameters to produce satisfactory quantitative predictions. In many DEM studies, the input parameters were often not measured and the values were sometimes assumed without any proper justification. This article describes a careful validation study in which DEM was used to model confined compression of spherical (glass beads) and nonspherical (corn grains) particles. The key properties of the particles were independently measured. The experimental data on the bulk compressibility and the corresponding load transfer to the cylindrical wall and the bottom platen provide quantitative information for direct comparison with the DEM results. Initial particle packing structure is expected to influence the bulk behavior of the assembly, so several methods of particle generation were used to investigate the sensitivity of particle generation in DEM. An investigation of the influence of interparticle friction and particle stiffness in DEM simulations provided an insight into the bulk response of the granular assemblies under confined compression. Comparison between the simulations and the experiments revealed several useful observations, including the roles of these model parameters in the predicted bulk responses.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652826},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726350701759381},
	doi = {10.1080/02726350701759381},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	number = {1},
	pages = {83--96},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:29:32},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726350701759381},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		dem,
	},

}

ref_id = 472
@article{chung2008study,

	author = {Chung, Yun-Chi and Ooi, Jin Y.},
	title = {A study of influence of gravity on bulk behaviour of particulate solid},
	journal = {Particuology},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652823},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2008.07.017},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JJD-4TY91CT-4/2/a1c1fedcde16b3d590de62d129724740},
	comment = {Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems},
	doi = {10.1016/j.partic.2008.07.017},
	old_keywords = {dem, extraterrestrial, simulation},
	number = {6},
	pages = {467--474},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:26:00},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JJD-4TY91CT-4/2/a1c1fedcde16b3d590de62d129724740},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		extraterrestrial,
	},

}

ref_id = 473
@article{hong2008numerical,

	author = {Hong, T. and Ooi, J. Y. and Shaw, B.},
	title = {A numerical simulation to relate the shot peening parameters to the induced residual stresses},
	journal = {Engineering Failure Analysis},
	year = {2008},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652820},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.11.017},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2X-4R9GH0D-2/2/3bc3c2519b220548620fde9852418b8f},
	doi = {10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.11.017},
	old_keywords = {dem, peening, shot, simulation},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1097--1110},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:23:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2X-4R9GH0D-2/2/3bc3c2519b220548620fde9852418b8f},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		peening,
		shot,
	},

}

ref_id = 474
@article{zhou2009numerical,

	author = {Zhou, Chong and Ooi, Jin Y.},
	title = {Numerical investigation of progressive development of granular pile with spherical and non-spherical particles},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {2009},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652817},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.017},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-4VD9WTB-8/2/4bfa4af947bfc0d732b164ee7a506812},
	comment = {Advances in the Dynamics of Granular Materials},
	doi = {10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.017},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	number = {6},
	pages = {707--714},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:21:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-4VD9WTB-8/2/4bfa4af947bfc0d732b164ee7a506812},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		dem,
	},

}

ref_id = 475
@article{ai2011assessment,

	author = {Ai, Jun and Chen, Jian-Fei and Rotter, J. Michael and Ooi, Jin Y.},
	title = {Assessment of rolling resistance models in discrete element simulations},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {2011},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652814},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.030},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-51491KT-4/2/7075a85c5c6e48fcd761643f8f8e53c1},
	doi = {10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.030},
	old_keywords = {dem, friction, rolling, simulation},
	number = {3},
	pages = {269--282},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:19:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-51491KT-4/2/7075a85c5c6e48fcd761643f8f8e53c1},
	volume = {206},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		friction,
		rolling,
	},

}

ref_id = 476
@article{gonzalezmontellano2010discrete,

	author = {Gonz\'{a}lez-Montellano, C. and Ayuga, F. and Ooi, J.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling of grain flow in a planar silo: influence of simulation parameters},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652800},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0204-9},
	comment = {10.1007/s10035-010-0204-9},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-010-0204-9},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	pages = {1--10},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:14:59},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0204-9},

	keywords = {
		dem,
	},

}

ref_id = 477
@incollection{chung2006confined,

	author = {Chung, Y. and Ooi, J.},
	title = {Confined Compression and Rod Penetration of a Dense Granular Medium: Discrete Element Modelling and Validation},
	booktitle = {Modern Trends in Geomechanics},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	year = {2006},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652791},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_14},
	comment = {10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_14},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_14},
	editor = {Wu, Wei and Yu, Hai-Sui},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	pages = {223--239},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:12:07},
	priority = {2},
	series = {Springer Proceedings Physics},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_14},
	volume = {106},

	keywords = {
		dem,
	},

}

ref_id = 478
@article{ai2010numerical,

	author = {Ai, J. and Chen, J. and Rotter, J. and Ooi, J.},
	title = {Numerical and experimental studies of the base pressures beneath stockpiles},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {2010},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652790},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0215-6},
	comment = {10.1007/s10035-010-0215-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-010-0215-6},
	old_keywords = {dem, simulation},
	pages = {1--9},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 16:10:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0215-6},

	keywords = {
		dem,
	},

}

ref_id = 479
@proceedings{zyryanov0000elastoviscoplastic,

	title = {Elasto-visco-plastic constitutive model of sea ice with strain rate dependent ice strength},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Zyryanov, D. and Korsnes, R.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652726},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Elasto-visco-plastic constitutive model of sea ice with strain rate dependent ice strength},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:43},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 480
@article{orband0000direct,

	author = {Orband, J.},
	title = {Direct measurement of powder cohesion using a torsional device},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A deformation measurement system based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) and close-range photogrammetry has been developed for use in geotechnical testing. In this paper, the theory underlying this system is described, and the performance is validated. Digital photography is used to capture images of planar soil deformation. Using PIV, the movement of a fine mesh of soil patches is measured to a high precision. Since PIV operates on the image texture, intrusive target markers need not be installed in the observed soil. The resulting displacement vectors are converted from image space to object space using a photogrammetric transformation. A series of validation experiments are reported. These demonstrate that the precision, accuracy and resolution of the system are an order of magnitude higher than previous image-based deformation methods, and are comparable to local instrumentation used in element testing. This performance is achieved concurrent with an order of magnitude increase in the number of measurement points that can be fitted in an image. The performance of the system is illustrated with two example applications.},
	address = {The Schofield Centre, Cambridge University Eng. Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652725},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Orband - 1997 - Direct measurement of powder cohesion using a torsional device.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242488954\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e051303},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 57
Export Date: 4 December 2008
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, caused, centrifuge, characteristic, cohesion, continually, d, database, deformation, dem, equipment, flow, flowability, granular, ground, i, in, industrial, jin, jps, laboratory, materials, model, modelling, movements, n, o, occur, of, oois, operation, piv, plant, poor, powder, powders, probability, problems, processing, r, statistical, t, testing, tests, the, u},
	number = {1},
	pages = {25-33+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:43},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Orband - 1997 - Direct measurement of powder cohesion using a torsional device.pdf},
	volume = {92},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		centrifuge,
		cohesion,
		deformation,
		dem,
		flow,
		flow,
		granular,
		ground,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		model,
		model,
		motion,
		oois,
		piv,
		plant,
		powder,
		powder,
		probability,
		statistics,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 481
@article{zubelewicz0000numerical,

	author = {Zubelewicz, A. and Mroz, Z.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of rockburst processes treated as problems of dynamic instability.},
	journal = {Rock Mech. And Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652724},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {253-274+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 482
@article{zietlow0000measurement,

	author = {Zietlow, W. K. and Labuz, J. F.},
	title = {Measurement of the intrinsic process zone in rock using acoustic emission},
	journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652723},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {291-299+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 483
@book{zienkiewicz0000finite,

	author = {Zienkiewicz, O. C. and Taylor, R. L.},
	title = {The Finite Elemertt Method; Basic Formulatiorl arld Linear Problems. 1},
	publisher = {4th edition. McGraw-Hill, London.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652722},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 484
@article{holst0000numerical_1,

	author = {Holst, J. M. F. G. and Rotter, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rong, G. H.},
	title = {Numerical modeling of silo filling. II: Discrete element analyses},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Laboratory experiments of granular shear deformation demonstrate that loading conditions and grain characteristics can significantly affect the macroscopic friction of a granular material under shear. We have examined the variation of maximum sliding friction with normal stress and grain shape using a version of the distinct element method (DEM) that includes bonds between adjacent particles. In this way, arbitrarily shaped grains can be generated to reproduce more realistic fault gouge with a range of grain sizes and shapes. Two types of grains were designed to represent quartz gouge: rounded grains composed of seven close-packed particles and triangular grains composed of six close-packed particles. DEM experiments were conducted by shearing granular assemblages with different grain shape distributions using the identical boundary configurations (i.e., wall surface roughness) over a range of normal stresses from 5 to 100 MPa and were compared to equivalent experiments using reference circular particle assemblages. The results show an inverse power law relationship between normal stress and maximum sliding friction in all cases, where both its coefficient and exponent are dependent on gouge angularity. Under normal stress over 20 MPa, triangular grain assemblages exhibited the highest frictional strength and also the highest abundance of rotating grains, demonstrating that enhanced grain rolling alone does not explain the low frictional strength of simulated granular assemblages.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652721},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holst et al. - 1999 - Numerical modeling of silo filling. II Discrete element analyses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003044},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0022-3727-37-10-013},
	doi = {10.1029/2004JB003044},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, dynamics, earthquake, element, faults, flow, fracture, fractures, friction, geology, geophysics, grain, granular, jin, jps, mathematical, mechanics, method, modeling, normal, of, oois, physical, piv, powder, properties, rocks, seismology, shape, shear, simulations, stress, structural},
	number = {January},
	pages = {104-104+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holst et al. - 1999 - Numerical modeling of silo filling. II Discrete element analyses.pdf},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		dynamics,
		earthquake,
		flow,
		fracture,
		fracture,
		friction,
		geology,
		geophysics,
		grain,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		normal,
		oois,
		physical,
		piv,
		powder,
		rock,
		seismology,
		shape,
		shear,
		stress,
		structure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 485
@article{zhu0000weighting,

	author = {Zhu, H. P. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Weighting ftinction in the averaging theory of granular materials.},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652720},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {53-57+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 486
@proceedings{zhu0000stress,

	title = {Stress distribution of hopper flow.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Zhu, H. P. and Yu, A. B.},
	booktitle = {7th Int. Conf. on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652719},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Stress distribution of hopper flow.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Newcastle, Australia, 283-290.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 487
@article{zhou0000numerical_1,

	author = {Zhou, Y. C. and Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B. and Zulli, P.},
	title = {A numerical and experimental study of the angle of repose of granular particles.},
	journal = {Powder Technol},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652718},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {45-54+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 488
@article{favier0000shape,

	author = {Favier, J. F. and Abbaspour-Fard, M. H. and Kremmer, M. and Raji, A. O.},
	title = {Shape representation of axi-symmetrical, non-spherical particles in discrete element simulation using multi-element model particles},
	journal = {Engineering Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of the angle of repose of mono-sized coarse spheres, a most important macroscopic parameter in characterising granular materials. Numerical experiments are conducted by means of a modified discrete element method. Emphasis is given to the effects of variables related to factors such as particle characteristics, material properties and geometrical constraints. The results show that under the present simulation conditions, the angle of repose is significantly affected by the sliding and rolling frictions, particle size and container thickness, and is not sensitive to density, Poisson's ratio, damping coefficient and Young's modulus. Increasing rolling or sliding friction coefficient increases the angle of repose, while increasing particle size or container thickness decreases the angle of repose. Based on the numerical results, empirical equations are formulated for engineering application. The proposed simulation technique and equations are validated by comparing the physical and numerical experiments, where focus is given to the effects of particle size and container thickness.},
	address = {Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy; Universit?J. Fourier, Grenoble, Laboratoire 3S-IMG, B.P.53, 38041 Grenoble, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652717},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Favier et al. - 1999 - Shape representation of axi-symmetrical, non-spherical particles in discrete element simulation using multi-element model particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199704)2:2\%3C121::AID-CFM27\%3E3.0.CO;2-2},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-44V1XBY-2/2/ac2922c54bb838152d3c6676390cbea9},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199704)2:2<121::AID-CFM27>3.0.CO;2-2},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(199704)2:2\%3C121::AID-CFM27\%3E3.0.CO;2-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arbitrary, axi-symmetrical, centres, comprising, database, de, dem, discrete, each, element, fixed, in, jin, jps, major, method, model, new, non-spherical, of, oois, other, overlapping, particles, piv, position, powder, relative, representing, simulation, size, smooth-surfaced, spheres, the, to, using, whose},
	number = {4},
	pages = {467-480+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Favier et al. - 1999 - Shape representation of axi-symmetrical, non-spherical particles in discrete element simulation using multi-element model particles.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		nonspheric,
		oois,
		overlapping,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		smoothness,surface,
		sphere,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 489
@article{zhou0000numerical_2,

	author = {Zhou, Y. C. and Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B. and Zulli, P.},
	title = {Numerical study of sandpile formation and force evolution. Powders and Grains},
	journal = {Powders and Grains},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652716},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {495-498+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 490
@article{zhou0000rolling_1,

	author = {Zhou, Y. C. and Wright, W. D. and Yang, R. Y. and Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation},
	journal = {Physica A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652715},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {536-553+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {269},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 491
@article{zhou0000rolling_2,

	author = {Zhou, Y. C. and Wright, B. D. and Yang, R. Y. and Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652714},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3X4W950-13/2/60c202988755b4969feb6be5c32203b1},
	old_keywords = {compaction, database, dynamics, flow, granular, jin, kinematics, mixing, of, oois, particle, particles, sandpiles, segregation, static, stratification, system, systems},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {536+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3X4W950-13/2/60c202988755b4969feb6be5c32203b1},
	volume = {269},

	keywords = {
		compaction,
		dynamics,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		kinematics,
		mixing,
		oois,
		particle,
		particle,
		sand,pile,
		segregation,
		static,
		stratification,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 492
@article{zhou0000simulating,

	author = {Zhou, J. and Liao, X. H. and Chi, Y. and Xu, J. P.},
	title = {Simulating plane strain test of soils by particle flow code},
	journal = {Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652713},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {clay, curve, database, flow, jin, oois, particle, plan, sand, strain, stress-strain, test, theory},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1044+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		clay,
		flow,
		jin,
		oois,
		particle,
		plane,
		sand,
		strain,
		stress,strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 493
@article{zhou0000method,

	author = {Zhou, J. and Chi, Y. and Chi and Xu},
	title = {Method of particle flow and PFC2D Code},
	journal = {Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652712},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {271+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 494
@article{zhong0000contact,

	author = {Zhong, Z. H. and Nilsson, L.},
	title = {A contact searching algorithm for general 3D contact-impact problems.},
	journal = {Comp. Struct.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652711},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {327-335+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {34},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 495
@article{askegaard0000results,

	author = {Askegaard, V. and Munch-Andersen, J.},
	title = {Results from tests with normal and shear stress cells in a medium, scale model silo},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp; Compared to other fields of engineering, in mechanical engineering, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is not yet a well known method. Nevertheless, there is a variety of simulation problems where the method has obvious advantages due to its meshless nature. For problems where several free bodies can collide and break after having been largely deformed, the DEM is the method of choice. Neighborhood search and collision detection between bodies as well as the separation of large solids into smaller particles are naturally incorporated in the method. The main DEM algorithm consists of a relatively simple loop that basically contains the three substeps contact detection, force computation and integration. However, there exists a large variety of different algorithms to choose the substeps to compose the optimal method for a given problem. In this contribution, we describe the dynamics of particle systems together with appropriate numerical integration schemes and give an overview over different types of particle interactions that can be composed to adapt the method to fit to a given simulation problem. Surface triangulations are used to model complicated, non-convex bodies in contact with particle systems. The capabilities of the method are finally demonstrated by means of application examples.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652710},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard, Munch-Andersen - 1985 - Results from tests with normal and shear stress cells in a medium, scale model silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-007-9066-2},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-42SGGX2-2/2/f7d7e64bff5c3e86c109162a63485324},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s11044-007-9066-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s11044-007-9066-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {151-157+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard, Munch-Andersen - 1985 - Results from tests with normal and shear stress cells in a medium, scale model silo.pdf},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 496
@article{zhang0000effect,

	author = {Zhang, Z. P. and Yu, A. B. and Oakeshott, R. B. S.},
	title = {Effect of packing method on the randomness of disk packing},
	journal = {J. Phys. A: Mathematical \& General},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652709},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {2671-2685+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 497
@article{zhang0000numerical_1,

	author = {Zhang, Z. P. and Liu, L. F. and Yuan, Y. D. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Numerical study of the effects of dynamic factors on the packing of particles.},
	journal = {Powder Technol.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652708},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {23-32+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {116},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 498
@proceedings{zhang0000numerical_2,

	title = {Numerical simulation of slow deformations.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Zhang, Y. and Cundall, P. A.},
	booktitle = {Proc. Symp. on the Mechanics of Particulate Media, Tenth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652707},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Numerical simulation of slow deformations.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Austin, TX.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 499
@article{advait0000elastohydrodynamic,

	author = {Advait, A. and Kantak, A. and Davis, R.},
	title = {Elastohydrodynamic theory for wet oblique collisions},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We discuss the modeling of the coefficient of restitution as a function of the incoming velocity in elasto-plastic collisions with normal frictionless impact, and compare the results from nonlinear finite-element analysis to those of two recent normal force displacement models: One by Thornton (ASME J. Appl. Mech. 64 (1997) 383) and one by Vu-Quoc and Zhang (Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 455 (1999) 4013) which is the displacement-driven counterpart of the force-driven model proposed by Vu-Quoc, Zhang, and Lesburg (ASME. J. Appl. Mech. 67 (2000) 363). The resulting values of the coefficient of restitution are also compared to those from the model proposed in Stronge (in: R.C. Batra, A.K. Mal, G.P. MacSithigh (Eds.), Impact Waves and Fractures, ASME AMD 205 (1995) 351). The relationships among the coefficient of restitution, the incoming velocity, the collision time, the contact force/displacement, the normal pressure distribution are presented and discussed. These results establish the better accuracy provided by the model proposed by Vu-Quoc, Zhang, and Lesburg, when compared to previously proposed models.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652706},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kantak, Davis - 2006 - Elastohydrodynamic theory for wet oblique collisions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6636(99)00017-4},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3K-45BMD5S-5/2/83d13193b7a04044c430a269417a5adb},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
[1]
doi:10.1016/S0167-6636(99)00017-4},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-6636(99)00017-4},
	old_keywords = {aarons, collisions, database, dem, elasticity, hydrodynamics, jin, jps, modeling, oois, particle, piv, powder, restitution},
	number = {1},
	pages = {42-52+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kantak, Davis - 2006 - Elastohydrodynamic theory for wet oblique collisions.pdf},
	volume = {168},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		collision,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 500
@article{albert0000granular,

	author = {Albert, I. and Morss, A. and Barab\~{A}!`si, A. L. and Sample, J. and Rajagopalan, S. and Schiffer, P.},
	title = {Granular drag on a discrete object: Shape effects on jamming},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A model for metal powder compaction is proposed as an interpolation between well-known models corresponding to a high level of porosity with low inter-particle cohesive strength or a low level of porosity with high cohesion. A simple model for analysis of shear band development in uniformly strained solids is used to study the possibility of flow localization during metal powder compaction. It is found that the material model predicts localization when the porosity is high and the cohesion is low, and localization is also predicted at intermediate levels of porosity, but not at low porosity levels where full cohesion applies.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652705},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Albert et al. - 2001 - Granular drag on a discrete object Shape effects on jamming.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-47XST19-2/2/918b6568df9f0992fb6dbf0d0a352387},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-3YB4D3C-4/2/ccf5197fa42fad45a894eaa5f9e6679a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00034-9},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, compaction, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, porosity, powder, shear},
	number = {6},
	pages = {2-5+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Albert et al. - 2001 - Granular drag on a discrete object Shape effects on jamming.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		compaction,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		porosity,
		powder,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 501
@article{roberts0000flow,

	author = {Roberts, A. W. and Wensrich, C.},
	title = {Flow dynamics or quaking in gravity discharge from silos},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Canadian Biosystems Engineering 44:5.1 5.6},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652704},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Roberts - 2002 - Flow dynamics or 'quaking' in gravity discharge from silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v66/e031304},
	comment = {Flow patterns of cohesive feed in a model bin with flow corrective inserts
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.66.031304},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {10-10+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Roberts - 2002 - Flow dynamics or 'quaking' in gravity discharge from silos.pdf},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 502
@article{majidi0000simplified,

	author = {Majidi, C. and Adams, G. G.},
	title = {A simplified formulation of adhesion problems with elastic plates},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The elastoplastic Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model is shown to overestimate the inclination of shear bands in granular materials. An extended Mohr-Coulomb (EMC) model is proposed to get a more accurate analytical expression for the average orientation of shear bands in soils. The EMC model uses an additional plastic mechanism that softens the transverse modulus and promotes strain localization similar to the vertexlike model of Rudnicki and Rice. Its mathematical structure is simple enough to derive analytical expressions for the plastic modulus and shear-band orientation at the onset of strain localization. The paper also introduces the concept of postcritical localization to account for the scattering of experimental data on the orientation of shear bands in soils. The concept of delayed localization and the EMC model allows us to retrieve the conservative lower and upper bounds of Roscoe and Mohr-Coulomb and to determine more accurate bounds for the average orientation of shear bands in frictional soils.},
	address = {Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652703},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Majidi, Adams - 2009 - A simplified formulation of adhesion problems with elastic plates.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026190238\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
The behaviour of granular material in pure shear, direct shear and simple shear
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 12
Export Date: 24 February 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2107},
	pages = {2217-2230+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	school = {Aston University,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Majidi, Adams - 2009 - A simplified formulation of adhesion problems with elastic plates.pdf},
	volume = {465},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 503
@article{tsuji0000lagrangian,

	author = {Tsuji, Y. and Tanaka, T. and Ishida, T.},
	title = {Lagrangian numerical simulation of plug flow of cohesionless particles in a horizontal pipe},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652702},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsuji, Tanaka, Ishida - 1992 - Lagrangian numerical simulation of plug flow of cohesionless particles in a horizontal pipe.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, dem, full-scale, jin, jps, model, oois, powder, silos, tests, theoretical},
	number = {3},
	pages = {239-250+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsuji, Tanaka, Ishida - 1992 - Lagrangian numerical simulation of plug flow of cohesionless particles in a horizontal pipe.pdf},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		powder,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 504
@article{zhang0000stress_1,

	author = {Zhang, D. Z. and Rauenzahn, R. M.},
	title = {Stress relaxation in dense and slow granular flows.},
	journal = {J. Rheol.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652701},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1019-1041+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 505
@article{zhang0000viscoelastic_1,

	author = {Zhang, D. Z. and Rauenzahn, R. M.},
	title = {A viscoelastic model for dense granular flows.},
	journal = {J. Rheol.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652700},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {425-453+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 506
@article{derjaguin0000effect,

	author = {Derjaguin, B. V. and Muller, V. M. and Toporov, Y. P.},
	title = {Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A strict theory of reciprocal influence of the contact deformation and molecular attraction of a ball and a plane has been developed. It has been shown that despite the van der Waals' forces being capable of increasing the elastic contact area between the ball and the plane, the force that is required to overcome the molecular forces arising when the contact is broken does not increase thereby. In fact, it remains equal to the attraction force value that is deter- mined when considering the point contact of a nondeformed ball with a plane. In the absence of the electrostatic component, the adhesion force is equivalent to the first power of the ball radius and to the amount of Work per unit area as required for effecting the equilibrium tearing-off of a flat surface of the same nature.},
	address = {Earth Mechanics, Inc., 17660 Newhope St., Fountain Valley, CA 92708, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652699},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Derjaguin, Muller, Toporov - 1975 - Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4544220385\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3V8Y9R3-N/2/6db3b8d390f627332fe076a07fb94a1a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 6
Export Date: 23 June 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, d6, database, dem, distribution, end, evolution, igc, image, jin, jps, lubrication, microstructure, non-uniformity, oois, piv, platens, powder, radial, ratio, slenderness, specimen, strain, void},
	number = {2},
	pages = {314-326+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Derjaguin, Muller, Toporov - 1975 - Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles.pdf},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		distribution,
		evolution,
		jin,
		jps,
		lubrication,
		microstructure,
		nonuniform,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		radial,
		ratio,
		strain,
		void,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 507
@article{zeng0000analysis,

	author = {Zeng, Q. Y. and Zhou, J.},
	title = {Analysis of passive earth pressure due to various wall movement by particle flow code (2D)},
	journal = {Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652698},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {code, database, earth, flow, jin, movement, oois, particle, passive, pressure, various, wall},
	number = {SUPPL.},
	pages = {43+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		earth,
		flow,
		jin,
		motion,
		oois,
		particle,
		pressure,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 508
@article{yoon0000experimental,

	author = {Yoon, J. and Jeon, S.},
	title = {Experimental verification of a pts mode II test for rock},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652697},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4CSGK18-3/2/e79a875639f6680d0d6e4021610496ff},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {Supplement 1},
	pages = {8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4CSGK18-3/2/e79a875639f6680d0d6e4021610496ff},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 509
@article{di0000improved,

	author = {Di Renzo, A. and Di Maio, F. P.},
	title = {An improved integral non-linear model for the contact of particles in distinct element simulations},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {For two-body collisions, it has been recognized that the coefficient of restitution is not a material property but is affected by initial relative velocity at the contact point as well as orientation of the colliding bodies. This paper obtains expressions for the energetic coefficient of restitution in terms of initial conditions based on the methods of analytical mechanics for impacts of multi-rigid-body systems. We provide two examples. The first example is for two-body collision with friction to validate the rationality of the expressions given by this paper. The example used by Stronge (Mech. Struct. Mach. 29(2) (2001) 239) is served as the second example for comparison with Stronge (2001).},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652696},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Renzo, Di Maio - 2005 - An improved integral non-linear model for the contact of particles in distinct element simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-37849005415\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3K-4BWYNMY-1/2/d1a5cdcdd1a1f4bd6646d5b9a4e305d9},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 27 November 2008
Source: Scopus
 | 
{Di Renzo}
{Di Maio}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, distinct, element, granular, jin, jps, method, model, oois, ow, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1303-1312+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Renzo, Di Maio - 2005 - An improved integral non-linear model for the contact of particles in distinct element simulations.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 510
@article{amarouchene0000capillarylike,

	author = {Amarouchene, Y. and Boudet and Kellay, H.},
	title = {Capillarylike Fluctuations at the Interface of Falling Granular Jets},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The simulation method of DEM and experimental method are used to investigate the flow pattern of the filling and discharging process for two-dimensional plane silos. Two kinds of inserts (conical insert and BINSERT(R)) are used in the silo to change the flow fields of the silo. The placement of inserts improves the flow behaviors of funnel flow type to mass flow type during discharging. The wall normal stresses are influenced by the change of the flow type. The effects of using differently shaped inserts on the flow pattern and wall stress are analyzed in this study. The controlling parameters include the silo half-angle, the orifice width, the shape of the insert and the properties of the granular materials. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652695},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Amarouchene, Boudet, Kellay - 2008 - Capillarylike Fluctuations at the Interface of Falling Granular Jets.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/762/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441W069-D/2/355303bb5f4fe9d9495cd0fa7b4983a0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {21},
	pages = {1-4+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Amarouchene, Boudet, Kellay - 2008 - Capillarylike Fluctuations at the Interface of Falling Granular Jets.pdf},
	volume = {100},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 511
@article{willett0000capillary,

	author = {Willett, C. D. and Adams, M. J. and Johnson, S. A. and Seville, J. P. K.},
	title = {Capillary bridges between two spherical bodies},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652694},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Willett et al. - 2000 - Capillary bridges between two spherical bodies.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/94/3025/1},
	comment = {PDF,},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, der, forces, friction, jin, jps, lattice, oois, particle, porosity, powder, powders, rolling, size, sliding, theory, van, waals},
	number = {24},
	pages = {9396-9405+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Willett et al. - 2000 - Capillary bridges between two spherical bodies.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		force,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		lattice,
		oois,
		particle,
		porosity,
		powder,
		powder,
		rolling,
		sliding,
		vanderwaals,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 512
@proceedings{yang0000microdynamic,

	title = {Microdynamic analysis of the flow of particles in horizontal rotating drum},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Yang, R. Y. and Zou, R. P. and Yu, A. B.},
	booktitle = {7th International Symposium on Agglomeration},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652693},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Microdynamic analysis of the flow of particles in horizontal rotating drum},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Aibi, France, 569-588.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 513
@proceedings{yamamoto0000simulation,

	title = {A DEM simulation for tunnel excavation.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Yamamoto, T. and Hakuno, M.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652692},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A DEM simulation for tunnel excavation.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 514
@proceedings{yamada0000simulation,

	title = {Simulation of accretionary prisms by distinct element method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Yamada, Y. and Udea, S. and Matsuoka, T.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652691},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Simulation of accretionary prisms by distinct element method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 515
@article{dejong0000vertical,

	author = {Dejong, J.},
	title = {Vertical air-controlled particle flow from a bunker through circular orifices},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {As a simple and passive means, particle damping provides vibration suppression with granular particles embedded within their containing holes in a vibrating structure. Unlike in traditional damping materials, mechanisms of energy dissipation of particle damping are primarily related to friction and impact phenomena which are highly non-linear. In the research work reported in the paper we investigate elastic beam and plate structures with drilled longitudinal holes filled with damping particles. Our focus is on the form of damping due to shear friction induced by strain gradient along the length of the structure. We present physical models to take into account of the shear frictional forces between particle layers and impacts of the particles with the containing holes. A numerical procedure is presented to predict the damping effect. Experimental tests of the beam and plate structures for various different damping treatments are also conducted. Model predictions are validated by experimental results. The particle damping is found to be remarkably strong for a broadband range. Moreover, the shear friction is determined to be the major contributing mechanism of damping, especially at a high volumetric packing ratio. The numerical and experimental findings suggest that the best damping effect might be achieved by using a design of multiple particle chambers involving an appropriate combination of the impact, friction and shear mechanisms, in contrast to a transverse-type particle or single-mass damper.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652690},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dejong - 1970 - Vertical air-controlled particle flow from a bunker through circular orifices.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.dem-solutions.com/},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-4BNVVKS-2/2/f118b8b855e029f3506c837fce202b84},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
EDEM discrete element code, version 1.2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Edinburgh, UK},
	number = {1},
	pages = {279-286+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dejong - 1970 - Vertical air-controlled particle flow from a bunker through circular orifices.pdf},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 516
@article{vuquoc0000accurate_2,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, L. and Lesburg, L. and Zhang, X.},
	title = {An accurate tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations: Contacting spheres with plastic deformation, force-driven formulation},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In order to test the effect of material properties on flowability of particulate materials, discharge procedures of spherical particles within a flat-bottomed model silo with three sets of material properties, i.e., soft and hard without adhesion and adhesive hard, were simulated using the Discrete Element Method. For each system, three particles on the center line were selected and their instant vertical velocity components were traced. In addition, both discharge and the rate were recorded throughout the procedure. The predicted results show that, for both the systems without adhesion, though the soft has a material modulus only 1/1000 of the hard, there are no significant differences in f low pattern and discharge rate. This suggests that a soft system can be used to predict the behavior of a hard one to save CPU time in a gravity-driven granular flow. On the other hand, comparison between both hard systems shows that adhesion can significantly reduce the flowability in granular flow. By analyzing the velocity plot for the traced particles, free fall was clearly detected above the decompression zone, indicating the motion of a particle in a granular flow can be resolved as free fall together with the movement due to particle collision. In addition, select dynamic behavior related to the kinetic fluctuations affecting flow was observed. discrete element methodsilogranule flowparticulate material},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652689},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Lesburg, Zhang - 2004 - An accurate tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations Contacting spheres with plastic deformation, force-driven formulation.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {298-326+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Lesburg, Zhang - 2004 - An accurate tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations Contacting spheres with plastic deformation, force-driven formulation.pdf},
	volume = {196},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 517
@article{xu0000numerical_1,

	author = {Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B. and Chew, S. J. and Zulli, P.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in a bed with lateral gas blasting},
	journal = {Powder Technol},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652688},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {13-26+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 518
@book{wylen0000fundamentals,

	author = {Wylen, G. J. V. and Sonntao, R. E.},
	title = {Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics},
	publisher = {3rd edition, John Wiley \& Sons, New York.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {NO PDF},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652687},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 519
@book{parsegian0000waals,

	author = {Parsegian, V. A.},
	title = {Van der Waals forces: a handbook for biologists, chemists, engineers, and physicists},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652686},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Parsegian - 2006 - Van der Waals forces a handbook for biologists, chemists, engineers, and physicists.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v82/p5397},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.5397},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {26},
	pages = {5397+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Parsegian - 2006 - Van der Waals forces a handbook for biologists, chemists, engineers, and physicists.pdf},
	volume = {82},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 520
@article{pariseau0000discontinuous,

	author = {Pariseau, W. G.},
	title = {Discontinuous velocity, fields in gravity flows of granular materials through slots},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, the energy dissipation during the normal impact of an elastic spherical particle with a substrate, which is assumed to be elastic or elastic–plastic, is investigated using the finite element method (FEM). For the elastic impact, the effect of the size of the substrate (which is assumed to be homogeneous) on the impact behaviour is investigated. By changing the substrate size, the number of reflections of stress wave propagation within the contact duration altered. It is found that the energy dissipation due to stress wave propagation is negligible (<1\% of the total kinetic energy) if there is more than one reflection during the contact. If there is no reflection at all within the contact duration, a significant amount of kinetic energy is dissipated due to stress wave propagation. The energy loss ratio λ (the ratio of kinetic energy dissipated to the initial total kinetic energy) is proportional to the impact velocity Vi with a power law of 3/5, which is consistent with the analysis of Hunter [Hunter SC. J Mech Phys Solids 1957;8:162–71]. For the plastic impact, the energy loss due to stress wave propagation becomes negligible and kinetic energy is mainly dissipated due to plastic deformation. Two distinct regimes of plastic impacts are distinguished by a critical impact velocity,  [Wu CY, Li LY, Thornton C. Int J Impact Eng 2003;28:929–46]: elastoplastic impact and finite-plastic-deformation impact. The kinetic energy dissipation behaviour for these two regimes is discussed. It is shown that a sharper decrease of the coefficient of restitution with an increasing normalised impact velocity Vi/Vy (Vy is the yield velocity) is observed for finite-plastic-deformation impacts than for elastoplastic impacts. Keywords: Normal impact; Coefficient of restitution; Energy dissipation; Elastic–plastic materials; Finite deformation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652685},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pariseau - 1970 - Discontinuous velocity, fields in gravity flows of granular materials through slots.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3K-4H80SXT-1/2/da7ee90d5c2b4347853d91e9fd528920},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Cambridge, U.K},
	number = {1},
	pages = {218-226+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:42},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pariseau - 1970 - Discontinuous velocity, fields in gravity flows of granular materials through slots.pdf},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 521
@article{feise0000evolution,

	author = {Feise, H. J. and Carson, J. W.},
	title = {The Evolution of Bulk Solids Technology Since 1982},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;This paper describes an experimental study of failure and softening behaviour in dense Toyoura sand. A true triaxial apparatus equipped with three pairs of rigid loading platens is used to test sand sample under three-dimensional stress condition. The testing results demonstrate that the rigid boundary around the sand samples cannot prevent formation of shear localization. Shear localization are observed to emerge in the hardening or the softening regime in the loading depending on the magnitude of intermediate principal stress. Uniform deformation for the whole strain range is obtained only in triaxial compression tests. The peak stress state obtained from tests of sand samples of the same initial density can be described with good approximation by the Matsuoka–Nakai criterion.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652684},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise, Carson - 2003 - The Evolution of Bulk Solids Technology Since 1982.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0083-5},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3K-482YW4T-2/2/b28bfc8888fcc224bbc5a5d0c478ed77},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-008-0083-5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0083-5},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {121-131+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise, Carson - 2003 - The Evolution of Bulk Solids Technology Since 1982.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 522
@article{wu0000coefficients_1,

	author = {Wu, C. Y. and Thornton, C. and Li, L. Y.},
	title = {Coefficients of restitution for elastoplastic oblique impacts},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652683},
	comment = {Cited By: 1, Export Date: 26 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {analysis, coefficient, database, elastic, elastoplastic, ementan, finite, impact, jin, oois, particle, restitution},
	number = {4},
	pages = {435+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		elasticity,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		impact,
		jin,
		oois,
		particle,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 523
@article{wright0000steady,

	author = {Wright, T. W.},
	title = {Steady shearing in a viscoplastic solid.},
	journal = {J. Mech. Phys. of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652682},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {269-282+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 524
@article{wriggers0000note,

	author = {Wriggers and Simo, J. C.},
	title = {A note on tangent stiffness for fully nonlinear contact problems.},
	journal = {Commun. Appl. Numer. Meth.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652681},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {199-203+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 525
@proceedings{worgan0000application,

	title = {Application of the discrete element method to modeling the subsurface penetration of a uniform cover.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Worgan, K. J. and Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st Conf. DEM},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652680},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Application of the discrete element method to modeling the subsurface penetration of a uniform cover.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 526
@article{schwedes0000measurement_1,

	author = {Schwedes, J. and Schulze, D.},
	title = {Measurement of flow properties of bulk solids},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652679},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schwedes, Schulze - 1990 - Measurement of flow properties of bulk solids.pdf},
	comment = {PDF
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 20
Export Date: 23 June 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {59-68+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schwedes, Schulze - 1990 - Measurement of flow properties of bulk solids.pdf},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 527
@misc{rong0000simulation_1,


	abstract = {Granular materials occur in many geological and engineering situations. They can pass through distinct stages of existence separated by transitions of density, deformation rate and behaviour during which structure is alternately created or destroyed. Behaviour during one stage is dependent on the outcome of the previous stage. Much geotechnical design is concerned with small deformations of materials which have been deposited by ice, water, air or human action and subjected to a history of tectonic and geomorphological forces. The till which has been continuously reworked by glacial action, or the sediment transported by water or air, becomes a firm foundation material but with an anisotropy of stiffness linked to the process of formation. However, earthquake loading can cause the same soils to liquefy and flow and some civil engineering applications involve large relative movements of soils and structural elements. As they are poured into a hopper, granular materials develop a structure which influences the development of stress on the walls of the hopper and the patterns of flow and loading during emptying. A generic life cycle for granular materials is presented and its application to a number of different types of material is discussed. Some phenomena observed in the mechanical response of geotechnical granular materials are described.},
	author = {Rong, G. H.},
	booktitle = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652678},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rong - 1995 - Simulation of Flow Behaviour of Bulk Solids in Bins. Part 2 Shear Bands, Flow Corrective Inserts and Velocity Profiles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v84/p1439},
	comment = {Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1439
 | 
Simulation of Flow Behaviour of Bulk Solids in Bins. Part 2: Shear Bands, Flow Corrective Inserts and Velocity Profiles},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {257-269+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Simulation of Flow Behaviour of Bulk Solids in Bins. Part 2: Shear Bands, Flow Corrective Inserts and Velocity Profiles},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rong - 1995 - Simulation of Flow Behaviour of Bulk Solids in Bins. Part 2 Shear Bands, Flow Corrective Inserts and Velocity Profiles.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 528
@article{kim0000adhesion,

	author = {Kim, K.},
	title = {Adhesion, slip, cohesive zones and energy fluxes for elastic spheres in contact},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652677},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kim - 1998 - Adhesion, slip, cohesive zones and energy fluxes for elastic spheres in contact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/134/1095/1},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Experimental Investigations of Stresses and Flow in a Full Scale Silo of axial Symmetry - with and without Insert},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, deformation, dem, discrete, elements, granular, jin, jps, measurement, media, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {243-266+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Tel-Tek},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kim - 1998 - Adhesion, slip, cohesive zones and energy fluxes for elastic spheres in contact.pdf},
	volume = {46},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		medium,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 529
@article{tejchman0000bedding,

	author = {Tejchman, J.},
	title = {Bedding effects in bulk solids in silos: experiments and a polar hypoplastic approach},
	journal = {Thin-Walled Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This article presents finite element (FE) calculations of stresses in a silo structure caused by the loads exerted by the discharging material. Two different conical hoppers were studied, concentric and eccentric withdrawal. The eccentricity was introduced by the change of the outlet position towards one side of the hopper, and the influence of this modification is presented. The simulation of silo flow with the common Drucker-Prager model for bulk solids was performed in order to obtain the wall pressure distribution. All FE calculations are carried out with aid of the commercial software ABAQUS. Significant differences are found in the hopper-wall stresses between the concentric and eccentric cases. Strong bending actions appear in the eccentric hopper, and they are influenced by stiffness of the hopper/cylinder junction.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652676},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tejchman - 2000 - Bedding effects in bulk solids in silos experiments and a polar hypoplastic approach.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, FEM, SILO},
	old_keywords = {buckling, continuum, database, dem, eccentric, element, finite, flow, granular, hopper, hypoplasticity, jin, jps, material, method, oois, polar, powder, silo, silos, stress, wall},
	number = {4},
	pages = {333-361+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tejchman - 2000 - Bedding effects in bulk solids in silos experiments and a polar hypoplastic approach.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		buckling,
		continuum,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		hopper,
		hypoplasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		polar,
		powder,
		silo,
		silo,
		stress,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 530
@article{wittmer0000stress_1,

	author = {Wittmer, J. P. and Cates, M. E. and Claudin, P.},
	title = {Stress propagation and arching in static sandpiles},
	journal = {Journal de physique. I},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A new approach to the modelling of stress propagation in static granular media, focusing on the conical sandpile constructed from a point source is presented. The first, the FPA (fixed principal axes) model, assumes that the eigendirections (but not the eigenvalues) of the stress tensor are determined forever when a material element is first buried. As a result of this, stresses propagate along a nested set of archlike structures within the pile, resulting in a minimum of the vertical normal stress beneath the apex of the pile, as seen experimentally. The second model is that of oriented stress linearity (OSL) which contains an adjustable parameter (one value of which corresponds to FPA). For the general OSL case, the simple interpretation in terms of nested arches does not apply, though a dip is again found over a finite parameter range.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652675},
	comment = {Cited By: 62, Export Date: 10 November 05, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {analysis, arch, controlled, database, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, engineering, granular, heading, jin, main, materials, mathematical, mechanics, models, oois, physics, porous, propagation, sand, sandpiles, static, stress, stresses, terms, uncontrolled},
	number = {1},
	pages = {39+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		arch,
		control,
		eigenfunction,
		eigenvalue,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		physics,
		porosity,
		propagation,
		sand,
		sand,pile,
		static,
		stress,
		stress,
		uncontrolled,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 531
@article{wittke0000modified,

	author = {Wittke, W. and Leonards, G. A.},
	title = {Modified hypothesis for failure of Malpasset Dam.},
	journal = {Eng. Geology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652674},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {567-594+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 532
@article{wison0000nonlinear,

	author = {Wison, E. L. and Farhoomand, I. and Bathe, K. J.},
	title = {Nonlinear dynamic analysis of complex structures.},
	journal = {Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652673},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {241-252+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 533
@article{wilms0000interpretation,

	author = {Wilms, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {INTERPRETATION OF RING SHEAR TESTS},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The uncertain stress distribution in annular shear cells is the reason for the lack of confidence in shear test results obtained with ring shear testers. However, theoretical investigations on the stress-strain conditions in an annular shear cell and experiments reveal that annular shear cells may be used to obtain reliable results for silo design if a certain test procedure is used.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652672},
	comment = {NO PDF, SHEAR},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1017+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 534
@proceedings{wilms0000improved,

	title = {IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR RING SHEAR TESTERS},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Because of the uncertain stress distribution in annular shear cells there is not much confidence in the results of ring shear tests. However, theoretical considerations on the stress-strain-conditions and experiments reveal that annular shear cells may be used to obtain reliable results for silo design.},
	author = {Wilms, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	booktitle = {EFCE Publication Series (European Federation of Chemical Engineering)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652671},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR RING SHEAR TESTERS},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {49},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 535
@article{wilms0000analysis_1,

	author = {Wilms, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Analysis of the active stress field in hoppers},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Slice element methods are widely used for calculation of stresses in silos. However, more accurate means are available, since large computer capacities facilitate numerical calculation procedures. The active state of stress in plane-strain silos prevailing after initial filling of a silo is investigated by the method of characteristics with special emphasis on the stress pattern in the hopper section. Considering boundary conditions derived from the Mohr stress circle limits the solution of the active state of failure, i.e. plastic equilibrium, to certain combinations of the parameters internal friction, wall friction and hopper wall inclination. Other combinations of these parameters will only permit an elastic solution of the active stress field. If, however, the active state of stress does exist, then the vertical stresses prevailing in the hopper are very high and have to be considered for design of feeders and internals.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652670},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-43K4432-21/2/9a3461ef3e96ceba9fc4acaa93982ccd},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {15+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-43K4432-21/2/9a3461ef3e96ceba9fc4acaa93982ccd},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 536
@proceedings{williams0000superquadrics_1,

	title = {Superquadrics and modal dynamics for discrete elements in concurrent design.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Pentland, A. P.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of the 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652669},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Superquadrics and modal dynamics for discrete elements in concurrent design.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Mustoe, G.G.W., Henriksen, M. and Huttelmaier, H.P. (Eds.), Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 537
@proceedings{williams0000interactive,

	title = {Interactive, integrated design - object representation and modal analysis.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Pentland, A. P.},
	booktitle = {Human Computer Interface International '89},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652668},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Interactive, integrated design - object representation and modal analysis.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Boston, MA.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 538
@article{williams0000good,

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Pentland, A. P.},
	title = {Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation.},
	journal = {ACM Comput. Graphics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652667},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 539
@misc{williams0000superquadrics_2,


	author = {Williams, J. R. and Pentland, A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652666},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Superquadrics and modal dynamics for discrete elements in concurrent design.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Technical Report Order No. 1ESL91-12, Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
	title = {Superquadrics and modal dynamics for discrete elements in concurrent design.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 540
@article{williams0000linear,

	author = {Williams, J. R. and O'Connor, R.},
	title = {A linear complexity intersection algorithm for discrete element simulations of arbitrary geometrics.},
	journal = {Int. J. CAE-Eng. Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652665},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {185-201+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 541
@article{williams0000discrete,

	author = {Williams, J. R. and O'Coimor, R. and Rege, N.},
	title = {Discrete element analysis and granular vortex formation},
	journal = {Electronic J. Geotech. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652664},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {Available at http://139.78.66.61/ejge/.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 542
@article{williams0000modal,

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	title = {Modal methods for the analysis of discrete systems.},
	journal = {Comput. and Geotech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652663},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1-19+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 543
@article{williams0000nodal,

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Mustoe, G.},
	title = {Nodal methods for the analysis of discrete systems.},
	journal = {Int. J. Comput. and Geotech},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652662},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1-19+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 544
@proceedings{williams0000theoretical,

	title = {The theoretical basis of the discrete element method.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Williams, J. R. and Hocking, G. and Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Engineering: Theory and Applications},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652661},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The theoretical basis of the discrete element method.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Swansea, 897-906.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 545
@article{williams0000contact_1,

	author = {Williams, J. R.},
	title = {Contact analysis of large numbers of interacting bodies using discrete modal methods for simulating material failure on the microscopic scale.},
	journal = {Eng. Comput.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652660},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {198-209+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 546
@misc{williams0000contact_2,


	author = {Williams, J. R.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652659},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Contact analysis of large numbers of interacting bodies using discrete modal methods for simulating material failure on the microscopic scale.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Technical Report Order No. 1ESL91-12, Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.},
	title = {Contact analysis of large numbers of interacting bodies using discrete modal methods for simulating material failure on the microscopic scale.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 547
@proceedings{williams0000proceedings,

	title = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods (DEM)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Williams, J. and Mustoe, G.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652658},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods (DEM)},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {IESL Publications},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 548
@proceedings{william0000composite,

	title = {Composite fracture mode for strain softening computations of concrete.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {William, K. J. and Bicanic, N. and Pramono, N. and Sture, S.},
	booktitle = {Int. Conf. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652657},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Composite fracture mode for strain softening computations of concrete.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Lausanne, Switzerland.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 549
@article{persson0000contact,

	author = {Persson, B. N. J.},
	title = {Contact mechanics for randomly rough surfaces},
	journal = {Surface Science Reports},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652656},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Persson - 2006 - Contact mechanics for randomly rough surfaces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v66/e061303},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Die Diskrete Elemente Methode (DEM) und ihre Anwendung in der Felsmechanik
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.66.061303},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {201-227+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Persson - 2006 - Contact mechanics for randomly rough surfaces.pdf},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 550
@article{wen0000mechanics_1,

	author = {Wen, C. and Yu, Y.},
	title = {Mechanics of fluidization},
	journal = {Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652655},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {62},
	pages = {100+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 551
@article{hanes0000simulations,

	author = {Hanes, D.},
	title = {Simulations and physical measurements of glass spheres flowing down a bumpy incline},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652654},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hanes - 2000 - Simulations and physical measurements of glass spheres flowing down a bumpy incline.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v86/p3308},
	comment = {0959-7174
<P>The rapid and uncontrolled discharge of a large-sized granular-like material from a vertical cylinder is modelled assuming a modified kinematic relationship exists between granular pressure, speed and density. Discharge is driven by the initial Janssen pressure, and a Beverloo-type equation is derived for the initial discharge. A shock occurs at the bottom of the cylinder, and another upwards travelling shock separates static and moving material. The initial discharge is non-constant, with the constant density and discharge case violating the `entropy' condition. Two sets of characteristics are found : one travelling upwards, associated with the motion of voids; and the other travelling downwards, associated with work performed by the particle pressure. Contrary to hopper models, a low density of solids is predicted about the cylinder exit. The modified kinematic model allows density waves to travel either up or down through the cylinder, but the frequency and speed of the waves is not fixed uniquely by the model. The waves exhibit a saw-tooth behaviour, with a continuously increasing magnitude in flux at the orifice, interspersed with discontinuous decreases. </P>
 | 
0959-7174-9-3-306
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3308},
	old_keywords = {aarons, chute, database, dem, discrete, flow, granular, jin, jps, oois, particle, piv, powder, simulation},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {133-144+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hanes - 2000 - Simulations and physical measurements of glass spheres flowing down a bumpy incline.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		chute,
		dem,
		discrete,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 552
@proceedings{wei0000elliptic,

	title = {The elliptic discrete element method as a new approach to simulating granular media.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Wei, Q. and Cheng, X. H. and Liu, G. T.},
	booktitle = {Proc. Asian Pacific Conf. Computational Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652653},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The elliptic discrete element method as a new approach to simulating granular media.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Hong Kong},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 553
@article{wu0000coefficients_2,

	author = {Wu, C. Y. and Thornton, C. and Li, L. Y.},
	title = {Coefficients of restitution for elastoplastic oblique impacts},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652652},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Thornton, Li - 2003 - Coefficients of restitution for elastoplastic oblique impacts.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
2D Simulation of Shear Testing Devices for Granular Materials with the Distinct Element Method},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, dem, elastic, elastoplastic, element, finite, impact, jin, jps, oois, particle, powder, restitutioncoefficients},
	location = {Berlin},
	number = {4},
	pages = {435-448+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	school = {Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Thornton, Li - 2003 - Coefficients of restitution for elastoplastic oblique impacts.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		elasticity,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 554
@article{weaver0000geological,

	author = {Weaver, J. M.},
	title = {Geological factors significant in the assessment of rippability.},
	journal = {The Civil Eng. in Sth. Africa},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652651},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {313-316+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 555
@article{watanabe0000critical,

	author = {Watanabe, H.},
	title = {Critical rotation speed for ball-milling},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652650},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {95-99+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {104},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 556
@article{mitarai0000granular,

	author = {Mitarai, N. and Nori, F.},
	title = {Wet Granular Materials},
	journal = {Advances in Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Most studies on granular physics have focused on dry granular media, with no liquids between the grains. However, in geology and many real world applications (e.g., food processing, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, civil engineering, constructions, and many industrial applications), liquid is present between the grains. This produces inter-grain cohesion and drastically modifies the mechanical properties of the granular media (e.g., the surface angle can be larger than 90 degrees). Here we present a review of the mechanical properties of wet granular media, with particular emphasis on the effect of cohesion. We also list several open problems that might motivate future studies in this exciting but mostly unexplored field.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652649},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mitarai, Nori - 2006 - Wet Granular Materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1899},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/15/3318/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1098/rspa.2007.1899
 | 
Linear cohesion model in EDEM},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.2007.1899},
	old_keywords = {aarons, condensed, database, dem, drag, flow, granular, jin, jps, knudsen, mach, matter, mechanics, number, oois, piv, powder, simulation, soft, statistical, subsonic, supersonic},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {1-45+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mitarai, Nori - 2006 - Wet Granular Materials.pdf},
	volume = {55},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		condensation,
		dem,
		drag,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		knudsen,
		mach,
		matter,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		soft,
		statistics,
		subsonic,
		supersonic,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 557
@article{warburton0000vector,

	author = {Warburton, P. M.},
	title = {Vector stability analysis of an arbitrary polyhedral rock block with any number of free faces},
	journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652648},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {415-427+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 558
@article{wang0000packing,

	author = {Wang, C. Y. and Wang, C. F. and Sheng, J. A.},
	title = {Packing generation scheme for the granular assemblies with 3D ellipsoidal particles.},
	journal = {Int. J. Nurner. Anal. Meth. Geomech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652647},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {815-828+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 559
@article{wang0000numerical,

	author = {Wang, C. and Tannant, D. D. and Lilly, P. A.},
	title = {Numerical analysis of the stability of heavily jointed rock slopes using PFC2D},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652646},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-485GR8C-1/2/bc90fae074547a9c0ce513e18cfb0492},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {415+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-485GR8C-1/2/bc90fae074547a9c0ce513e18cfb0492},
	volume = {40},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 560
@article{wang0000rock,

	author = {Wang, C. and Tannant, D. D.},
	title = {Rock fracture around a highly stressed tunnel and the impact of a thin tunnel liner for ground control},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652645},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4CSGK18-3X/2/520ed63d12a8c97702dd91a52229554f},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {Supplement 1},
	pages = {676+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4CSGK18-3X/2/520ed63d12a8c97702dd91a52229554f},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 561
@book{walton0000particledynamics,

	author = {Walton, O. R. and Braun, R. L. and Mallon, R. G. and Cervelli, D. M.},
	title = {Particle-dynamics calculations of gravity flows of inelastic, frictional spheres.},
	publisher = {In Micromechanics of granular material, Satake, M. and Jenkins, J.T. (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 153-161.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652644},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 562
@article{walton0000viscosity_1,

	author = {Walton, O. R. and Braun, R. L.},
	title = {Viscosity and temperature calculations for assemblies of inelastic frictional disks.},
	journal = {J. Rheology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652643},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {5},
	pages = {949-980+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 563
@article{ristow0000outflow,

	author = {Ristow, G.},
	title = {Outflow rate and wall stress for two-dimensional hoppers},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We study the stress profile of an ordered two-dimensional packing of beads in response to the application of a vertical overload localized at its top surface. Disorder is introduced through the Coulombic friction between the grains which gives some indeterminacy and allows the choice of one constrained random number per grain in the calculation of the contact forces. The so-called \&ldquo;multi-agent\&rdquo; technique we use lets us deal with systems as large as 1000 \&\#215; 1000 grains. We show that the average response profile has a double-peaked structure. At large depth <I>z</I>, the position of these peaks grows with <I>cz</I>, while their widths scales like \&surd;<I>Dz</I>. <I>c</I> and <I>D</I> are analogous to \&ldquo;propagation\&rdquo; and \&ldquo;diffusion\&rdquo; coefficients. Their values depend on that of the friction coefficient \&mu;. At small \&mu;, we get <I>c</I><SUB>0</SUB> \&minus; <I>c</I> \&propto; \&mu; and <I>D</I> \&propto; \&mu;<SUP>\&beta;</SUP>, with \&beta; \&sim; 2.5, which means that the peaks get closer and wider as the disorder gets larger. This behavior is qualitatively what was predicted in a model where a stochastic relation between the stress components is assumed.},
	booktitle = {Mechanical and Statistical Physics of Particulate Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652642},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ristow - 1997 - Outflow rate and wall stress for two-dimensional hoppers.pdf},
	comment = {Effects of interparticle friction and particle shape on dynamic angle of repose via particle-dynamics simulation
 | 
0295-5075
 | 
0295-5075-60-6-813},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {California},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {319-326+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ristow - 1997 - Outflow rate and wall stress for two-dimensional hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {235},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 564
@proceedings{santamarina0000soil_1,

	title = {Soil behaviour: The role of particle shape},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Plastic strain distribution Found spherical indentations in annealed blocks of copper has been investigated by exploring the Vickers hardness of carefully prepared median plane sections through indentations. By comparing the hardness values thus determined with those of axial sections and flats of the annealed copper cylinders compressed to merent plastic natural strains of up to 0路97, it has been found that for an indentation of size <i>a/R</i> = 0路52 the strain is maximum immediately below the indentation surface and along the load axis, with its magnitude being more than twice the strain given by the empirical expression 蔚 = <i>0路2a/R</i>, where 蔚 is the strain, and <i>a</i> and <i>R</i> are the radii of the indentation and indenter respectively. Our strain distribution results are also different from those determined theoretically using the finite-element method. The experimental findings have been discussed in relation to determining the uniaxial stress鈥搒train curve of a solid using the spherical indentation test.},
	author = {Santamarina, J. C. and Cho, G. C.},
	booktitle = {Advances in Geotechnical Engineering: The Skempton Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652641},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Santamarina, Cho - 2004 - Soil behaviour The role of particle shape.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01418619608239721},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-47Y9ND0-5P/2/ce1faece6bc613715c1e1b6afa82aebf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Soil behaviour: The role of particle shape},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine A},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {604-617+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Santamarina, Cho - 2004 - Soil behaviour The role of particle shape.pdf},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 565
@incollection{richefeu0000shear_1,

	author = {Richefeu, V. and Youssoufi and Radja\~{A}¯, F.},
	title = {Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils : Experiments, DEM Simulations, and Micromechanical Analysis},
	booktitle = {Theoretical and Numerical Unsaturated Soil Mechanics},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652640},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, Youssoufi, Radja\~{A}¯ - 2007 - Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils Experiments, DEM Simulations, and Micromechanical Analysis.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/427503a},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/n6974/suppinfo/427503a\_S1.html},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Computer Simulation of rapidly flowing granular solids
 | 
0028-0836
10.1038/427503a
10.1038/427503a
 | 
978-3-540-69875-3 (Print) 978-3-540-69876-0 (Online)},
	doi = {10.1038/427503a},
	journal = {Nature},
	old_keywords = {aarons, capillary, cohesion, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, materials, micromechanics, oois, piv, powder, shear, simula-, strength, tions},
	location = {Tokyo},
	number = {6974},
	pages = {83-91+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, Youssoufi, Radja\~{A}¯ - 2007 - Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils Experiments, DEM Simulations, and Micromechanical Analysis.pdf},
	volume = {427},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 566
@article{mair0000influence,

	author = {Mair, K. and Frye, K. M. and Marone, C.},
	title = {Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A simple theory is developed which yields the approximate stresses within a granular material or powder flowing in hopper systems and gives the critical factors which ensure continued gravity flow. The stress fields during mass flow have been derived by consideration of the forces acting on elemental slices which are simultaneously yielding within themselves and along the hopper walls. Like Jenike, who has given an exact stress solution for hopper outlets only, when considering arching it is assumed that the powder strength is a function only of the local stresses that prevailed during the preceeding flow. Allowance has now been made, however, for the effect of the limited vertical shear stress that can be developed near a steep smooth wall on potential arch span. Consequently, the ideal hopper, designed from the material strength—stress characteristics is likely to have steep smooth walls which get steeper towards the outlet. R\'{e}sum\'{e} L'auteur d\'{e}veloppe une th\'{e}orie simple analysant les forces approximatives auxquelles sont soumis les mat\'{e}riaux granuleux ou les poudres s'\'{e}coulant dans une tr\^{e}mie. Celle-ci permet de conna\^{i}tre les facteurs critiques assurant un \'{e}coulement gravitique continu. Le champ de force naissant lors de l'\'{e}coulement massique, a \'{e}t\'{e} d\'{e}riv\'{e} en consid\'{e}rant les forces agissant sur les couches \'{e}l\'{e}mentaires produites simultan\'{e}ment \`{a} l'int\'{e}rieur de l\'{e}coulement et sur les parois du syst\`{e}me. De m\^{e}me que Jenike, qui n'a trouv\'{e} de solution exacte qu'au probl\`{e}me de la force des sorties, quand on consid\`{e}re la partie inf\'{e}rieure, on suppose que la force s'exer\c{c}ant sur la poudre n'est fonction que des forces locales, pr\'{e}pond\'{e}rantes lors de l'\'{e}coulement. Il a cependant \'{e}t\'{e} tenu compte de la tension de surface verticale qui peut se d\'{e}velopper \`{a} proximit\'{e} d'une paroi inclin\'{e}e lisse. En cons\'{e}quence la solution id\'{e}ale pour ces syst\`{e}mes, solution d\'{e}duite des caract\'{e}ristiques dynamiques des mat\'{e}riaux est certainement de disposer des parois inclin\'{e}es dont l'incinaison s'accentue au fur et \`{a} mesure que l'on s'approche de la sortie. Zusammenfassung Eine einfache Theorie wird entwickelt, wonach Richtwerte f\"{u}r die Spannungen innerhalb eines granularen Materials oder Pulver, das in F\"{u}lltrichtersystemen fliesst, sowie kritische Faktoren zur Sicherung kontinuierlicher Fallstr\"{o}mung, erhalten werden. Die Spannungsfelder w\"{a}hrend der Messenstr\"{o}mung wurden unter Ber\"{u}cksichtigung der Kr\"{a}fte erhalten, die auf die Elementarteilchen einwirken, welche gleichzeitig unter sich selbst und entlang der F\"{u}lltrichterw\"{a}nde nachgeben. In \"{u}bereinstimmung mit Jenike, der eine genaue L\"{o}sung der Spannungsprobleme einzig f\"{u}r die F\"{u}lltrichterausg\"{a}nge gegeben hat, wird bei der Betrachtung der Verspannung angenommen, dass die Pulverst\"{a}rke nur von den \"{o}rtlichen Spannungen, die w\"{a}hrend der vorausgehenden Str\"{o}mung vorherrschten, bestimmt wird. Nun wurde aber auch die Wirkung der begrenzten Vertikalschubspannung, die in der N\"{a}he einer steilen, glatten Wand auftreten kann, auf die potentielle Verspannungsweite in Betracht gezogen. Demzufolge wird der ideale F\"{u}lltrichter, der auf Grund der Charakteristiken von Materialst\"{a}rke und Spannungen ausgelegt worden ist,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652639},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mair, Frye, Marone - 2002 - Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4DTT8YV-1/2/fe55230d9c6b423d2480f55288208fa3},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444PFK5-94/2/03a54ecfaffe38201be58f61de120c45},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.135},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, experiments, flow, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, optical, particle, piv, plug, powder, technique},
	number = {2},
	pages = {2219-2219+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mair, Frye, Marone - 2002 - Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones.pdf},
	volume = {107},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		optics,
		particle,
		piv,
		plug,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 567
@book{empty0000edem,

	author = {EMPTY},
	title = {EDEM 2.2 User Guide},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;This paper presents a numerical technique for the analysis of the cone penetration test by means of the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The von Mises yield criterion with its associated flow rule is assumed to model the plastic behaviour of elastoplastic undrained clays. An explicit finite element scheme is used to efficiently perform a large number of loading increments and to simplify the treatment of contact. An Arbitrary Langrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme is adopted to preserve the quality of mesh throughout the numerical simulation. A volumetric weighting algorithm adjusts the relative positions of nodes after each loading increment. This prevents mesh over distortion and allows the simulation to run continuously. The variation of the cone resistance is examined in relation to various parameters such as the in situ stress state, shaft and cone face roughness, and the material strength when steady state conditions have been reached. The trends of these variations are highlighted and compared with those found by other researchers. This technique can be extended to analyse the plastic behaviour of elastoplastic sands often modelled using either the Drucker–Prager yield criterion or a critical state model.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652638},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/DEM Solutions - 2009 - EDEM 2.2 User Guide.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-006-0005-9},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V29-40RTKJH-7/2/0049278abe26265ba260ec0bc2b20273},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s11440-006-0005-9
 | 
{DEM Solutions}},
	doi = {10.1007/s11440-006-0005-9},
	journal = {Acta Geotechnica},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Edinburgh},
	number = {1},
	pages = {149-149+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:41},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/DEM Solutions - 2009 - EDEM 2.2 User Guide.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 568
@article{geldart0000characterisation,

	author = {Geldart, D. and Abdullah, E. C. and Verlinden},
	title = {Characterisation of dry powders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652637},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Geldart, Abdullah, Verlinden - 2009 - Characterisation of dry powders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v77/p274},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.274},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {70-74+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Geldart, Abdullah, Verlinden - 2009 - Characterisation of dry powders.pdf},
	volume = {190},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 569
@article{abdelfattah0000numerical,

	author = {Abdelfattah, M. T. and Moore, I. and Abdelfattah, T. T.},
	title = {A numerical investigation into the behavior of ground-supported concrete silos filled with saturated solids},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper introduces a finite-element solution for simulating the filling process of ground-supported concrete silos filled with saturated granular material. An elasto-plastic axisymmetric finite-element model is used to represent both the granular material and the concrete silo. The interaction between the two materials is modeled using interface elements to allow for relative movement. The filling process is idealized via a multi-stage numerical technique capable of repre- senting both undrained and drained conditions for the granular material. The effects of the relative stiffness between the foundation and wall are examined, as are the boundary conditions at the top of the structure (the roof details). Depending on the drainage properties of the stored material, the effect of the filling process may be time-dependent. The excess pore water pressure resulting from the filling process may cause a substantial increase in the hoop stresses in the wall. The predicted internal forces may be influenced by the foundation rigidity, but not by the boundary condition at the top of the wall. The results of these analyses may be used to design experiments to evaluate existing silos, or to develop filling strategies to minimize loads on existing structures.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652636},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Abdelfattah, Moore, Abdelfattah - 2006 - A numerical investigation into the behavior of ground-supported concrete silos filled with saturated solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/10618560902754932},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-48CPFT3-H/2/11c6b8453430cb13f65fbcc2dd47b963},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
axial load in walls is higher for drained condition due to the increase in the relative vertical movement between the ensiled material and the wall at the interface, resulting from the settlement of the ensiled material due to consolidation},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, boundary, conditions, consolidation, database, dem, elasto-plastic, finite-element, foundation, jin, jps, lling, model, oois, piv, powder, rigidity, silo},
	number = {13},
	pages = {3723-3738+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Abdelfattah, Moore, Abdelfattah - 2006 - A numerical investigation into the behavior of ground-supported concrete silos filled with saturated solids.pdf},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		consolidation,
		dem,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		fem,
		foundation,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		rigidity,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 570
@proceedings{vietor0000mixtures,

	title = {Mixtures of rolling and non-rolling circular disks studied at high shear strains},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Vietor, T.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652635},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Mixtures of rolling and non-rolling circular disks studied at high shear strains},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 571
@article{li0000gasparticle,

	author = {Li, J. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Gas-particle interactions in dense gas-fluidized beds},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652634},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Kuipers - 2003 - Gas-particle interactions in dense gas-fluidized beds.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Mixture of rolling and non-rolling circular disks studied at high shear strains
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 30
Export Date: 29 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {3-6},
	pages = {711-718+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Kuipers - 2003 - Gas-particle interactions in dense gas-fluidized beds.pdf},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 572
@article{rognon0000rheophysics,

	author = {Rognon, P. G. and Roux and Wolf, D. and Naa\~{A}¯m, M. and Chevoir},
	title = {Rheophysics of cohesive granular materials},
	journal = {Europhysics Letters (EPL)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Pneumatic conveying, employing the dense phase plug flow regimen, is largely used to transport bulk solids. This process permits the conveying of large amounts of material in economical manner with less particle and pipe degradation compared to dilute phase conveying. By using an experimental system with special measurement devices and different materials of construction and transport, the friction between the material being transported and the pipe wall, the actual motion of the particles was determined, and the degree of fluidization were estimated. This information permits more accurate modeling of dense phase plug flow providing basic parameters to insert in existing and developing models. Author Keywords: Friction; Dense phase; Pneumatic conveying; Plug flow},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652633},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rognon et al. - 2006 - Rheophysics of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003969740/en/},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-49W5CD4-1/2/cd38ffafc72077fc159daa84b9ab8920},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {644-650+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rognon et al. - 2006 - Rheophysics of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 573
@article{luding0000discrete_1,

	author = {Luding, S. and Matuttis, H. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Discrete element simulations of dense packings and heaps made of spherical and non-spherical particles},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This contribution sets the focal point on the macroscopic impact of microscopic boundary conditions of discrete granular assemblies. We propose a two scale homogenization approach, containing a micro and a macro level. The microscale, describing the mechanical behavior of the single grains, is modeled by a discrete element method. On the macroscale, a continuum is assumed, discretized by a standard finite element method. Each point on the macroscale is assumed to have a corresponding micro structure, linked by the concept of a representative volume element. As a representative quantity, we focus on the Reynolds principle of dilatancy. Representative numerical examples include a slope-stability test as well as a bi-axial compression test.},
	booktitle = {ECCOMAS Multidisciplinary Jubilee Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652632},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding, Matuttis, Herrmann - 2000 - Discrete element simulations of dense packings and heaps made of spherical and non-spherical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9231-2\_9},
	comment = {PDF, SANDPILE
 | 
10.1007/978-1-4020-9231-2\_9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-9231-2\_9},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, friction, jin, jps, modeling, non-spherical, numerical, oois, particles, piv, powder, sandpiles},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {278-292+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding, Matuttis, Herrmann - 2000 - Discrete element simulations of dense packings and heaps made of spherical and non-spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		nonspheric,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 574
@article{louge0000anomalous,

	author = {Louge, M. Y. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {Anomalous behavior of normal kinematic restitution in the oblique impacts of a hard sphere on an elastoplastic plate},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report sets of precise and reproducible measurements on the static pressure at the bottom of a granular column. We make a quantitative analysis of the pressure saturation when the column height is increased. We evidence a great sensitivity of the measurements with the global packing fraction and the eventual presence of shear bands at the boundaries. We also show the limit of the classical Janssen model and discuss these experimental results under the scope of recently proposed theoretical frameworks.},
	address = {Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652631},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Louge, Adams - 2002 - Anomalous behavior of normal kinematic restitution in the oblique impacts of a hard sphere on an elastoplastic plate.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0207(20000730)48:9\%3C1285::AID-NME825\%3E3.0.CO;2-H},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1002/1097-0207(20000730)48:9<1285::AID-NME825>3.0.CO;2-H},
	doi = {10.1002/1097-0207(20000730)48:9\%3C1285::AID-NME825\%3E3.0.CO;2-H},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {6-11+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Louge, Adams - 2002 - Anomalous behavior of normal kinematic restitution in the oblique impacts of a hard sphere on an elastoplastic plate.pdf},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 575
@article{lu0000numerical,

	author = {Lu, Z. and Negi, S. C. and Jofriet, J. C.},
	title = {A numerical model for flow of granular materials in silos. Part 1: Model development},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate the Green function of two-dimensional dense random packings of grains in order to discriminate between the different theories of stress transmission in granular materials. Our computer simulations allow for a detailed quantitative investigation of the dynamics which is difficult to obtain experimentally. We show that both hyperbolic and parabolic models of stress transmission fail to predict the correct stress distribution in the studied region of the parameters space. We demonstrate that the compressional and shear components of the stress compare very well with the predictions of isotropic elasticity for a wide range of pressures and porosities and for both frictional and frictionless packings. However, the states used in this study do not include the critical isostatic point for frictional particles, so that our results do not preclude the fact that corrections to elasticity may appear at the critical point of jamming, or for other sample preparation protocols, as discussed in the main text. We show that the agreement holds in the bulk of the packings as well as at the boundaries and we validate the linear dependence of the stress profile width with depth.},
	address = {Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652630},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lu, Negi, Jofriet - 1997 - A numerical model for flow of granular materials in silos. Part 1 Model development.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745584615\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
12928941 (ISSN)
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus
doi: 10.1140/epje/i2006-10012-6
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Gland, N.; Levich Institute and Physics Department; City College of New York New York, NY 10031, United States
Chemicals/CAS: Powders
References: Mehta, A., Halsey, T.C., Proceedings of the workshop "challenges in granular physics" (2001) Adv. Complex Syst., 4, p. 287; Smid, J., Novosad, J., Proceedings of the powtech conference 1981 (1981) Ind. Chem. Eng. Symp., 63, pp. D3V1; Brockbank, R., Huntley, J.M., Ball, R.C., (1997) J. Phys. II, 7, p. 1521; Vanel, L., (1999) Phys. Rev. E, 60, pp. R5040; Vanel, L., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 1439; Bouchaud, J.-P., Cates, M.E., Claudin, P., (1995) J. Phys. I, 5, p. 639; Coppersmith, S.N., (1996) Phys. Rev. E., 53, p. 4673; Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M., (1970) The Theory of Elasticity, , Pergamon, Oxford; Claudin, P., (1998) Phys. Rev. E, 57, p. 4441; De Gennes, P.G., (1999) Rev. Mod. Phys., 71, p. 374; Reydellet, G., Clement, E., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 3308; Geng, J., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 035506; Atman, A.P.F., (2005) Eur. Phys. J. E, 17, p. 93; Da Silva, M., Rajchenbach, J., (2000) Nature, 406, p. 708; Geng, J., (2003) Physica D, 182, p. 274; Head, D.A., (2001) Eur. Phys. J. E, 6, p. 99; Breton, L., (2002) Europhys. Lett., 60, p. 813; R., da Silveira et al., cond-mat/0208214 (2002); Moukarzel, C.F., (2004) Granular Matter, 6, p. 61; Goldenberg, C., Goldhirsch, I., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, p. 084302; Roux, J.-N., (2002) Eur. Phys. J. E, 7, p. 297; Wyart, M., (2005) Phys. Rev. E, 72, p. 051306; Mueggenburg, N.W., (2002) Phys. Rev. E, 66, p. 031304; M.J. Spanauth et al., cond-mat/0308580 (2003); Bonamy, D., (2003) Phys. Rev. E, 68, p. 042301; Otto, M., (2003) Phys. Rev. E, 67, p. 031302; A.P.F. Atman, P. Claudin, cond-mat/0310564 (2003); Serero, D., (2001) Eur. Phys. J. E, 6, p. 169; Silbert, L.E., (2002) Phys. Rev. E, 66, p. 061303; Somfai, E., (2005) Phys. Rev. E, 72, p. 021301; Johnson, K.L., (1985) Contact Mechanics, , Cambridge University Press; Makse, H.A., Gland, N., Johnson, D.L., Schwartz, L.M., (2004) Phys. Rev. E, 70, p. 061302; Alexander, S., (1998) Phys. Rep., 296, p. 65; Edwards, S.F., Grinev, D.V., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, p. 5397; Tkachenko, A., Witten, T.A., (1999) Phys. Rev. E, 60, p. 687; Ball, R.C., Blumenfeld, R., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, p. 115505; Zhang, H.P., Makse, H.A., (2005) Phys. Rev. E, 72, p. 011301; Bernal, J.D., Mason, J., (1960) Nature, 188, p. 910; Donev, A., (2004) Science, 303, p. 990; Nowak, E.R., (1998) Phys. Rev. E, 57, p. 1971; Radjai, F., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, p. 274; Rintoul, M.D., Torquato, S., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, p. 4198; Leonforte, F., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 014203; O'Hern, C.S., (2003) Phys. Rev. E, 68, p. 011306.},
	old_keywords = {aarons, algorithm, computer, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, powders, simulation},
	number = {3},
	pages = {223-229+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lu, Negi, Jofriet - 1997 - A numerical model for flow of granular materials in silos. Part 1 Model development.pdf},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 576
@article{van0000discrete,

	author = {Van Nierop, M. A. and Glover, G. and Hinde, A. L. and Moys, M. H.},
	title = {A discrete element method investigation of the charge motion and power draw of an experimental two-dimensional mill},
	journal = {Int. J. Miner. Process.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652629},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {77-92+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 577
@proceedings{uchida0000simulation,

	title = {A DEM simulation of debris flow.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Uchida, Y. and Hakuno, M.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652628},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A DEM simulation of debris flow.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 578
@article{haaker0000influence,

	author = {Haaker, G.},
	title = {The influence of consolidation on shear test results},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652627},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Haaker - 1987 - The influence of consolidation on shear test results.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v68/p1259},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
RMP
 | 
10.1103/RevModPhys.68.1259},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {231-236+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Haaker - 1987 - The influence of consolidation on shear test results.pdf},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 579
@article{johanson0000placement,

	author = {Johanson, J. R.},
	title = {The placement of inserts to correct flow in bins},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Triangular and square inserts were placed at different heights within a tall observation bunker of rectangular cross-section. The profiles of normal and shear stresses along the side walls of the bunker were obtained experimentally by using specially designed load cells that produce simultaneous readings of stresses at a number of fixed positions. These load cells make use of bending strains of fixed struts which renders them sensitive to very small loads.The experimental wall stress profiles obtained during batch-filling and steady-state discharge of materials are compared with the predictions based on Janssen-Walker theory. Substantial agreement with theory is reported. The wall stress jumps produced by the inserts are compared with the prediction of an analysis similar to Walters' Switch Stress Analysis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652626},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson - 1967 - The placement of inserts to correct flow in bins.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v81/p1841},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444NYBH-7S/2/5c7238143b13900b33b55e7069bc9dae},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1841},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {9},
	pages = {328-333+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson - 1967 - The placement of inserts to correct flow in bins.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 580
@article{jiang0000efficient,

	author = {Jiang, M. J. and Konrad, J. M. and Leroueil, S.},
	title = {An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies},
	journal = {Computers and Geotechnics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Recent simulations have predicted that near jamming for collections of spherical particles, there will be a discontinuous increase in the mean contact number Z at a critical volume fraction c. Above c, Z and the pressure P are predicted to increase as power laws in - c. In experiments using photoelastic disks we corroborate a rapid increase in Z at c and power-law behavior above c for Z and P. Specifically we find a power-law increase as a function of - c for Z-Zc with an exponent ? around 0.5, and for P with an exponent ? around 1.1. These exponents are in good agreement with simulations. We also find reasonable agreement with a recent mean-field theory for frictionless particles. ?2007 The American Physical Society.},
	address = {Technische Universiteit Delft, DelftChemTech, Nanostructured Materials, Julianlaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652625},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jiang, Konrad, Leroueil - 2003 - An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846565928\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444NYBH-7R/2/07b311734ee15b56d8f65a5587fa22d5},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Export Date: 20 March 2007
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: 058001},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, distinct, element, generation, homogeneity, jin, jps, method, numerical, oois, piv, powder, simulation, specimen},
	number = {7},
	pages = {579-597+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jiang, Konrad, Leroueil - 2003 - An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		homogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 581
@article{tuzun0000flow,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Houlsby, G. T. and Nedderman, R. M. and Savage, S. B.},
	title = {The flow of granular materials 11: Velocity distributions in slow flow.},
	journal = {Chern. Eng. Sci.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652624},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1691-1709+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 582
@article{megiasalguacil0000capillary_1,

	author = {Megias-Alguacil, D. and Gauckler, L. J.},
	title = {Capillary Forces Between Two Solid Spheres Linked by a Concave Liquid Bridge: Regions of Existence and Forces Mapping},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp; Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been adapted for use in measuring particle displacement and velocity fields in granular flows.  ” Seeding” is achieved by using light and dark particles. The granular flow adjacent to a clear bounding wall is illuminated with a strobe, and the recorded images are analyzed using standard PIV techniques. The application is demonstrated by measuring convection rolls in a granular bed undergoing vertical oscillations. The PIV measured displacement is consistent with displacement of a marked layer of particles.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652623},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gauckler - 2009 - Capillary Forces Between Two Solid Spheres Linked by a Concave Liquid Bridge Regions of Existence and Forces Mapping.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050023},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-446D10G-5N/2/7286c1ac113bb7d204d031424824fb7b},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s003480050023},
	doi = {10.1007/s003480050023},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, capillary, database, dem, force, jin, jps, laplace, liquid, nanoparticle, oois, piv, powder, wetting},
	number = {5},
	pages = {183-186+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gauckler - 2009 - Capillary Forces Between Two Solid Spheres Linked by a Concave Liquid Bridge Regions of Existence and Forces Mapping.pdf},
	volume = {55},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		dem,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		laplace,
		liquid,
		nanoparticle,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		wetting,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 583
@article{masson0000effect,

	author = {Masson, S. and Martinez, J.},
	title = {Effect of particle mechanical properties on silo flow and stresses from distinct element simulations},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {— Recent simulations using the particle dynamics method (PDM) have successfully captured many features of natural faults zones as illuminated in laboratory studies. However, 2-D simulations conducted on idealized assemblages of particles using simple elastic-frictional contact laws, yield friction values considerably lower than natural materials, and lack time- and velocity-dependent changes in strength that influence dynamic fault slip. Here, preliminary results of new PDM simulations are described, in which particle motions are restricted as a proxy for particle interlocking and out of plane contacts, and time-dependent contact healing is introduced to capture temporal strengthening of granular assemblages. Frictional strength is increased, and in the absence of interparticle rolling, can attain values observed in the laboratory. The resulting mechanical behavior is qualitatively similar to that described by empirically-based rate-state friction laws, providing new physical insight into the discrete mechanics of natural faults.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652622},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Masson, Martinez - 2000 - Effect of particle mechanical properties on silo flow and stresses from distinct element simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444P5R1-NX/2/53d8deae02b93122f11dfe6f76645549},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y},
	doi = {10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y},
	old_keywords = {aarons, background, base, classical, coefficient, contact, continuum, database, dem, discrete, friction, generally, granular, homogeneity, in, introduction, jin, jps, material, matter, methods, modelling, of, on, oois, piv, powder, silos, stiffness, stresses, wall},
	number = {9},
	pages = {164-178+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Masson, Martinez - 2000 - Effect of particle mechanical properties on silo flow and stresses from distinct element simulations.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		continuum,
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		granular,
		homogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		matter,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		stiffness,
		stress,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 584
@article{may0000rolling,

	author = {May, W. D. and Morris, E. L. and Atack, D.},
	title = {Rolling friction of a hard cylinder over a viscoelastic material},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The vertical force exerted on discs, spheres and horizontal square bars in test bins was measured during gravity flow of bulk solids. Approximate methods for estimating the vertical force on such objects were developed from the equation which expressed the stress in a conical mass flow hopper. With three adjustable parameters, good agreement was obtained between experimental and computed results for discs, provided the disc diameter was more that five times as large as the particle diameter. Identical parameters for a given material were found to be applicable in analyses for spheres and horizontal square bars.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652621},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/May, Morris, Atack - 1959 - Rolling friction of a hard cylinder over a viscoelastic material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B1YM-2M/2/f738a142aa9d480dd5988987fdbf5833},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
PFC3D - Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions, Version 3.0},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Minneapolis, USA},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1713-1713+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/May, Morris, Atack - 1959 - Rolling friction of a hard cylinder over a viscoelastic material.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 585
@article{johnson0000surface,

	author = {Johnson, K. L. and Kendall, K. and Roberts, A. D.},
	title = {Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper discusses the influence of surface energy on the contact between elastic solids.Equations are derived for its effect upon the contact size and the force of adhesion between two lightly loaded spherical solid surfaces. The theory is supported by experiments carried out on the contact of rubber and gelatine spheres.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652620},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Kendall, Roberts - 1971 - Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-76949083332\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=5534b2981ebda0544f38ad4c4a0ed2d5},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440YYC9-G8/2/bdd2486d4d7c776850ec281cd1660fa0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 28 June 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1558},
	pages = {301-313+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Kendall, Roberts - 1971 - Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids.pdf},
	volume = {324},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 586
@article{di0000comparison,

	author = {Di Renzo, A. and Di Maio, F. P.},
	title = {Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Numerical simulation, in which the motion of individual particles was calculated, was performed of a two-dimensional gas-fluidized bed. Contact forces between particles are modeled by Cundall's Distinct Element Method (P.A. Cundall and O.D.L. Strack, Geotechnique, 29 (1979) 47), which expresses the forces with the use of a spring, dash-pot and friction slider. The gas was assumed to be inviscid and its flow was solved simultaneously with the motion of particles, taking into account the interaction between particles and gas. The simulation gives realistic pictures of particle motion. Formation of bubbles and slugs and the process of particle mixing were observed to occur in the same way as in experiments. The calculated pressure fluctuations compared well with measurements.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652619},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Renzo, Di Maio - 2004 - Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027573916\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=43bb56916430d6fabed5af1dc1076ec6},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4410184-JT/2/fdb6655b426c846c1f5026638973e37a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 5
Export Date: 25 May 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
{Di Renzo}
{Di Maio}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {525-541+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Di Renzo, Di Maio - 2004 - Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes.pdf},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 587
@article{gerberich0000physics,

	author = {Gerberich, W. W. and Cordill, M. J.},
	title = {Physics of adhesion},
	journal = {Reports on Progress in Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The distribution of normal forces at the boundaries of static packings of spheres was investigated and the effect of spatial ordering on the distribution of forces was analyzed. The probability distribution decayed exponentially at large forces and showed a small peak near the average force. However, it does not depend on crystallinity or interparticle friction.},
	address = {James Franck Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652618},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gerberich, Cordill - 2006 - Physics of adhesion.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0008635162\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 58
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {2157-2203+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gerberich, Cordill - 2006 - Physics of adhesion.pdf},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 588
@article{schott0000largescale,

	author = {Schott, D.},
	title = {Large-scale homogenization in mammoth silos: calculating homogenization efficiency and modeling input properties},
	journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652617},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schott - 2003 - Large-scale homogenization in mammoth silos calculating homogenization efficiency and modeling input properties.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4X1XYMR-1/2/ab1af640bbce16f9f2c0c0063adf127b},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.07.009},
	old_keywords = {3d, aarons, clay, database, dem, element, factor, finite, interface, jin, jps, load, method, of, oois, piled, piv, powder, raft, safety, sharing, slip, soft},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {179-199+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schott - 2003 - Large-scale homogenization in mammoth silos calculating homogenization efficiency and modeling input properties.pdf},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		3d,
		aarons,
		clay,
		dem,
		interface,
		jin,
		jps,
		load,
		oois,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		raft,
		safety,
		shearing,
		slip,
		soft,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 589
@article{tomiczek0000computer,

	author = {Tomiczek, K.},
	title = {Computer simulation of an uniaxial compression test of a granular rock sample [Symulacja pr骲y jednoosiowego s?ciskania pro?bki ziarnistego materia?u skalnego]},
	journal = {Prace Naukowe Instytutu Geotechniki I Hydrotechniki Politechniki Wroclawskiej},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652616},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {40},
	pages = {505+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 590
@proceedings{tom0000finite,

	title = {Finite element and discrete element modeling for the solution of spatial active earth pressure problems},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {tom Woerden, F. and Achmus, M. and Abdel-Rahman, K.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652615},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Finite element and discrete element modeling for the solution of spatial active earth pressure problems},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 591
@book{toffoli0000cellularautornata,

	author = {Toffoli, T. and Margolus, N.},
	title = {CellularAutornata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling.},
	publisher = {MIT Press, USA},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652614},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 592
@proceedings{ting0000strength,

	title = {Strength behavior of granular materials using discrete numerical modeling.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ting, J. M. and Corkum, B. T.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Numerical Models in Geomechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652613},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Strength behavior of granular materials using discrete numerical modeling.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Innsbruck, Austria, 305-310},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 593
@article{ting0000robust,

	author = {Ting, J. M.},
	title = {A robust algorithm for ellipse-based discrete element modelling of granular materials.},
	journal = {Comput. and Geotech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652612},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {175-186+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 594
@article{forsyth0000effect,

	author = {Forsyth, A. J. and Hutton, S. and Rhodes, M. J.},
	title = {Effect of cohesive interparticle force on the flow characteristics of granular material},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present MD simulations of shear cells of a densily packed array of polygonal grains in two dimensions. We study the dependence of the shear force on the shear velocity. Generally shear hardening is observed. The dependence of the dilatancy on the shear velocity is measured. We also apply the method to simulate two tectonic plates moving under shear. We find a Gutenberg-Richter-like law with a b-value of (1.02 ± 0.06) in good agreement with geophysical measurements. Shear bands of widths dependent on the confining pressure and the shear velocity are observed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652611},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Forsyth, Hutton, Rhodes - 2002 - Effect of cohesive interparticle force on the flow characteristics of granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/9/559/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3YCMMSF-2C/2/174dc5dcaece4b4d82e4a7787c8dd6b1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, atomic, database, deformation, dem, flow, force, granular, internal, interparticle, jin, jps, materials, microscope, non-newtonian, oois, particle, photoelasticity, piv, powder, reviews, rheology, shear, size, slip, stick, stresses},
	number = {2},
	pages = {150-154+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Forsyth, Hutton, Rhodes - 2002 - Effect of cohesive interparticle force on the flow characteristics of granular material.pdf},
	volume = {126},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		atomic,
		deformation,
		dem,
		flow,
		force,
		granular,
		internal,
		interparticle,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		microscopy,
		nonnewtonian,
		oois,
		particle,
		photoelasticity,
		piv,
		powder,
		rheology,
		shear,
		slip,
		stick,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 595
@article{tillemann0000simulating,

	author = {Tillemann, H. J. and Henmann, H. J.},
	title = {Simulating deformations of granular solids under shear},
	journal = {Physica A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652610},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {261-288.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {217},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 596
@article{throop0000numerical,

	author = {Throop, G. J. and Bearman, R. J.},
	title = {Numerical solutions of the Percus-Yevick equation for the hardsphere potential.},
	journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652609},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {2408-2411+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 597
@article{monama0000modelling,

	author = {Monama, G. M. and Moys, M. H.},
	title = {DEM modelling of the dynamics of mill startup},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The relationship between measured friction 渭 A and volumetric strain during frictional sliding was determined using a rate and state variable dependent friction constitutive equation, a common work balance relating friction and volume change, and two types of experimental faults: initially bare surfaces of Westerly granite and rock surfaces separated by a 1 mm layer of < 90 渭m Westerly granite gouge. The constitutive equation is the sum of a constant term representing the nominal resistance to sliding and two smaller terms: a rate dependent term representing the shear viscosity of the fault surface (direct effect), and a term which represents variations in the area of contact (evolution effect). The work balance relationship requires that 渭 A differs from the frictional resistance that leads to shear heating by the derivative of fault normal displacement with respect shear displacement, d未 n /d未 s . An implication of this relationship is that the rate dependence of d未 n /d未 s contributes to the rate dependence of 渭 A . Experiments show changes in sliding velocity lead to changes in both fault strength and volume. Analysis of data with the rate and state equations combined with the work balance relationship preclude the conventional interpretation of the direct effect in the rate and state variable constitutive equations. Consideration of a model bare surface fault consisting of an undeformable indentor sliding on a deformable surface reveals a serious flaw in the work balance relationship if volume change is time-dependent. For the model, at zero slip rate indentation creep under the normal load leads to time-dependent strengthening of the fault surface but, according to the work balance relationship, no work is done because compaction or dilatancy can only be induced by shearing. Additional tests on initially bare surfaces and gouges show that fault normal strain in experiments is time-dependent, consistent with the model. This time-dependent fault normal strain, which is not accounted for in the work balance relationship, explains the inconsistency between the constitutive equations and the work balance. For initially bare surface faults, all rate dependence of volume change is due to time dependence. Similar results are found for gouge. We conclude that 渭 A reflects the frictional resistance that results in shear heating, and no correction needs to be made for the volume changes. The result that time-dependent volume changes do not contribute to 渭 A is a general result and extends beyond these experiments, the simple indentor model and particular constitutive equations used to illustrate the principle.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652608},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Monama, Moys - 2002 - DEM modelling of the dynamics of mill startup.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JB01828},
	comment = {PDF, DEM AND SHEAR TEST
 | 
10.1029/97JB01828},
	doi = {10.1029/97JB01828},
	old_keywords = {aarons, comminution, database, dem, grinding, jin, jps, modelling, oois, piv, powder, simulation},
	number = {7},
	pages = {487-492+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Monama, Moys - 2002 - DEM modelling of the dynamics of mill startup.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		comminution,
		dem,
		grinding,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 598
@article{thornton0000impact,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Yin, K. K.},
	title = {Impact of elastic spheres with and without adhesion.},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652607},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {153- 166+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 599
@book{thornton0000applications_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Randall, C. W.},
	title = {Applications of theoretical contact mechanics to solid particle system simulation.},
	publisher = {In Micromeclmnics of Granular Materials, Satake, M. and Jenkins, J.T. (Eds.), Elsevier, 133-142.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652606},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 600
@article{thornton0000contact_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Ning, Z. and Wu, C. Y. and Nasrullah, M. and Li, L. Y.},
	title = {Contact Mechanics and Coefficients of Restitution},
	journal = {Granular Gases, Edited by T. P\"{o}schel and S. Luding, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 564, p.184},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We assume that the energy dissipated during collisions between solid bodies is due to plastic deformation at the contact. The normal and tangential interactions between elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic spheres are discussed. For elastic-perfectly plastic spheres an analytical solution for the normal coefficient of resitution is presented which is velocity dependent. The predicted rebound kinematics for oblique impacts of elastic spheres are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data. Comparisons between predictions and experimental data for oblique impacts of elastoplastic spheres are only in agreement if sliding occurs throughout the impact duration.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652605},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 601
@article{urso0000twodimensional,

	author = {Urso, M. E. D. and Lawrence, C. J. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {A two-dimensional study of the rupture of funicular liquid bridges},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Granular dynamics (DEM) simulations of a polydisperse cuboidal agglomerate impacting with a target wall are reported. The paper focuses on identifying the physical processes that lead to fracture. It is shown that fracture is the result of the manner in which strong interparticle forces are transmitted into the agglomerate and the consequent development of a heterogeneous distribution of primary particle velocities. This heterogeneous velocity field produces strong velocity discontinuities along which shear weakening occurs. Consequently, the strong velocity discontinuities become the potential fracture planes.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652604},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Urso, Lawrence, Adams - 2002 - A two-dimensional study of the rupture of funicular liquid bridges.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4CRY767-5/2/64d753dc3ea5119de06e8852e4b5d911},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {bridge, capillary, database, dem, force, interface, jin, jps, liquid, mathematical, modelling, oois, particle, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {677-692+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Urso, Lawrence, Adams - 2002 - A two-dimensional study of the rupture of funicular liquid bridges.pdf},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		bridge,
		capillary,
		dem,
		force,
		interface,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		mathematics,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 602
@article{van0000profile,

	author = {van Honschoten, J. W. and Tas, N. R. and Elwenspoek, M.},
	title = {The profile of a capillary liquid bridge between solid surfaces},
	journal = {American Journal of Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A fully 3D discrete element method (DEM)-based particle-continuum fluid model of a fluidised bed employed in simulation of gas-solid fluidization was presented. The pressure drop-superficial gas velocity characteristics of the 2D and 3d beds with the pressure drops normalized to the bed weight or equilibrium pressure drops of 3.56 kPa and 3.55 kPa, respectively were studied. The fluctuations in bed pressure drop and number of interparticle contacts during fluidization with a gas flow were also elaborated.},
	booktitle = {Geotechnical Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652603},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/van Honschoten, Tas, Elwenspoek - 2010 - The profile of a capillary liquid bridge between solid surfaces.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
3D DEM simulations of gas-solid fluidised beds},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {277-277+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/van Honschoten, Tas, Elwenspoek - 2010 - The profile of a capillary liquid bridge between solid surfaces.pdf},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 603
@article{thornton0000computer_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Barnes, D. J.},
	title = {Computer simulated deformation of compact granular assemblies.},
	journal = {Acta Mechanica},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652602},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {45-61+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 604
@proceedings{thornton0000mechanics,

	title = {On the mechanics of granular materials.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Thornton, C. and Barnes, D. J.},
	booktitle = {IUTAM Conf. on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652601},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
On the mechanics of granular materials.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Delft, 69-77},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 605
@article{sitharam0000micromechanical,

	author = {Sitharam, T. G. and Dinesh, S. V. and Shimizu, N.},
	title = {Micromechanical modelling of monotonic drained and undrained shear behaviour of granular media using three-dimensional DEM},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Summary  The paper is concerned with the mechanics of granular material under quasi-equilibrium conditions. The characterisation of the microstructure of granular material is discussed and the relationship between the microstructure and the stress tensor is examined. Results from computer simulated experiments on a large, initially random, dense assembly of different sized discs are used to investigate the evolution of both stress and structure. Two tests are reported: one a constant mean stress test and the other a constant volume test. It is shown that, although the two tests were subjected to different strain histories the degree of induced structural anisotropy evolved in an identical manner. The computer simulated tests show that there also exists a statical anisotropy due to the biased distribution of contact forces within an assembly. This also evolves in the same way for both tests reported. Consequently, the evolution of the angle of internal shearing resistance with strain is found to be unique. With 9 Figures},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652600},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sitharam, Dinesh, Shimizu - 2002 - Micromechanical modelling of monotonic drained and undrained shear behaviour of granular media using three-dimensional DEM.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QCP/23/277/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/BF01180097},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SHEAR TESTER},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compression, database, dem, digital, discrete, element, elements, imaging, jin, jps, micromechanics, microstructure, microstructures, modelling, models, oois, piv, powder, techniques, test, three-dimensional, triaxial},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1167-1189+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sitharam, Dinesh, Shimizu - 2002 - Micromechanical modelling of monotonic drained and undrained shear behaviour of granular media using three-dimensional DEM.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		micromechanics,
		microstructure,
		microstructure,
		model,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		3d,
		triaxial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 606
@article{barthel0000description,

	author = {Barthel, E.},
	title = {On the Description of the Adhesive Contact of Spheres with Arbitrary Interaction Potentials},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper focuses on the columnar particle structures known as force chains, and their failure via buckling. The local kinematics and frictional dissipation of this failure mechanism are examined quantitatively for dense, cohesionless granular assemblies, under quasistatic and strain-controlled compression. Data are taken from a physical experiment and a discrete element simulation of bidisperse assemblies of circular particles undergoing shear banding. Particular attention is paid to the deformation and dissipation within a class of particle clusters, each composed of a buckled force chain segment and its laterally supporting neighbours. These particle clusters are found to be confined to the shear band. We establish measures of their local micropolar deformation, including nonaffine deformation, and the evolution of these quantities with strain. Temporally and spatially, the kinematics of this class of particles exhibits trends consistent with the particle motions that form the major contributors to deformation on the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. The predominant mode of contact failure in a force chain undergoing buckling, and in the contacts with and within its laterally supporting neighbours, is frictional rolling. Rolling friction thus serves as one of, if not the main control valve for the energy flow from the force chain to its surrounding medium.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652599},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barthel - 1998 - On the Description of the Adhesive Contact of Spheres with Arbitrary Interaction Potentials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/17486020902767347},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-J/2/f9eb78e35db5f8690c2648d04275d6ad},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, contact, database, dem, elasticity, energy, fracture, jin, jps, linear, mechanics, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {7-18+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barthel - 1998 - On the Description of the Adhesive Contact of Spheres with Arbitrary Interaction Potentials.pdf},
	volume = {200},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		energy,
		fracture,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 607
@article{silbert0000granular_1,

	author = {Silbert, L. E. and Erta\r{A}\"{Y}, D. and Grest, G. S. and Halsey, T. C. and Levine, D. and Plimpton, S. J.},
	title = {Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652598},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Silbert et al. - 2001 - Granular flow down an inclined plane Bagnold scaling and rheology.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e228303},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Copyright (C) 2009 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {51302-51302+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:40},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Silbert et al. - 2001 - Granular flow down an inclined plane Bagnold scaling and rheology.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 608
@article{thornton0000numerical_2,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of discrete particle systems.},
	journal = {Powder Technology (Special Issue)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652597},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {1-298+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 609
@article{thornton0000coefficient,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {Coefficient of restitution for collinear collisions of elastic-perfectly plastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652596},
	comment = {Cited By: 53, Export Date: 26 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {383+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 610
@article{thornton0000interparticle,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {Interparticle sliding in the presence of adhesion.},
	journal = {J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652595},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1942- 1946+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 611
@proceedings{thornton0000applications_2,

	title = {Applications of DEM to process engineering problems.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings 1st U.S. Conference on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652594},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Applications of DEM to process engineering problems.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 612
@article{thomton0000quasistatic,

	author = {Thomton, C. and Antony, S. J.},
	title = {Quasi-static shear deformation of a soft particle B; system.},
	journal = {Powder Tech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652593},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {179-191+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 613
@article{thomas0000capturing,

	author = {Thomas, P. A. and Bray, J. D.},
	title = {Capturing nonspherical shape of granular media with disk clusters},
	journal = {ASCE J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652592},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {169 -178+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 614
@article{mustoe0000material,

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W. and Miyata, M.},
	title = {Material flow analyses of noncircular-shaped granular media using discrete element methods},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In saturated frictional geomaterials, shear bands occur as a result of local concentrations of plastic strains in small bands of finite width. Since in practice as well as in numerical simulations both the location of the onset and the direction of shear bands are generally unknown, time- and space-adaptive methods are an excellent tool to detect and to solve shear band problems. In the present contribution, the ill-posedness of the numerical computation of shear band phenomena is overcome by taking into account both the natural viscosity of the pore-fluid and the viscoplastic behaviour of the solid matrix.},
	address = {The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport TX, USA; The Dow Chemical Company, Midland MI, USA; Technical University Braunschweig, Germany},
	booktitle = {IUTAM Symposium on Theoretical and Numerical Methods in Continuum Mechanics of Porous Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652591},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mustoe, Miyata - 2001 - Material flow analyses of noncircular-shaped granular media using discrete element methods.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46953-7\_36},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390023},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/0-306-46953-7\_36},
	doi = {10.1007/0-306-46953-7\_36},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1017-1026+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mustoe, Miyata - 2001 - Material flow analyses of noncircular-shaped granular media using discrete element methods.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 615
@article{iveson0000nucleation,

	author = {Iveson, S.},
	title = {Nucleation, growth and breakage phenomena in agitated wet granulation processes: a review},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Grain and flour dusts can form explosive clouds and, because explosions from such clouds have caused some of the worst industrial accidents, it is necessary to draw public attention to this problem. Statistics of dust explosions in the United States show that more than 50\% of all explosions of combustible dusts have occurred in grain elevators and flour mills. Dusts from wheat and other grains, as well as from flour, ignite and propagate flames readily because the source of heat required is relatively small. The author analyzes conditions and causes of dust explosions to determine critical concentrations of dust and air and the temperatures necessary to ignite an explosion. He describes the effect and destruction of dust explosions in examples of recent disasters in the United States and Europe and recommends preventive measures, as well as structural features of building and plant, to avoid the many injuries and deaths, as well as material losses worth millions of dollars, resulting from such explosions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652590},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Iveson - 2001 - Nucleation, growth and breakage phenomena in agitated wet granulation processes a review.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/124/857/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B2M7-46/2/e0a0d7aa12547ceba5028997fbc88372},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, agglomerate, attrition, balling, breakage, consolidation, database, dem, granulation, growth, jin, jps, nucleation, oois, pelletisation, piv, powder, review, wetting},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {3-39+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Iveson - 2001 - Nucleation, growth and breakage phenomena in agitated wet granulation processes a review.pdf},
	volume = {117},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		agglomerate,
		attrition,
		breakage,
		consolidation,
		dem,
		granular,
		growth,
		jin,
		jps,
		nucleation,
		oois,
		pelletisation,
		piv,
		powder,
		wetting,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 616
@article{hui0000contact,

	author = {Hui, C. Y. and Baney, J. M. and Kramer, E. J.},
	title = {Contact Mechanics and Adhesion of Viscoelastic Spheres},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {ZusammenfassungDie nachstehenden Ausfurhrungen zeigen, da[ss] es moglich ist, in Silozellen durch geeignete konstruktive Ma[ss]nahmen der Trichterauslaufe schwerflie[ss]ende Schuttguter auch ohne Zuhilfenahme mechanischer Austragsvorrichtungen storungsfrei zum Ablauf zu bringen. Wichtig ist vor allem die zweckma[ss]ige Ausbildung der Trichterschragflachen, die glatt und steil genug sein mussen, um Massenflu[ss] herbeizufuhren. In Rechteck- und Quadratzellen sind die Schragflachen stets so anzuordnen, da[ss] sie immer nur mit einer senkrechten Wandflache zum Verschnitt kommen. Die beste den Ablauf fordernde Ma[ss]nahme ist die Auflockerung des Schuttgutes im unteren Zellenbereich. Zu diesem Zweck sind die im folgenden beschriebenen Trichterkonstruktionen entwickelt worden. Es ist jedoch zu erwarten, da[ss] in Zukunft auch noch weitere sinnreiche Trichterkonstruktionen erdacht werden, um den Ablauf von schwerflie[ss]enden Schuttgutern zu erleichtern.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652589},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hui, Baney, Kramer - 1998 - Contact Mechanics and Adhesion of Viscoelastic Spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/132/723/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P6C2-4Y/2/96963359635901ba6acd69334baf7bc8},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compression, database, dem, discrete, elements, granular, jin, jps, materials, micromechanics, oois, piv, powder, triaxial},
	number = {22},
	pages = {6570-6578+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hui, Baney, Kramer - 1998 - Contact Mechanics and Adhesion of Viscoelastic Spheres.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		triaxial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 617
@proceedings{terzaghi0000stress,

	title = {Stress distribution in dry and in saturated sand above a yielding trap-door.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Terzaghi, K.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652588},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Stress distribution in dry and in saturated sand above a yielding trap-door.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Cambridge, MA, 307-311.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 618
@article{kharaz0000study,

	author = {Kharaz, A. H. and Gorham, D. A.},
	title = {A study of the restitution coefficient in elastic-plastic impact},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In recent years a discussion could be followed where the pros and cons of the applicability of the Cosserat continuum model to granular materials were debated [Bardet, J.P., Vardoulakis, I., 2001. The asymmetry of stress in granular media. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38, 353-367; Kruyt, N.P., 2003. Static and kinematics of discrete Cosserat-type granular materials. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 511-534; Bagi, K., 2003. Discussion on "The asymmetry of stress in granular media". Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 1329-1331; Bardet, J.P., Vardoulakis, I. 2003a. Reply to discussion by Dr. Katalin Bagi. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 1035; Kuhn, M., 2003. Discussion on "The asymmetry of stress in granular media". Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 1805-1807; Bardet, J.P., Vardoulakis, I., 2003b. Reply to Dr. Kuhn's discussion. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 1809; Ehlers, W., Ramm, E., Diebels, S., D'Addetta, G.A., 2003. From particle ensembles to Cosserat continua: homogenization of contact forces towards stresses and couple stresses. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 6681-6702; Chang, C.S., Kuhn, M.R., 2005. On virtual work and stress in granular media. Int. J. Solids Struct. 42, 3773-3793]. The authors follow closely this debate and try, with this paper, to provide a platform where the various viewpoints could find their position. We consider an ensemble of rigid, arbitrarily shaped grains as a set with structure. We establish a basic mathematical framework which allows to express the balance laws and the action-reaction laws for the discrete system in a "global" form, through the concepts of "part", "granular surface", "separately additive function" and "flux". The independent variable in the balance laws is then the arbitrary part of the assembly rather than the single grain. A parallel framework is constructed for Cosserat continua, by applying the axiomatics established by [Noll, W., 1959. The foundation of classical mechanics in the light of recent advances in continuum mechanics. In: The axiomatic method, with special reference to Geometry and Physics, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam pp. 266-281, Gurtin, M.E., Williams, W.O., 1967. An axiomatic foundation of continuum thermodynamics. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 26, 83-117, Gurtin, M.E., Martins, L.C., 1976. Cauchy's theorem in classical physics. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 60, 305-324]. The comparison between the two realisations suggests the microscopic interpretation for some features of Cosserat Mechanics, among which the asymmetry of the Cauchy-stress tensor and the couple-stress.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652587},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham - 2000 - A study of the restitution coefficient in elastic-plastic impact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4JKJGJ4-2/2/c7545a93a6f271adba34b63125ae1978},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-41ST0K8-6/2/eb67fda65ee781fbd943c56a13b4807a},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, continua, cosserat, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, materials, measure, oois, piv, powder, theory},
	number = {8},
	pages = {549-559+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham - 2000 - A study of the restitution coefficient in elastic-plastic impact.pdf},
	volume = {80},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		continuum,
		cosserat,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 619
@article{kremmer0000method_2,

	author = {Kremmer, M. and Favier, J. F.},
	title = {A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling\^{a}€”part I: Geometry and contact detection},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652586},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2001 - A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling\^{a}€”part I Geometry and contact detection.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1007/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V59-40V4F13-3/2/95c35584e55febc3f7c3be1b552d8130},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, behavior, boundary, contact, database, de, dem, detection, developed, discrete, distinct, dynamic, element, explicit, field, finite, geometry, in, is, jin, jps, method, modelling, numerical, objects, of, oois, piv, powder, technique, the, wall, was, zn, zssembly},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1407-1421+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2001 - A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling\^{a}€”part I Geometry and contact detection.pdf},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		dynamics,
		geometry,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 620
@article{taylor0000sirnuladon,

	author = {Taylor, L. M. and Preece, D. S.},
	title = {Sirnuladon of blasting induced rock motion using spherical element models},
	journal = {Eng. Cotnputations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652585},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 621
@proceedings{tarurni0000simulation,

	title = {A DEM simulation for sand liquefaction.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Tarurni, Y. and Hakuno, M.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652584},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A DEM simulation for sand liquefaction.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 622
@article{tannant0000thin,

	author = {Tannant, D. D. and Wang, C.},
	title = {Thin tunnel liners modelled with particle flow code},
	journal = {Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652583},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, discrete, jin, manufacturing, modelling, numerical, oois},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {318+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		discrete,
		jin,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 623
@article{jaeger0000granular_1,

	author = {Jaeger, H. M. and Nagel, S. R. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Granular solids, liquids, and gases},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the system consisting of spheres of uniform size flowing downwards with a constant head through a vertical tube, the flow pattern and the void fraction of the descending particles were measured. The particles showed both a constant-velocity region in the central core of the bed and a shear region in the outer section of the core. On the basis of plasticity theory, the boundary surface between those two regions was approximately predicted with the aid of some assumptions. Concerning the void fraction of flowing solids, some interesting results were obtained and they were discussed by considering the "vibratory effect" that results from the random motion of individual particles in the shear region.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652582},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jaeger, Nagel, Behringer - 1996 - Granular solids, liquids, and gases.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B16M-Y/2/c26634931eefe6297ae1a565f0cdd6f7},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 18
Export Date: 20 March 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1259-1273+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jaeger, Nagel, Behringer - 1996 - Granular solids, liquids, and gases.pdf},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 624
@article{takagi0000impact,

	author = {Takagi, Y. and Mizutani, H. and Kawakami, S.},
	title = {Impact fragmentation experiments of basalts and pyrophyllites.},
	journal = {Icarus},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652581},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {462-477+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 625
@article{swan0000determination,

	author = {Swan, G.},
	title = {Determination of stiffness and other joint properties from roughness measurements.},
	journal = {Rock Mech. Rock Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652580},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {19-38+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 626
@article{sun0000numerical_1,

	author = {Sun, Y. and Vinogradov},
	title = {Numerical simulation of jamming of solid particles transported by fluid in planar channels.},
	journal = {Comput. Modeling \& Simulation in Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652579},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {27-32+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 627
@article{ooi0000finite,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and She, K. M.},
	title = {Finite element analysis of wall pressure in imperfect silos},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The soil behaviour under normal working loads usually mobilizes strain increments that are less than 0.1 \%. Therefore it is very important to measure the small deformation of soil by laboratory experiments accurately. Among others, the local deformation transducer (LDT) has been used to measure locally small deformation of cylindrical or rectangular specimens in triaxial tests. In this study, a hollow cylindrical specimen was used in torsional shear and triaxial tests. By using a modified version of LDT, called PLDT (Pin-typed LDT), to comply with shear deformation of hollow cylindrical specimen under torsional loading, it was confirmed that the modified version could be successfully used to evaluate quasi-elastic deformation properties. The small deformation characteristics of Toyoura sand, Hime gravel and glass beads were investigated using both PLDTs for the local static measurement and gap sensors and a potentiometer for the external static measurement. In addition, a dynamic measurement system by using a set of small triggers and accelerometers was used to evaluate S wave velocity of glass beads. The specimens at different densities were subjected to small vertical and torsional cyclic loadings during otherwise isotropic consolidation from 50 kPa to 400 kPa and isotropic unloading from 400 kPa to 50 or 100 kPa. It was confirmed that small strain Young's and shear moduli values of the tested granular materials which were measured by PLDTs, external transducers and accelerometers are consistent with each other in terms of their stress state dependencies. The externally measured Young's and shear moduli were by about 5 to 20 \% larger than locally measured ones except for Young's moduli of Toyoura sand. The measured Young's and shear moduli showed an increasing trend with the density at the same stress level. Based on these test results, applicability of several void ratio functions was also studied.},
	booktitle = {Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652578},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, She - 1997 - Finite element analysis of wall pressure in imperfect silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2\_37},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-49S7741-5/2/51c6285ead3228d914ea5c55e144a02d},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2\_37},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2\_37},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {16},
	pages = {2061-2072+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, She - 1997 - Finite element analysis of wall pressure in imperfect silos.pdf},
	volume = {34},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 628
@article{strusch0000abschatzung,

	author = {Strusch, J. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Zur Absch\"{a}tzung der Belastungen in Silos mit Einbauten},
	journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {No Abstract.},
	address = {Institut f\"{u}r Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universit\"{a}t Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 4/5, D-38104 Braunschweig},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652577},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690312},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/cite.330690312},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {335-337+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690312},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 629
@article{strusch0000silos,

	author = {Strusch, J. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Silos with inserts - Wall normal stresses and forces on inserts [Silos mit einbauten - Wandnormalspannungen und kr\"{a}fte auf einbauten]},
	journal = {ZKG International},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Investigations were carried out with inserts of differing shapes in a test silo of rectangular cross-section made of perspex plates. The inserts were positioned at different levels in the vertical section and the hopper, both symmetrically and asymmetrically. Measurements were made of the wall normal stress over the height of the silo and of the vertical and horizontal forces on the inserts under investigation. The respective flow profiles were made visible with the aid of coloured layers of material. The measured wall normal stress shows that during discharging the inserts positioned symmetrically in the vertical section can lead to considerable increases in the wall normal stress when compared to the silo without inserts. On the other hand inserts positioned symmetrically in the hopper do not produce any increase in the wall normal stress. During discharging asymmetrically positioned inserts in the vertical section or hopper lead to asymmetric flow profiles, which in turn lead to asymmetrical distributions of the wall normal stress over the height of the silo. Measurement of the vertical forces on inserts shows that the largest vertical force during discharging acts on inserts which are positioned at the level of the transition between vertical section and hopper. The vertical force relative to the projectional area of the insert increases exponentially with decreasing value of the ratio between insert width and silo width. An asymmetric flow profile during discharging leads to a resultant horizontal force on the insert which can be larger than the vertical force.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652576},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {678+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 630
@article{strusch0000slice,

	author = {Strusch, J. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Use of slice element methods for calculating insert loads},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The role of geometry and position of inserts in silos on insert loads and on wall stress distributions was investigated. Experimental set-up and wall stress distributions of the silo were presented. Slice element methods proved useful in understanding the state of stress in silos.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652575},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {505+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 631
@book{stroustrup0000programming,

	author = {Stroustrup, B.},
	title = {The C++ Programming Language},
	publisher = {Addison-Wesley., Reading, MA.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652574},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 632
@article{stewart0000simulated_1,

	author = {Stewart, R. and Bridgwater, J. and Zhou, Y. C. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Simulated and measured flow of granules in a bladed mixer - a detailed comparison},
	journal = {Chem. Eng. Sci.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652573},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {5457-5471+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 633
@article{stark0000invasion,

	author = {Stark, C. P.},
	title = {An invasion percolation model of drainage network evolution.},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652572},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {423-425+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {352},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 634
@article{morgan0000particle,

	author = {Morgan, J. K.},
	title = {Particle Dynamics Simulations of Rate- and State-dependent Frictional Sliding of Granular Fault Gouge},
	journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Studies are described of in-bin segregation, flow pattern and discharge segregation of ternary mixtures of ore and coke (−8 +6.15; −5 +4 and −2 +1 mm) in a model Paul Wurth hopper. Measuring techniques used include heap freezing, tracer addition, contour mapping and screen analyses. The results show that on filling the hopper small particles segregate in the centre, large particles segregate towards the wall and medium-size particles remain essentially unsegregated, i.e. the concentration of these particles in the hopper is essentially uniform throughout and equal to that of the feed. The concentration of the other two sizes in the hopper (C) was found to depend on feed composition (Co), the nature of the material employed and the position in the hopper. It is shown that in-bin concentrations may be expressed by a relationship C = Cok, where k is an experimentally obtained segregation constant. It is also shown that material discharges from the hopper according to a sequence core flow-wall flow-scaffold flow, where the latter represents stagnant material at the hopper wall that discharges last. Analysis of the variances of tracer response curves indicates some material intermixing in the hopper during discharge. The extent of this intermixing in the core region follows a dispersed plug flow model exactly, whilst in the wall region intermixing is more enhanced with variance dependency there being related to the square of the material height in the hopper. In-bin segregation and flow pattern in the hopper influence size segregation in the discharging material. Concentration of the small particles in the discharge stream is high in the initial stages of discharge and low in the final stages of discharge. For large particles this pattern is reversed, whilst for medium-size particles the concentration in the discharge stream remains essentially constant throughout the discharge cycle. Experimental discharge segregation results show satisfactory agreement with industrial data. A method of predicting discharge segregation from knowledge of in-bin segregation and hopper flow pattern is suggested. This should interest a wide section of the bulk solids handling and processing industries.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652571},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2004 - Particle Dynamics Simulations of Rate- and State-dependent Frictional Sliding of Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QCP/13/103/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440W82X-7/2/ac0318eaa283281cab29b76beb120ead},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, discrete, dynamics, element, fault, friction, granular, jin, jps, method, oois, particle, piv, powder, shear, zones},
	number = {9-10},
	pages = {1877-1891+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2004 - Particle Dynamics Simulations of Rate- and State-dependent Frictional Sliding of Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	volume = {161},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		dynamics,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 635
@article{ilari0000flow,

	author = {Ilari, J. L.},
	title = {Flow properties of industrial dairy powders},
	journal = {Le Lait},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This method overcomes two practical difficulties in the Jenike graphical solution: that of making an accurate estimation of the material effective angle of internal friction [delta] (which we show to be a function of flow factor, ffs), and then of extrapolating the powder failure function FF curve to obtain a correct intersection with the hopper flow factor line.We find that FF and all the inter-related material internal friction angles of simple powders are themselves functions of specific tension Ts (tensile stress T divided by its associated steady-state normal stress [sigma]L), the critical value of which may be calculated from  where n and K are powder flow property constants determined experimentally; Y is the yield factor, a constant combining the other two and linking yield stress f at the free surface of the powder arch directly with tensile stress T; and ffs is a flow factor calculated at the outlet stresses developed during hopper charging, and which assumes arch failure along the plane of the principal shear stress. This critical value of Ts then determines the maximum stable arch span B from  in which  and  are the suggested straight-line constants of the time-consolidated locus, and c and [gamma] are those of the proposed tensile stress--bulk density, [rhov], relationship, T = c[rhov][gamma], all of which are determined experimentally.This solution fully takes into account the effect of material compressibility and hopper surcharge pressures, and ensures an answer on the conservative side. A computer programme (HOPACALC) has been written in Fortran to handle the calculations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652570},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ilari - 2002 - Flow properties of industrial dairy powders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v80/p273},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B16M-10/2/5ed00ee194679df0d75a3c592c091b49},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.273},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {383-399+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ilari - 2002 - Flow properties of industrial dairy powders.pdf},
	volume = {82},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 636
@book{sowizral0000java,

	author = {Sowizral, H. and Rushforth, K. and Deering, M.},
	title = {The Java 3D Specification.},
	publisher = {The Java Series, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652569},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 637
@book{southwell0000relaxation,

	author = {Southwell, R. V.},
	title = {Relaxation Methods in Engineering Science.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press, London},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652568},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 638
@article{grof0000computer,

	author = {Grof and Lawrence, C. J. and T\"{a}›p\~{a}!`nek},
	title = {Computer simulation of evolving capillary bridges in granular media},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Strain localization into shear bands is commonly observed in natural soil masses, as well as in human-built embankments, footings, retaining walls and other geotechnical structures. Numerical predictions for the process of shear band formation are critically dependent on the constitutive equations employed. In this paper, the plane strain "double-shearing" constitutive model (e.g., Spencer, A.J.M., 1964. A theory of the kinematics of ideal soils under plane strain conditions. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 12, 337-351; Spencer, A.J.M., 1982, Deformation of ideal granular materials. In: Hopkins, H.G., Sewell, M.J. (Eds.), Mechanics of Solids. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York, pp. 607-652; Mehrabadi, M.M., Cowin, S.C., 1978. Initial planar deformation of dilatant granular materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 26, 269-284; Nemat-Nasser, S., Mehrabadi, M.M., Iwakuma, T. 1981. On certain macroscopic and microscopic aspects of plastic flow of ductile materials. In: Nemat-Nasser, S. (Ed.), Three-dimensional Constitutive Relations and Ductile Fracture. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 157-172; Anand, L., 1983. Plane deformations of ideal granular materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 31, 105-122) is generalized to three dimensions including the effects of elastic deformation and pre-peak behavior. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite element program and is used to predict the formation of shear bands in plane strain compression, and plane strain cylindrical cavity expansion. The predictions from the model are shown to be in good quantitative agreement with the recent experiments of Han, C., Drescher, A., (1993. Shear bands in biaxial tests on dry coarse sand. Soils and Foundations 33, 118-132) and Alsiny, H., Vardoulakis, I., Drescher, A., (1992. Deformation localization in cavity inflation experiments on dry sand. Geotechnique 42, 395-410) on a dry sand. The constitutive model is also used to predict the stress state in a static sand pile -- a topic which has occupied the attention of many investigators in recent years. In our simulations we model an initially loose sand mass as a cohesionless material with a mobilized internal friction coefficient which evolves from an initial value of zero to a saturation value. The formation of a sand pile is numerically modeled as a two-step process: (i) In the first step a conical sand mass is placed between a flat rigid surface and an axi-symmetric conical mold. Interaction between the sand mass and the rigid base plate is modeled using an interface friction coefficient which has the same value as the saturation value of the internal friction coefficient. The sand mass (which is confined between the base plate and the conical mold) is subjected to gravity loading, and the system is allowed to equilibrate. (ii) In the second step the conical mold is quickly lifted and the sand mass allowed to reach a new equilibrate, but slightly slumped configuration. In the process of slight slumping, there is non-homogeneous plastic deformation of the sand pile. This non-homogeneous plastic deformation, coupled with the evolving internal friction coefficient, naturally gives rise to a static stress state which exhibits the interesting feature that the vertical stress distribution at the base of the sand pile does not have a maximum under the apex of the cone, but shows a local dip there.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652567},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof, Lawrence, \r{A} t\"{A}›p\~{A}!`nek - 2007 - Computer simulation of evolving capillary bridges in granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-40020YH-5/2/ca09cfc4da83551bfac818277768780c},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5096(99)00066-6},
	old_keywords = {aarons, angle, behavior, bridge, capillary, condensation, constitutive, contact, database, dem, drying, elements, finite, force, granular, jin, jps, liquid, material, oois, piv, powder, surface, tension, topology},
	number = {2},
	pages = {93-103+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof, Lawrence, \r{A} t\"{A}›p\~{A}!`nek - 2007 - Computer simulation of evolving capillary bridges in granular media.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		condensation,
		contact,
		dem,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		surface,
		tension,
		topology,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 639
@article{favier0000modeling,

	author = {Favier, J. F. and Abbaspour-Fard, M. H. and Kremmer, M.},
	title = {Modeling nonspherical particles using multisphere discrete elements},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper experimentally investigates the possibility to describe the influence of microstructure on shear banding in sand in terms of grain size distribution. Different gradations of the same sand were tested, differing from each other in terms of both the mean grain size and uniformity. Monodisperse sands as well as binary mixtures were tested. Water-saturated specimens of the different sands were tested in plane strain under drained conditions, starting from high relative densities. False relief stereophotogrammetry was used to capture the onset of strain localization and for accurately measuring the width and orientation of shear bands. Results from a total of 11 tests are summarized herein. The influence of mean grain size and grain size distribution uniformity on the occurrence of strain localization and shear band thickness and orientation is discussed. While the results confirm the dependence of the band thickness on the mean grain size, they demonstrate that the orientation of a shear band is not related to the mean size of sand particles size, in contradiction with previous experimental findings. Moreover, shear band orientation can neither be simply related to the uniformity of sand grading. The major result of this study is that while grain size distribution can greatly affect shear banding characteristics, there is not such a thing as a direct relationships between characteristics of localization and mean grain size, or degree of uniformity, or other parameters describing grain size distribution in a simple way. Sand microstructure is a key factor yet its influence on shear banding cannot be described in terms of grain size distribution only.},
	booktitle = {Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of Cohesive-Frictional Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652566},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Favier, Abbaspour-Fard, Kremmer - 2001 - Modeling nonspherical particles using multisphere discrete elements.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44424-6\_8},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TWM-4CDJHXS-2/2/1547ed205b9ec6ad1649fe25e50552fa},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/3-540-44424-6\_8},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-44424-6\_8},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {October},
	pages = {971-971+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Favier, Abbaspour-Fard, Kremmer - 2001 - Modeling nonspherical particles using multisphere discrete elements.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 640
@article{ooi0000measurement_2,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M. and Chen, J. F.},
	title = {Measurement of solids flow patterns in a gypsum silo},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652565},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Chen, Rotter - 1998 - Measurement of solids flow patterns in a gypsum silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e061304},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, compressible, database, dem, drag, effects, experimental, flow, granular, gypsum, high-pressure, jin, jps, materials, methods, mixtures, oois, pattern, piv, powder, residence, silo, solids, time},
	number = {3},
	pages = {272-284+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Chen, Rotter - 1998 - Measurement of solids flow patterns in a gypsum silo.pdf},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		compression,
		dem,
		drag,
		flow,
		granular,
		gypsum,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mixing,
		oois,
		pattern,
		piv,
		powder,
		residence,
		silo,
		solid,
		time,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 641
@incollection{simons0000liquid,

	author = {Simons, S. J. R.},
	title = {Liquid bridges in granules 3},
	booktitle = {Granulation. Handbook of Powder Technology},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, numerical simulation results of isotropic compression and triaxial static shear tests under drained and undrained stress paths on polydisperse assembly of loose and dense spheres are presented. An examination of the micromechanical behaviour of loose and dense assemblies under drained and undrained conditions, considering the particulate nature of granular materials, has been carried out to explain micromechanically the granular material behaviour at the grain scale level. The numerical simulations have been carried out using a discrete element model (DEM) which considers a 1000 sphere particle polydisperse assembly with periodic space representing an infinite three-dimensional space. In this paper, we present how DEM simulations can contribute to developments in constitutive modelling of granular materials through micromechanical approach using information on microstructure evolution. A series of numerical tests are performed using DEM on 3-D assemblages of spheres to study the evolution of the internal variables such as average co-ordination number and induced anisotropy during deformation along with the macroscopic behaviour of the assemblage in drained and undrained shear tests. In a qualitative sense, the macroscopic stress-strain results and stress path evolution in these simulations using 3-D assemblies demonstrate that DEM simulations are capable of reproducing realistic compression and shear behaviour of granular materials. Copyright {\copyright} 2002 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube -755 8611, Japan},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652564},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Simons - 2007 - Liquid bridges in granules 3.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.240},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
9780444518712},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.240},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1257-1316+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Simons - 2007 - Liquid bridges in granules 3.pdf},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 642
@article{sims0000particle,

	author = {Sims, K.},
	title = {Particle animation and rendering using data parallel computation.},
	journal = {Comput. Graphics,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652563},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {405-413+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 643
@proceedings{simonian0000particle,

	title = {Particle tuned mass dampers: Design, test, and modeling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Simonian, S. S. and Brennan, S. M.},
	booktitle = {Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652562},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
M},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {6383+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 644
@article{grof0000strength,

	author = {Grof and Lawrence, C. J. and Step\~{A}!`nek, F.},
	title = {The strength of liquid bridges in random granular materials},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The strength of capillary bridges in randomly packed granular media was analyzed by means of computer simulations. A novel simulation method, based on the tracking of moving interfaces, has been implemented and used for determining the equilibrium shape of capillary bridges in a granular medium under a range of liquid saturations and solid-phase geometry. The net force acting on each grain due to the capillary bridges was evaluated, as well as the aggregate force acting between two wet granular media during their separation in the normal directions. The simulation results are consistent with previous experimental observations and reveal interesting phenomena such as the existence of a maximum in the tensile strength of a wet granular medium as function of liquid saturation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652561},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof, Lawrence, Step\~{A}!`nek - 2008 - The strength of liquid bridges in random granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4351041a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0028-0836
10.1038/4351041a
10.1038/4351041a},
	doi = {10.1038/4351041a},
	old_keywords = {aarons, capillary, chemical, computer, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, phenomena, physical, physicochemical, piv, porosity, powder, simulation, solubility},
	number = {1},
	pages = {182-92+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof, Lawrence, Step\~{A}!`nek - 2008 - The strength of liquid bridges in random granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {319},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		chemical,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		phenomenon,
		physical,
		physicochemical,
		piv,
		porosity,
		powder,
		solubility,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 645
@article{luding0000anisotropy_1,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Anisotropy in cohesive, frictional granular media},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652560},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2005 - Anisotropy in cohesive, frictional granular media.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {24},
	pages = {S2623-S2640+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2005 - Anisotropy in cohesive, frictional granular media.pdf},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 646
@article{suiker0000frictional_1,

	author = {Suiker, A. S. J. and Fleck, N. A.},
	title = {Frictional Collapse of Granular Assemblies},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of plug flow developing in three densely packed granular materials in the model of a hopper made of Plexiglas. For this purpose, the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique is applied to analyse the flow field of the granular material. When discharge starts, a plug flow zone in the flowing material expands upward. This zone changes its width reaching the upper surface of the material. The plug flow evolution as a function of time is described using DPIV. This technique yields the velocity profiles of flowing granular materials, velocity magnitude contours, vector fields, velocity distributions on certain levels in the model and traces of the selected particles. The results obtained for the evolution of the vertical velocity, height and width of the plug flow zone as a function of time, measured at the symmetry axis of the model for the amarantus seed are compared to the results obtained by Waters and Drescher. Measurements of the stagnant boundary as a function of time are compared to the results available in the literature. Keywords: Optical technique; Experiments; Granular; Materials; Flow; Particle; Plug flow},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652559},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Suiker, Fleck - 2004 - Frictional Collapse of Granular Assemblies.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4DTT8YV-1/2/fe55230d9c6b423d2480f55288208fa3},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {350-350+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Suiker, Fleck - 2004 - Frictional Collapse of Granular Assemblies.pdf},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 647
@proceedings{shodja0000stressinduced,

	title = {Stress-induced anisotropy in random assemblies of oval granules.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Shodja, H. M. and Nezarni, E. G.},
	booktitle = {8th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geonlechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652558},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Stress-induced anisotropy in random assemblies of oval granules.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Rome, Italy.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 648
@article{shirnizu0000threedimensional,

	author = {Shirnizu, Y. and Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {Three-dimensional DEM simulations of bulk handling by screw conveyors.},
	journal = {J. Eng. Mech. ASCE},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652557},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {9},
	pages = {285-292.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:39},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 649
@article{shinohara0000effect,

	author = {Shinohara, K. and Oida, M. and Golman, B.},
	title = {Effect of particle shape on angle of internal friction by triaxial compression test},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652556},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YBBH64-J/2/04a9d33f6a162025c5a89e951bf45745},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {131+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YBBH64-J/2/04a9d33f6a162025c5a89e951bf45745},
	volume = {107},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 650
@article{vuquoc0000accurate_3,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, L. and Zhang, X.},
	title = {An accurate and efficient tangential force-displacement model for elastic frictional contact in particleflow simulations},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A numerical analysis using the 3D distinct element method (DEM) is conducted in order to examine the performance of screw conveyors. In particular, the simulation of horizontal and vertical types is studied. The results are compared with previous work and empirical equations. As a result, it is determined that this method is sufficiently well developed and useful to analyze the performance of screw conveyors.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652555},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Zhang - 1999 - An accurate and efficient tangential force-displacement model for elastic frictional contact in particleflow simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/864/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
improved tangential force displacement model proposed for 3D dry particle systems based on mindlin deresiewicz theory also carried out FEM validation 100 hard spherical particles colliding with rigid surface},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {235-269+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Zhang - 1999 - An accurate and efficient tangential force-displacement model for elastic frictional contact in particleflow simulations.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 651
@proceedings{shimizu0000fluid,

	title = {Fluid coupling in PFC2D and PFC3D},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Shimizu, Y.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652554},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Fluid coupling in PFC2D and PFC3D},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 652
@proceedings{shi0000discontinuous_1,

	title = {Discontinuous deformation analysis, a new method For computing stress, strain and sliding of block systems.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Shi, G. H. and Goodman, R. E.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 29th U. S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652553},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discontinuous deformation analysis, a new method For computing stress, strain and sliding of block systems.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Minneapolis, 381-393.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 653
@article{shi0000dimensional,

	author = {Shi, G. H. and Goodman, R. E.},
	title = {Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis.},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652552},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {541-556+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 654
@proceedings{shi0000modeling,

	title = {Modeling rock joints and blocks by manifold method.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Shi, G. H.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd U. S. Rock Mechanics Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652551},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Modeling rock joints and blocks by manifold method.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Santa Fe, New Mexico, 639-648},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 655
@book{shi0000block_1,

	author = {Shi, G. H.},
	title = {Block System Modelling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis.},
	publisher = {Computational Mechanics, London.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652550},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 656
@proceedings{shi0000discontinuous_2,

	title = {Discontinuous deformation analysis - a new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of block structures.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Shi, G. H.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st Conf. DEM},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652549},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discontinuous deformation analysis - a new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of block structures.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 657
@phdthesis{shi0000block_2,

	author = {Shi, G. H.},
	title = {Block System Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis.},
	school = {University of California, Berkeley., Department of Civil Engineering,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652548},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Block System Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 658
@article{shi0000generalization,

	author = {Shi, G. and Goodman, R. E.},
	title = {Generalization of two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis for forward modelling.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Analy. Meth. Geomech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652547},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {359-380+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 659
@book{shi0000block_3,

	author = {Shi, G.},
	title = {Block System Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis.},
	publisher = {Computational Mechanics Publications, Boston.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652546},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 660
@phdthesis{shi0000discontinuous_3,

	author = {Shi, G.},
	title = {Discontinuous deformation analysis: a new method for computing stress, strain and sliding of block systems.},
	school = {University of California, Berkeley., Department Civil Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652545},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discontinuous deformation analysis: a new method for computing stress, strain and sliding of block systems.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 661
@article{valverde0000random,

	author = {Valverde, J. M. and Castellanos, A.},
	title = {Random loose packing of cohesive granular materials},
	journal = {Europhysics Letters (EPL)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, a 3D DEM program TRUBAL, which is capable of calculating the contact between particles considering friction and local plastic deformation, is employed to study the evolution of internal structure of particle assemblies during the consolidation process. Uniaxial powder compaction process is simulated in a cubic periodic unit cell by applying the strain rate to the individual particles. The selection of the proper time steps in DEM for quasi-static case is discussed. Results in particle scale (microscopic) are obtained and correlated to the statistical bulk response of the assembly. The effects of the microscopic properties of particles (such as friction, plastic contact) on the bulk mechanical response are examined by numerical tests. Correlations between the microscopic properties of particles and the macroscopic continuum behaviours of compacts are discussed. These discussions make it possible to fit DEM results at a macroscopic scale to the experimental measurements by adjusting the particle properties in DEM calculation. An example test is carried out to demonstrate that DEM results could be fitted properly to the experimental results, in the mean time, also provide some microscopic results which are hard to be measured. DEM has the potential to incorporate the microscopic properties of particles into a proper continuum model to perform combined macro and micro study of the powder compaction process.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652544},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Valverde, Castellanos - 2006 - Random loose packing of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {6},
	pages = {985-991+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Valverde, Castellanos - 2006 - Random loose packing of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {75},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 662
@article{vanel0000memories_1,

	author = {Vanel, L. and Behringer, R. P. and Howell, D. W. and Clark, D. and Cl\~{A}{\copyright}ment, E.},
	title = {Memories in sand: Experimental tests of construction history on stress distributions under sandpiles},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A 3D discrete element method (DEM) simulations of powder compaction were performed. The evolution of microscopic properties of the particle assembly such as coordination number and plastic contact number were investigated. The results suggest that DEM has the potential to incorporate the microscopic properties of particles into a proper continumm model.},
	booktitle = {Geotechnical Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652543},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vanel et al. - 1999 - Memories in sand Experimental tests of construction history on stress distributions under sandpiles.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
3D DEM simulations of powder compaction},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {5040-5043+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vanel et al. - 1999 - Memories in sand Experimental tests of construction history on stress distributions under sandpiles.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 663
@article{hirshfeld0000granular,

	author = {Hirshfeld, D. and Rapaport, D. C.},
	title = {Granular flow from a silo: Discrete-particle simulations in three dimensions},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Packing problems, such as how densely objects can fill a volume, are among the most ancient and persistent problems in mathematics and science. For equal spheres, it has only recently been proved that the face-centered cubic lattice has the highest possible packing fraction ? = ?/?18 ? 0.74. It is also well known that certain random (amorphous) jammed packings have ? ? 0.64. Here, we show experimentally and with a new simulation algorithm that ellipsoids can randomly pack more densely-up to ? = 0.68 to 0.71 for spheroids with an aspect ratio close to that of M\&M's Candies-and even approach ? ? 0.74 for ellipsoids with other aspect ratios. We suggest that the higher density is directly related to the higher number of degrees of freedom per particle and thus the larger number of particle contacts required to mechanically stabilize the packing. We measured the number of contacts per particle Z ? 10 for our spheroids, as compared to Z ? 6 for spheres. Our results have implications for a broad range of scientific disciplines, including the properties of granular media and ceramics, glass formation, and discrete geometry.},
	address = {Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652542},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hirshfeld, Rapaport - 2001 - Granular flow from a silo Discrete-particle simulations in three dimensions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1142274207\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R6.0.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/978/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 77
Export Date: 26 April 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {193-199+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hirshfeld, Rapaport - 2001 - Granular flow from a silo Discrete-particle simulations in three dimensions.pdf},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 664
@article{shahinpoor0000frequency,

	author = {Shahinpoor, M. and Sharpass, A.},
	title = {Frequency distribution of voids in monolayers of randomly packed equal spheres},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652541},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {825-838+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 665
@article{seth0000rotationfree,

	author = {Seth Green, G. M. T.},
	title = {A rotation-free quadrilateral thin shell subdivision finite element},
	journal = {Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present a rotation-free, subdivision-based, isoparametric quadrilateral finite element for the analysis of doubly-curved thin shells. The element is a generalization of spline-based C1 finite elements to curved domains, and general mesh connectivity. It uses semi-local basis functions that span the two-neighbourhood of a node. The traditional difficulty with this class of elements comes from the fact that these basis functions depend on the valence of the nodes of the element. For elements with 4-valence nodes the basis functions are bicubic polynomials, but there are no simple closed-form expressions for them when the nodes have general connectivity patterns. In the paper, we show how the basis functions for the general case may be efficiently evaluated as linear combinations of translation and scaling transformations of the bicubic polynomials. The performance of the resulting element is illustrated on a hemispherical shell model problem. Copyright ?2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652540},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.791},
	comment = {10.1002/cnm.791},
	doi = {10.1002/cnm.791},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {757-767+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.791},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 666
@proceedings{serrano0000contribution,

	title = {A contribution to the mechanics of heterogeneous granular media.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Serrano, A. A. and Rodriguez-Ordz, J. M.},
	booktitle = {Proc. Symp. on the Role of Plasticity in Soil Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652539},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A contribution to the mechanics of heterogeneous granular media.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Cambridge, 215-228.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 667
@article{parisi0000partitioned,

	author = {Parisi, D. R. and Masson, S. and Martinez, J.},
	title = {Partitioned Distinct Element Method Simulation of Granular Flow within Industrial Silos},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, a method to evaluate the coefficient of restitution for multiple impacts between material bodies is presented. The loss of kinetic energy which is described by the coefficient of restitution is due to the initiation of waves and plastic deformation of the colliding bodies. Especially in the case of slender bodies a large amount of energy is transformed into waves. For the numerical investigation a combination of a modal approach describing the global elastodynamic behavior of the bodies and a finite element model for the contact region, including the effects of plasticity, is used. The investigation includes repeated impacts with identical initial conditions with the exception of the deformation history of the contact region due to previous impacts. The simulations of repeated impacts on different aluminum rods show, due to plastic deformation of the contact area and the resulting residual stresses, an increase of the coefficient of restitution with the number of impacts until a stationary value is reached. Finally, plastic deformation does not spread out and all energy loss is due to wave propagation. The numerical investigations are verified by experiments. Keywords: Coefficient of restitution; Elastic–plastic material; Waves; Finite elements; Experiments},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652538},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Parisi, Masson, Martinez - 2004 - Partitioned Distinct Element Method Simulation of Granular Flow within Industrial Silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141711878\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=0ce4fc7311b45cbd1e89dcb2c4c84c10},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3K-4G002NR-1/2/011067fee0faed99a9269b450f03dd39},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 22
Export Date: 3 August 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {771-771+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Parisi, Masson, Martinez - 2004 - Partitioned Distinct Element Method Simulation of Granular Flow within Industrial Silos.pdf},
	volume = {130},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 668
@article{stifter0000theoretical,

	author = {Stifter, T. and Marti, O. and Bhushan, B.},
	title = {Theoretical investigation of the distance dependence of capillary and van der Waals forces in scanning force microscopy},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652537},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Stifter, Marti, Bhushan - 2000 - Theoretical investigation of the distance dependence of capillary and van der Waals forces in scanning force microscopy.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s10035-002-0124-4},
	comment = {PDF, SILO, SHEAR TESTER},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {20},
	pages = {13667-13673+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Stifter, Marti, Bhushan - 2000 - Theoretical investigation of the distance dependence of capillary and van der Waals forces in scanning force microscopy.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 669
@article{schwedes0000examples,

	author = {Schwedes, J. and Schulze, D.},
	title = {Examples of modern silo design},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Since publication of the fundamentals of silo design in the 1960s [1,2,3], those methods have been used more and more for practical applications. The reasons for the increasing acceptance of scientific methods of silo design are probably the inclusion of the fundamentals of bulk solids technology in the education of young engineers and the exchange of information between engineers employed in industry. Another important reason could be the necessity to store increasing amounts and new kinds of bulk solids with unknown flow behaviour in automated plants where silo storage and transport must be undisturbed. Since in many industries more and more new kinds of bulk solids with unknown flow properties are produced, the application of the measuring and calculation methods of bulk solids technology is essential. Examples of products with increasing importance are filter dust, sewage sludge and FGD-gypsum in the area of environmental technology, or ceramic powders. In the present paper three examples will be presented in order to illustrate the range of application of silo design methods: the design of a silo for storage of moist limestone, the dimensioning of a silo for storing a product with large time consolidation, and the reduction of vibrations caused by discharge of a cement clinker silo.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652536},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 670
@article{schwedes0000measurement_2,

	author = {Schwedes, J. and Schulze, D.},
	title = {Measurement of flow properties of bulk solids},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {To design reliable devices for the handling of bulk solids, knowledge of the flow properties of these bulk solids is essential. For the measurement of flow properties, numerous types of shear testers are available. This paper reviews developments in the design of new shear testers. Some new results of the experimental work carried out with shear testers are presented. After a short description of the measured flow properties of bulk solids and the basic principles of shear testers, the design and/or results of some devices (Jenike shear tester, unconfined yield strength test, triaxial tester, True Biaxial Shear Tester, ring shear tester, wall friction tester) are presented. The developments and investigations reported were made with two considerations in mind. On the one hand, knowledge of the behaviour of bulk solids should be enlarged. For this goal, very specialised shear testers, e.g. the True Biaxial Shear Tester or the triaxial tester, are required. On the other hand, simpler testers have been developed to permit straightforward measurement of the flow properties used for practical applications, e.g. silo design. In addition, it is shown that the results obtained with a shear test are dependent on the kind of shear tester and the shear procedure.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652535},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-444T9PR-GJ/2/7d58d33fdcd2e30150af230d1bf17944},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {59+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-444T9PR-GJ/2/7d58d33fdcd2e30150af230d1bf17944},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 671
@article{schwedes0000modelling,

	author = {Schwedes, J. and Feise, H.},
	title = {Modelling of pressures and flow in silos},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The modelling of pressures in silos has been attempted by numerous researchers using a variety of different methods. Starting with the work of Janssen, the slice element method, the method of characteristics, the finite element method and the method of granular dynamics are reviewed. Every model needs constitutive parameters which have to be found from experiments. A method to calibrate the more recent - and highly complex - constitutive models from general tests is presented. Besides the models for silo pressures, several models of flow in silos are considered.},
	address = {Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering, Volkmaroder Strasse 4/5, D-38104 Braunschweig},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652534},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180204},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.270180204},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {96-109+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180204},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 672
@proceedings{satake0000micromechanical,

	title = {Micro-mechanical definition of strain tensor for granular assemblies},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Satake, M.},
	booktitle = {15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652533},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Satake - 2002 - Micro-mechanical definition of strain tensor for granular assemblies.pdf},
	comment = {Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 4 February 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
Micro-mechanical definition of strain tensor for granular assemblies},
	journal = {John Wiley and Sons, New York},
	old_keywords = {aarons, assembly, database, dem, dirichlet, granular, hill, jin, jps, micro-mechanics, oois, piv, powder, s, strain, tensor, tessellation},
	location = {Columbia University, New York},
	pages = {1-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Satake - 2002 - Micro-mechanical definition of strain tensor for granular assemblies.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dirichlet,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		micromechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		strain,
		tensor,
		tessellation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 673
@article{holst0000numerical_2,

	author = {Holst, J. M. F. G. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M. and Rong, G. H.},
	title = {Numerical modeling of silo filling. I: Continuum analyses},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652532},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holst et al. - 1999 - Numerical modeling of silo filling. I Continuum analyses.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 25
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {January},
	pages = {94-94+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag 2003},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holst et al. - 1999 - Numerical modeling of silo filling. I Continuum analyses.pdf},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 674
@article{schwedes0000partec,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {PARTEC '95. 3rd European symposium: storage and flow of particulate solids (Janssen Centennial)},
	journal = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This volume contains 46 papers on the subject of bulk materials handling and storage. 1995 marks the 100th anniversary of H.A. Janssen's paper On the measurement of pressures in grain silos. This paper laid the foundations of the understanding of the behaviour of bulk solids and his well known equation for determining the static or initial pressure distribution in silos is extensively used. The plenary paper presents an overview of Janssen's contribution to this field. Subsequent papers discuss various aspects of the flow of bulk solids such as coal, minerals, powders, spices and grain. (S.E.Brown)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652531},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 675
@proceedings{schwedes0000consideration,

	title = {CONSIDERATION OF FLOW PROPERTIES OF BULK SOLIDS IN THE NEW GERMAN STANDARD, DIN 1055, PART 6},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Structural design of silos, i. e. design of silo walls to withstand the loads exerted by the bulk solids content, is frequently based on the German standard DIN 1055, part 6. This standard is currently under revision. Application of this standard requires knowledge of the frictional properties of the bulk solid and the silo wall. Smooth walls, as needed for mass-flow hoppers, result in high horizontal pressures being relevant for structural design. An examination is made of the structural aspects of silo design and factors to consider for the selection of the appropriate angle of wall friction. The occurrence of stress peaks is also discussed. The author indicates that the old standard is valid for funnel-flow. However, nobody was aware of this fact when the standard was introduced in 1964. Therefore, design according to this standard has to take care of all stress peaks that possibly occur in the vertical part of the bin.},
	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652530},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
CONSIDERATION OF FLOW PROPERTIES OF BULK SOLIDS IN THE NEW GERMAN STANDARD, DIN 1055, PART 6},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {743+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 676
@article{schwedes0000influence_1,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {INFLUENCE OF WALL FRICTION ON SILO DESIGN IN PROCESS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING},
	journal = {German Chemical Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {When considering the discharge of stored bulk solids, distinction is made between mass flow and funnel flow. In order to cause mass flow to occur, i. e. to set the complete bunker contents in motion, the hopper walls must be steep. Conditions in the vicinity of the outlet are decisive in that a large angle of wall friction requires steep hopper walls. For a safe design of bunker walls with respect to mechanical strength, DIN 1055, part 6, is normally applied; this is currently being revised. This regulation implies a strong influence of the angle of wall friction whereby small angles are associated with high horizontal pressures. If the angle of wall friction depends on pressure and other parameters, with safety factors being included, there may be a considerable difference between the angles used by process and structural engineers.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652529},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {131+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 677
@article{schwedes0000influence_2,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Influence of Wall Friction of the Design of Silos - Aspects of Process Technology and Statics.},
	journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Influence of wall friction on the design of silos - Aspects of process technology and statics. Mass flow and funnel flow are distinguished when considering the discharge of stored bulk solids. In order to cause mass flow to occur, i. e. the complete bunker filling is in motion, hopper walls need to be steep. Conditions close to the outlet are decisive, a large value of wall friction requiring steep hopper walls. For a safe design of bunker walls with respect to mechanical strength, DIN 1055, part 6 is commonly applied; it is currently being revised. From this regulation a strong influence of the angle of wall friction can be inferred, small values of the angle being associated with high horizontal pressures. In case the angle of wall friction depends on pressure and other parameters and safety factors are included there may be a considerable difference between the angle used by a process engineer and by a civil engineer.},
	address = {Institut f\"{u}r Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, TU Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 4-5, 3300 Braunschweig},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652528},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330560406},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/cite.330560406},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {291-298+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330560406},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 678
@article{schwedes0000evolution,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {EVOLUTION OF BULD SOLIDS TECHNOLOGY SINCE 1974},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Cooperation of process engineers concerned with flow of bulk solids in bins, and civil engineers designing bins in terms of mechanical strength has improved but is not yet optimal. Angles of wall friction determined by shear testers can be used for process technological design of hoppers as well as for structural design of bin walls. Measurements show that for identical bulk solid/wall combinations the extrema can vary by more than 10 degree . Based on shear tests, bins can be designed in such a way that even cohesive bulk solids can be discharged without problems. If flow difficulties are eliminated, the design of a silo can be carried out in the same way as for cohesionless materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652527},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {143+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 679
@article{schwedes0000evaluation,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {EVALUATION OF BULK SOLID TECHNOLOGY SINCE 1974/ ENTWICKLUNGDER SCHUETTGUTTECHNIK SEIT 1974},
	journal = {AUFBEREIT TECH},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {COOPERATION OF PROCESS ENGINEERS CONCERNED WITH THE FLOW OFBULK SOLIDS IN BINS AND CIVIL ENGINEERS DESIGNING BINS IN TERMS OF MECHANICAL STRENGTH HAS IMPROVED, BUT IS NOT YET OPTIMAL. ANGLES OF WALL FRICTION DETERMINED BY SHEAR TESTERS CAN BE USED FOR PROCESS TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN OF HOPPERS AS WELL AS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BIN WALLS. IN THIS CASE IT MUST BE BORNE IN MIND THAT FOR THE FIRST APPLICATION THE MAXIMUM MEASURED ANGLE OF WALL FRICTION IS RELEVANT, WHILE FOR THESECOND APPLICATION THE MINIMUM VALUE IS TO BE USED. MEASUREMENTS SHOW THAT FOR IDENTICAL BULK SOLID/WALL COMBINATIONS THE EXTREMA CAN VARY BY MORE THAN 10 D. . BASED ON SHEAR TESTS, BINS CAN BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT EVEN COHESIVE BULK SOLIDS CAN BE DISCHARGED WITHOUT PROBLEMS. IF FLOW DIFFICULTIES ARE ELIMINATED, THE DESIGN OF A SILO CAN BE CARRIED OUT IN THE SAME WAY AS FOR COHESIONLESS MATERIALS. IN GERMAN WITH ENGLISH ABSTRACT.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652526},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {N 8},
	pages = {403+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {V 23},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 680
@article{hsiau0000flow,

	author = {Hsiau, S. S.},
	title = {Flow patterns and velocity fields of granules in Dorfan Impingo filters for gas cleanup},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;This study presents an analysis and a visualization of the effect that the pile shape has on the penetration resistance of driven piles in crushable granular materials. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of single piles with different shapes (flat tip, open pile, triangular tip) being driven into a previously compacted uniform crushable soil are presented. The results from the DEM simulations showed that the shape of the driven piles has a significant influence on the development of penetration resistance and particle crushing. This study also presents the penetration resistance and particle crushing results when a second flat tip pile was driven in a region near a pre-existing single flat tip pile. It was found that considerable high crushing was induced by the second pile. The second pile induced crushing not only on the particles surrounding itself but also on the particles surrounding the pre-existing pile, showing that particle crushing around a driven pile not only takes place when the pre-existing pile is being driven, but it also occurs during the installation of a second pile, in a region closely located to the first one.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652525},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau - 2000 - Flow patterns and velocity fields of granules in Dorfan Impingo filters for gas cleanup.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-007-0037-3},
	comment = {NO  PDF
 | 
10.1007/s10035-007-0037-3},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-007-0037-3},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bed, database, dem, dorfan, filtration, impingo, jin, jps, louvered, method, moving, oois, particle, piv, powder, stagnant, tracking, walls, zone},
	location = {Weinheim},
	number = {20},
	pages = {4481-4494+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Verlag Chemie GmbH},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau - 2000 - Flow patterns and velocity fields of granules in Dorfan Impingo filters for gas cleanup.pdf},
	volume = {55},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		dem,
		dorfan,
		filtration,
		impingo,
		jin,
		jps,
		louvered,
		moving,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		stagnation,
		tracking,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 681
@article{schulze0000examination_1,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {An examination of initial stresses in hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract Initial stresses, the stresses during filling and before discharging, measured in an experimental silo have been compared to stresses calculated with slice element methods (Walters, Motzkus). With the approach of Motzkus, initial stresses can be predicted fairly good, whereas Walters' approach yields an overestimation of the vertical stresses acting on the feeder. Since the experimental results showed that the compressibility and the deformation of the bulk solid have to be taken into account, a new slice element method is worked out. The new method is based on slices of variable geometry, thus considering the effect of the deformation of the bulk solid.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652524},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444P9CX-JJ/2/c8b1b602eef4f57c766041c1c4fbad7c},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2047+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444P9CX-JJ/2/c8b1b602eef4f57c766041c1c4fbad7c},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 682
@article{schulze0000tests,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Tests on the application of discharge tubes},
	journal = {BULK SOLIDS HANDLING},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experiments with model silos have shown that, along with previously described applications (such as vibration reduction, homogenization silos), discharge tubes can be used to increase the mass flow rate for a given outlet diameter and to reduce segregation in funnel flow silos. Ways in which the mass flow rate through circular openings in vertical walls can be estimated are discussed. In addition to the size of the opening, the methods also consider the influence of the wall thickness. (from Authors)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652523},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {33+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 683
@article{schulze0000storage,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Storage and flow of bulk materials in silos and insights into the design of new plants [Lagern und Fliessen von Schuettguetern in Silos und Erkenntnisse fuer die Planung neuer Anlagen]},
	journal = {VGB-Kraftwerkstechnik},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the flow of bulk material in silos, mass flow is a decisive factor in flow performance. The angle of inclination of the hopper necessary for mass flow can be determined by means of shearing tests. This paper reports on experience with shearing tests on various types of coal and the translation of these tests into the design of silo plants and also on operating experience in running the plants.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652522},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {9},
	pages = {782+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {70},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 684
@article{schulze0000load,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Lyle, C. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {A new load cell for measuring normal and shear stresses},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology - CET},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A special stress measuring device for determining the normal and shear stresses acting on silo walls was developed and tested. The load cell can be used for measuring simultaneously the normal stress as well as the intensity and direction of the shear stress.},
	address = {Institut f\"{u}r Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universit\"{a}t Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Stra{\ss}e 4/5, D-3300 Braunschweig},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652521},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120144},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.270120144},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {318-323+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120144},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 685
@article{schulze0000design,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Leonhardt, C. and Kossert, J. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Design of a Silo for the Storage of 10,000 t Sulphur Granules},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652520},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {211+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 686
@article{kharaz0000accurate_1,

	author = {Kharaz, A. H. and Gorham, D. A. and Salman, A. D.},
	title = {Accurate measurement of particle impact parameters},
	journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report experiments on piles of cohesionless granular materials showing the effect of construction history on static stress distributions. Stresses under piles are monitored by sensitive capacitive techniques. The piles are formed either by pouring granular material from a funnel with a small outlet (localized source), or from a large sieve (homogeneous rain). Localized sources yield stress profiles with a clear stress dip near the center of the pile; the homogeneous rain profiles have no stress dip. We show that the stress profiles scale linearly with the pile height. Experiments on wedge-shaped piles show similar but weaker effects.},
	address = {Department of Physics, Ctr. for Nonlinear and Complex Syst., Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0305, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652519},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham, Salman - 1999 - Accurate measurement of particle impact parameters.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000280912\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBN-48S4NSY-1/2/e2c685ae2266b24cd9f83b207d282ba0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 79
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cient, coefficient, database, dem, image, jin, jps, oois, particle, photography, piv, powder, processing, restitution, rotation, strobe},
	number = {5 A},
	pages = {31-35+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham, Salman - 1999 - Accurate measurement of particle impact parameters.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		photography,
		piv,
		powder,
		restitution,
		rotation,
		strobe,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 687
@article{nase0000discrete,

	author = {Nase, S. and Vargas, W. L. and Abatan, A. A. and McCarthy, J. J.},
	title = {Discrete characterization tools for cohesive granular material},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Automated ring shear testers have gained widespread acceptance in the chemical industry. In this paper, comparative measurements with different shear testers are described and possible factors influencing the measurement of flowability, are discussed. The measurement results presented show a dependency on the bulk solid investigated. No significant influence of the shear tester was measured for easy flowing bulk solids. An influence of the shear tester is observed for poor flowing, compressible bulk solids. Experiments have shown that test procedure and shear cell design (tester geometry) affect the measurements considerably.},
	address = {BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Process Engineering, GCT/T - L544, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652518},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Nase et al. - 2001 - Discrete characterization tools for cohesive granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGM/6/185/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200400906},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.200400906},
	old_keywords = {aarons, characteristic, cohesion, database, dem, dynamics, jin, jps, oois, particle, piv, powder},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {214-223+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Nase et al. - 2001 - Discrete characterization tools for cohesive granular material.pdf},
	volume = {116},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 688
@proceedings{schamaun0000methods,

	title = {Methods for predicting rubble motion during blasting.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Schamaun, J. T.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 25th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652517},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Methods for predicting rubble motion during blasting.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Northwestern University},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 689
@proceedings{schaefer0000silo,

	title = {SILO FOR STORAGE OF 10,000 TONS OF MOIST LIMESTONE DESIGN AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In 1981 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke GmbH built a 10,000 tons silo unit at their Flandersbach plant for the storage of moist limestone with particle size 0 - 3 mm. The flow properties of the limestone, as a function of moisture and time at rest, were determined by shear tests. The point was to ensure mass flow of the material because of its strong time consolidation. In addition, the commercially available discharge devices were analysed.},
	author = {Schaefer, R. and Schroeer, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	booktitle = {EFCE Publication Series (European Federation of Chemical Engineering)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652516},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
SILO FOR STORAGE OF 10,000 TONS OF MOIST LIMESTONE DESIGN AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {49},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:38},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 690
@article{sawamoto0000analytical,

	author = {Sawamoto, Y. and Tsubota, H. and Kasai, Y. and Koshika, N. and Morikawa, H.},
	title = {Analytical studies on local damage to reinforced concrete structures under impact loading by discrete element method.},
	journal = {Nuclear Eng. Des.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652515},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {157-177+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {179},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 691
@article{rong0000simulation_2,

	author = {Rong, G. H. and Negi, S. C. and Jofriet, J. C.},
	title = {Simulation of flow behaviour of bulk solids in bins. Part 1: model development and validation},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652514},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rong, Negi, Jofriet - 1995 - Simulation of flow behaviour of bulk solids in bins. Part 1 model development and validation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-3XDHMP5-10/2/9311e21c602280eb84adca51eb4dc744},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Micro-Mechanical Definition Of Strain Tensor For Granular Assemblies
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00015-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {New York},
	number = {4},
	pages = {247-256+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rong, Negi, Jofriet - 1995 - Simulation of flow behaviour of bulk solids in bins. Part 1 model development and validation.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 692
@proceedings{sarracino0000using,

	title = {Using particle flow code to investigate energy dissipation in a rotary grinding mill},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Sarracino, R. S. and McBride, A. T. and Powell, M. S.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652513},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Using particle flow code to investigate energy dissipation in a rotary grinding mill},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 693
@article{johnson0000maugis,

	author = {Johnson, K. L. and Greenwood, J. A.},
	title = {Maugis analysis of adhesive line contact},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The theoretical treatment of the failure behaviour of bulk solids is often based on the simplifying assumption that the material acts as an isotropic continuum, regardless of the direction in which the stresses are acting. This article describes the results from measurements with both a standard Jenike shear tester and a biaxial tester which indicate that the yield behaviour of a cohesive solid can show significant anisotropic effects depending on the directions of the principal stresses at steady-state and incipient failure. Moreover, it can be concluded from those measurements that neither the flow function nor the density of a cohesive bulk solid can be regarded as an invariant with respect to stress history without taking into account possible anisotropic effects.},
	booktitle = {Geotechnical Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652512},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Greenwood - 2008 - Maugis analysis of adhesive line contact.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028054522\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=5fd7fad8c97515e1328e022ed038c91b},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-444PWJS-3W/2/6fcd2c253b69b44ecd9a6aae229c50ac},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 4 April 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
Load settlement curve method for spread footings on sand},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {19},
	pages = {199802-199802+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Greenwood - 2008 - Maugis analysis of adhesive line contact.pdf},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 694
@article{santamarina0000soil_2,

	author = {Santamarina, J. C. and Cho},
	title = {Soil behaviour: The role of particle shape},
	journal = {Proc. Skempton Conf},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652511},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 695
@article{wu0000energy,

	author = {Wu, C. Y. and Thornton, C. and Li, L.},
	title = {Energy dissipation during normal impact of elastic and elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres},
	journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {The Skempton conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652510},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Thornton, Li - 2005 - Energy dissipation during normal impact of elastic and elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres.pdf},
	comment = {PDF
 | 
Soil behaviour: The role of particle shape.},
	old_keywords = {cient, coefficient, database, deformation, dem, dissipation, elastic, energy, finite, impact, jin, jps, materials, normal, of, oois, plastic, powder, restitution},
	location = {London: Thomas Telford},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {593-604+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Thornton, Li - 2005 - Energy dissipation during normal impact of elastic and elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		deformation,
		dem,
		dissipation,
		elasticity,
		energy,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		normal,
		oois,
		plastic,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 696
@article{glor0000overview,

	author = {Glor, M.},
	title = {Overview of the occurrence and incendivity of cone discharges with case studies from industrial practice},
	journal = {Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The forces in packed granular materials are distributed very differently than those in "normal" solids. Forces much larger than the mean occur, but are exponentially rare. These force inhomogeneities can be understood using an exactly solvable statistical model, in which the fluctuations in the forces arise because of variations in the contact angles together with the constraints imposed by the force balance on each grain. The details of this work are published elsewhere, see Liu et al. (1995) and Coppersmith et al. (1996). Copyright ?1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	address = {James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652509},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Glor - 2001 - Overview of the occurrence and incendivity of cone discharges with case studies from industrial practice.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001388365\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1033/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 5
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arch, database, dem, dust, electrostatic, explosions, fluctuations, force, granular, hazards, ignition, jin, jps, lling, materials, mechanics, oois, piv, powder, silo, statistical},
	number = {2},
	pages = {123-128+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Glor - 2001 - Overview of the occurrence and incendivity of cone discharges with case studies from industrial practice.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		arch,
		dem,
		dust,
		electrostatics,
		explosion,
		fluctuation,
		force,
		granular,
		ignition,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		statistics,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 697
@article{schwarz0000generalized,

	author = {Schwarz, U.},
	title = {A generalized analytical model for the elastic deformation of an adhesive contact between a sphere and a flat surface},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A new method to calculate the elastic deformation of a sphere on a flat surface is presented. The model considers the influence of short- range aswell as long-range attractive forces both inside and outside the actual contact area. In contrast to earliermodels, this theory describes the nature of these deformations in the intermediate regime between the so-called JKR and DMT limits by simple analytic expressions. Equations for the calculation of the contact radius, the deformation, and the pressure distribution are given. In all equations, the critical force that might vary between the limiting values found in the DMT and the JKR model acts as transition parameter.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652508},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schwarz - 2003 - A generalized analytical model for the elastic deformation of an adhesive contact between a sphere and a flat surface.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952281716\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=2ea05ff7d47b273b9a10cf72a8b215f3},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Export Date: 28 June 2010
Source: Scopus
Article in Press},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, contact, contacts, database, dem, dmt, dugdale, hertz, jin, jkr, jps, maugis, mechanics, model, oois, piv, plane, powder, sphere, transition},
	number = {1},
	pages = {99-106+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schwarz - 2003 - A generalized analytical model for the elastic deformation of an adhesive contact between a sphere and a flat surface.pdf},
	volume = {261},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		contact,
		dem,
		dmt,
		dugdale,
		hertz,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		maugis,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		plane,
		powder,
		sphere,
		transition,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 698
@article{lambert0000comparison,

	author = {Lambert, P. and Chau, A. and Delchambre, A. and R\~{A}{\copyright}gnier},
	title = {Comparison between two capillary forces models},
	journal = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Surface tension effects are dominant in miniaturization. Therefore, a lot of capillary forces models have been recently discussed in the literature. The work reported in this paper intends to prove the equivalence between two methods which are very widespread in capillary forces computation at equilibrium: the energetic method based on the derivation of the total interfacial energy and a second method summing both pressure and tension terms obtained from the meniscus profile (based on the Laplace equation). The results are supported by different qualitative arguments, an analytical proof in the case of a prism-plate configuration, numerical simulation, and experiments in the case of two millimetric spheres.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652507},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lambert et al. - 2008 - Comparison between two capillary forces models.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034592314\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=47da4c3e781167111c17d2150953361e},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Experimental validation of modeling irregular particle shapes using DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 172
Export Date: 14 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {7},
	pages = {3157-63+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema  Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lambert et al. - 2008 - Comparison between two capillary forces models.pdf},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 699
@proceedings{sakakibara0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical study on the cause of a slope failure at a gravel pit using PFC and FLAC},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Sakakibara, T. and Ujihira, M. and Suzuki, K.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652506},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Numerical study on the cause of a slope failure at a gravel pit using PFC and FLAC},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 700
@book{sakaguchi0000mesh,

	author = {Sakaguchi, H. and Muhlhaus, H. B.},
	title = {Mesh free modelling of failure and localization in brittle rock.},
	publisher = {In Deformation and Progressive Failure in Geomechanics, Asoaka, Adachi and Oka (Eds.), Pergamon, 15-21.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652505},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 701
@article{wensrich0000numerical,

	author = {Wensrich, C.},
	title = {Numerical modelling of quaking in tall silos},
	journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Quaking in tall mass flow silos is a significant problem faced by industry, and can be treated as a simple one-dimensional system. In this paper, quaking in tall silos is examined using a dynamic version of Janssen\^{a}€™s equation, based on a one-dimensional version of a hypoplastic constitutive model. This model is used to examine the motion of rarefaction waves such as those present at the beginning of each quake cycle, and the numerical solutions for this system show many features in common to experimental findings from previous studies. In particular, the model shows the same exponential growth of the amplitude of quakes with the height of the silo, as that observed experimentally. Through this model the role of wall friction in the quaking process can be understood.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652504},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2003 - Numerical modelling of quaking in tall silos.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {10-10+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2003 - Numerical modelling of quaking in tall silos.pdf},
	volume = {45},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 702
@proceedings{saeki0000discrete,

	title = {Discrete element modeling for dynamics of vibro-impact system},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Saeki, M.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652503},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Discrete element modeling for dynamics of vibro-impact system},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 703
@proceedings{rotter0000specification,

	title = {On the Specification of Loads for the Structural Design of Bins and Silos},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Rotter, J. M. and Pham, L. and Nielsen, J.},
	booktitle = {Second International Conference on Bulk Materials Storage Handling and Transportation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652502},
	comment = {On the Specification of Loads for the Structural Design of Bins and Silos},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Institution of Engineers, Australia, Wollongong},
	pages = {241-247+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 704
@article{rotter0000flow_1,

	author = {Rotter, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Chen, J. F. and Tiley, P. J. and Mackintosh, I. and Bennett, F. R.},
	title = {Flow Pattern Measurement in Full Scale Silos},
	journal = {British Materials Handling Board},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652501},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:37},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 705
@article{tsunakawa0000vertical,

	author = {Tsunakawa, H. and Aoki, R.},
	title = {The vertical force of bulk solids on objects in bins},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The storage of granular solids in silos provides many interesting problems concerning pressures and flow. It is difficult to obtain repeatable and trustworthy results from either experimental studies or theoretical modelling. Comparisons of the best computational models with experiments are, at best, weak, and provide little assurance of the accuracy of any existing predictive model. The study described here was undertaken to explore the predictions of different models on a set of simplified exercise silo problems. For these problems, no experimental results exist, but simpler tests for truth can be used. This paper reports briefly on an international collaborative study into the predictive capacity of current discrete-element and finite-element calculations for the behaviour of granular solids in silos. The predictions of one research group, however eminent, are often not regarded as authoritative by others, so a commonly agreed theoretical solution of simple silo exercises, using different computational models from research groups around the world, is a valuable goal. Further, by setting the same unbiased exercise for both finite elements and discrete elements, a better understanding was sought of the relationships between the two methods and of the strengths of each method in practical silo modelling. The key findings are outlined here from three of the challenge problems: filling a silo; discharge of granular solid from a flat-bottomed silo; and discharge from a silo with a tapered hopper. Both computational methods display considerable shortcomings for these difficult exercises. Different research groups make widely different predictions, even when the problem statement is very detailed. There is much scope for further comparative studies to identify the reasons why different models based on comparable assumptions can produce such varied predictions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652500},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsunakawa, Aoki - 1975 - The vertical force of bulk solids on objects in bins.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO, DEM, FEM},
	old_keywords = {analysis, calculation, challenge, database, dem, discharge, filling, from, granular, jin, jps, numerical, of, oois, powder, pressures, silo, solid, wall},
	number = {3},
	pages = {237-243+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:36},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsunakawa, Aoki - 1975 - The vertical force of bulk solids on objects in bins.pdf},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		discharge,
		filling,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		numeric,
		oois,
		powder,
		pressure,
		silo,
		solid,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 706
@article{bardet0000numerical_2,

	author = {Bardet, J. P.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of the incremental responses of idealized granular materials},
	journal = {International Journal of Plasticity},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;In this paper, shear localization in granular materials is studied as a bifurcation problem based on a conventional (non-polar) and a micro-polar continuum description. General bifurcation conditions are formulated for a non-polar hypoplastic model and its micro-polar continuum extension. These conditions define stress, couple stress and density states at which weak discontinuity bifurcation may occur. The stress states for bifurcation are then compared with the peak stress states, which define a bounding surface for the accessible stress domain in the principal stress space. The results show that, in a micro-polar continuum description, the constitutive model may no longer be associated with weak discontinuity bifurcation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652499},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet - 1994 - Numerical simulations of the incremental responses of idealized granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02694036},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-447NKSM-2/2/a2069f547a7ac1d909a684556786b5e0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/BF02694036},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02694036},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {8},
	pages = {879-908+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:36},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bardet - 1994 - Numerical simulations of the incremental responses of idealized granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 707
@article{khan0000comment_1,

	author = {Khan, K. M. and Bushell, G.},
	title = {Comment on \^{a}€{\oe}Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation\^{a}€},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Drilling deep boreholes on land and sea},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652498},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Khan, Bushell - 2005 - Comment on \^{a}€{\oe}Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation\^{a}€.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
TH4935 .R68 2001
690.892},
	isbn = {0419234608},
	old_keywords = {aarons, construction, database, dem, design, great, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, silos, standards},
	location = {Nedra, Leningrad},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {522-524+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:36},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Spon},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Khan, Bushell - 2005 - Comment on \^{a}€{\oe}Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation\^{a}€.pdf},
	volume = {352},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 708
@proceedings{rotter0000flow_2,

	title = {Flow and pressures in silo structural integrity assessments},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Rotter, J. M.},
	booktitle = {International Symposium: Reliable Flow of Particulate Solids III},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652497},
	comment = {Flow and pressures in silo structural integrity assessments},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Porsgrunn, Norway},
	pages = {281-292+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:36},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 709
@article{rothenburg0000numerical,

	author = {Rothenburg, L. and Bathurst, R. J.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of idealized granular assemblies with plane elliptical particles.},
	journal = {Comput. and Geotech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652496},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {315-329+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 710
@article{castellanos0000relationship,

	author = {Castellanos},
	title = {The relationship between attractive interparticle forces and bulk behaviour in dry and uncharged fine powders},
	journal = {Advances in Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The probability density functions (PDFs) of contact forces in anisotropic, cohesionless and frictional granular materials are studied numerically and theoretically. Using discrete element simulations of biaxial deformation of a large two-dimensional assembly consisting of 200,000 disks, it is observed that the PDFs for the normal and tangential components of the contact forces depend significantly on contact orientation. The PDFs exhibit exponential decay and the PDF for the tangential component of the contact forces is not always symmetrical with respect to zero tangential force. The shape of the PDF for the normal component of the contact forces changes with shear strain. A qualitative explanation for this change is given that is related to the biaxial deformation mechanism in which the disrupted contacts are predominantly oriented in the direction of the minor principle stress. A maximum entropy method is employed to study these PDFs theoretically, using a prescribed stress tensor as constraint. It is found that the theoretical results correspond qualitatively to many of the results obtained from the discrete element simulations. Discrepancies between theory and simulations are attributed to the fact that the kinematics have not been taken into account in the theory.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652495},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Castellanos - 2005 - The relationship between attractive interparticle forces and bulk behaviour in dry and uncharged fine powders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-48CFFJ5-3/2/870446133b293b4a34276f42a3466ba4},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WH1-45PTHD1-19/2/5ecc67c16c9ceca7adf4de66fdf088a8},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, anisotropy, database, dem, density, entropy, force, function, granular, jin, jps, materials, maximum, method, oois, piv, powder, probability},
	number = {4},
	pages = {263-376+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Castellanos - 2005 - The relationship between attractive interparticle forces and bulk behaviour in dry and uncharged fine powders.pdf},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		anisotropy,
		dem,
		density,
		entropy,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		probability,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 711
@article{tuzun0000interface,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Adams, M. J. and Briscoe, B. J.},
	title = {An interface dilation model for the prediction of wall friction in a particulate bed},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this study, a series of discrete element simulations were performed to elucidate the mechanical behavior of particulate materials and their effect on silo wall loads during filling and discharge. The wall pressures were evaluated using a moving average method and the effect of the averaging length of 5 to 15 times the mean particle size was explored. The evaluated wall pressure distribution was quite well represented by a least squares fit to the Janssen theory, which also yielded interesting measures of macroscopic performance. Previous simulations have predicted that shear localization may occur during the discharging of a silo containing monosized particles. This phenomenon is strongly affected by three phenomena: heterogeneity, intensive rotation and dilatancy. The occurrence and evolution of shear ruptures are affected by the properties assumed for the individual particles. However, the orientation angles of the shear rupture planes have been found to be fairly constant within a narrow range. A simple analysis to estimate the dynamic over-pressure on silo walls arising from shear rupture planes is proposed. The pressures so derived are of the right order of magnitude to match experimental observations, and can explain non-symmetric features of wall pressures, together with spatial and temporal fluctuations.},
	booktitle = {ASME-ASCE-SES Joint Summer Meeting},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652494},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Adams, Briscoe - 1988 - An interface dilation model for the prediction of wall friction in a particulate bed.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM SILO
 | 
Discrete element modeling of particulate solids in silos},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1083-1098+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Adams, Briscoe - 1988 - An interface dilation model for the prediction of wall friction in a particulate bed.pdf},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 712
@book{barber0000contact,

	author = {Barber, J. R. and Ciavarella, M.},
	title = {Contact mechanics},
	publisher = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Contact problems are central to Solid Mechanics, because contact is the principal method of applying loads to a deformable body and the resulting stress concentration is often the most critical point in the body. Contact is characterized by unilateral inequalities, describing the physical impossibility of tensile contact tractions (except under special circumstances) and of material interpenetration. Additional inequalities and/or non-linearities are introduced when friction laws are taken into account. These complex boundary conditions can lead to problems with existence and uniqueness of quasi-static solution and to lack of convergence of numerical algorithms. In frictional problems, there can also be lack of stability, leading to stick\^{a}€ ” slip motion and frictional vibrations. If the material is non-linear, the solution of contact problems is greatly complicated, but recent work has shown that indentation of a power-law material by a power law punch is self-similar, even in the presence of friction, so that the complete history of loading in such cases can be described by the (usually numerical) solution of a single problem. Real contacting surfaces are rough, leading to the concentration of contact in a cluster of microscopic actual contact areas. This affects the conduction of heat and electricity across the interface as well as the mechanical contact process. Adequate description of such systems requires a random process or statistical treatment and recent results suggest that surfaces possess fractal properties that can be used to obtain a more efficient mathematical characterization. Contact problems are very sensitive to minor profile changes in the contacting bodies and hence are also affected by thermoelastic distortion. Important applications include cases where non-uniform temperatures are associated with frictional heating or the conduction of heat across a non-uniform interface. The resulting coupled thermomechanical problem can be unstable, leading to a rich range of physical phenomena. Other recent developments are also briefly surveyed, including examples of anisotropic materials, elastodynamic problems and fretting fatigue.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652493},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barber, Ciavarella - 2000 - Contact mechanics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/125/787/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-44GM955-5/2/645add39dd05bbcea893f71a05ddea5d},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
37
1-2},
	isbn = {0521347963},
	journal = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {9},
	pages = {29-43+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Barber, Ciavarella - 2000 - Contact mechanics.pdf},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 713
@article{robert0000analytical,

	author = {Robert, J.},
	title = {Analytical expression between the impact damping ratio and the coefficient of restitution in the non-linear viscoelastic model of structural pounding},
	journal = {Earthquake Engineering \& Structural Dynamics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Earthquake-induced structural pounding has been recently intensively studied with the help of different models of impact force. It has been verified through comparisons, that the non-linear viscoelastic model may be considered somewhat the most accurate one among them. The aim of this short paper is to derive an approximating formula relating the impact damping ratio, as a parameter of the model mentioned, with a more widely used coefficient of restitution. The accuracy of the derived analytical formulation has been confirmed through the comparison with the results of numerical simulations. Copyright ?2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\&nacute;sk University of Technology, Gda\&nacute;sk, Poland},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652492},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.537},
	comment = {10.1002/eqe.537},
	doi = {10.1002/eqe.537},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {9999},
	pages = {n/a+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.537},
	volume = {9999},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 714
@article{oger0000yield,

	author = {Oger, L.},
	title = {Yield and deformation of an assembly of disks subjected to a deviatoric stress loading},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate the effect of particle shape and interparticle friction on the stress-strain-relation using the discrete element method (DEM) in two dimensions. Elongated particles show a significantly higher shear strength than non-elongated particles. The relative maximum which is characteristic for experimental stress-strain curves of granular materials is found only for elongated particles with finite Coulomb friction, which indicates that the particle elongation is an important parameter in the statistical physics of granular materials. An earlier simulation result from another group which showed a maximum for non-elongated particles could be identified to be due to the formation of a shear band. 漏2006 The Physical Society of Japan.},
	address = {Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652491},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Oger - 1998 - Yield and deformation of an assembly of disks subjected to a deviatoric stress loading.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847268785\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3YCM1MX-4C/2/781e7e2f9b941510d2dd751275816c5c},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 2
Export Date: 27 November 2008
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: 104602
References: Diebels, S., (1999), personal communicationMatuttis, H.-G., Ito, N., Schinner, A., (2003) Proc. RIMS Symp. Mathematical Aspects of Complex Fluids III, (1305), p. 89. , RIMS, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, RIMS Ko虃kyu虃roku; Volk, W., Diebels, S., La虉tzel, M., Luding, S., Rep. Inst. Mech. (Bauwesen , (II-7), p. 121. , University of Stuttgart, 2001, in GermanMatuttis, H.-G., (1998) Granular Matter, 1, p. 83; Cundall, P.A., Strack, O.D.L., (1979) Geotechnique, 29, p. 47; Matuttis, H.-G., Ito, N., Watanabe, H., (2003) Proc. Traffic and Granular Flow, p. 455. , Springer, Berlin; El Shourbagy, S.A.M., Matuttis, H.-G., (2005) Proc. Powders and Grains, 2, p. 1289. , Balkema, Leiden; Matuttis, H.-G., Schinner, A., (2001) Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, 12, p. 1011; Schinner, A., Matuttis, H.-G., (1999) Proc. Traffic and Granular Flow, p. 505. , Springer, Berlin; Garci虂a-Rojo, R., McNamara, S., Pen虄a, A.A., Herrmann, H.J., (2005) Proc. Powders and Grains, 1, p. 705. , Balkema, Leiden; Amin, M., Antony, S.J., (2006) Comput. Mater. Sci, 36, p. 381; Matsushima, T., (2003) Proc. JSCE/EqTAP Workshop Seismic Fault-induced Failures, p. 97},
	old_keywords = {aarons, angle, biaxial, compression, curves, database, dem, discrete, element, friction, granular, internal, jin, jps, materials, media, method, non-spherical, numerical, oois, particles, piv, powder, simulations, strain, stress, stress-strain-relation},
	number = {4},
	pages = {189-210+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Oger - 1998 - Yield and deformation of an assembly of disks subjected to a deviatoric stress loading.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		granular,
		internal,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		medium,
		nonspheric,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		strain,
		stress,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 715
@book{ristow0000flow,

	author = {Ristow, G. H.},
	title = {Flow Properties of Granular Materials in Three-dimensional Geometries.},
	publisher = {Verlag Gorich \& Weiershaeuser, Marburg, Germany.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652490},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 716
@article{mu0000analysis,

	author = {Mu, F. and Su, X.},
	title = {Analysis of liquid bridge between spherical particles},
	journal = {China Particuology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652489},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mu, Su - 2007 - Analysis of liquid bridge between spherical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v85/p5102},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Flow Properties of Granular Materials in Three-Dimensional Geometries
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5102},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, database, dem, energy, force, jin, jps, liquid, oois, piv, powder, rupture, surface-wet, viscous},
	location = {Marburg},
	number = {6},
	pages = {420-424+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	school = {Philipps-University Marburg, Physics},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mu, Su - 2007 - Analysis of liquid bridge between spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		dem,
		energy,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		rupture,
		surface,wet,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 717
@article{fournier0000mechanical,

	author = {Fournier, Z. and Geromichalos, D. and Herminghaus, S. and Kohonen, M. M. and Mugele, F. and Scheel, M. and Schulz, M. and Schulz, B. and Schier, C. and Seemann, R. and Skudelny, A.},
	title = {Mechanical properties of wet granular materials},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this work, we first review some general properties of dense granular materials. We are particularly concerned with a statistical description of these materials, and it is in this light that we briefly describe results from four representative studies. These are: experiment 1: determining local force statistics, vector forces, force distributions and correlations for static granular systems; experiment 2: characterizing the jamming transition, for a static two-dimensional system; experiment 3: characterizing plastic failure in dense granular materials; and experiment 4: a dynamical transition where the material 鈥榝reezes鈥?in the presence of apparent heating for a sheared and shaken system.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652488},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fournier et al. - 2005 - Mechanical properties of wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1865/493.abstract},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3SPGWM7-2/2/0c495d9b3ed46c997903157c85e0e633},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {9},
	pages = {S477-S502+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fournier et al. - 2005 - Mechanical properties of wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 718
@proceedings{richman0000homogeneous,

	title = {Homogeneous shear flow of highly inelastic disks: the full range of solid fraction.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Richman, M. W.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 7th Conf of Engineering Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652487},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Homogeneous shear flow of highly inelastic disks: the full range of solid fraction.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Blacksburg, Virginia.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 719
@book{reddy0000energy,

	author = {Reddy, J. N.},
	title = {Energy and Variational Methods in Applied Mechanics.},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, New York.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652486},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 720
@article{li0000interparticle,

	author = {Li, Q. and Rudolph, V. and Weigl, B. and Earl, A.},
	title = {Interparticle van der Waals force in powder flowability and compactibility},
	journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Particle flowability and compactibility are the two critical process parameters tested when a pharmaceutical material is formulated for a tabletting process. These behavioral descriptions are strongly affected by geometrical, physical, chemical and mechanical particle properties, as well as operational conditions. The property influences are broadly known in a qualitative sense, but have largely escaped fundamental quantitative description. Various measurement methods have been separately developed for each of these properties which provide comparative indices to assist in process and formulation design. This paper seeks to establish the connections between interparticle van der Waals force and both flowability and compactibility, and therefore also the inter-relations between the two apparently distinct properties. Paracetamol and the excipients often associated with it for tabletting are used as test materials to provide an initial validation of the theoretical development. These powders are well-characterized and known to be particularly difficult with respect to flowability and compactibility.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652485},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li et al. - 2004 - Interparticle van der Waals force in powder flowability and compactibility.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGM/5/10/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B3S1-7K/2/1c050ddba8e11cd582927c0d75cc9c4a},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, chemical, compressive, database, dem, jin, jps, methods, oois, particle, pharmaceutical, piv, powder, powders, size, strength},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {77-93+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:35},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li et al. - 2004 - Interparticle van der Waals force in powder flowability and compactibility.pdf},
	volume = {280},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		chemical,
		compression,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		pharmaceutical,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 721
@article{rotter0000silo_1,

	author = {Rotter, J. M. and Holst, J. M. F. G. and Ooi, J. Y. and Sanad, A. M.},
	title = {Silo pressure predictions using discrete-element and finite-element analyses},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Microscale deformations are investigated in numerical DEM experiments of a large two dimensional assembly of disks. The assembly was subjected to quasi-static biaxial loading at small to moderate strains. Deformations within individual voids were computed from the relative motions of surrounding particles. Evolution of the local fabric was measured in terms of void-based parameters, including effective void ratio, void cell valence, and shape-elongation of the voids, all of which increased monotonically during loading. A direct correlation was measured between local void shape and dilation, which accounts for the transition from compressive to dilatant behavior. Deformation was very nonuniform at the microscale of individual voids. The predominant deformation structures were thin obliquely trending bands of void cells within which slip deformation was most intense. These "microbands" appeared spontaneously throughout the test, even at the start of loading. The microbands ranged in thickness between one and four particle diameters. Unlike shear bands, the microbands were neither static nor persistent: they would emerge, move, and disappear. Their orientation angle increased as deformation proceeded. Dilation was slightly larger within the microbands than in the surrounding material. Void shapes within the microbands were somewhat elongated, with an elongation direction that was related to the orientations of the microbands. Energy dissipation was concentrated within the microbands, even at small strains. In a small cycle of loading and unloading, local fluctuations in the elastic and plastic slips occurred in opposite directions. No spatial relation was found between the deformation microbands and chains of the most heavily loaded particles. Particle rotations were structured, with the most rapid rotations occurring within and near microbands. The rotations tended to relieve sliding between most particles, but transferred the sliding to a few contacts at which frictional slipping was most intense.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652484},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rotter et al. - 1998 - Silo pressure predictions using discrete-element and finite-element analyses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-3WV9KF7-4/1/3b76b9c7606ffdac44b58ec0abcff30a},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8J-4B8BBFR-2/2/e21b1b63f0e49a880cf92ad3841e09ea},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, band, calculation, challenge, database, deformation, dem, discharge, discrete, element, from, granular, inhomogeneous, jin, jps, lling, localized, material, materials, method, microstructure, numerical, of, oois, patterning, piv, powder, pressures, shear, silo, solid, voids, wall},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {2685-2712+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rotter et al. - 1998 - Silo pressure predictions using discrete-element and finite-element analyses.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		deformation,
		dem,
		discharge,
		discrete,
		granular,
		inhomogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		localization,
		material,
		material,
		microstructure,
		numeric,
		oois,
		pattern,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		shear,
		silo,
		solid,
		void,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 722
@article{mitarai0000simple,

	author = {Mitarai, N. and Nakanishi, H.},
	title = {Simple model for wet granular materials with liquid clusters},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We propose a simple phenomenological model for wet granular media to take into account the many-particle interaction through the liquid in the funicular state as well as the two- body cohesive force by a liquid bridge in the pendular state. In the wet granular media with small liquid content, the liquid forms a bridge at each contact point, which induces a two-body cohesive force due to the surface tension. As the liquid content increases, some liquid bridges merge, and more than two grains interact through a single liquid cluster. In our model, the cohesive force acts between the grains connected by a liquid-gas interface. As the liquid content increases, the number of grains that interact through the liquid increases, but the liquid-gas interface may decrease when liquid clusters are formed. Due to this competition, our model shows that the shear stress has a maximum as a function of the liquid content.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652483},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mitarai, Nakanishi - 2009 - Simple model for wet granular materials with liquid clusters.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4M62KCT-4/2/e97fab8f30f5ad8071292c96d74ca7ee},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8J-4B7N7JN-3/2/4c000ef7eb74611dc42ad76077901355},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, discrete, element, forces, granular, jin, jps, media, method, normal, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {6},
	pages = {64001-64001+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mitarai, Nakanishi - 2009 - Simple model for wet granular materials with liquid clusters.pdf},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		medium,
		normal,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 723
@article{pierrat0000tensile,

	author = {Pierrat, P.},
	title = {Tensile strength of wet granula materials},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652482},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pierrat - 1997 - Tensile strength of wet granula materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/e031307},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Discrete element modelling of the Deformation of bulk agricultural Particulates
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.64.031307},
	old_keywords = {aarons, characteristic, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, solids, strength, tensile, wet},
	location = {Newcastle},
	number = {2},
	pages = {83-93+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	school = {University of Newcastle upon Tyne,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pierrat - 1997 - Tensile strength of wet granula materials.pdf},
	volume = {91},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		solid,
		strength,
		tensile,
		wet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 724
@article{greenwood0000alternative,

	author = {Greenwood, J. A. and Johnson, K. L.},
	title = {An alternative to the Maugis model of adhesion between elastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A variety of experimental techniques have been used to advance understanding of strain localization phenomena in sands. However, all of these methods have fallen short in characterizing the evolution of the grain-scale processes that necessarily control shear band formation and growth in sands. This paper presents results of application of the non-destructive displacement measurement technique of digital image correlation (DIC) to measure two- and three-dimensional surface displacements on plane strain and axisymmetric sand specimens over short time steps. The abundance of local displacement data, high level of accuracy, and nearly continuous (spatially and temporally) record of displacement evolution afforded by the DIC technique has finally enabled a means to quantify local displacements to particulate-scale intensity. The data have been used to evaluate the local displacement mechanisms leading to the triggering of the formation of persistent shear bands, the timing of shear band formation with regard to the achievement of peak stress, and the character of displacements within fully formed shear bands. Insights are offered regarding the relation between strain localization and global stress-strain behavior, and the ensuing interpretations of shear banding as a hardening or softening phenomenon. Comparison of behavior between plane strain and triaxial tests offer additional perspective on the influences of three-dimensional stresses and boundary conditions on shear banding. The results further shed light on the micro-deformation mechanisms (i.e. buckling columns) responsible for the observed local strain non-uniformities that characterize "steady-state" shear band evolution.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652481},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Johnson, Greenwood - 1998 - An alternative to the Maugis model of adhesion between elastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-4H7T113-1/2/3de9bef96053541471f0a98bf02672a0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, bifurcation, correlation, database, dem, dic, digital, granular, image, jin, jps, material, micro-structure, oois, piv, powder, sand, shear},
	number = {1},
	pages = {3279-3290+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Johnson, Greenwood - 1998 - An alternative to the Maugis model of adhesion between elastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		bifurcation,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		microstructure,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 725
@article{ng0000shear,

	author = {Ng, T. T.},
	title = {Shear strength of assemblies of ellipsoidal particles},
	journal = {G\~{A}{\copyright}otechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the literature ample attention is given to the assumptions on which the interpretation of shear-test results from a Jenike shear tester are based. Very little is said, however, about the influence on the test data of the construction of the apparatus itself. In the work described here, the authors have investigated the influence of the loading mechanism on the results. The original Jenike-type tester and a slightly modified one are considered. From the equilibrium conditions, the real normal and shear stresses on the assumed shear plane were derived, which were found to deviate from the external applied stresses. The deviations in the primary results and derived data were quantified by introducing correction factors, the boundary values of which could be calculated. Experiments with three different bulk materials were performed to measure the relevant quantities and to verify the assumptions used in theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the real normal stress on the shear plane was measured directly. From these measurements the experimental correction factors could be derived, which appeared to lie within the boundaries as theoretically predicted. In general it may be concluded that the yield loci and their derived quantities as determined by a properly used Jenike shear tester are, as a rule, suitable for design purposes of e.g. silos. For comparison of results from different testing techniques, however, the deviations introduced by the loading mechanism cannot be neglected.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652480},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 2004 - Shear strength of assemblies of ellipsoidal particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-4DVBFSM-1/2/31c168eca58006e7cb154ebf95c23454},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440WD20-2H/2/457599b3e5ce354e106a3bb5bdbd7090},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2004.08.008},
	old_keywords = {aarons, accumulation, analogue, brittle, database, deformation, dem, displacement, experiments, field, flow, granular, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, shear, strain, zone},
	number = {10},
	pages = {659-669+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 2004 - Shear strength of assemblies of ellipsoidal particles.pdf},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		brittle,
		deformation,
		dem,
		displacement,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 726
@article{song0000study,

	author = {Song, Y. and Turton, R.},
	title = {Study of the effect of liquid bridges on the dynamic behavior of two colliding tablets using DEM},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;The results of a wavelet analysis of data from discrete element modelling (DEM) simulations of samples under biaxial compression are presented. We show how a wavelet technique may be used to find the strain scales on which critical events occur and to identify regions both in space and in strain when particles in the sample undergo significant activity. The wavelet analysis indicates that most activity occurs along a line, and this line coincides with a localization or shear band that develops in the specimen during compression. The location of this shear band can be visually identified by considering the cumulative particle rotation. Furthermore, using cross-correlation we show that the principal stress ratio is correlated with the porosity of the sample along this line. In order to investigate the robustness of the technique, the wavelet analysis is carried out on two different size specimens that both show the same general phenomena.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652479},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Song, Turton - 2007 - Study of the effect of liquid bridges on the dynamic behavior of two colliding tablets using DEM.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0103-5},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Solve Solids Handling Problems by Retrofitting
 | 
10.1007/s10035-008-0103-5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0103-5},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, database, dem, digital, high-speed, imaging, jin, jps, liquid, oois, piv, powder, tablet},
	number = {2},
	pages = {99-108+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Jenike \& Johanson incorporation},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Song, Turton - 2007 - Study of the effect of liquid bridges on the dynamic behavior of two colliding tablets using DEM.pdf},
	volume = {178},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		tablet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 727
@proceedings{psakhie0000discrete,

	title = {Discrete computationaml ethods as the tools for studying behavior of materials, structures and complex media on different scales},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Psakhie, S. G.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652478},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Discrete computationaml ethods as the tools for studying behavior of materials, structures and
complex media on different scales},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 728
@proceedings{preece0000spherical,

	title = {Spherical element bulking mechanisms for modeling blasting induced rock motion.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S. and Taylor, L. M.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652477},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Spherical element bulking mechanisms for modeling blasting induced rock motion.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 729
@proceedings{preece0000complete,

	title = {Complete computer simulation of crater blasting including fragmentation and rock motion.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S. and Taylor, L. M.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Research Symposium, Society of Explosive Engineers Spring Meeting},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652476},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Complete computer simulation of crater blasting including fragmentation and rock motion.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 730
@proceedings{preece0000computer,

	title = {Computer modeling of gas flow and gas loading of rock in a bench blasting environment.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S. and Knudsen, S. D.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652475},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Computer modeling of gas flow and gas loading of rock in a bench blasting environment.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Santa Fe, NM.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:34},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 731
@proceedings{preece0000rock_1,

	title = {Rock blasting 3-D discrete element heave predictions for surface coal mines and rock quanies.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S. and Chung, S. H.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of NARMS-TAC 2002},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652474},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Rock blasting 3-D discrete element heave predictions for surface coal mines and rock quanies.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Toronto, Ontario.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 732
@proceedings{preece0000coupled,

	title = {Coupled explosive gas flow and rock motion modeling with comparison to bench blast field data.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S. and Burchell, S. L. and Scovira, D. S.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of the Fourth Irzternational Syrrzposiuin on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652473},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Coupled explosive gas flow and rock motion modeling with comparison to bench blast field data.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Vienna, Austria},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 733
@proceedings{preece0000influence,

	title = {The influence of damping on computer simulations of rock motion.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Oil Shale Symposhm},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652471},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The influence of damping on computer simulations of rock motion.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 734
@proceedings{preece0000rock_2,

	title = {Rock motion simulation of confined volume blasting.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. S.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652470},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Rock motion simulation of confined volume blasting.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 735
@proceedings{preece0000sand,

	title = {Sand production modeling using superquadric discrete elements and coupling of fluid flow and particle motion.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Preece, D. and Jensen, R. and Perkins, E. and Williams, J.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposiu, Amadei, Kranz, Scott and Smeallie (Eds.),},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652469},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Sand production modeling using superquadric discrete elements and coupling of fluid flow and particle motion.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Balkema, Amsterdam.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 736
@misc{prakash0000discrete,


	author = {Prakash, C. and Samonds, M. and Singhal, A. K. and United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652468},
	comment = {by C. Prakash, M. Samonds, and A.K. Singhal.
NASA contractor report ;
Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche.
 | 
MUDD, Gov't Documents Center, Microform (Non-Circulating) NAS 1.26:179009
 | 
N},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Springfield, Va.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {National Technical Information Service, distributor,},
	title = {Discrete element weld model, phase II final report},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
	},

}

ref_id = 737
@article{potyondy0000bondedparticle,

	author = {Potyondy, D. O. and Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {A bonded-particle model for rock},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652467},
	comment = {Cited By: 6, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, distinct-element, fracture, jin, method, micromechanics, model, numerical, oois, rock},
	number = {8 SPEC.ISS.},
	pages = {1329+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		fracture,
		jin,
		micromechanics,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		rock,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 738
@proceedings{polson0000distinct,

	title = {Distinct element method analyses of fuel spheres in the PBMR core using RFC3D},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Polson, A. G.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP'04},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652466},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
M},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {302+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:33},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 739
@proceedings{pohl0000application,

	title = {Application of PFC3D  for etermination of soil properties and simulation of the excavation process in front of sheet pile wall constructions},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Pohl, M. and Pulsfort, M. and Walz, B.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652465},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Application of PFC3D  for etermination of soil properties and simulation of the excavation process in front of sheet pile wall constructions
},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 740
@article{gremaud0000numerical_1,

	author = {Gremaud, P.},
	title = {Numerical determination of flow corrective inserts for granular materials in conical hoppers},
	journal = {International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652464},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gremaud - 2000 - Numerical determination of flow corrective inserts for granular materials in conical hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/e061303},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.64.061303},
	old_keywords = {aarons, ams, boundary, cations, classical, cohesion, condition, conical, database, dem, describing, equations, granular, in, introduction, jenike, jin, jps, material, mos, of, oois, ow, piv, powder, problem, proposed, rule, s, solution, special, state, steady, subject, the, value, yield},
	number = {5},
	pages = {869-882+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gremaud - 2000 - Numerical determination of flow corrective inserts for granular materials in conical hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		cation,
		cohesion,
		cone,
		dem,
		granular,
		jenike,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		steady,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 741
@proceedings{pierce0000pfc3d,

	title = {PFC3D modeling of inter-particle percolation in caved rock under draw},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Pierce, M. E.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652463},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
PFC3D modeling of inter-particle percolation in caved rock under draw},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 742
@article{perkins0000cgrid,

	author = {Perkins, P. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {C-grid: Neighbor searching for many body simulation.},
	journal = {ICADD-4},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652462},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {427-438+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 743
@article{perkins0000fast,

	author = {Perkins, E. and Williams, J.},
	title = {A fast contact detection algorithm insensitive to object size.},
	journal = {Engineering Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652461},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1/2},
	pages = {48-61+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 744
@article{pentland0000good,

	author = {Pentland, A. P. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation.},
	journal = {SIGGRAPG '89, ACM Computer Graphics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652460},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 745
@article{pentland0000virtual,

	author = {Pentland, A. P. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {Virtual construction.},
	journal = {Construction},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652459},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 746
@proceedings{pentland0000fast,

	title = {Fast simulations on small computers: modal dynamics applied, to volumetric nodes.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Pentland, A. and Williams, J. R.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 20th Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652458},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Fast simulations on small computers: modal dynamics applied, to volumetric nodes.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Pittsburg.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 747
@article{pennec0000silo,

	author = {Pennec, T. L. and Mloy, K. J. and Flekkoy, E. G. and Messager, J. C. and Ammi, M.},
	title = {Silo hiccups: Dynamic effects of dilatancy in granular flow},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652457},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/10/3072/1},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {confined, database, flow, jin, multiphase, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {3072+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/10/3072/1},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		jin,
		multiphase,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 748
@article{peidong0000granular,

	author = {Peidong, Y. and Robert, P. B.},
	title = {Granular friction: A slider experiment},
	journal = {Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652456},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/15/041102/1},
	old_keywords = {birefringence, database, friction, granular, internal, jin, materials, oois, photoelasticity, stresses},
	number = {4},
	pages = {041102+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/15/041102/1},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		birefringence,
		friction,
		granular,
		internal,
		jin,
		material,
		oois,
		photoelasticity,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 749
@proceedings{park0000simulation,

	title = {Simulation of magmatic fabrics using PFC},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Park, Y. and Lee, C. and Ree, J. H.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652455},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Simulation of magmatic fabrics using PFC

},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 750
@proceedings{park0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of discontinuous rock masses},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Park, E. S. and Martin, C. D. and Christiansson, R.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652454},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of discontinuous rock masses},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 751
@article{herrmann0000modeling,

	author = {Herrmann, H. J. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Modeling granular media on the computer},
	journal = {Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652453},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Herrmann, Luding - 1998 - Modeling granular media on the computer.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/130/771/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 41
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, boundary-value, database, dem, flow, granular, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, problems, simulation},
	number = {4},
	pages = {189-231+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Herrmann, Luding - 1998 - Modeling granular media on the computer.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 752
@article{hui0000mechanics,

	author = {Hui, C. Y. and Lin, Y. Y. and Baney, J. M. and Kramer, E. J.},
	title = {The mechanics of contact and adhesion of periodically rough surfaces},
	journal = {Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Gravity flow of granular media through hoppers fitted with slot outlets is often accompanied by the formation of a well-defined zone of relatively fast moving material directly over the outlet. Material adjacent to the fast moving zone may appear adjacent to these slower zones. The situation suggests the presence of discontinuous velocity fields. Direct experimental determination of the velocity field in a flat-bottom bin and a vee-shaped bin fitted with slot outlets substantiates the existence of velocity discontinuities in both instances. By photographically tracking a sufficient number of particles the magnitude and direction of the velocity vector could be determined everywhere. Relatively narrow zones of rapid change in velocity were observed, and these were interpreted as discontinuities. The experimentally determined velocity fields were compared with theoretical velocity fields computed on the basis of traditional plasticity theory in which stress and velocity characteristics coincide and to velocity fields computed on the basis of incompressibility. Predictions based upon incompressibility were found to be in better agreement with experimental values than those of traditional plasticity theory.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652452},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hui et al. - 2001 - The mechanics of contact and adhesion of periodically rough surfaces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-45CVXXR-J/2/ac9be98f5076f92e63152f344f0390f6},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P6C2-4W/2/531701d66936705911a881701b8e8a51},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, asperities, band, contact, contraction, database, dem, dilation, failure, flow, granular, instability, jin, jps, liquefaction, materials, mechanics, nonassociated, of, oois, piv, powder, shear, stress-inten-, work},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1195-1214+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hui et al. - 2001 - The mechanics of contact and adhesion of periodically rough surfaces.pdf},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		band,
		contact,
		dem,
		dilatation,
		failure,
		flow,
		granular,
		instability,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquefaction,
		material,
		mechanics,
		nonassociated,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		stress,
		work,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 753
@article{papradakakis0000method,

	author = {Papradakakis, M.},
	title = {A method for the automatic evaluation of the dynamic relaxation parameters.},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652451},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {35-48+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 754
@book{pande0000numerical,

	author = {Pande, G. N. and Beer, G. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {Numerical Methods in Rock Mechanics.},
	publisher = {John Willey \& Sons, England.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652450},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 755
@proceedings{owen0000finite,

	title = {A finite element-discrete element approach to the simulation of rode blasting problems.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Owen, D. R. J. and Munjiza, A. and Bicanic, N.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings FEMSA-92, 11th Symposium on Finite Element methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652449},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A finite element-discrete element approach to the simulation of rode blasting problems.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {South Africa, Cape Town, 39-59.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 756
@proceedings{ouyang0000simulations,

	title = {Simulations of plug flow in vertical pipe by hard sphere model.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ouyang, J. and Yu, A. B. and Pan, R. H.},
	booktitle = {7th Int. Conf on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652448},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Simulations of plug flow in vertical pipe by hard sphere model.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Newcastle Australia, 801-815},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 757
@article{kuhn0000contact_1,

	author = {Kuhn, M. R. and Bagi, K.},
	title = {Contact rolling and deformation in granular media},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652447},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuhn, Bagi - 2004 - Contact rolling and deformation in granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TWM-4BRBC5P-1/2/9c52a56013c4845d77fcc98bb1f18144},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Three-dimensional discrete element simulations of direct shear tests
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2003.12.007},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, effects, jin, jps, materials, micro-macroscopic, micromechanics, oois, particulate, piv, powder, properties, shape},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {21},
	pages = {5793-5820+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuhn, Bagi - 2004 - Contact rolling and deformation in granular media.pdf},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromacro,
		micromechanics,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		shape,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 758
@article{woerdeman0000contact,

	author = {Woerdeman, D. L. and Emerson, J. A. and Giunta, R. K.},
	title = {JKR contact mechanics for evaluating surface contamination on inorganic substrates},
	journal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element modelling is a viable alternative to conventional continuum-based analysis for analysing problems involving localized deformations of particulate media. However, to aid in the interpretation of the results, it is useful to express the results of discrete element analyses in terms of the continuum parameters of stress and strain. A number of homogenization methods have been proposed to calculate strain in discrete systems; however, two significant limitations of these methods remain. First, none of these methods incorporate particle rotation effects satisfactorily, although significant particle rotation occurs in shear bands in both physical tests and numerical simulations of granular materials. Additionally, observations of the particle displacement fields in shear bands in granular materials indicate that the displacements within the localizations are erratic. Consequently, existing linear, local interpolation approaches produce substantial variations in the strain values calculated in adjacent elements in the region of localization, hindering clear visualization of the strain localization as it evolves. A new method of domain discretization for calculating strain is proposed. This method is capable of capturing particle rotation and employs a non-local meshfree interpolation procedure capable of smoothing the erratic displacements in strain localizations, which better defines their evolution. The proposed method is validated for problems involving both two and three dimensions. A number of methods are compared with the proposed method and pertinent insights are made. Copyright {\copyright} 2003 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 440 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652446},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Woerdeman, Emerson, Giunta - 2002 - JKR contact mechanics for evaluating surface contamination on inorganic substrates.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.304},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.304},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, aluminium, contact, contamination, database, dem, elastomers, epoxy, interfaces, jin, jkr, jps, mechanics, metal, oois, polymer, powder, solid, surface, theory},
	number = {3},
	pages = {257-264+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Woerdeman, Emerson, Giunta - 2002 - JKR contact mechanics for evaluating surface contamination on inorganic substrates.pdf},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		aluminum,
		contact,
		contamination,
		dem,
		elastomer,
		epoxy,
		interface,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		metal,
		oois,
		polymer,
		powder,
		solid,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 759
@article{feise0000review,

	author = {Feise, H. J.},
	title = {A review of induced anisotropy and steady-state flow in powders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Biaxial compression tests have been performed on assemblies of oval cross-sectional rods, in an effort to evaluate the effects of interparticle friction, particle shape, and initial fabric on the overall strength of granular materials. The variation in the spatial arrangement of the particles (fabric) and particle rolling and sliding are monitored by taking photoelastic pictures at various stages during the course of deformation. Based on this, the following conclusions are obtained. (1) Particle rolling appears to be a major microscopic deformation mechanism, especially when interparticle friction is large. (2) There are relatively few contacts at which relative sliding is dominant, and this seems to be true even when the assembly reaches the overall failure state; this observation is in contradiction to the common assumption that particle sliding is the major microscopic deformation mode. (3) During the course of deformation and up to the peak stress, new contacts are continually formed in such a manner that the contact unit normals tend to concentrate more in a direction parallel to the maximum principal compression. This concentration of unit normals seems to be closely related to the formation of new column-like load paths which carry the increasing axial stress under constant lateral force. After the peak stress, such a column-like microstructure disappears and considerable rearrangement of the load paths takes place, leading to a more diffused (homogeneous) microstructure in the critical state. (4) If a fabric tensor Fij, i, J = 1,2,3, is defined to be proportional to the volume average of the quantity mimj, where mi are the rectangular Cartesian components of a unit vector along a vector that connects the centroids of two typical contacting granules, then it appears that the overall stress with components [sigma]ij tends to become coaxial with the fabric tensor Fij, as the overall deformation continues. For two-dimensional granules the result [sigma]ij = [alpha]OFij + [beta]OFjkFkj (k summed) obtained by Mebrabadi, Nemat-Nasser and Oda (1980) by microchemical modeling is confirmed experimentally; [alpha]O and [beta]O are material parameters.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652445},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise - 1998 - A review of induced anisotropy and steady-state flow in powders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-48051X6-2J/2/9d38f3d980e1d8463a19b3612d3d9c25},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/\~{}shaofan/paper18.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/0167-6636(82)90027-8},
	old_keywords = {aarons, anisotropy, database, dem, flow, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, powders, steady-state},
	number = {3},
	pages = {191-200+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise - 1998 - A review of induced anisotropy and steady-state flow in powders.pdf},
	volume = {98},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		anisotropy,
		dem,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		steady,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 760
@article{kuo0000flow,

	author = {Kuo, J. T. and Chou, C. S. and Lo, W. F. and Smid, J. and Hsiau, S. S.},
	title = {The flow patterns and stresses on the wall in a symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Workshop on Quasi-static Deformations of Particulate Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652444},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuo et al. - 2003 - The flow patterns and stresses on the wall in a symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/132/80/1},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Evolution of Localizations in Idealized Granular Materials},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bed, database, deformation, dem, distribution, filter, granular, jin, jps, louvered-wall, materials, micromechanics, microscopy, moving, oois, piv, powder, pressure, pulsation, radiography, rotation, shear, strain, symmetrical},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {166-184+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kuo et al. - 2003 - The flow patterns and stresses on the wall in a symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed.pdf},
	volume = {131},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		deformation,
		dem,
		distribution,
		filtration,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		louvered,wall,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		microscopy,
		moving,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		pulse,
		radiography,
		rotation,
		shear,
		strain,
		symmetry,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 761
@article{thornton0000quasistatic_2,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Antony, S. J.},
	title = {Quasi-static deformation of particulate media},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A two-dimensional model was developed that describes the deformation of an open, mechanically stable chromatographic bed during steady-state flow. It is based on the assumption of pure elastic deformation and the validity of Darcy's law. A control-volume method was used to solve the mathematical equations. The computed pressure profiles agree well with experimental data. Computer simulations indicate that radial void variations, which will cause significant flow variations, may occur under chromatographic flow conditions. A method of measuring Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio in a water-saturated sample at very low stress levels ( < 15 kPa) using a cubic plane strain tester, is also presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652443},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 1998 - Quasi-static deformation of particulate media.pdf},
	comment = {PDF},
	old_keywords = {axisymmetric, compression, database, deformation, dem, evolution, force, granular, jin, jps, media, microstructure, numerical, oois, powder, quasi-static, simulation, transmission},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {2763-2782+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 1998 - Quasi-static deformation of particulate media.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		deformation,
		dem,
		evolution,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		medium,
		microstructure,
		numeric,
		oois,
		powder,
		quasistatic,
		transmission,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 762
@article{nielsen0000scale,

	author = {Nielsen, J. and Askegaard, V.},
	title = {Scale errors in model tests on granular media with special reference to silo models},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The objective of this paper is the measurement of dynamic effects and bulk solid flow profiles in silos using the optical method Particle Image Velocimetry. A sequence of digital images of the moving bulk solid next to the wall in a model silo is analysed. The frame rate between consecutive images and the calculated displacements of particles lead to velocity profiles. The fluctuation of local velocities with time is determined with this method providing insight into the dynamic behavior of the flowing bulk solid. The fluctuations of bulk solids motion lead to changes of the wall stresses measured in a model silo with special load cells. The velocity measurements are combined with stress measurements at the silo walls. The experimental results are compared with results from numerical simulations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652442},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nielsen, Askegaard - 1977 - Scale errors in model tests on granular media with special reference to silo models.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-46749136494\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=6d32a673a581e6f670c95f94ded90175},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4GR8N5R-1/2/10de0c47cbdf99f260726faf8ff9f126},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Export Date: 10 June 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {123-130+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nielsen, Askegaard - 1977 - Scale errors in model tests on granular media with special reference to silo models.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 763
@article{osakue0000experimental,

	author = {Osakue, E. E. and Rogers, R. J.},
	title = {An experimental study of friction during planar elastic impact},
	journal = {Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Transactions of the ASME},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652441},
	comment = {Cited By: 1, Export Date: 9 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {493+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {123},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 764
@article{kafui0000discrete_1,

	author = {Kafui, K. D. and Thornton, C. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A technique is described for measuring the mean velocity gradient (rate-of-displacement) tensor by using a conventional stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system. Planar measurement of the mean vorticity vector, rate-of-rotation and rate-of-strain tensors and the production of turbulent kinetic energy can be accomplished. Parameters of the Q criterion and negative λ2 techniques used for vortex identification can be evaluated in the mean flow field. Experimental data obtained for a circular turbulent jet issuing normal to a crossflow in a low speed wind tunnel for a jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 3.3 are presented to show the applicability of the proposed technique. The results reveal the presence of a secondary counter-rotating vortex pair (SCVP) which is located within the jet core and has a sense of rotation opposite to that of the primary one (PCVP). Consistency of the measurements is verified by the agreement of data obtained in two perpendicular planes. Accuracy of the data is discussed and algebraic relations for some measurement uncertainties are presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652440},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kafui, Thornton, Adams - 2002 - Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0010-z},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-3T6HT9X-6/2/060d6eb6ab6bd201e5e835c25829ec40},
	comment = {PDF, SILO-FEM
 | 
10.1007/s00348-005-0010-z},
	doi = {10.1007/s00348-005-0010-z},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, drop, fluidisation, jin, jps, minimum, modelling, oois, particle-continuum, piv, powder, pressure, simulation, uid, uidisation, velocity},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2395-2410+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kafui, Thornton, Adams - 2002 - Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds.pdf},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		drop,
		fluidization,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,continuum,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		fluid,
		fluidisation,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 765
@article{packham0000work,

	author = {Packham, D. E.},
	title = {Work of adhesion: contact angles and contact mechanics},
	journal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {LTDS/UMR 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69130 Ecully, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652439},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Packham - 1996 - Work of adhesion contact angles and contact mechanics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3\%3C173::AID-CFM90\%3E3.0.CO;2-Z},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
A statistical evaluation of filling and discharging pressures on silo walls
 | 
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3<173::AID-CFM90>3.0.CO;2-Z},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3\%3C173::AID-CFM90\%3E3.0.CO;2-Z},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhes, adhesion, angle, apparatus, components, contact, critical, d, database, dem, energy, equation, esis, fl, forces, good-girifalco, hyster-, jin, jkr, jps, of, on, oois, parameter, piv, powder, surface, tension, work},
	number = {2},
	pages = {121-128+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Packham - 1996 - Work of adhesion contact angles and contact mechanics.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		energy,
		force,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		surface,
		tension,
		work,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 766
@article{tuzun0000gravity_1,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Nedderman, R. M.},
	title = {Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 1},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {An apparatus is described which is designed to investigate the mechanical properties of dry granular bulk solids. The purpose is to explore properties which may affect the pressures exerted by stored solids on the walls of silos and hoppers. A modified soil mechanics triaxial testing apparatus was developed. The apparatus has been arranged to allow tests to be conducted at much lower stress levels than are normally used in soil mechanics investigations, because solids in silos exert pressures on the walls which are generally below 100 kPa, and often below 50 kPa. The investigation is especially concerned with the volumetric behaviour of the solid, because volumetric changes appear to be important for understanding the pressure regimes both on initial filling and during discharge. It is found that tests of this kind are quite difficult to perform. The behaviour of wheat is studied, and a number of results are presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652438},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Nedderman - 1985 - Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 1.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
Triaxial testing of dry granular solids at very low stresses},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {325-336+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	series = {Research Report - University of Sydney, School of Civil and Mining Engineering},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Nedderman - 1985 - Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 1.pdf},
	volume = {40},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 767
@article{wilms0000analysis_2,

	author = {Wilms, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Analysis of the active stress field in hoppers},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652437},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilms, Schwedes - 1985 - Analysis of the active stress field in hoppers.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {15-25+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilms, Schwedes - 1985 - Analysis of the active stress field in hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 768
@article{kudryavtsev0000theoretical,

	author = {Kudryavtsev, Y. V. and Gelinck, E. and Fischer, H. R.},
	title = {Theoretical investigation of van der Waals forces between solid surfaces at nanoscales},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, numerical simulation results of isotropic compression and triaxial static shear tests under drained and undrained stress paths on polydisperse assembly of loose and dense spheres are presented. An examination of the micromechanical behaviour of loose and dense assemblies under drained and undrained conditions, considering the particulate nature of granular materials, has been carried out to explain micromechanically the granular material behaviour at the grain scale level. The numerical simulations have been carried out using a discrete element model (DEM) which considers a 1000 sphere particle polydisperse assembly with periodic space representing an infinite three-dimensional space. In this paper, we present how DEM simulations can contribute to developments in constitutive modelling of granular materials through micromechanical approach using information on microstructure evolution. A series of numerical tests are performed using DEM on 3-D assemblages of spheres to study the evolution of the internal variables such as average co-ordination number and induced anisotropy during deformation along with the macroscopic behaviour of the assemblage in drained and undrained shear tests. In a qualitative sense, the macroscopic stress-strain results and stress path evolution in these simulations using 3-D assemblies demonstrate that DEM simulations are capable of reproducing realistic compression and shear behaviour of granular materials. Copyright ?2002 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube -755 8611, Japan},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652436},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kudryavtsev, Gelinck, Fischer - 2009 - Theoretical investigation of van der Waals forces between solid surfaces at nanoscales.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.240},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-4829VTC-B6/2/702aac3f06d988b49d9a4da844896fcf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1002/nag.240},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.240},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, model, models, oois, piv, powder, semi-empirical},
	number = {16},
	pages = {2580-2587+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kudryavtsev, Gelinck, Fischer - 2009 - Theoretical investigation of van der Waals forces between solid surfaces at nanoscales.pdf},
	volume = {603},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 769
@article{johnson0000mechanics,

	author = {Johnson, K. L.},
	title = {Mechanics of adhesion},
	journal = {Tribology International},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The small scale contacts and very smooth surfaces associated with information storage devices result in adhesive forces playing a more significant role than in more conventional tribological applications. Taking the contact of spherical surfaces to be representative of asperity interactions, the mechanics of adhesion will be reviewed. From the point of view of mechanics adhesion is expressed in terms of the \^{a}€˜work of adhesion\^{a}€™, i.e. the work to separate unit area of the interface, whatever its physical origin; intermolecular forces, electrostatic forces or capillary action. For elastic solids the behaviour is a function of two non-dimensional parameters. One is a measure of the ratio of the adhesive force to the applied load and the other the ratio of elastic deformation to the range of surface forces. A map will be presented having these two parameters as co-ordinates. The effect of inelastic deformation (plastic and viscoelastic) will be considered and a criterion presented for the \^{a}€˜brittle\^{a}€™ or \^{a}€˜ductile\^{a}€™ separation of adhering surfaces.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652435},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson - 1998 - Mechanics of adhesion.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0105-z},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V28-47XF41N-V1/2/7592e84204ad385107d99a4267dc227f},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s11661-006-0105-z},
	doi = {10.1007/s11661-006-0105-z},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, contact, database, dem, energy, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, surface},
	number = {8},
	pages = {413-418+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson - 1998 - Mechanics of adhesion.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		energy,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 770
@article{tuzun0000gravity_2,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Nedderman, R. M.},
	title = {Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 2},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Many theories for the pressures in silo hoppers have been proposed. These are generally simplified versions of elastic or plastic analyses of the solid. As a result, they contain many assumptions of uncertain validity. Rigorous elastic and plastic analyses seem not to have been conducted often, and the nature of the pressure distributions which arise from these assumptions are not widely known. The aim of this paper is to show the form of storing pressure distributions given by rigorous elastic and elastic-plastic calculations for the solid in a conical hopper. Rigorous non-linear finite element calculations of a circular silo and hopper containing homogeneous isotropic elastic or elastic-plastic solid are described. The differences between the two pressure distributions are surprisingly small.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652434},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Nedderman - 1985 - Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 2.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {337-351+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Nedderman - 1985 - Gravity Flow of Granular Materials Round Obstacles - 2.pdf},
	volume = {40},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 771
@article{ooi0000systematic_2,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Pham, L. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {It is well known that the pressures exerted by bulk solids on silo walls vary between filling and discharge. It is less frequently observed that these pressures vary all over the silo wall both in space and in time during discharge. The pressure at any point may be understood as having two components: one systematic and the other random.The systematic component relates to the stored solid, the silo geometry, geometric imperfections in the silo wall, the eccentricity of filling and discharge, and the flow pattern. It can be attributed to causal phenomena. The random component leads to pressure variations with time at any point on the wall which are not related to each other and which are normally ignored in design.In this paper, careful measurements of pressures on the walls of a prototype silo subject to both concentric and eccentric flow are studied to extract the systematic and random components of pressure. The form of the systematic pressure distribution and the magnitudes of the random variations are related to Janssen pressures. The results lead to pressure distributions which can be used as a more rigorous basis for future silo design codes.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652433},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-4829W37-GN/2/db054f705f4563127c154a3be41d1e04},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {74-87+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-4829W37-GN/2/db054f705f4563127c154a3be41d1e04},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 772
@article{askegaard0000design,

	author = {Askegaard, V.},
	title = {Design Basis for Cells Measuring Shear Stresses in an Interface},
	journal = {Geotechnical Testing Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The paper presents results of deformation measurements in dry cohesionless sand during free flow in small rectangular model silos using a non-invasive, indirect method called particle image velocimetry (PIV). It is an optical technique for measuring surface deformations from successive digital images. Laboratory model tests were performed with a mass and funnel flow silo to investigate the kinematics of the flowing sand. The measurements were carried out for granular flow in model silos without inserts and in a funnel flow silo equipped with three different types of inserts: cone-in-cone, inverted cone and double cone. The effect of the initial sand density and roughness of silo walls on the volumetric and deviatoric strain in sand was investigated. The accuracy of measurements was discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of PIV were outlined. The results were qualitatively compared with sand displacements obtained with colored sand layers and with the aid of X-rays (initially dense sand).},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652432},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard - 1984 - Design Basis for Cells Measuring Shear Stresses in an Interface.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4MH29BJ-2/2/1565d37d0bb54b8bae6fdd7279040cf5},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3V7RJFP-9/2/59eec9fb16f03a7965bbc2101fef4cc0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.11.018},
	old_keywords = {aarons, calibration, critcrla, database, deformation, dem, design, flow, friction, image, insert, jin, jps, measurement, model, oois, particle, piv, powder, radiographs, roughness, shcnr, silo, srrcss, tests, velocimetry, wall},
	number = {2},
	pages = {94-98+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard - 1984 - Design Basis for Cells Measuring Shear Stresses in an Interface.pdf},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		flow,
		friction,
		insert,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		radiography,
		roughness,
		silo,
		velocimetry,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 773
@article{tuzun0000microstructural,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Arteaga, P.},
	title = {A microstructural model of flowing ternary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Coal silos have been among the most problematic with regard to flow and structural failures. This paper describes part of a project to improve understanding of the mechanical behaviour of coal and its effect on wall pressures and solids arching. The parameters for several constitutive models were derived from material tests on ground Shannon coal and used in finite element calculations of static wall pressures. The finite element predictions were compared with both existing classical theories and codified design methods.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652431},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Arteaga - 1992 - A microstructural model of flowing ternary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2G-3VVTYXD-1/2/58f0fdfc02549c0eeef0837601f3cfd4},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1619-1634+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Arteaga - 1992 - A microstructural model of flowing ternary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 774
@article{onate0000advances,

	author = {Onate, E. and Flores, F. G.},
	title = {Advances in the formulation of the rotation-free basic shell triangle},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652430},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V29-4FG4BCK-2/2/6244eb465dbc413496b43d5cf69eb73c},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {21-24},
	pages = {2406+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V29-4FG4BCK-2/2/6244eb465dbc413496b43d5cf69eb73c},
	volume = {194},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 775
@proceedings{okura0000fluid,

	title = {Fluid coupling in PFC3D using the measurement spheres},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Okura, Y. and Ochiai, H. and Cundall, P. A. and Shimizu, Y.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652429},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Fluid coupling in PFC3D using the measurement spheres},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 776
@proceedings{ohnishi0000verification,

	title = {Verification of Input parameters for distinct element analysis of jointed rock mass.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ohnishi, Y. and Mimuro, T. and Hakevakl, N. and Yoshida, J.},
	booktitle = {Proc. Int. Symp. on Fundamentals of Rock Joints},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652428},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Verification of Input parameters for distinct element analysis of jointed rock mass.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Bjorkllden.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 777
@article{negi0000numerical,

	author = {Negi, S. C. and Lu, Z. and Jofriet, J. C.},
	title = {A Numerical Model for Flow of Granular Materials in Silos. Part 2: Model Validation},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, the phenomenon of strain localization, i.e., shear banding, in densely distributed metallic assemblies has been studied. A discrete element methodology for analyzing metallic granular materials has been put forward. In this numerical model, elastoplastic contact, as well as friction, rolling resistance and cohesion between spheres, are explicitly taken into account. The calculations reveal that the shear banding mechanism in dense assemblies can be thought as an instability triggered by initial imperfections. Within a band, the motion, deformation and rearrangement of spheres soften the resistance of the aggregate, as these mechanisms create additional geometric imperfections. Additionally, the simulations showed that the shear-band width does not change conclusively with the friction, rolling resistance and plasticity parameters. However, cohesive strength, even in small amounts, drastically increased the shear-band width. Finally, the shear-band thickness and inclination angles are strongly dependent on the degree of initial imperfection. Whereas for a perfect assembly the shear band inclinations were consistently around 60? more heterogeneous assemblies lead to shear band angles closer to the continuum mechanics solution, which is 45? This was found to be in agreement with recent experimental observations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652427},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Negi, Lu, Jofriet - 1997 - A Numerical Model for Flow of Granular Materials in Silos. Part 2 Model Validation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-49WMRVT-3/2/d169b91567a7c4f76b516ab76ae9a04a},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-3V6YDDY-1/2/c26c27fa80c3e1877f54f42c1987f4b5},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2003.08.003},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, cohesion, database, dem, dense, granular, jin, jps, material, metallic, oois, packing, piv, plasticity, powder, shear},
	number = {3},
	pages = {231-236+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Negi, Lu, Jofriet - 1997 - A Numerical Model for Flow of Granular Materials in Silos. Part 2 Model Validation.pdf},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		dense,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		metal,
		oois,
		packing,
		piv,
		plasticity,
		powder,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 778
@article{ogawa0000dispersion,

	author = {Ogawa, H. and Takeuchi, M.},
	title = {Dispersion of dumped sand from hopper-barges.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the JSCE},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652426},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {39-49+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {161},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 779
@article{oda0000microscopic,

	author = {Oda, M. and Konishi, J.},
	title = {Microscopic deformation mechanism of granular material in simple shear.},
	journal = {Soils and Foundations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652425},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {25-38+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 780
@book{obert0000rock,

	author = {Obert, L. and Duvall, W. I.},
	title = {Rock Mechanics and the Design of Structures in Rock.},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, New York.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652424},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 781
@article{goryacheva0000capillary,

	author = {Goryacheva, I. G. and Makhovskaya, Y. Y.},
	title = {Capillary adhesion in the contact between elastic solids},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652423},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goryacheva, Makhovskaya - 1999 - Capillary adhesion in the contact between elastic solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v79/p4994},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4994},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {117-125+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goryacheva, Makhovskaya - 1999 - Capillary adhesion in the contact between elastic solids.pdf},
	volume = {63},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 782
@phdthesis{hartl0000study,

	author = {H\"{a}rtl, J.},
	title = {A study of granular solids in silos with and without an insert},
	school = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652422},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v86/p3308},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2008 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3308
 | 
A study of granular solids in silos with and without an insert},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {15},
	pages = {3308+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v86/p3308},
	volume = {86},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 783
@article{grossstuck0000application,

	author = {Gro{\ss}st\"{u}ck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Application of model tests on cohesive bulk solids using silo centrifuge technique},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;The packing of granular particles is investigated using a combined finite-discrete element approach. One of the aims of this paper is to present an application of a recently improved numerical simulation technique for deformable granular material with arbitrary shapes. Our study is focused on the influence of the effect of the particle shape on (1) the emergent properties of a granular pack (packing density, coordination number, force distribution), and on (2) the spatial distribution of the stress. A set of simulations that mimick the sedimentation process is carried out, with varying input parameters, such as contact friction and particle shape. It is shown that the eccentricity of the particles not only significantly influences the final density of the pack but also the distribution of the stress and the contact forces. The presence of surface friction increases the amount of disorder within the granular system. Stress heterogeneities and force chain patterns propagate through the particles more efficiently than for the frictionless systems. The results also suggest that for the monodisperse systems investigated the coordination number is one of the factors that controls the distribution of the stress within a granular medium.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652421},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2005 - Application of model tests on cohesive bulk solids using silo centrifuge technique.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-009-0148-0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-009-0148-0},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-009-0148-0},
	old_keywords = {aarons, centrifuge, database, dem, design, jenike-method, jin, jps, model, oois, piv, powder, scale-up, silo, technique, tests},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {149-155+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2005 - Application of model tests on cohesive bulk solids using silo centrifuge technique.pdf},
	volume = {157},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		centrifuge,
		dem,
		jenike,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		scale,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 784
@article{or0000viscosity,

	author = {{O.R., W.} and Braun, R. L.},
	title = {Viscosity, granular-temperature and stress calculations for shearing assemblies of Inelastic, frictional disks.},
	journal = {J. Rheology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652420},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {949-980+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 785
@article{seifried0000numerical,

	author = {Seifried, R. and Schiehlen, W. and Eberhard, P.},
	title = {Numerical and experimental evaluation of the coefficient of restitution for repeated impacts},
	journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The development of the method of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is traced by describing some of the milestones that have enabled new and/or better measurements to be made. The current status of PIV is summarized, and some goals for future advances are addressed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652419},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Seifried, Schiehlen, Eberhard - 2005 - Numerical and experimental evaluation of the coefficient of restitution for repeated impacts.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0991-7},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys106},
	comment = {PDF, SANDPILE
 | 
10.1007/s00348-005-0991-7},
	doi = {10.1007/s00348-005-0991-7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cient, coefficient, corresponding, database, de, dem, e-mail, elastic, elements, elsevier, experiments, fax, finite, front, jin, jps, ltd, material, matter, mechb, of, oois, piv, plastic, powder, r, reserved, restitution, rights, see, seifried, tel, uni-stuttgart, waves},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {508-524+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Seifried, Schiehlen, Eberhard - 2005 - Numerical and experimental evaluation of the coefficient of restitution for repeated impacts.pdf},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		matter,
		oois,
		piv,
		plastic,
		powder,
		restitution,
		wave,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 786
@article{anand0000predicting_2,

	author = {Anand, A. and Curtis, J. S. and Wassgren, C. R. and Hancock, B. C. and Ketterhagen, W. R.},
	title = {Predicting discharge dynamics of wet cohesive particles from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM)},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We review and discuss the results of our granular鈥揹ynamics simulations of the time evolution of the microstructure of compact granular beds as found in pouring, in hopper filling and discharge, and in a shear cell. These systems are mainly quasi鈥搒tatic. However, it is also common to encounter localized 鈥榮hear zones鈥?with significant velocity/voidage fluctuations and high bulk鈥搒train gradients. These narrow鈥揵anded zones are separated from near鈥搒tatic regions by sharp, discontinuous changes of bulk stress and voidage. Within these bands the granular assembly undergoes a transition from the quasi鈥搒tatic to the inertial state, where enduring particle contacts are increasingly replaced by collisional ones. We focus on the discrete particle origins of this inhomogeneous yield/flow behaviour. We show the usefulness of analysing the local evolution in terms of relative rotation of the grains which is observed to cause rapid local bulk dilation responsible for setting off avalanches near free鈥搒urface boundaries and protracted bulk鈥揻ailure planes in confined static assemblies. We also present some evidence to suggest that allowing for effective continuous particle鈥損article interactions could approximate observed effects attributable to particle shape and surface roughness. Wavelet analyses have been applied successfully to generate the variations in periodicity and the relative sequence of evolution of the stress, strain鈥搑ate and voidage states in avalanching granular heaps and in the wall region of axially symmetric hopper flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652418},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anand et al. - 2009 - Predicting discharge dynamics of wet cohesive particles from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM).pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/362/1822/1931.abstract},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-497YX5S-2/2/b0f6a46655fb7dc6925e7d3093a9ee73},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, cohesion, database, dem, discharge, discrete, element, flow, granular, hopper, jin, jps, liquid, materials, method, oois, particulate, piv, powder, processes, rate, simulation},
	number = {24},
	pages = {5268-5275+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anand et al. - 2009 - Predicting discharge dynamics of wet cohesive particles from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM).pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		discharge,
		discrete,
		flow,
		granular,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		material,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		rate,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 787
@article{ning0000distinct,

	author = {Ning, Z. and Boerefijn, R. and Ghadiri, M. and Thornton, C.},
	title = {Distinct element simulation of impact breakage of lactose agglomerates},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652417},
	comment = {Cited By: 18, Export Date: 26 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {15+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 788
@article{puri0000computer,

	author = {Puri, V. M. and Ladipo, D. D.},
	title = {Computer controlled shear cell for measurement of flow properties of particulate materials},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The main purpose of this paper is a broad review of developments in observation and interpretation of localization in geomaterials in the laboratory, with an emphasis on low mean stress situations. Laboratory investigation of strain localization in granular soils and rocks has been pursued extensively and very accurate strain field evolution measurement techniques have been developed, including false relief stereophotogrammetry (FRS) and computed tomography (CT). These permit full characterization of strain localization, from onset to complete shear band formation. This paper reviews studies of sand, clay, sandstone, stiff marl and concrete, and observations of incipient and developed localization in initially 'homogeneous' laboratory tests are presented. Development of localization and peak strength, critical stress and strain, shear band orientation and thickness, and complex localization patterns are discussed. Deformation during triaxial compression of sand is shown to develop complex strain localization patterns. Consequently, the critical void ratio concept in granular materials is reconsidered. Void ratio evolution, global and local, monitored by CT, shows a limiting void ratio being rapidly attained in the strain localization zones. In cohesive materials (clays, rocks and concrete), crack development is also commonly observed. Displacement discontinuity measurement techniques are presented and the results for different cohesive geomaterials are discussed. ?The Geological Society of London 2007.},
	address = {ECOSSE (Edinburgh Collaborative of Subsurface Science and Engineering), Joint Research Institute, Edinburgh Research Partnership in Engineering and Mathematics},
	booktitle = {Geological Society Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652416},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Puri, Ladipo - 1997 - Computer controlled shear cell for measurement of flow properties of particulate materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38549110526\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Incorporation of Rayleigh damping into TRUBAL and determination of the critical time step
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 6 January 2009
Source: Scopus
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 6 January 2009
Source: Scopus
 | 
Strain localization in geomaterials},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {135-146+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Puri, Ladipo - 1997 - Computer controlled shear cell for measurement of flow properties of particulate materials.pdf},
	volume = {92},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 789
@phdthesis{wehry0000simulation,

	author = {Wehry, T.},
	title = {2D Simulation of Shear Testing Devices for Granular Materials with the Distinct Element MethodSimulation},
	school = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Full scale tests were carried out in a 46 m high, 7 m. diameter silo, using barley as the silo medium. 41 pressure cells were mounted in the silo. Eight tests were carried out, 5 with eccentric discharge and 3 with central discharge. Two model tests were also carried out. (from authors abstract)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652415},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wehry - 2002 - 2D Simulation of Shear Testing Devices for Granular Materials with the Distinct Element Method.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
2D Simulation of Shear Testing Devices for Granular Materials with the Distinct Element Method},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	pages = {1-108+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wehry - 2002 - 2D Simulation of Shear Testing Devices for Granular Materials with the Distinct Element Method.pdf},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 790
@proceedings{morgan0000comparative,

	title = {Comparative Laboratory and Numerical Simulations of Shearing Granular Fault Gouge},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present a simple model of forces inside a granular medium. The model is applied to simulate the forces within a sandpile, and has further the feature of generating the sandpile itself. At the bottom of the sandpile the distribution of vertical forces shows a local minimum under the apex of the pile, in coherence with experimental observations.},
	author = {Morgan, J. K. and Marone, C.},
	booktitle = {AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652414},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan, Marone - 2004 - Comparative Laboratory and Numerical Simulations of Shearing Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3VSGC2R-R/2/f1527a0c10e3e45b1e60d80a7446605b},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B600-DP/2/079b894f1b35ba06becae5486257e0c5},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Comparative Laboratory and Numerical Simulations of Shearing Granular Fault Gouge},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {03-03+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan, Marone - 2004 - Comparative Laboratory and Numerical Simulations of Shearing Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	volume = {230},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 791
@article{wensrich0000experimental,

	author = {Wensrich, C.},
	title = {Experimental behaviour of quaking in tall silos},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The investigations described in the article relate to silo models, for which special problems arise in connection with the filling. In addition, the model problems are largely common to all models containing granular media, for which reason many of the results can be applied to other model tests. The model problems discussed concern the question of whether it is possible to transfer knowledge regarding a structure (model) to geometrically similar structures. Results of the tests carried out are described.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652413},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2002 - Experimental behaviour of quaking in tall silos.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {7-7+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2002 - Experimental behaviour of quaking in tall silos.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 792
@article{walters0000validation,

	author = {Walters, J. K. and Asmar, B. N. and Langston, P. A. and Matchett, A. J.},
	title = {Validation tests on a distinct element model of vibrating cohesive particle systems},
	journal = {Computers and Chemical Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Large displacement flows in granular solids occur whenever silos are discharged. Measurements of pressures during flow, combined with visual observations of flow patterns and control tests on the ensiled solids, have revealed several phenomena contributing to pressure variations during flow. Not only are the pressure variations time dependent within a single silo, but significant systematic differences are found between one silo and another, even when the two are superficially identical and contain similar ensiled materials. One serious outcome is that silo pressures are quite unsymmetrical even in symmetrical silos, and this is a most dangerous phenomenon for the safety of the silo structure. The loss of symmetry can largely be traced to inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the ensiled material, developed by the initial packing during filling. Thus, unless the mechanism of packing is understood, the mechanics of these solids cannot be modelled. The sensitivity of granular materials to stress history and the role of geometrically imperfect boundaries present other complications in interpreting observations and understanding the mechanics of silo pressures and flow regimes. No current theory of silo loads covers these phenomena, which themselves are only illustrative examples of current shortcomings. More comprehensive constitutive models are needed for application to silos and large-scale granular solids flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652412},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walters et al. - 2002 - Validation tests on a distinct element model of vibrating cohesive particle systems.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, database, dem, errors, inhomogeneity, jin, jps, of, oois, packing, particles, powder, scale, symmetry},
	number = {6},
	pages = {785-802+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walters et al. - 2002 - Validation tests on a distinct element model of vibrating cohesive particle systems.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		dem,
		inhomogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		packing,
		particle,
		powder,
		scale,
		symmetry,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 793
@article{walz0000effect,

	author = {Walz, J. Y.},
	title = {The effect of surface heterogeneities on colloidal forces},
	journal = {Advances in Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Centrifuge modelling offers a technique calling for very few assumptions in the constitutive equations, and tests can be performed very quickly. For systematic silo research the centrifuge model therefore seems to be an attractive tool. In fact, however, this technique has been used in very few cases, and this paper deals with the experience gained over a period of about 15 years at one of those laboratories. The paper outlines the work carried out and also discusses the difficulties in fulfilling the model law assumptions due to problems arising from the experimental techniques. Such problems are caused by the centrifuge set-up, the pressure cell technique used, and difficulties in making direct, visual observations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652411},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walz - 1998 - The effect of surface heterogeneities on colloidal forces.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
Centrifuge testing as a tool in silo research},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	pages = {119-168+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walz - 1998 - The effect of surface heterogeneities on colloidal forces.pdf},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 794
@article{wassgren0000dilute,

	author = {Wassgren, C. R. and Cordova, J. A. and Zenit, R. and Karion, A.},
	title = {Dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A series of pressure measurements have been carried out in a circular fly ash bin with a diameter of 16 m and a height of 28 m. The bin is emptied by an arrangement that causes sector-wise fluidizing in the slightly inclined bottom. This silo has been equipped with 19 pressure cells to measure the total pressure, and the same number or pore pressure cells and temperature transducers. The test results show that two types of flow field can exist, depending on certain conditions: one with mass flow and an almost rotationally symmetric pressure distribution, and one with partial funnel flow and a non-uniform pressure distribution. During flow it has been observed that the flow field can suddenly change between these two types. Such changes have been found to be connected with a considerable loss of potential energy, giving rise to dynamic phenomena in the structure.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652410},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wassgren et al. - 2003 - Dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3318-3318+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wassgren et al. - 2003 - Dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 795
@article{waters0000mechanics,

	author = {Waters, J. and Lee, S. and Guduru, P.},
	title = {Mechanics of axisymmetric wavy surface adhesion: JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition solution},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652409},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Waters, Lee, Guduru - 2009 - Mechanics of axisymmetric wavy surface adhesion JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition solution.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
Load distribution in silos influenced by anisotropic grain behaviour},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1033-1042+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Waters, Lee, Guduru - 2009 - Mechanics of axisymmetric wavy surface adhesion JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition solution.pdf},
	volume = {46},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 796
@article{weigert0000calculation,

	author = {Weigert, T. and Ripperger, S.},
	title = {Calculation of the Liquid Bridge Volume and Bulk Saturation from the Halflling Angle},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A continuation of earlier work on silo structures carried out at the Structural Research Laboratory is described. On the basis of very general basic equations, two model laws are given, one corresponding to the individual particles of the particulate material being similar in the same ratio as the remaining geometry, and the other corresponding to the use of the same particles in model and prototype. Account is taken of both time-dependent material properties in the particulate medium and the effect of the pore medium on the stress and strain field. The model laws contain the requirement to an increased, homogeneous gravitational field, and an account is given of the errors that arise if, instead, a gravitational field produced in a centrifuge is used. Finally, the question of the degree to which the model conditions can be satisfied for various groups materials is discussed. The results can be widely applied to other problems relevant to particulate media.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652408},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Weigert, Ripperger - 1999 - Calculation of the Liquid Bridge Volume and Bulk Saturation from the Halflling Angle.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {238-242+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Weigert, Ripperger - 1999 - Calculation of the Liquid Bridge Volume and Bulk Saturation from the Halflling Angle.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 797
@article{wu0000easytoimplement,

	author = {Wu, J. J.},
	title = {Easy-to-Implement Equations for Determining Adhesive Contact Parameters with the Accuracy of Numerical Simulations},
	journal = {Tribology Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract: In this paper we present experimental results concerning the compaction of a granular assembly of spheres under periodic shear deformation. The dynamics of the system is slow and continuous when the amplitude of the shear is constant, but exhibits rapid evolution of the volume fraction when a sudden change in shear amplitude is imposed. This rapid response is shown to be uncorrelated with the slow compaction process.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652407},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu - 2008 - Easy-to-Implement Equations for Determining Adhesive Contact Parameters with the Accuracy of Numerical Simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s101890070001},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SHEAR},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, contact, database, dem, jin, jps, maugis-dugdale, numerical, oois, powder, simulation},
	number = {2},
	pages = {99-105+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu - 2008 - Easy-to-Implement Equations for Determining Adhesive Contact Parameters with the Accuracy of Numerical Simulations.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		maugis,dugdale,
		numeric,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 798
@article{gilabert0000adhesive,

	author = {Gilabert, F. A. and Quintanilla, M. A. S. and Castellanos, A. and Valverde, J. M.},
	title = {Adhesive elastic plastic contact: theory and numerical simulation},
	journal = {Zamm},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract: \&nbsp;\&nbsp;We present series of experiments on the resistance force encountered by a bottom piston pushing a vertical granular column confined in a two-dimensional cell. We show that, due to the presence of friction at the boundaries and between the grains, the signal shows many complex features. At slow driving velocities, we observe a transition to a stick-slip dynamic instability. Depending on the granular material used, the elementary stick-slip events may either be well characterized or largely distributed. We present a statistical study on the waiting time between events and the distribution of energy release as a function of the spring stiffness and the driving velocity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652406},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gilabert et al. - 2007 - Adhesive elastic plastic contact theory and numerical simulation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050715},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3SPKXT9-18/2/e85a79038848477a165f122ca1545db7},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s100510050715},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050715},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, behavior, contact, database, dem, dynamics, elastic-plastic, fully-plastic, jin, jps, mechanics, micro-contact, molecular, nano-contact, oois, piv, powder, simulations},
	number = {2},
	pages = {128-138+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gilabert et al. - 2007 - Adhesive elastic plastic contact theory and numerical simulation.pdf},
	volume = {87},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		microcontact,
		molecule,
		nanocontact,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 799
@proceedings{ni0000effect,

	title = {Effect of particle properties on soil behaviour: 3-D numerical modelling of shearbox tests},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ni, Q. and Powrie, W. and Zhang, X. and Harkness, R.},
	booktitle = {Geotechnical Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652405},
	comment = {Cited By: 1, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
M},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {96},
	pages = {58+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 800
@article{le0000silo,

	author = {Le Pennec, T. and M\r{a}l{\o}y, K. J. and Flekk{\o}y, E. G. and Messager, J. C. and Ammi, M.},
	title = {Silo hiccups: dynamic effects of dilatancy in granular flow},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652404},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Le Pennec et al. - 1998 - Silo hiccups dynamic effects of dilatancy in granular flow.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4NB2WPB-D/2/72f3557c066af8fc2af39a530e3c91de},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/130/1188/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.02.051
 | 
{Le Pennec}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, behavior, classification, cohesion, compressive, database, dem, fluidization, force, geldart, granular, hydrostatics, interparticle, jin, jps, materials, micromechanics, oois, overpressure, overshoot, piv, powder, pressure, testing},
	number = {12},
	pages = {3072-3072+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Le Pennec et al. - 1998 - Silo hiccups dynamic effects of dilatancy in granular flow.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		compression,
		dem,
		fluidization,
		force,
		geldart,
		granular,
		hydrostatics,
		interparticle,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		oois,
		overpressure,
		overshoot,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 801
@article{schulze0000examination_2,

	author = {Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {An examination of initial stresses in hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We consider the question of how stress is transmitted in aggregates. The macroscopic state of a powder is summarized by its compactivity X[reverse not equivalent]([not partial differential]V/[not partial differential]S). In aggregates where the particles have stuck together (e.g. lipid crystals in margarines, or in flocculated colloids) the materials has a fractal structure on which stress is carried. In a non-cohesive powder we consider the possibility that the stress will be carried by domes of particles, giving a dimensionality for the set of stressed particles between 2 and 3. Finally we observe that there is a coupling between the structure (described by its compactivity X) and the distribution of stress.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652403},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schulze, Schwedes - 1994 - An examination of initial stresses in hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVK-46TYXCJ-2T/2/a43f79a186a6544f02f600c8be5f9e21},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/0167-2789(89)90176-0},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {13},
	pages = {2047-2058+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schulze, Schwedes - 1994 - An examination of initial stresses in hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 802
@article{langston0000distinct,

	author = {Langston, P. A. and Al-Awamleh, M. A. and Fraige, F. Y. and Asmar, B. N.},
	title = {Distinct element modelling of non-spherical frictionless particle flow},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Two-dimensional numerical experiments on a random array of circular and elliptical particles were performed using the discrete element method (DEM) to study the behavior of idealized granular soil. A new program called ELLIPSE2 was developed and used to show the stress-strain behavior of granular soil under monotonic drained compressive loading and cyclic constant volume loading at various shear strains (10−6 to 10−3). In these numerical simulations, the granular soil was represented by a 2-D random array of elastic, rough quartz particles. The random array consists of a mixture of circular and elliptical particles. The numerical results were compared with available experimental data on actual sands with good agreement. These results are extremely encouraging and clearly show the potential of a program such as ELLIPSE2 for studying granular soil behavior.},
	address = {Inst. for Computer Applications 1, Pfaffenwaldring 27, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652402},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston et al. - 2004 - Distinct element modelling of non-spherical frictionless particle flow.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032221899\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-481DS68-1N/2/32385064bf17f741d3d69d0247763e4c},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 74
Export Date: 23 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, distinct, dynamic, element, granular, jin, jps, mathematical, modelling, non-spherical, oois, particle, piv, powder, simulation},
	number = {2},
	pages = {425-435+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston et al. - 2004 - Distinct element modelling of non-spherical frictionless particle flow.pdf},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		mathematics,
		model,
		nonspheric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 803
@article{nematnasser0000certain,

	author = {Nemat-Nasser, S.},
	title = {Certain basic issues in finite-deformation continuum plasticity.},
	journal = {Mechanica},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652401},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {223-229+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 804
@article{raji0000model_1,

	author = {Raji, A. O. and Favier, J. F.},
	title = {Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. II: Compression of oilseeds},
	journal = {Journal of Food Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A hybrid numerical model based on Þnite-element and discrete-element methods was veriÞed for modelling the {\ss}ow of granular materials in silos or bins. Laboratory experiments involving gravity {\ss}ow of soybean from a parallel wall bin with length-to-width ratio of three (state of plane strain) were carried out for di¤erent outlet widths. Computer simulations successfully matched most of the observed features of the physical tests. The results showed that the maximum wall pressure occurs near the top of the hopper in the transition region from parallel to convergent {\ss}ow. The ratio of the dynamic pressure to the static pressure at the level of transition ranged from 2*5 to 3*6 depending upon the width of the outlet. ( 1997 Silsoe Research Institute},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652400},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Raji, Favier - 2004 - Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. II Compression of oilseeds.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v88/e115505},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, FEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.115505},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {373-380+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Raji, Favier - 2004 - Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. II Compression of oilseeds.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 805
@book{nedderman0000statics_1,

	author = {Nedderman, R. M.},
	title = {Statics and Kinenlatics of Granular Materials.},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652399},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 806
@proceedings{narayanasamy0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical modeling of weak sand behavior},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Narayanasamy, R.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652398},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Numerical modeling of weak sand behavior},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 807
@proceedings{nakata0000macromechanical,

	title = {Macro-mechanical behavior for an assembly of grains modeled by bonding spheres},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Nakata, Y. and Bolton, M. D. and Cheng, Y. P.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652397},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Macro-mechanical behavior for an assembly of grains modeled by bonding spheres},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 808
@book{mustoe0000penetration,

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R. and Hocking, G. and Worgan, K.},
	title = {Penetration and fracturing of brittle plates under dynamic impact},
	publisher = {INTERA Technologies, Inc.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652396},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 809
@book{mustoe0000discrete_1,

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R. and Hocking, G.},
	title = {The discrete element method in geotechnical engineering.},
	publisher = {In Developments in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering-3, Banerjee, P.K. and Butterfield, R. (Eds.), New York; Elsevier, 233-263.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652395},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 810
@book{mustoe0000discrete_2,

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R. and Hocking, G.},
	title = {The discrete element method in geotechnical engineering.},
	publisher = {In Developments in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, (Ch. 7), Elsevier, Barking, U.K.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652394},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 811
@article{leedesautels0000theory,

	author = {Lee-Desautels, R.},
	title = {Theory of van der Waals Froces as Applied to Particulate Materials},
	journal = {Materials Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element modelling is a viable alternative to conventional continuum-based analysis for analysing problems involving localized deformations of particulate media. However, to aid in the interpretation of the results, it is useful to express the results of discrete element analyses in terms of the continuum parameters of stress and strain. A number of homogenization methods have been proposed to calculate strain in discrete systems; however, two significant limitations of these methods remain. First, none of these methods incorporate particle rotation effects satisfactorily, although significant particle rotation occurs in shear bands in both physical tests and numerical simulations of granular materials. Additionally, observations of the particle displacement fields in shear bands in granular materials indicate that the displacements within the localizations are erratic. Consequently, existing linear, local interpolation approaches produce substantial variations in the strain values calculated in adjacent elements in the region of localization, hindering clear visualization of the strain localization as it evolves. A new method of domain discretization for calculating strain is proposed. This method is capable of capturing particle rotation and employs a non-local meshfree interpolation procedure capable of smoothing the erratic displacements in strain localizations, which better defines their evolution. The proposed method is validated for problems involving both two and three dimensions. A number of methods are compared with the proposed method and pertinent insights are made. ?2003 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Dept. of Civil/Environmental Eng., University of California, 440 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652393},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lee-Desautels - 2005 - Theory of van der Waals Froces as Applied to Particulate Materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0042322593\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1017/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 13
Export Date: 9 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, homogenization, jin, jps, kinematic, materials, methods, numerical, oois, piv, powder, simulations, strain},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lee-Desautels - 2005 - Theory of van der Waals Froces as Applied to Particulate Materials.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		homogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		kinematics,
		material,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 812
@proceedings{mustoe0000proceedings,

	title = {Proceedings of the 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W. and Henriksen, M. and Huttelmaier, H. P.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652392},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Proceedings of the 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 813
@misc{mustoe0000numerical,


	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652391},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A numerical and experimental study of the performance and safety issues for ore pass system.},
	editor = {Progress},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	title = {A numerical and experimental study of the performance and safety issues for ore pass system.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
	},

}

ref_id = 814
@proceedings{mustoe0000special,

	title = {Special elements in discrete element analysis.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	booktitle = {1st U.S. Conference on Discrete Elernents},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652390},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Special elements in discrete element analysis.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 815
@article{maugis0000contact,

	author = {Maugis, D.},
	title = {On the contact and adhesion of rough surfaces},
	journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, triaxial tests and numerical simulations using the discrete element method (DEM) are combined to explore the underlying mechanisms of the unique behavior of artificially cemented sands. The experimental results show that strength enhancement, volumetric dilation, and the shear banding associated failure mode are observed in Portland cement sand; these features become more pronounced with increasing cement content. Different responses are found in gypsum-cemented sand even though both types of cemented sand specimens were prepared under very similar void ratios before shearing. The DEM simulations on the Portland cement sand were carried out under two particular arrangements (i.e., the use of small cementing particles and flexible membrane boundaries). The simulation results reveal that particles in the bonding network jointly share the loading and many micro force-chains associated with cementation are created. Compared with uncemented sand, a more stable and stronger force-chain complex subjected to smaller force concentration is formed in cemented sand, which gives rise to higher strength. Intensive bond breakage, concentrated relative particle movement, column-like force chains, great particle rotation, and high local porosity are found inside the shear band. The bonded clusters remain at large strains to help stabilize the particle arch and therefore to maintain the volumetric dilation. 漏 2008 NRC Canada.},
	address = {Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652389},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maugis - 1996 - On the contact and adhesion of rough surfaces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-43K47GG-KX/2/2434e59e4b813b17de150f479c893db3},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 27 November 2008
Source: Scopus
References: Abdulla, A.A., and Kiousis, P.D. 1997. Behavior of cemented sands - I. Testing. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 21(8): 533-547. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199708)21: 8<533::AID-NAG889>3.0.CO;2-0Acar, Y.B., El-Tahir, A.E., Low strain dynamic properties of artificially cemented sand (1986) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 112, pp. 1001-1015; Airey, D.W. 1993. Triaxial testing of naturally cemented carbonate soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 119(9): 1379-1398. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1993)119:9(1379)Bass, J.D., Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts (1995) Mineral physics and crystallography, AGU, reference shelf 2, pp. 45-63. , Edited by T.J. Ahrens. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. pp; Clough, G.W., Iwabuchi, J., Rad, N.S., Kuppusamy, T., Influence of cementation on liquefaction of sands (1989) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 115, pp. 1102-1117; Clough, G.W., Sitar, N., Bachus, R.C., Rad, N.S., Cemented sands under static loading (1981) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 107, pp. 799-817; Corriveau, D., Savage, S.B., Oger, L., Internal friction angles: Characterization using biaxial test simulations (1996) IU-TAM Symposium on Mechanics of Granular and Porous Materials. Cambridge, U.K. 15-17, pp. 313-324. , July, Edited by N.A. Fleck and A.C.F. Cocks, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston, Mass. pp; Dupas, J., Pecker, A., Static and dynamic properties of sand-cement (1979) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 105, pp. 419-436; Hazzard, J.F., Young, R.P., Maxwell, S.C., Micromechanical modelling of cracking and failure in brittle rocks (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (B7), pp. 16 683-16 697. , doi:10.1029/2000JB900085; Huang, J.T., and Airey, D.W. 1998. Properties of artificially cemented carbonate sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 124(6): 492-499. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE) 1090-0241(1998)124:6(492)Ismail, M.A., (2000) Strength and deformation behavior of calcite cemented calcareous soil, , Ph.D. thesis, The University of Western Australia, Perth,Australia; Ismail, M.A., Joer, H.A., Sim, W.H., and Randolph, M.F. 2002. Effect of cement type on shear behavior of cemented calcareous soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128(6): 520-529. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-024 1(2002)128:6 (520)Iwashita, K., and Oda, M. 1998. Rolling resistance at contacts in simulation of shear band development by DEM. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 124(3): 285-292. doi:10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-9399(1998)124:3(285)Kuhn, M.R., A flexible boundary for three-dimensional DEM particle assemblies (1995) Engineering Computations, 12, pp. 175-183; Ladd, R.S., Preparing test specimens using undercompaction (1978) Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, 1, pp. 16-23; Lade, P.V., Overton, D.D., Cementation effects in frictional materials (1989) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 115, pp. 1373-1387; Leroueil, S., Vaughan, P.R., The general and congruent effects of structure in natural soils and weak rocks (1990) Ge虂otechnique, 40, pp. 467-488; Li, X.S., Chan, C.K., and Shen, C.K. 1988. An automatic triaxial testing system. Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock. In Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock, ASTM STP 977. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadephia, Pa. pp. 95-106Mitchell, J.K., Soga, K., (2005) Fundamentals of soil behavior, , 3rd edition. John Wiley \& Sons, New York; Nakata, Y., Hyde, A.F.L., Hyodo, M., Murata, H., A probabilistic approach to sand particle crushing in the triaxial test (1999) Ge虂otechnique, 49, pp. 567-583; Oda, M., Deformation mechanism, of sand in triaxial compression tests (1972) Soils and Foundations, 12, pp. 45-63; Oda, M., Konish, J., Nemat-Nasser, S., Experimental micromechanical evaluation of strength of granular materials: Effect of particle rolling (1982) Mechanics of Materials, 1, pp. 267-283; Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., Siever, R., (1987) Sand and sandstone, , 2nd edition. Springer-Verlag, New York; Potyondy, D.O., Cundall, P.A., A bonded-particle model for rock (2004) International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, pp. 1329-1364. , doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.011; Radjai, F., Wolf, D.E., Jean, M., Moreau, J.J., Biomodal character of stress transmission in granular packing (1998) Physical Review Letters, 80, pp. 61-64. , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.61; Santamarina, J.C., Klein, A., Fam, M.A., (2001) Soils and waves, , John Wiley \& Sons, New York; Saxena, S.K., Avramidis, A.S., Reddy, K.R., Dynamic moduli and damping ratios for cemented sands at low strains (1988) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 25, pp. 353-368; Schnaid, F., Prietto, P.D.M., and Consoli, N.C. 2001. Characterization of cemented sand in triaxial compression. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127(10): 857-868. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090- 0241(2001)127:10(857)UR - http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41849133930\&partnerID=40},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, band, bond, cluster, contact, database, dem, dilation, discrete, distribution, element, force-chain, friction, jin, jps, mechanics, method, oois, piv, powder, rough, shear, surfaces, volumetric},
	number = {2},
	pages = {161-175+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maugis - 1996 - On the contact and adhesion of rough surfaces.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		band,
		cluster,
		contact,
		dem,
		dilatation,
		discrete,
		distribution,
		force,chain,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		roughness,
		shear,
		surface,
		volumetric,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 816
@article{murariu0000modelling,

	author = {Murariu, V. and Svoboda, J. and Sergeant, P.},
	title = {The modelling of the separation process in a ferrohydrostatic separator},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652388},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-4D4PPC8-5/2/7897ff97f5beb833c1d83aef75dd392d},
	old_keywords = {concentration, database, dense, gravity, jin, medium, modelling, oois, separation, simulation},
	number = {4},
	pages = {449+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-4D4PPC8-5/2/7897ff97f5beb833c1d83aef75dd392d},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		dense,
		gravity,
		jin,
		medium,
		model,
		oois,
		separation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 817
@proceedings{murariu0000modeling,

	title = {The modeling of the separation process in a ferrohytlrostatic separator using discrete elcment method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Murariu, V. and Svoboda, J. and Sergeant, P.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652387},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
The modeling of the separation process in a ferrohytlrostatic separator using discrete elcment method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 818
@proceedings{munjiza0000energy,

	title = {Energy and momentum preserving contact algorithm for general 2D and 3D contact problems.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Owen, D. R. J. and Crook, A. J. L.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652386},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Energy and momentum preserving contact algorithm for general 2D and 3D contact problems.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Barcelona, Spain, 829-841.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 819
@proceedings{munjiza0000concept,

	title = {A concept of contact element in the discrete element method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Owen, D. R. J. and Bicanic, N. and Xian, L.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings NEC-91, Int. Conf. on Nonlinear Engineering Computations, Bicanic et al. (Eds.)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652385},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A concept of contact element in the discrete element method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Pineridge Press, 435-448},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:28},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 820
@article{munjiza0000combined_1,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Owen, D. R. J. and Bicanic, N.},
	title = {A combined finite-discrete element method in transient dynamics of fracturing solids},
	journal = {Int. J. Eng. Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652384},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {145-174+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 821
@article{munjiza0000proportional,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Owen, D. R. J.},
	title = {A Km proportional damping in explicit integration of dynamic structural systems},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652383},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1277-1296+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 822
@article{munjiza0000dynamics,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Latham, J. P. and John, N. W. M.},
	title = {3D dynamics of discrete element systems comprising irregular discrete elements.},
	journal = {Int. J. Nurn. Methods Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652382},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {35-55+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 823
@article{munjiza0000challenges,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Latham, J. P. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	title = {Challenges of a coupled combined finite-discrete element approach to explosive induced rock fragmentation.},
	journal = {FRAGBLAST - Int. J. Fragmentation and Blasting},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652381},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {237-250+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 824
@proceedings{munjiza0000grand,

	title = {Grand challenge of discontinuous deformation analysis, plenary lecture.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Latham, J. P.},
	booktitle = {5 th Int. Conf. on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652380},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Grand challenge of discontinuous deformation analysis, plenary lecture.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Israel},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 825
@proceedings{munjiza0000computational,

	title = {Computational and algorithmic challenge of modelling discontinua, keynote lecture.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Latham, J. P.},
	booktitle = {3rd Int. Conf. On Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652379},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Computational and algorithmic challenge of modelling discontinua, keynote lecture.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Santa Fe, CA.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 826
@proceedings{munjiza0000challenge,

	title = {Challenge of modelling particulate and fracturing solids, keynote lecture},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Latham, J. P.},
	booktitle = {5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652378},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Challenge of modelling particulate and fracturing solids, keynote lecture},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Vienna},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 827
@electronic{munjiza0000combined_2,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and John Wiley},
	title = {The combined finite-discrete element method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652377},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470020180},
	comment = {[electronic resource] / Ante Munjiza.
 | 
0470020180 (electronic bk.)
 | 
G
 | 
Hoboken, NJ},
	doi = {10.1002/0470020180},
	old_keywords = {database, deformations, element, finite, jin, mathematical, mechanics, method, models, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470020180},

	keywords = {
		deformation,
		jin,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 828
@article{munjiza0000mesh,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and John, N. W. M.},
	title = {Mesh size sensitivity of the combined FEM/DEM fracture and fragmentation algorithms},
	journal = {Eng. Fract. Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652376},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {281-295+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 829
@proceedings{munjiza0000object,

	title = {Object oriented programming concepts in discrete element analysis of fracturing media.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Bicanic, N. and Owen, D. R. J.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Intentational Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652375},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Object oriented programming concepts in discrete element analysis of fracturing media.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Barcelona, Spain, 1949 -1966.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 830
@proceedings{munjiza0000discretized,

	title = {Discretized contact solution for combined finitediscrete method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F. and White, J. R.},
	booktitle = {5th ACME Conf.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652374},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discretized contact solution for combined finitediscrete method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {London, UK, 96-100.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 831
@article{munjiza0000combined_3,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F. and White, J. K.},
	title = {Combined single and smeared crack model in combined finite-discrete element method.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652373},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {41-57+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 832
@article{munjiza0000discretised,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	title = {Discretised penalty function method in combined finite-discrete element analysis.},
	journal = {Int. J. Nurn. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652372},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1495-1520+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 833
@article{munjiza0000detonation,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	title = {Detonation gas model for combined finite-discrete element modelling of fracture and fragmentation.},
	journal = {Int. J. Nurn. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652371},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1377-1396+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 834
@proceedings{munjiza0000femdem,

	title = {A FEM/DEM model for flow through cracked solids.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	booktitle = {7th ACME Conference on Contputational Mechaflic},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652370},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A FEM/DEM model for flow through cracked solids.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Durham, UK.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 835
@article{munjiza0000contact,

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	title = {NBS contact detection algorithm for bodies of similar size.},
	journal = {Int. J. Nurn. Meth. Eng},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652369},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {131-149+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 836
@proceedings{munjiza0000improved,

	title = {Improved fracture solutions .for the combined finite-discrete element method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Munjiza, A. and Andrews, K. R. F.},
	booktitle = {6th ACME Conference on Computational Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652368},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Improved fracture solutions .for the combined finite-discrete element method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Exeter, UK},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 837
@book{munjiza0000fracture,

	author = {Munjiza, A.},
	title = {Fracture, fragmentation and rock blasting models in the combined finite-discrete element method.},
	publisher = {In Fracture of Rock. Computational Mechanics Publications.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652367},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 838
@book{munjiza0000combined_4,

	author = {Munjiza, A.},
	title = {Combined finite-discrete element models for blasting and mining operations.},
	publisher = {In Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) and simulations of Discontinuous Media, Reza Salami, M. and Banks, D. (Eds.),},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652366},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Berkeley, CA, 518-525.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 839
@article{walton0000computer,

	author = {Walton, O. R.},
	title = {Computer simulation of rapidly flowing granular solids},
	journal = {Science on Form, KTK Scientific Publishers, Tokyo},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Usually the scale influence on pressure distributions and flow patterns in silos is considered to be less important, but recent test results reveal big errors at least in the case of slender grain silos. This paper deals with results from tests which were carried out in a Swedish reinforced concrete silo 45 m high and 7 m in diameter and in a laboratory silo which is a 1:10 scale model of the Swedish one, referred to as the middle-scale model. Supplementary tests have been carried out in a small centrifuge silo model and the results have been compared with similar tests performed in the middle-scale model.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652365},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walton - 1990 - Computer simulation of rapidly flowing granular solids.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {175-189+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walton - 1990 - Computer simulation of rapidly flowing granular solids.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 840
@article{schwedes0000review,

	author = {Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, we study the transport of particles through a porous structure. Experimentally, we focus our attention on the dependence of the mean transit time on some parameters like the number of small particles injected in the structure, and the height of the packing. We have developed a numerical model, based on a DEM method, to simulate the experiment. This model is useful for accessing the internal structure of the packing and for analysing precisely the influence of the restitution coefficient and the size ratio between spheres.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652364},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schwedes - 2003 - Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4D7CFH0-1/2/4c15c20dacb43fc415ff6a7b120194ba},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
1742-5468
 | 
1742-5468-2006-07-P07019},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, data, database, dem, design, equipment, flow, flowability, for, friction, function, jin, jps, measured, most, of, of-, oois, ow, piv, powder, properties, racterization, s, shear, silo, solid, ten, tester, the, to, used},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-43+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schwedes - 2003 - Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		dem,
		flow,
		flow,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		silo,
		solid,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 841
@article{muhlhaus0000thickness,

	author = {Muhlhaus, H. B. and Vardoulakis, I.},
	title = {The thickness of shear bands in granular materials},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652363},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {271-283+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 842
@article{shaohua0000extension,

	author = {Shao-Hua, C. and Zhi-Long, P.},
	title = {An Extension of the Two-Dimensional JKR Theory to the Case with a Large Contact Width},
	journal = {Chinese Physics Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652362},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shao-Hua, Zhi-Long - 2009 - An Extension of the Two-Dimensional JKR Theory to the Case with a Large Contact Width.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/123/577/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=7F4CBRY5G793X68X},
	comment = {PDF, DEM FEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {12},
	pages = {124601-124601+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shao-Hua, Zhi-Long - 2009 - An Extension of the Two-Dimensional JKR Theory to the Case with a Large Contact Width.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 843
@article{muhlhaus0000application,

	author = {Muhlhaus, H. B.},
	title = {Application of Cosserat theory in numerical solutions of limit load problems.},
	journal = {Ing.-Archiv.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652361},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {124-137+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 844
@article{greenwood0000adhesion_2,

	author = {Greenwood, J. A.},
	title = {Adhesion of small spheres},
	journal = {Philosophical Magazine},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {More than 40 years ago, Professor J.C.M. Li put forth the concept of grain boundary ledges as sources for dislocations. Since then, there have been numerous confirmations of grain boundary dislocation sources, consistent with the fundamental features of interfaces, and we will demonstrate these observations in deformed metals and alloys observed in the TEM after specific levels of plastic strain. More recently, Professor Li has proposed a new mechanism for severe plastic deformation, or superplastic flow beyond the normal realm of plasticity which involves a so-called "interfacial fluid" that allows for continuous, solid-state flow accommodating large plastic strains, and even very high strain rates. Some interesting examples of severe plastic deformation illustrating these issues, and the connectedness to the incipient and normal plastic regime (the stress-strain diagram) will be presented by examining high velocity and hypervelocity impact craters in polycrystalline metals and alloys. These exhibit varying degrees of plastic strain and associated microstructures evolving from dislocation emission and interaction, and the actual plastic flow and jetting of solid-state material from the crater rims, which are shown to be arrays of adiabatic shear bands composed of dynamically recrystallized grains. The concept of an "interfacial fluid" will be examined considering dense dislocation arrays in the grain boundary phase regime utilizing the amorphous dislocation lattice concept also originated by Professor Li several decades ago.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652360},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 2009 - Adhesion of small spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXD-4H98T4M-2/2/435e77351af40381caf4f552d435ea27},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.063},
	old_keywords = {aarons, boundary, database, dem, dislocation, drx, grain, jin, jps, lattice, oois, piv, powder, sliding, spd, superplasticity},
	number = {11},
	pages = {945-965+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 2009 - Adhesion of small spheres.pdf},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		dem,
		dislocation,
		drx,
		grain,
		jin,
		jps,
		lattice,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sliding,
		superplasticity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 845
@article{rabinovich0000capillary,

	author = {Rabinovich, Y. I. and Adler, J. J. and Esayanur, M. S. and Ata, A. and Singh, R. K. and Moudgil, B. M.},
	title = {Capillary forces between surfaces with nanoscale roughness},
	journal = {Advances in Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652359},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rabinovich et al. - 2002 - Capillary forces between surfaces with nanoscale roughness.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGE/111/1108/1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, atomic, bearing, capacity, capillary, characteristic, clay, database, dem, force, foundations, jin, jps, microscope, nanoscale, oois, penetration, performance, pile, piv, powder, rela-, roughness, surface},
	number = {9},
	pages = {213-230+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rabinovich et al. - 2002 - Capillary forces between surfaces with nanoscale roughness.pdf},
	volume = {111},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		atomic,
		bearing,
		capillary,
		clay,
		dem,
		force,
		foundation,
		jin,
		jps,
		microscopy,
		nanoscale,
		oois,
		penetration,
		performance,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		roughness,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 846
@book{mroz0000initiation,

	author = {Mroz, Z. and Zubelewicz, A.},
	title = {On initiation of flow of granular materials from hoppers.},
	publisher = {In Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, Vermeer, P.A. and Lucrer, H.J. (Eds.), Balkema, 569-577.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652358},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 847
@article{fu0000impact,

	author = {Fu, J. and Adams, M. J. and Reynolds, G. and Salman, A. D. and Hounslow, M.},
	title = {Impact deformation and rebound of wet granules},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract: \&nbsp;\&nbsp;We investigate both numerically and analytically the effect of strong disorder on the large-scale properties of the hyperbolic equations for stresses proposed in J.-P. Bouchaud, M.E. Cates, P. Claudin, J. Phys. I 5, 639 (1995), and J.P. Wittmer, P. Claudin, M.E. Cates, J.-P. Bouchaud, Nature 382, 336 (1996); J.P. Wittmer, P. Claudin, M.E. Cates, J. Phys. I 7, 39 (1997). The physical mechanism that we model is the local splitting of the force chains (the characteristics of the hyperbolic equation) by packing defects. In analogy with the theory of light diffusion in a turbid medium, we propose a Boltzmann-like equation to describe these processes. We show that, for isotropic packings, the resulting large-scale effective equations for the stresses have exactly the same structure as those of an elastic body, despite the fact that no displacement field needs to be introduced at all. Correspondingly, the response function evolves from a two-peak structure at short scales to a broad hump at large scales. We find, however, that the Poisson ratio is anomalously large and incompatible with classical elasticity theory that requires the reference state to be thermodynamically stable.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652357},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fu et al. - 2004 - Impact deformation and rebound of wet granules.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101890170100},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s101890170100},
	doi = {10.1007/s101890170100},
	old_keywords = {aarons, coefficient, contact, database, dem, granule, impact, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, rebound, restitution, stress, wet},
	number = {3},
	pages = {248-257+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fu et al. - 2004 - Impact deformation and rebound of wet granules.pdf},
	volume = {140},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		granular,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		rebound,
		restitution,
		stress,
		wet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 848
@article{fu0000experimental,

	author = {Fu, J. and Reynolds, G. and Adams, M. J. and Hounslow, M. and Salman, A. D.},
	title = {An experimental study of the impact breakage of wet granules},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652356},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fu et al. - 2005 - An experimental study of the impact breakage of wet granules.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v89/e084302},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.084302},
	old_keywords = {aarons, aging, breakage, database, dem, granule, impact, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, strength, wet},
	number = {14},
	pages = {4005-4018+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fu et al. - 2005 - An experimental study of the impact breakage of wet granules.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		aging,
		breakage,
		dem,
		granular,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		strength,
		wet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 849
@article{sheng0000numerical,

	author = {Sheng, Y. and Lawrence, C. J. and Briscoe, B. J. and Thornton, C.},
	title = {Numerical studies of uniaxial powder compaction process by 3D DEM},
	journal = {Engineering Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652355},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sheng et al. - 2004 - Numerical studies of uniaxial powder compaction process by 3D DEM.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDW-4VDS8GG-1/2/79752d66499030e83c8454642fd9b40f},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2008.12.034},
	old_keywords = {3d, aarons, analysis, calculation, compression, considering, contact, cyclic, database, deformation, dem, discrete, element, employed, experimentation, finite, friction, granular, in, is, jin, jps, local, manufacturing, material, modelling, numerical, of, oois, paper, particles, piv, plastic, powder, program, simulation, study, the, this, to, trubal, uniaxial, which},
	number = {2/3/4},
	pages = {304-317+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sheng et al. - 2004 - Numerical studies of uniaxial powder compaction process by 3D DEM.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		3d,
		aarons,
		compression,
		contact,
		deformation,
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		plastic,
		powder,
		uniaxial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 850
@article{fraige0000vibration,

	author = {Fraige, F. Y. and Langston, P. A. and Matchett and Dodds, J.},
	title = {Vibration induced flow in hoppers: DEM 2D polygon model},
	journal = {Particuology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652354},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fraige et al. - 2008 - Vibration induced flow in hoppers DEM 2D polygon model.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v87/e035506},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.035506},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, database, dem, handling, hoppers, jin, jps, materials, oois, piv, polygon, powder, solids, vibration},
	number = {6},
	pages = {455-466+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fraige et al. - 2008 - Vibration induced flow in hoppers DEM 2D polygon model.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		dem,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		polygon,
		powder,
		solid,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 851
@article{gilabert0000computer_1,

	author = {Gilabert, F. A. and Roux, J. N. and Castellanos, A.},
	title = {Computer simulation of model cohesive powders: Influence of assembling procedure and contact laws on low consolidation states},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experimental observations and numerical simulations of the large force inhomogeneities present in stationary bead packs are presented. Forces much larger than the mean occurred but were exponentially rare. An exactly soluble model reproduced many aspects of the experiments and simulations. In this model, the fluctuations in the force distribution arise because of variations in the contact angles and the constraints imposed by the force balance on each bead in the pile.},
	address = {Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652353},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gilabert, Roux, Castellanos - 2007 - Computer simulation of model cohesive powders Influence of assembling procedure and contact laws on low consolidation states.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0013549443\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM AND PDM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 288
Export Date: 12 April 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-31+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gilabert, Roux, Castellanos - 2007 - Computer simulation of model cohesive powders Influence of assembling procedure and contact laws on low consolidation states.pdf},
	volume = {75},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 852
@article{dong0000assessment,

	author = {Dong, H. and Moys, M. H.},
	title = {Assessment of discrete element method for one ball bouncing in a grinding mill},
	journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Speed is one of the important parameters in tumbling ball mills because it affects the dynamic motion of the balls within the mill. In turn the motion of the balls affects the distribution of the forces and thus the power draft of the mill. The main objective of this work is to model the dynamics of mill startup using the discrete element method (DEM). To achieve the experimental objective speed and torque as a function of time during mill startup were measured experimentally. A 0.55 m diameter mill was used to perform the experimental analysis. Load volume, J of 0\% and 20\% and mill speed of 70\%, 100\%, 120\% and 150\% of the critical are analyzed in detail. The DEM software, MillSoft (by Rajamani) was used to model the experimental results. During the experiments, the mill was allowed to ramp from rest until it reached the setpoint; after this it continued at constant speed. We have developed good dynamic models of mill speed. The experiments show that torque is the same for all conditions up to the point where each attains steady state, because the ramp rate is constant. The final torque for speeds greater than 100\% of the critical speed (experiments and simulations) is not zero because only one layer of balls centrifuges in the time used. The experimental and the simulated torque compare well. Overall the dynamics of mill startup can be modelled with semiquantitative accuracy using DEM.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652352},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2002 - Assessment of discrete element method for one ball bouncing in a grinding mill.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V48-4M94563-1/2/3319ce6c12b74b9e23ab3ae782373009},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-45V6RFN-3/2/6e00eb2ad4924fdc2cb6001a11352190},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, crack, database, dem, eshelby, i, inclusion, jin, jps, mode, oois, piv, powder, t-stress, theory, toughening, transformation},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {213-226+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2002 - Assessment of discrete element method for one ball bouncing in a grinding mill.pdf},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		crack,
		dem,
		eshelby,
		jin,
		jps,
		mode,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		toughening,
		transformation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 853
@proceedings{mizumoto0000evaluation,

	title = {Evaluation of castle stone wall stability with the particle flow code},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Mizumoto, M. and Cao, G. Q.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652351},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Evaluation of castle stone wall stability with the particle flow code},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 854
@proceedings{mitra0000stress,

	title = {Stress redistribution determination through coupled laboratory testing and numerical modeling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Mitra, R. and Johnson, W. B. and Westman, E. C.},
	booktitle = {2005 SME Annual Meeting: Got Mining - Preprints},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652350},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
M},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {869+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 855
@article{feise0000influence,

	author = {Feise, H. J. and diger Schmitt, R.},
	title = {Influence of Tester Geometry, Speed and Procedure on the Results from a Ring Shear Tester},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, the discrete element method (DEM) is employed to analyse the wet granulation process. It is essentially a computer simulation of various types of interactions of particles in a rotating drum that eventually results in tracking of trajectories of each particle and particle agglomerates. Non-linear spring-dashpot type contact models are used to monitor particle–particle and particle–wall interactions. The contact between the particles in the presence of a binder is modelled by the well-known JKR theory. To establish the potential of this numerical approach, a 10-cm rotating drum is simulated with a polydispersed system of particles of top size 1 mm. A scraper is suitably located within the drum to restrict the motion of the adhered particles along the mill shell. A spray zone is located within the drum such that the particles receive the binder dosage only within this spray zone. A drying time is also specified beyond which the particles no longer adhere together. Implementation of these ideas within the computer program makes the simulation more realistic, which in turn allows prediction of the steady-state size distribution of the agglomerates.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652349},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise, Schmitt - 2004 - Influence of Tester Geometry, Speed and Procedure on the Results from a Ring Shear Tester.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v69/p1189},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-44PKMR8-1/2/55b1c409c3d918bc6e5c9bddc0496a77},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1189},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, compressible, database, dem, easy, flow, flowing, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, properties, ring, rotational, shear, solids, tester},
	number = {5},
	pages = {403-410+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feise, Schmitt - 2004 - Influence of Tester Geometry, Speed and Procedure on the Results from a Ring Shear Tester.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		compression,
		dem,
		flow,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		ring,
		rotation,
		shear,
		solid,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 856
@article{vuquoc0000discreteelement_1,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, L. and Walton, O. R. and Zhang, X.},
	title = {A 3-D discrete-element method for dry granular flows of ellipsoidal particles},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The discrete element method (DEM) has emerged as a powerful tool for simulating discrete particle systems. It has wide application in the field of mining and mineral processing where it can be used as a design and diagnostic tool for industrial size tumbling mills. The simulation of tumbling mills involves the calculation of contact forces between the colliding balls in order to predict the enmasse charge motion, ball wear, power draw, collision spectra, etc. These calculations are made by modeling the contact by a set of spring, dashpot and slider elements. The manner of implementation of these contact elements within the DEM framework and the associated contact parameters determine the accuracy of the simulation. A physically more realistic contact model based on theoretical contact mechanics is described. The model is not implementation specific and requires only material parameters that may be obtained from standard tests. In addition, the model allows for a variation in the coefficient of restitution as a function of impact velocity. The implementation of this contact model is illustrated by simulating a 0.545 m diameter ball mill.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652348},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Walton, Zhang - 2000 - A 3-D discrete-element method for dry granular flows of ellipsoidal particles.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {483-528+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Walton, Zhang - 2000 - A 3-D discrete-element method for dry granular flows of ellipsoidal particles.pdf},
	volume = {187},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 857
@article{feng0000adhesive,

	author = {Feng, J. Q.},
	title = {Adhesive Contact of Elastically Deformable Spheres: A Computational Study of Pull-Off Force and Contact Radius},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Elastic spheres in contact deform around the contact region, due to intermolecular interaction forces. The deformed contacting surfaces change the distance between interacting molecules that in turn alters the force of interaction. Thus, the contact behavior of elastic spheres constitutes a nonlinear mathematical problem that defies the traditional analytical methods for general solution. Efficient computational techniques have enabled a detailed study of adhesive contact behavior of elastically deformable spheres with self-consistent solutions of a nonlinear integral governing equation. The present work extends the previous computational analysis to the quantities of practical interests such as the pull-off force and the radius of contact area. Trends of variations in the pull-off force as physical properties change are examined. Computationally determined radial positions as stress condition indicators suggest that the concept of contact radius is not clearly defined in the literature and can be confusing. It seems that some contact mechanics models would be consistent with the definition of the edge of contact area as the radial position for the local surface stress to change from compression to tension, whereas others would rather assume the contact radius as the radial position for the local tensile stress to reach its peak. The substantial quantitative deviation of self-consistently computed contact radius from the DMT model prediction suggests that models based on the assumption of a well-defined contact area having a constant gap may not be appropriate when describing cases of small values of Tabor's parameter. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652347},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Feng - 2001 - Adhesive Contact of Elastically Deformable Spheres A Computational Study of Pull-Off Force and Contact Radius..pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBN-4292J9M-1/2/eae9eb575c5bd83b55a45e3547a638db},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0085-3},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, cohesion, contact, database, deformable, dem, elastically, force, jin, jones, jps, law, lennard, oois, particle, piv, powder, pull-off, radius, spheres},
	number = {2},
	pages = {318-323+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Feng - 2001 - Adhesive Contact of Elastically Deformable Spheres A Computational Study of Pull-Off Force and Contact Radius..pdf},
	volume = {238},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		cohesion,
		contact,
		deformation,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		force,
		jin,
		jones,
		jps,
		lennard,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		pulloff,
		radius,
		sphere,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 858
@article{mishra0000determination,

	author = {Mishra, B. K. and Murty, C. V. R.},
	title = {On the determination of contact parameters for realistic simulation of tumbling mills},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652346},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {290-297+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {115},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 859
@book{minty0000rock,

	author = {Minty, E. J. and Kearns, O. K.},
	title = {Rock mass workability.},
	publisher = {In Collected case studies in Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Environmental Geology, Knight, M.J., Minty, E.J. and Smith, R.B. (Eds.), 59-8 1.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652345},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 860
@article{holt0000comparison,

	author = {Holt, R. and Gotussopillitteri, A. and Kjolaas, J. and Larsen, I. and Li, L. and Sonstebo, E.},
	title = {Comparison between controlled laboratory experiments and discrete particle simulations of the mechanical behaviour of rock},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper analyses the influence of grain shape and angularity on the behaviour of granular materials from a two-dimensional analysis by means of a discrete element method (Contact Dynamics). Different shapes of grains have been studied (circular, isotropic polygonal and elongated polygonal shapes) as well as different initial states (density) and directions of loading with respect to the initial fabric. Simulations of biaxial tests clearly show that the behaviour of samples with isotropic particles can be dissociated from that of samples with anisotropic particles. Indeed, for isotropic particles, angularity just tends to strengthen the behaviour of samples and slow down either local or global phenomena. One of the main results concerns the existence of a critical state for isotropic grains characterized by an angle of friction at the critical state, a critical void ratio and also a critical anisotropy. This critical state seems meaningless for elongated grains and the behaviour of samples generated with such particles is highly dependent on the direction of loading with respect to the initial fabric. The study of local variables related to fabric and particle orientation gives more information. In particular, the coincidence of the principal axes of the fabric tensor with those of the stress tensor is sudden for isotropic particles. On the contrary, this process is gradually initiated for elongated particles. Copyright ?2003 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {LTDS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5513, BP 163, 36 Av Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652344},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holt et al. - 2005 - Comparison between controlled laboratory experiments and discrete particle simulations of the mechanical behaviour of rock.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.314},
	comment = {PDF
 | 
10.1002/nag.314},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.314},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7-8},
	pages = {985-995+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Holt et al. - 2005 - Comparison between controlled laboratory experiments and discrete particle simulations of the mechanical behaviour of rock.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 861
@article{walker0000approximate,

	author = {Walker, D. M.},
	title = {An approximate theory for pressures and arching in hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Some experimental results of an investigation of the kinematics of sand in a plane bunker model are presented. A non-steady pattern of rupture bands is shown to develop from the discharge outlet towards the traction-free boundary of the material in the initial stage of flow. In the advanced phase of discharge the rupture band pattern undergoes repetitive fluctuations due to the formation of new shear bands and the diminishing of existing ones. The advanced stage of flow is described approximately by a steady velocity field. The theoretical description is based upon the flow theory of isotropic rigid/perfectly plastic material. The solution for incompressible material seems to accurately predict the experimental measurements of the velocity (displacement) vectors and the location of the discontinuities.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652343},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walker - 1966 - An approximate theory for pressures and arching in hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444PFFN-110/2/84e645f7b3507aa4ef9d277e7696a73c},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {8},
	pages = {975-997+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walker - 1966 - An approximate theory for pressures and arching in hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 862
@article{jiang0000insight,

	author = {Jiang, M. and Leroueil, S. and Konrad, J.},
	title = {Insight into shear strength functions of unsaturated granulates by DEM analyses},
	journal = {Computers and Geotechnics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents some experimental results of an investigation of flow patterns of sand in a plane, wedge-shaped hopper model and also an approach to a theoretical description of the discharge process. A non-steady discontinuos velocity field was observed in the experiments. Velocity discontinuities were traced during the process of discharge using the stereophotographic technique. Complementary information about the density variations of the material during discharge was obtained from X-ray pictures and from ultrasonic measurements. Theoretical description of the velocity field is restricted to the advanced flow, which, as demonstrated in the experiments, can be treated approximately as a pseudo-steady process. An approach based upon the plane plastic flow theory of incompressible Coulomb material is applied. The theoretical solution for the velocity field is compared with some of the experimental results.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652342},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jiang, Leroueil, Konrad - 2004 - Insight into shear strength functions of unsaturated granulates by DEM analyses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e011301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-43K45KF-93/2/0d84add754835489331d70e6046513d2},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, curve, database, dem, distinct, dynamics, element, emulsions, friction, functions, generalized, gradation, granular, granulates, jin, jps, materials, method, molecular, oois, particle, piv, powder, shear, strength, unsaturated, water-retention},
	number = {6},
	pages = {473-489+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jiang, Leroueil, Konrad - 2004 - Insight into shear strength functions of unsaturated granulates by DEM analyses.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		emulsion,
		friction,
		granular,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		molecule,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		unsaturated,
		water,retention,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 863
@article{metcalfe0000avalanche,

	author = {Metcalfe, G. and Shinbrot, T. and McCarthy, J. J. and Ottino, J. M.},
	title = {Avalanche mixing of granular solids.},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652341},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {39-41+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {374},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 864
@article{ng0000numerical,

	author = {Ng, T. T.},
	title = {Numerical simulations of granular soil using elliptical particles},
	journal = {Computers and Geotechnics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A mathematical model for the range of rolling bed motion has been developed to calculate the transverse solids motion in rotating cylinders. It is based on mass and momentum balances with physically specified and hence known initial conditions. The behavior of the bed material need only be described by two measurable parameters, the dynamic angle of repose and the angle of slope at the start of the boundary line (interface between the cascading layer and the plug flow region). The shape of the boundary line, the thickness of the cascading layer, the mass flow rate, and the velocity at the surface can be predicted as a function of rotation speed, filling degree, and cylinder diameter. No fitting parameter is needed for the calculation. To verify the model, experiments were carried out for many bed materials and rotating cylinder conditions. A correlation for the angle of slope at the start of the boundary line is given. The calculated results of the model are then compared to our own measurements and those reported in the literature. It is shown that the model agrees relatively well with the experiments. {\copyright} 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2783-2793, 2004},
	address = {Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), D-14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652340},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 1994 - Numerical simulations of granular soil using elliptical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031105506\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=2f0c80713a204e829e53df0178cb7180},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10266},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 70
Export Date: 28 February 2010
Source: Scopus},
	doi = {10.1002/aic.10266},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {153-169+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 1994 - Numerical simulations of granular soil using elliptical particles.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 865
@article{meguro0000fracture,

	author = {Meguro, K. and Hakuno, M.},
	title = {Fracture analysis of concrete structure by granular assembly simulation.},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute. (in Japanese)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652339},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {409-468+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {63},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 866
@article{mcnearny0000numerical,

	author = {McNearny, R. L. and Barker, K. A.},
	title = {Numerical modeling of large-scale block cave physical models using PFC2D},
	journal = {Mining Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652338},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {72+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {50},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 867
@article{mazzone0000effect,

	author = {Mazzone, D. N. and Tardos, G. I. and Pfeffer, R.},
	title = {The effect of gravity on the shape and strength of a liquid bridge between two spheres.},
	journal = {J. Colloid Interface Sci.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652337},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {544-556+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {113},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 868
@article{wilde0000experimental,

	author = {Wilde, K. and Tejchman, J. and Rucka, M. and Niedostatkiewicz, M.},
	title = {Experimental and theoretical investigations of silo music},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652336},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilde et al. - 2010 - Experimental and theoretical investigations of silo music.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/30/1713/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, rolling friction},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {38-48+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilde et al. - 2010 - Experimental and theoretical investigations of silo music.pdf},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 869
@article{maw0000oblique_1,

	author = {Maw, N. and Barber, J. R. and Fawcett, J. N.},
	title = {OBLIQUE IMPACT OF ELASTIC SPHERES},
	journal = {Wear},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652335},
	comment = {Cited By: 43, Export Date: 11 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {101+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 870
@article{radjai0000force,

	author = {Radjai, F. and Jean, M. and Moreau, J. J. and Roux, S.},
	title = {Force distributions in dense two-dimensional granular systems},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A solution is developed for the oblique impact of an elastic sphere on a half-space. The Hertzian theory of impact is used for the normal components of force and velocity, and it is assumed that the contact area comprises sticking and slipping regions, in the latter of which the coefficient of friction is constant. The mixed boundary value problem for the tangential tractions and displacements is reduced to a system of simultaneous equations by dividing the contact area into a set of concentric annuli. The trajectory of the sphere depends on only two non-dimensional parameters: one related to the angle of incidence and the other to the radius of gyration. A simple rigid body theory of impact gives a reasonable approximation to the more exact method at low and high angles of incidence, but is unsatisfactory at intermediate values.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652334},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radjai et al. - 1996 - Force distributions in dense two-dimensional granular systems.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V5B-47YY8YV-12J/2/ec1638912e358664bae51caa63f626cd},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 104
Export Date: 23 February 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {274-277+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radjai et al. - 1996 - Force distributions in dense two-dimensional granular systems.pdf},
	volume = {77},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 871
@article{adams0000mapping,

	author = {Adams, M. J. and Johnson, S. A. and Seville, J. P. K. and Willett, C. D.},
	title = {Mapping the Influence of Gravity on Pendular Liquid Bridges between Rigid Spheres},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The discrete element method (DEM) in the simulation of static packings allows one to investigate the behavior of granular materials by modeling the forces on the particle level. No macroscopic parameters like the angle of repose enter the simulation, but they can be extracted as a result of the particle properties like friction, roughness or shape. One of the issues of static packings recently discussed is the stress distribution under granular heaps. This problem is used to highlight the possibilities of modeling at the particle level using DEM. Phenomena like arching or stress-chains are observed even for spherical particles in a regular pile in the absence of friction if the bottom is rough. The situation does not change much if polygonal, frictional particles are used without disturbing the regular piling. For more realistic situations, when the pile is built by pouring grains from above, the packing and the stresses are influenced by the creation history. The more eccentric the polygons are, the more pronounced a dip is observed in the vertical stress under the apex of the sand-pile.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652333},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams et al. - 2002 - Mapping the Influence of Gravity on Pendular Liquid Bridges between Rigid Spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/124/140/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-V/2/5020f0830639739fa36992d1626a05a5},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {16},
	pages = {6180-6184+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams et al. - 2002 - Mapping the Influence of Gravity on Pendular Liquid Bridges between Rigid Spheres.pdf},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 872
@article{hartl0000experiments_2,

	author = {H\"{a}rtl, J. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Experiments and simulations of direct shear tests: porosity, contact friction and bulk friction},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper is an attempt to apply the Palmer–Rice fracture mechanics approach to the shear band propagation in sands and normally consolidated clays. This approach, proposed 30 years ago for overconsolidated clays, had a tremendous advantage of treating a shear band evolution as a true physical process and not just as a sufficient mathematical condition for its existence. Extension of this approach to a wider variety of soils requires that non-elastic soil properties (e.g. isotropic hardening plasticity, strain softening, lack of tensile strength, dilatancy, active and passive failure modes, etc.) be taken into account. This paper demonstrates how the energy balance and process zone approaches can be applied to the simple problem of the shallow shear band propagation in an infinite slope built of such a soil. The energy balance approach appears to be the most conservative one. It allows for catastrophic and progressive types of soil failure to be properly identified, and dramatically effects the results of the slope stability analysis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652332},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/H\~{A}¤rtl, Ooi - 2008 - Experiments and simulations of direct shear tests porosity, contact friction and bulk friction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2004.1378},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0965-0393-6-6-002
 | 
10.1098/rspa.2004.1378},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.2004.1378},
	old_keywords = {aarons, beads, bulk, contact, database, dem, discrete, element, friction, glass, jenike, jin, jps, non-spherical, oois, particles, piv, porosity, powder, shear, test},
	number = {4},
	pages = {263-271+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/H\~{A}¤rtl, Ooi - 2008 - Experiments and simulations of direct shear tests porosity, contact friction and bulk friction.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bead,
		bulk,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		glass,
		jenike,
		jin,
		jps,
		nonspheric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		porosity,
		powder,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 873
@article{gorham0000measurement,

	author = {Gorham, D. A. and Kharaz, A. H.},
	title = {The measurement of particle rebound characteristics},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate the stress distribution at the base of a conical sandpile using both analytic calculations and a three dimensional discrete element code. In particular, we study how a minimum in the normal stress can occur under the highest part of the sandpile. It is found that piles composed of particles with the same size do not show a minimum in the normal stress. A stress minimum is only observed when the piles are composed of particles with different sizes, where the particles are size segregated in an ordered, symmetric, circular fashion, around the central axis of the sandpile. If a pile is composed of particles with different sizes, where the particles are randomly distributed throughout the pile, then no stress dip is observed. These results suggest that the stress dip is due to ordered, force contacts between equiheight particles which direct stress to the outer parts of the pile.},
	address = {CSIRO/MIS, Private Bag No. 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652331},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gorham, Kharaz - 2001 - The measurement of particle rebound characteristics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035640259\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 6
Export Date: 19 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, dip, discrete, jin, jps, mechanics, modelling, numerical, of, oois, piv, powder, sandpiles, stress, systems},
	number = {3},
	pages = {193-202+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gorham, Kharaz - 2001 - The measurement of particle rebound characteristics.pdf},
	volume = {112},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dip,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 874
@article{langston0000continuous,

	author = {Langston, P. A. and Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, U. and Heyes, D. M.},
	title = {Continuous Potential Discrete Particle Simulations of Stress and Velocity Fields in Hoppers: Transition From Fluid to Granular Flow},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Structures and Granular Solids: From Scientific Principles to Engineering Application},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652330},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Heyes - 1994 - Continuous Potential Discrete Particle Simulations of Stress and Velocity Fields in Hoppers Transition From Fluid to Granular Flow.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
3-D image-based discrete element modeling for irregular-shaped grains},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1259-1275+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema  Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Heyes - 1994 - Continuous Potential Discrete Particle Simulations of Stress and Velocity Fields in Hoppers Transition From Fluid to Granular Flow.pdf},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 875
@proceedings{matsushima0000imagebased,

	title = {3-D image-based discrete element modeling for irregularly-shaped grains},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Matsushima, T.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652329},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
3-D image-based discrete element modeling for irregularly-shaped grains},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 876
@article{lian0000theoretical,

	author = {Lian, G. and Thornton, C. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {A theoretical study of the liquid bridge forces between two rigid spherical bodies},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652328},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lian, Thornton, Adams - 1993 - A theoretical study of the liquid bridge forces between two rigid spherical bodies.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18844411826\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=1d6f967c525ff61aefb3c8b16bab1ab8},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W74-49G48PJ-1/2/0d1a511f5aad7ec381f1bc63385ae6f7},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 15
Export Date: 26 February 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {138-147+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lian, Thornton, Adams - 1993 - A theoretical study of the liquid bridge forces between two rigid spherical bodies.pdf},
	volume = {161},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 877
@article{baran0000simulation,

	author = {Baran, O. and DeGennaro, A. and Ram\~{A}{\copyright}, E. and Wilkinson, A.},
	title = {DEM Simulation of a Schulze Ring Shear Tester},
	journal = {AIP Conference},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A set of Distinct Element (DEM) simulations of the filling and the discharge of a plane rectangular silo have been performed with variable values of particle mechanical parameters. Computed wall pressures at the end of filling are compared to analytical and Finite Element (FEM) results. The analysis of the influence of friction and stiffness of contacts shows that these parameters play a major role in the flow kinematics and in the stress field during filling and discharge processes.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652327},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Baran et al. - 2009 - DEM Simulation of a Schulze Ring Shear Tester.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-H/2/eee94114ea2b3947f6ad6b72fcbedf6f},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, edem, flow, gc, granular, jin, jps, oois, pacs, piv, powder, ring, rs, schulze, shear, test},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {0-3+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Baran et al. - 2009 - DEM Simulation of a Schulze Ring Shear Tester.pdf},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		ring,
		schulze,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 878
@article{asmar0000modeling,

	author = {Asmar, B. N. and Langston, P. A. and Matchett, A. J.},
	title = {Modeling particle settling behavior using the discrete element method},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The main objective of this paper is to present a new contribution to the problem of dynamic continuum simulation of discharge of cylindrical silos by the Finite Element Method where many attempts have been made in the past by other researchers. We start with a study of the bulk solid constitutive behaviour, the analysis of the stored-solid to silo-wall contact interaction and with a discussion of the remeshing and rezoning algorithms needed to appropriately take into account the large displacements and the associated mesh distortions that appear in this type of problems. Some restrictions of the simulation are due to the axisymmetry of the model and the constitutive assumptions. First of all, a static analysis is accomplished using the usual hypotheses included in different standards to check the ability of the method to reproduce standard available solutions. After this calibration stage, a dynamic analysis is carried out to take into account the effects induced by the silo quaking phenomena, computing the overpressure factor and comparing the obtained results with the pressure estimations established by different standards like the European standard Eurocode ENV 1991-4, the French AFNOR P22 630, the German DIN 1055 or the American ACI 313-97 and R313-97.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652326},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Asmar, Langston, Matchett - 2003 - Modeling particle settling behavior using the discrete element method.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4VPV8VY-1/2/2101a8aa344e72e3a1d1336f176b5efc},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-46V4KTY-6/2/4acf83c413310ea6cab8f9fa835692de},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.01.006},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arbitrary, clay, cone, database, dem, dependent, element, eulerian, finite, jin, jps, lagrangian, method, oois, penetration, piv, powder, soft, soils, strain-rate, strain-softening, test},
	number = {5},
	pages = {519-532+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Asmar, Langston, Matchett - 2003 - Modeling particle settling behavior using the discrete element method.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		clay,
		cone,
		dem,
		euler,
		jin,
		jps,
		lagrange,
		oois,
		penetration,
		piv,
		powder,
		soft,
		soil,
		strain,rate,
		strain,softening,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 879
@article{johanson0000measurement,

	author = {Johanson, K. and Bucklin, R.},
	title = {Measurement of K-values in Diamondback Hoppers using pressure sensitive pads},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652325},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson, Bucklin - 2004 - Measurement of K-values in Diamondback Hoppers using pressure sensitive pads.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
TH4935 .S55 1988},
	isbn = {3433010374},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, k-value, loads, oois, piv, powder, silos, stress, wall},
	location = {Berlin},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {122-130+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Ernst},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson, Bucklin - 2004 - Measurement of K-values in Diamondback Hoppers using pressure sensitive pads.pdf},
	volume = {140},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		load,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		stress,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 880
@article{margolin0000generalized,

	author = {Margolin, L. G.},
	title = {Generalized Griffith criteria for crack propagation.},
	journal = {Eng. Frac. Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652324},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {539-543+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {19},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 881
@article{moller0000shear,

	author = {M{\o}ller, P. C. F. and Bonn, D.},
	title = {The shear modulus of wet granular matter},
	journal = {Europhysics Letters (EPL)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In order to clarify the mechanisms which determine the Janssen's law for the pressure distribution at the bottom of a silo we reconsider the so-called q-model describing an assembly of granular particles on a lattice, confined between vertical walls. We find that the expected macroscopic behavior with the correct scaling is obtained whenever a mechanism able to transfer the weight from the interior of the silo to the walls in an efficient way is present, i.e., in mean field regime. Deviations from the Janssen law's found in lattice models are due to the absence of this efficient mechanism. We investigate the scaling properties of a stick-slip model recently introduced, and find that relative fluctuations do not disappear for large systems and are of the order of average values. Finally we observe that an exponential local weight distribution at the bottom of the silo is independent of the model considered.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652323},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¸ller, Bonn - 2007 - The shear modulus of wet granular matter.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v103/e118001},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-408TP5D-6/2/991a29c8d2df3a427aa3995a8f528e55},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {38002-38002+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¸ller, Bonn - 2007 - The shear modulus of wet granular matter.pdf},
	volume = {80},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 882
@article{mandel0000tests,

	author = {Mandel, J.},
	title = {Tests on reduced scale models in soil and rock mechanics - a study of the conditions of similitude.},
	journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652322},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {31-42+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 883
@article{mandal0000rotation,

	author = {Mandal, N. and Kumar Samanta, S. and Bhattacharyya, G. and Chakraborty, C.},
	title = {Rotation behaviour of rigid inclusions in multiple association: insights from experimental and theoretical models},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Geology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652321},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-4FR3N12-1/2/da528447ad655024ea0f8ab2850b705d},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {679+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-4FR3N12-1/2/da528447ad655024ea0f8ab2850b705d},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 884
@article{thornton0000computer_2,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Barnes, D. J.},
	title = {Computer simulated deformation of compact granular assemblies},
	journal = {Acta Mechanica},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {An uniaxial tester has been developed by Postec Research. This tester belongs to the category of indirect shear testers. By means of the unaxial tester, a comprehensive failure strength characteristic can be determined directly.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652320},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Barnes - 1986 - Computer simulated deformation of compact granular assemblies.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, UNIAXIAL},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {45-61+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Barnes - 1986 - Computer simulated deformation of compact granular assemblies.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 885
@article{luding0000shear_1,

	author = {Luding, S.},
	title = {Shear flow modeling of cohesive and frictional fine powder},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Modern Trends in Geomechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652319},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2005 - Shear flow modeling of cohesive and frictional fine powder.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_27},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_27},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7\_27},
	old_keywords = {aarons, biaxial, cohesion, database, dem, frictional, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, powders, shear, simulation, stress, yield},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {45-50+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Luding - 2005 - Shear flow modeling of cohesive and frictional fine powder.pdf},
	volume = {158},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		shear,
		stress,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 886
@article{majmudar0000contact_1,

	author = {Majmudar, T. S. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Contact force measurements and stress-induced anisotropy in granular materials},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652318},
	comment = {Cited By: 4, Export Date: 12 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {7045},
	pages = {1079+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {435},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 887
@article{gantt0000determination,

	author = {Gantt, J. and Cameron, I. and Litster, J. and Gatzke, E.},
	title = {Determination of coalescence kernels for high-shear granulation using DEM simulations},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652317},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gantt et al. - 2006 - Determination of coalescence kernels for high-shear granulation using DEM simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v57/p3164},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3164},
	old_keywords = {aarons, coalescence, database, dem, discrete, element, granulation, jin, jps, method, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {53-63+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gantt et al. - 2006 - Determination of coalescence kernels for high-shear granulation using DEM simulations.pdf},
	volume = {170},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		coalescence,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 888
@article{grossstuck0000improvements_1,

	author = {Gro{\ss}st\"{u}ck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Improvements in Silo Design for Moist and Cohesive Bulk Solids by Using a Silo Centrifuge},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We perform 2D numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of the internal state of a granular slope driven towards the stability limit. We first identify precursors of the avalanche and relate them to the intermittent mobilization of friction forces between the grains. Analysing the details of the micro-structure, namely the distribution of friction forces and the stress state at different scales, we give evidence of the existence of a preavalanche interval in which the micro-structure undergoes a sharp modification. Higher probability of precursors and the modification of the micro-structure occur in coincidence. The latter is discussed in terms of slope metastability and of the possible emergence of long-range correlations at the approach of the stability limit.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652316},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2004 - Improvements in Silo Design for Moist and Cohesive Bulk Solids by Using a Silo Centrifuge.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
1742-5468
 | 
1742-5468-2006-07-P07014},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, centrifuge, cohesion, database, dem, design, jin, jps, moist, oois, piv, powder, scale-up, silo, solids},
	number = {4},
	pages = {326-331+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2004 - Improvements in Silo Design for Moist and Cohesive Bulk Solids by Using a Silo Centrifuge.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		centrifuge,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		moist,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		scale,
		silo,
		solid,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 889
@proceedings{maeda0000microstructure,

	title = {Microstructure modeling of granular media and interactions between pile and granular ground by DEM},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Maeda, K. and Sakurai, T. and Oomura, A. and Hirabayashi, H.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652315},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Microstructure modeling of granular media and interactions between pile and granular ground by DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 890
@article{mackay0000solitary,

	author = {MacKay, R. S.},
	title = {Solitary waves in a chain of beads under Hertz contact},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652314},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVM-3W3FNXV-6/2/2734f003ec307cb0de35841f5170efa1},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {191+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVM-3W3FNXV-6/2/2734f003ec307cb0de35841f5170efa1},
	volume = {251},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 891
@proceedings{luding0000flow,

	title = {Flow behavior of cohesive and frictional fine powders},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Luding, S. and Tykhoniuk, R. and Tomas, J. and Heim, L. and Kappl, M. and Butt, H. J.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652313},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Flow behavior of cohesive and frictional fine powders},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 892
@article{procopio0000simulation,

	author = {Procopio, A. T. and Zavaliangos, A.},
	title = {Simulation of multi-axial compaction of granular media from loose to high relative densities},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {For continuum mechanics based silo design, the measuring and modelling methods for the shear flow behaviour of cohesive, frictional powders play a central role. Studies of the particle mechanics can provide a better physical  ” microscopic” understanding of the essential constitutive functions of a powder  ” continuum”. The discrete element method (DEM) is a tool that allows considering the details of the contact and adhesion forces for each particle contact. During bi-axial shear, the DEM results show an elastic regime, yielding, and steady-state flow of a two-dimensional model powder. Keywords: DEM simulation; Bi-axial shear; Cohesive frictional powders; Yield stress},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652312},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-4G002PH-1/2/08faa6082b88815230da5984b2521186},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4G7DYBF-5/2/9c134a3876e178b727eae009045c7356},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.02.007},
	old_keywords = {aarons, consolidation, database, dem, element, finite, jin, method, micromechanics, multi, oois, particle, piv, powder, surface, yield},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1523-1551+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXB-4G002PH-1/2/08faa6082b88815230da5984b2521186},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		consolidation,
		dem,
		jin,
		micromechanics,
		multi,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		surface,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 893
@proceedings{luding0000discrete_2,

	title = {A discrete particle contact model for sintering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Luding, S.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652311},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
A discrete particle contact model for sintering},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 894
@article{raji0000model_2,

	author = {Raji, A. O. and Favier, J. F.},
	title = {Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. I: Theory, model development and validation},
	journal = {Journal of Food Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A hybrid numerical model based on the finite-element (FEM) and the discrete-element methods (DEM) has been developed to predict the stress and velocity fields for particulate materials during discharge from silos. The FEM was used to model the particulate solid as a continuum. In regions where the bulk solid no longer behaves as a continuum, such as in the lower part of a hopper near the outlet and in regions where there are large shear deformations such as at the intersection of a vertical wall and a hopper wall, the DEM was used as the preferred procedure. A model linking the two methods is presented. An algorithm for the combined model is developed. Copyright 1997 Silsoe Research Institute},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652310},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Raji, Favier - 2004 - Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. I Theory, model development and validation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v47/p760},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, FEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.47.760},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {359-371+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:25},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Raji, Favier - 2004 - Model for the deformation in agricultural and food particulate materials under bulk compressive loading using discrete element method. I Theory, model development and validation.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 895
@article{loyalka0000rotation,

	author = {Loyalka, S. K. and Griffin, J. L.},
	title = {Rotation of non-spherical axi-symmetric particles in the slip regime},
	journal = {Journal of Aerosol Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652309},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6B-4893VYW-3H/2/db02e0dfa1f44c769a69925a44266cf4},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {509+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6B-4893VYW-3H/2/db02e0dfa1f44c769a69925a44266cf4},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 896
@article{richefeu0000shear_2,

	author = {Richefeu, V. and {S., M.} and Radja\~{A}¯, F.},
	title = {Shear strength properties of wet granular materials},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We observe oblique impacts of a hard aluminum oxide sphere on a thick elastoplastic polycarbonate plate by recording stroboscopic photographs of the sphere trajectory and spin. The apparent kinematic coefficient of normal restitution grows monotonically with the magnitude of the tangent of the angle of incidence, and the apparent coefficient of friction decreases with increasing normal impact velocity. Although every collision dissipates the total kinetic energy of the sphere, we observe restitution coefficients exceeding unity for the most grazing impacts. We exploit this example to confirm that, although an apparent kinematic coefficient of normal restitution below one is sufficient to guarantee dissipation of kinetic energy in any collision, this condition is not necessary for oblique impacts of spheres on a plate.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652308},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, El Youssoufi, Radja\~{A}¯ - 2006 - Shear strength properties of wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v60/p687},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e021303},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.60.687
 | 
{El Youssoufi}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, elastoplasticity, friction, impact, jin, jps, mechanical, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1-11+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, El Youssoufi, Radja\~{A}¯ - 2006 - Shear strength properties of wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		friction,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 897
@proceedings{louchnikov0000particle,

	title = {The use of particle flow code for investigating the stress memory effect in rocks},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Louchnikov, V. and Hunt, S. P. and Meyers, A. G.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652307},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
The use of particle flow code for investigating the stress memory effect in rocks},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 898
@article{o0000modified,

	author = {O' Sullivan, C. and Bray, J. D.},
	title = {Modified Shear Spring Formulation for Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of Particulate Media},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The authors report impact properties for collisions of small, nearly spherical particles that present interesting experimental challenges. They consider difficulties arising with surface reflectivity, slight asphericity, surface damage and collisions with particles affixed to a rigid plate. To measure these impact properties, the authors refine the experimental technique of Foerster et al. To permit straightforward incorporation in rapid granular theories, the impacts are described with three coefficients. The first is the Newtonian coefficient of normal restitution. The second represents the frictional properties of the contact surfaces. The last characterizes the restitution of the tangential component of the contact point velocity for impacts that involve negligible sliding.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652306},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O'Sullivan, Bray - 2003 - Modified Shear Spring Formulation for Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of Particulate Media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042983942\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=fdb4606592336027a994044ee29f7004},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://exm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/3/292},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 8
Export Date: 14 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, beads, database, dem, friction, glass, inter-particle, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {830-830+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O'Sullivan, Bray - 2003 - Modified Shear Spring Formulation for Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of Particulate Media.pdf},
	volume = {129},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bead,
		dem,
		friction,
		glass,
		interparticle,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 899
@article{lorenz0000measurements_1,

	author = {Lorenz, A. and Tuozzolo, C. and Louge, M. Y.},
	title = {Measurements of impact properties of small, nearly spherical particles.},
	journal = {Experimental Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652305},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {292-298+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 900
@article{londe0000malpasset,

	author = {Londe, P.},
	title = {The Malpasset Dam Failure.},
	journal = {Engineering Geology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652304},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {295-529+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 901
@article{lloyd0000ultimate_1,

	author = {Lloyd, S.},
	title = {Ultimate physical limits to computation.},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652303},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1047-1054+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {406},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 902
@article{livesley0000limit,

	author = {Livesley, R. K.},
	title = {Limit analysis of structures formed from rigid blocks.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. in Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652302},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1853-1871+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 903
@article{liu0000prototype,

	author = {Liu, W. B. and Zhou, J.},
	title = {Prototype tests and particle flow numerical simulation of under-reamed piles on uplift loading},
	journal = {Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652301},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {bearing, capacity, code, database, flow, jin, meso-mechanics, numerical, oois, particle, pile, simulation, under-reamed, uplift},
	number = {SUPPL. 2},
	pages = {201+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		bearing,
		flow,
		jin,
		mesomechanics,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		pile,
		underreamed,
		uplift,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 904
@proceedings{lin0000grid,

	title = {A grid computing architecture for applications in distributed computation},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Lin, X. and Williams, J. R.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652300},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
A grid computing architecture for applications in distributed computation},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 905
@proceedings{lin0000continuous,

	title = {Continuous and discontinuous analysis using the manifold method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Lin, J. S.},
	booktitle = {Proceeding Working Forum on the Manifold Analysis. Vol. 1, 1-20,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652299},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Continuous and discontinuous analysis using the manifold method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Geotechnical Lab, US Anny Engineers Waterways Experiment Station},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 906
@article{lifshitz0000theory,

	author = {Lifshitz, E. M.},
	title = {The theory of molecular attractive forces between solids.},
	journal = {Soviet Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652298},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {73-83+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 907
@article{liffman0000stress,

	author = {Liffman, K. and Chan, D. Y. C. and Hughes, B. D.},
	title = {On the stress depression under a sandpile},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652297},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440V8VF-C/2/6d21023f86921af36feff4d459dc4c11},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {263+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440V8VF-C/2/6d21023f86921af36feff4d459dc4c11},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 908
@article{liffman0000force,

	author = {Liffman, K. and Chan, D. Y. C. and Hughes, B. D.},
	title = {Force distribution in a two dimensional sandpile},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652296},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440WPFJ-8F/2/c000625984b9f27e9db0dd419f6f1701},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {255+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440WPFJ-8F/2/c000625984b9f27e9db0dd419f6f1701},
	volume = {72},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 909
@article{lian0000powder,

	author = {Lian, J. and Shima, S.},
	title = {Powder assembly simulation by particle dynamics method.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652295},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {763-775+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 910
@article{tuzun0000micromechanical,

	author = {Tuzun, U. and Walton, O. R.},
	title = {Micromechanical modelling of load-dependent friction in contacts of elastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element simulations, with the particle–particle interaction model based on classical contact mechanics theory between two non-adhesive spheres, were carried out and compared with 'sandpile' experiments using spherical particles in order to assess the validation of the simulation data. The contact interaction model is a combination of Hertzian theory for the normal interaction and Mindlin–Deresiewicz theory for the tangential interaction. To ensure the consistency of the simulations with the experiments, the measurement of sliding friction, a key parameter in DEM simulations, was highlighted. A simple experimental method for establishing the value of the friction coefficient was proposed and used in measuring the friction of the rough glass beads and steel balls to be modelled in the simulations. The simulations were carried out for two cases according to particle arrangements: the first is quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D), with a smaller flat cuboidal box containing the spherical particles inside another box for discharge, and the second case is axisymmetric (3D). For both cases, simulations and experiments were carried out for assemblies of polydisperse rough glass beads under the same conditions. Comparisons were made that showed that the profiles and hence the measured angles of repose, in each case, were in good agreement, thus supporting the validity of the discrete element model used. Further numerical–experimental comparisons were carried out for 3D conical piles using smooth monodisperse steel balls and the same conclusions were obtained.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652294},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Walton - 1992 - Micromechanical modelling of load-dependent friction in contacts of elastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4HC0R3T-2/2/e06cbd9a46a6531aab53e93f0df94375},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, SANDPILES},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {A44-A52+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Walton - 1992 - Micromechanical modelling of load-dependent friction in contacts of elastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 911
@proceedings{li0000study,

	title = {A study on the calculation of particle volumetric deformation in a fluid coupled PFC model},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Li, L. and Holt, R. M.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652293},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
A study on the calculation of particle volumetric deformation in a fluid coupled PFC model},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 912
@article{o0000approach,

	author = {O' Sullivan, C. and Bray, J. D. and Li, S.},
	title = {A new approach for calculating strain for particulate media},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Flows of  ” sphero-disc” granular particles in a rectangular hopper are studied both experimentally using high-speed video recording and mathematically using the discrete element method (DEM). The flow behaviour of particles and their arching and discharging in the hopper are analysed and compared with the DEM results for three hopper openings. In general, good agreement is shown on particle static packing, the flow behaviour and hopper discharging rates and the arching effect when flow ceases due to an inadequate hopper outlet opening. Spherical particles with a similar volume to the disc-like particles are also tested and compared and a clear effect of particle shape on flow rates is shown. Although some minor discrepancies are shown, these are likely to be caused by the practical difficulties in matching the exact particle parameters between the simulations and the experiments. The DEM is shown to be a powerful tool to analyse the interactions between irregularly shaped particles and demonstrates a great potential in analysing detailed particle packing structure and flow patterns, which may lead to the elaboration of a novel method for hopper design. Further work will focus on developing DEM to model a wider range of particle shapes and hopper geometries, use of DEM for flow and structure analysis, and the development of more sophisticated measuring tools such as tomography to validate the DEM model. Keywords: Sphero-disc particle; Rectangular hopper; Flow behaviour; Arching; 3D DEM},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652292},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O'Sullivan, Bray, Li - 2003 - A new approach for calculating strain for particulate media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B987K-4XF83FP-3B/2/5190f2bd79ff9df376e857a6973e52f4},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4D8MH5T-1/2/cd7cb856bd2b498ba801c3e9de5359a6},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2009.09.095},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compression, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, homogenization, jin, jps, kinematic, material, materials, method, methods, numerical, oois, particle, piv, plane-strain, powder, shape, strain, test},
	number = {10},
	pages = {859-877+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O'Sullivan, Bray, Li - 2003 - A new approach for calculating strain for particulate media.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		homogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		kinematics,
		material,
		material,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		plane,strain,
		powder,
		shape,
		strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 913
@article{rondeau0000experimental,

	author = {Rondeau, X.},
	title = {Experimental determination of capillary forces by crushing strength measurements},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The occurrence of heterogeneous flow structures in gas-particle flows seriously affects gas–solid contacting and transport processes in dense gas-fluidized beds. A computational study, using a discrete particle method based on Molecular Dynamics techniques, has been carried out to explore the mechanisms underlying the formation of heterogeneous flow structures. Based on energy budget analyses, the impact of non-linear drag force on the flow structure formation in gas-fluidized beds has been examined for both ideal particles (elastic collision, without inter-particle friction) and non-ideal particles (inelastic collision, with inter-particle friction). Meanwhile, the separate role of inter-particle inelastic collisions, accounted for in the model via the restitution coefficient (e) and friction coefficient (μ), has also been studied. It is demonstrated that heterogeneous flow structures exist in systems with both non-ideal particle-particle interaction and ideal particle-particle interaction. The heterogeneous structure in an ideal system, featured with looser packing, is purely caused by the non-linearity of the gas drag: the stronger the non-linearity of the gas drag force with respect to the voidage, the more heterogeneous flow structures develop. A weak dependence of drag on the voidage produces a homogenous flow structure. Collisional dissipation dramatically intensifies the formation of heterogeneous flow structures after the system equilibrium breaks. Quantitative comparisons of flow structures obtained by using various drag correlations in literature will also be reported. Author Keywords: Fluidization; Discrete particle simulation; Heterogeneity; Gas–solid interaction; Non-linear drag; Pattern formation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652291},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rondeau - 2003 - Experimental determination of capillary forces by crushing strength measurements.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/e108301},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-47RBDYV-1/2/29d589eac48550a71f6669c4f34cb8da},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, angle, bridge, capillary, contact, database, dem, differential, effects, equations, forces, function, granular, greens, jin, jps, liquid, materials, methods, oois, partial, piv, powder, relations, stress, stress-strain, tensors},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {124-131+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rondeau - 2003 - Experimental determination of capillary forces by crushing strength measurements.pdf},
	volume = {130},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		contact,
		dem,
		force,
		granular,
		green,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		stress,
		stress,strain,
		tensor,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 914
@book{lewis0000finite,

	author = {Lewis, R. W. and Schrefler, B. A.},
	title = {The Finite Element Method irr the Static and Dynarnics Deformation and Consolidation of Porous Media.},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Cluchester, 2nd Ed.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652290},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 915
@proceedings{lei0000simulation,

	title = {Simulation of rock cutting using distinct element method - PFC-'D},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Lei, S. and Kaitkay, P. and Shen, X.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652289},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Simulation of rock cutting using distinct element method - PFC-'D},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 916
@proceedings{lee0000simulation,

	title = {Simulation of a two-dimensional 'thin-skinned' orogenic wedge using PFC},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Lee, C. and Park, Y. and Kwon, S.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652288},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Simulation of a two-dimensional 'thin-skinned' orogenic wedge using PFC},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 917
@article{chen0000rigorous,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {A rigorous statistical technique for inferring circular silo wall pressures from wall strain measurements},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {During the process of filling, storing and discharge, silo bins are subjected not only to bulk solid pressure but also to various imposed actions such as thermal fields or wind actions. To analyse the combined effect of such actions, it is desirable to assume an interaction between silo bin structure and bulk solid. Such an assumption has been used in the structural analysis of a cylindrical silo wall in a numerical approach. The experimental investigation on the silo model to verify some effects of the interaction were presented and discussed for the cylindrical silo bin subjected to the bulk solid pressure and imposed thermal actions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652287},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Ooi, Rotter - 1996 - A rigorous statistical technique for inferring circular silo wall pressures from wall strain measurements.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4956RR7-3/2/3b9be5099d55d291f0be1a6be40a9133},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 5
Export Date: 27 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {321-331+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Ooi, Rotter - 1996 - A rigorous statistical technique for inferring circular silo wall pressures from wall strain measurements.pdf},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 918
@article{chou0000numerical,

	author = {Chou, C. S. and Tseng, C. Y. and Smid, J. and Kuo, J. T. and Hsiau, S. S.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of flow patterns of disks in the symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed},
	journal = {Advanced Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Newtonian dynamics simulations have been carried out for the filling and discharge of funnel flow hoppers under both plane-strain (2D) and axially-symmetric (3D) conditions using assemblies of the order of 104 particles. The present work follows directly from our previous discrete element simulations which were used to predict discharge rates and hopper wall stresses. In this paper, we concentrate on the prediction of the internal and wall distributions of the normal and tangential components of the bulk stresses, distributions of particle velocities and interstitial voidage in both static and flowing (dynamic) conditions. In order to illustrate the effects on the bulk phenomena of different particle interaction laws, simulations have been carried out contrasting (i) Hertz-type (elastic) interaction which simulates well nearly rigid particles at high normal loads with (ii) a soft continuous interaction which allows for significant frictional engagement between particles at very small normal loads similar to the conditions known to prevail near the hopper outlet during discharge. A non-intrusive local averaging technique was developed to compute bulk stresses from the values of local interparticle contact stresses which allowed us to monitor the changes in the orientation of the major principal normal stress as well as the magnitude of the shear stress in different hopper sections. Distributions of contact tangential displacement vectors have been computed to compare the frequency of rupture zones (i.e. high shear regions) in both plane-strain and axial-symmetric flows. Corresponding maps of particle velocity vectors have also been generated to provide information about slow and fast moving regions of the flow fields and the extent of bulk dilation accompanying flow. The internal flow patterns and distributions of high shear regions are shown to be affected significantly by the nature of the particle interaction law chosen with softer interactions giving rise to more well-developed rupture zones in both plane-strain and axial-symmetry. In some contrast, the internal distribution of the bulk normal stress is affected very little by the choice of the particle normal force interaction law.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652286},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chou et al. - 2000 - Numerical simulation of flow patterns of disks in the symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(96)03201-9},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4031PV1-M/2/2309d8912aa738631ed64bd6825631e5},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
[1]
doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(96)03201-9},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(96)03201-9},
	old_keywords = {aarons, asymmetric, bed, database, dem, filter, granular, jin, jps, moving, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {279-296+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chou et al. - 2000 - Numerical simulation of flow patterns of disks in the symmetric louvered-wall moving granular filter bed.pdf},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		dem,
		filtration,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		moving,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 919
@article{o0000examination,

	author = {O' Sullivan, C. and Bray, J. D. and Riemer, M. F.},
	title = {Examination of the Response of Regularly Packed Specimens of Spherical Particles Using Physical Tests and Discrete Element Simulations},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element Newtonian dynamics simulations have been carried out of filling and discharge under gravity of non-cohesive discs (in two dimensions) and spheres (in three dimensions) from model hoppers. The current model improves that developed previously by us (Langston et al., 1994) in several respects. We introduce a continuous and gradual hopper filling method, a more realistic normal-tangential interaction between the particles, particle size polydispersity, and the model is extended from two to three dimensions (3D). The hopper discharge rate has been computed as a function of material head height, outlet size and the hopper half-angle. The model results are, in general, in very good agreement with established literature empirical predictions. The hopper wall stresses have been compared in the static state after filling and in the dynamic state during discharge. Generally there is encouraging agreement with predictions from the continuum differential slice force balance method, with significant improvements over our previous work. We have also observed, for the first time in a discrete element simulation of hoppers, the appearance of rupture zones within the material and associated wall stress peaks where the rupture zones intersect with the hopper wall. We consider that the current model is more successful than the previous one because the particle interactions include a much greater level of frictional "engagement" at low loads, with less variation at high loads. Abbreviations: 2D 2 dimensions; 3D 3 dimensions; A active state stress; CI continuous interaction; DE discrete element; FF funnel flow; GD granular dynamics simulation; H hydrostatic equivalent stress; MC Monte Carlo simulation; MD molecular dynamics simulation; MF mass flow; P passive state stress},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652285},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O\^{a}€™Sullivan, Bray, Riemer - 2004 - Examination of the Response of Regularly Packed Specimens of Spherical Particles Using Physical Tests and Discrete Element Simulations.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029473388\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=76a59d8c3fa7a837750903ebc157a622},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-3YVDD3X-9T/2/ba82553404100ac984fcfcecd78f03b0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Export Date: 3 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1140-1140+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/O\^{a}€™Sullivan, Bray, Riemer - 2004 - Examination of the Response of Regularly Packed Specimens of Spherical Particles Using Physical Tests and Discrete Element Simulations.pdf},
	volume = {130},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 920
@article{li0000theoretical,

	author = {Li, L. Y. and Wu, C. Y. and Thornton, C.},
	title = {A theoretical model for the contact of elastoplastic bodies},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Two types of numerical experiment are performed in order to elucidate the nature of localization in a frictional material. In the first type, a continuum calculation is done with a strain-hardening constitutive model. Localization is shown to occur when the value of the strength parameter has a random distribution in space. In the second type of numerical experiment, the distinct element method is used to conduct a shear test on a simulated sample of 1000 disks. Localization is seen to occur: measurements are made of shear band thickness, distribution of particle spins, contact forces and stress components. 漏 1989 Springer-Verlag.},
	address = {P. O. Box 195, Marine on St. Croix, 55047, MN, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652284},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Wu, Thornton - 2001 - A theoretical model for the contact of elastoplastic bodies.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0024858933\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444G281-8P/2/950ea6fb965ba02fcebeab40fd3695cf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 114
Export Date: 13 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cient, coefficient, contact, database, dem, elastoplasticity, impact, jin, jps, of, oois, piv, powder, restitution},
	number = {4},
	pages = {421-431+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:24},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Wu, Thornton - 2001 - A theoretical model for the contact of elastoplastic bodies.pdf},
	volume = {216},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 921
@article{adams0000micromechanical,

	author = {Adams, M. J. and McKeown, R. and Whall, A.},
	title = {A micromechanical model for the confined uni-axial compression of an assembly of elastically deforming spherical particles},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is becoming widely used to simulate particle flows. It is a versatile and powerful tool. Its main limitation, the CPU time required, is becoming less critical with the development of computer technology. Most DEM simulations consider spherical particles in three dimension (3D) or circles in 2D. Several researchers are developing models of non-circular particles in 2D, but there are few applications of DEM to non-spherical particles in 3D granular flow. This paper proposes a technique of sphere intersection for particle description that is applied here in 2D and 3D. It then describes a known technique of sphero-cylinders in 3D and applies it to small-scale simulations of discharge of frictionless particles, modelling contact normal forces, from a hopper. Aspect ratio for these particles is shown to have a negligible effect on discharge rate. Simulations in 2D showed that the disc-shaped particles discharged 40\% faster than the circular particles. Program code tests are described to check the complex model of rotational dynamics for non-spherical particles in 3D.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652283},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams, Mckeown, Whall - 1997 - A micromechanical model for the confined uni-axial compression of an assembly of elastically deforming spherical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031956606\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=0a858bc8e5220c2805a63e512d4b0408},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4B5B8YY-2/2/c4192d7a8e73ec4b4bafc5c65dddc160},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 36
Export Date: 30 April 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {912-920+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Adams, Mckeown, Whall - 1997 - A micromechanical model for the confined uni-axial compression of an assembly of elastically deforming spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 922
@article{glovnea0000lubrication,

	author = {Glovnea, R. P. and Olver, A. V. and Spikes, H. A.},
	title = {Lubrication of Rough Surfaces by a Boundary Film-Forming Viscosity Modifier Additive},
	journal = {Journal of Tribology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652282},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Glovnea, Olver, Spikes - 2005 - Lubrication of Rough Surfaces by a Boundary Film-Forming Viscosity Modifier Additive.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v92/e054302},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, piv, powder, processes, random},
	number = {1},
	pages = {223-223+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Glovnea, Olver, Spikes - 2005 - Lubrication of Rough Surfaces by a Boundary Film-Forming Viscosity Modifier Additive.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		random,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 923
@article{ayuga0000discharge,

	author = {Ayuga, F. and Guaita, M. and Aguado, P. J. and Couto, A.},
	title = {Discharge and the eccentricity of the hopper influence on the silo wall pressures},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The ability of a granular bulk material to transmit internal shear stress is a fundamental property that is often overlooked or underestimated, yet it is this ability that allows many observed physical phenomena to occur. One such area that continues to be a focus for numerical, theoreticals and experimental researchers is the pressure that a stockpile of granular material places on the supporting surface. While appearing to be a simple problem, the ability of granular materials to transmit shear stress makes this an extremely complex problem. This article presents high-quality data collected under a 2\&nbsp;m high stockpile and full details of the experimental facilities used in the collection of the data. <br /><br />The work presented is of significant value, having a much greater scale than previous studies (Jotaki \&amp; Moriyama, 1979; Lee \&amp; Herington, 1971; Smid \&amp; Novosad, 1981), and the deliberate inclusion of a central reclaim channel offers insight into stress changes during gravity reclaim and refilling. The results of this work have shown that the so-called \&lsquo;M\&rsquo; pressure does exist under larger stockpiles both with and without reclaim hoppers; of more significance is the reemergence of the M pressure upon refilling of an emptied stockpile. This clearly illustrates that the M pressure is a robust and natural pressure distribution for a conical stockpile.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652281},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ayuga et al. - 2001 - Discharge and the eccentricity of the hopper influence on the silo wall pressures.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/02726350500403264},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4BJ77J9-4/2/1af16f169011f53c593995527be3e969},
	comment = {PDF,DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1067-1074+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ayuga et al. - 2001 - Discharge and the eccentricity of the hopper influence on the silo wall pressures.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 924
@article{landry0000discrete_1,

	author = {Landry, H. and Lague, C. and Roberge, M.},
	title = {Discrete element representation of manure products},
	journal = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652280},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T5M-4HYMXYC-1/2/a19cb8fd260bb15348a42b517e0219b0},
	old_keywords = {constitutive, database, dem, discrete, element, fertilizers, input, jin, manure, method, modeling, models, numerical, oois, organic, parameters},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {17+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T5M-4HYMXYC-1/2/a19cb8fd260bb15348a42b517e0219b0},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		discrete,
		fertilizer,
		jin,
		manure,
		model,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		organic,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 925
@article{rabinovich0000adhesion_1,

	author = {Rabinovich, Y. I. and Adler, J. J. and Ata, A. and Singh, R. and Moudgil, B.},
	title = {Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - I. Role of Asperity Geometry},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Nanoscale surface roughness strongly affects the adhesion force between surfaces. In this investigation, a model that more accurately describes the size of an asperity based on the measurable parameters of root-mean-square (rms) roughness and the distance between the asperities is derived. The radius of the asperity from the proposed model is much larger than the radius used in previous approaches, considering the same surface with nanoscale roughness. Using the proposed geometry and previously suggested models, this paper elucidates the contributions from contact and noncontact interactions of a particle adhered to a surface with nanoscale roughness (approximately less than 20 nm rms). For most surfaces considered, the contact interaction of the asperity and the adhering particle are found to dominate the interaction. In the second paper of this series, the proposed model is compared to the experimentally determined force of adhesion in systems with nanoscale roughness. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652279},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rabinovich et al. - 2000 - Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - I. Role of Asperity Geometry.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/129/483/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s100350000048},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, atomic, band, compression, database, dem, force, jin, jps, localization, microscope, nanoscale, oois, piv, plane, powder, radiography, roughness, sand, strain, surface, triaxial},
	number = {1},
	pages = {10-16+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rabinovich et al. - 2000 - Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - I. Role of Asperity Geometry.pdf},
	volume = {232},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		atomic,
		band,
		compression,
		dem,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		localization,
		microscopy,
		nanoscale,
		oois,
		piv,
		plane,
		powder,
		radiography,
		roughness,
		sand,
		strain,
		surface,
		triaxial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 926
@article{shi0000numerical,

	author = {Shi, D. and McCarthy, J. J.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of liquid transfer between particles},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a methodological approach for the DEM modelling of geotechnical problems. The approach is based on quite general principles, which are illustrated with reference to a specific problem, i.e. the reproduction of a physical model of a foundation on a sandy slope. The approach mainly consists in the reproduction of the involved soil using a small, but statistically representative, assembly of spheres characterized by the same porosity and a slightly simplified grain-size curve. The DEM parameters are calibrated on the base of some standard compression tests on the same material utilised in the physical model. The thus calibrated DEM model is finally utilised to reproduce the tests on the model foundation, but, to limit the computational effort in this latter phase, an up-scaled grain-size curve is adopted and the corresponding DEM parameters are determined using the scaling rules provided with the approach. The performance of the numerical model in predicting the experiments is assessed by comparing both global results (foundation load鈥搒ettlement curves) and local measurements (strain field). Moreover, the DEM model is finally used to test the foundation behaviour in some different loading conditions that could not be investigated in the laboratory.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652278},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shi, McCarthy - 2008 - Numerical simulation of liquid transfer between particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/17486020902855688},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3ST1WWP-6/2/3e29193b47a2872b81a8e2ae9ef754f4},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, coating, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, jin, jps, liquid, materials, method, oois, piv, powder, spray},
	number = {1},
	pages = {64-75+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shi, McCarthy - 2008 - Numerical simulation of liquid transfer between particles.pdf},
	volume = {184},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		coating,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		spray,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 927
@proceedings{lm0000simulation,

	title = {Simulation of blasting induced rock motion using spherical element models.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {{L.M., T.} and {D.S., P.}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st U.S. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652277},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Simulation of blasting induced rock motion using spherical element models.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 928
@article{kwade0000determination,

	author = {Kwade, A. and Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Determination of the stress ratio in uniaxial compression tests},
	journal = {Powder Handling and Processing},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The ratio of horizontal to vertical stress at uniaxial compression (the lateral stress ratio) is an important parameter for the calculation of stresses acting in the cylindrical part of a silo. For the determination of the stress ratio with laboratory tests an appropriate device was built - the so-called Lambdameter. With this device experiments were carried out to study the influence of the measurement procedure and of several other parameters (e.g. wall roughness). On the basis of the results of these experiments a proposal of a standardized measurement procedure was laid down.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652276},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {61+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 929
@article{kwade0000design,

	author = {Kwade, A. and Schulze, D. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Design of silos: Direct measurement of stress ratio [Auslegung von Silos. Unmittelbare Messung des Horizontallastverhaeltnisses]},
	journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The 'Lambdameter' measuring instrument was developed and tested for direct measurement of the stress ratio. During preliminary investigations, the effects of the filling method and of the wall friction, among others, were observed. On the basis of the results obtained in this way, measuring methods and boundary conditions were selected which appeared to be best suited for determining a stress ratio capable of being used in order to calculate the stresses. In a series of tests, the stress ratios of 41 bulk solids were determined and compared with the results achieved on the basis of approximation equations (in particular, the computation regulation from Annex 1 of DIN 1055, Part 6). It appeared here that these computation methods led to too small values for the stress ratio in certain cases and in others, to this ratio being overestimated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652275},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {58+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 930
@article{kulatilake0000physical,

	author = {Kulatilake, P. H. S. W. and Malama, B. and Wang, J.},
	title = {Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652274},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-443503Y-3/2/bda0a9ec6eedf20e97740edb1a83b25c},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {5},
	pages = {641+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-443503Y-3/2/bda0a9ec6eedf20e97740edb1a83b25c},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 931
@proceedings{kuhn0000particle,

	title = {PARTICLE ROTATIONS IN GRANULAR MATERIALS},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Particle rotations can have a dominant influence on the behavior of granular materials, particularly in materials with circular or spherical particles. The paper briefly reviews experimental evidence of the magnitude and variability of particle rotations and their effect on a granular material's stiffness and strength. Evidence of rotational patterning is reported from DEM simulations of a large square assembly of multi-sized circular particles. The translational velocities of the particles were used to compute the rotation and deformation rates within small polygonal regions of material. The material rotation could then be compared with the rotations of the particles themselves. Two meso-scale phenomena are described in the paper: rotating clusters and rotation chains. During biaxial tests, the local deformation rates are highly variable, with banded regions having deformation rates much greater than the mean rate, and with clustered regions in which very little deformation occurs. Material within a nearly-rigid region usually rotates in either an entirely clockwise or entirely counter-clockwise manner. The direction of this material rotation matches the direction of particle rotations in these regions. In a second rotational pattern, the most rapidly rotating particles are aligned in chain-like patterns oblique to the principal stress directions. These rotation chains are usually located within intensely deforming band-like regions.},
	author = {Kuhn, M. R. and Member, A. and Bagi},
	booktitle = {15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652273},
	comment = {G},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Columbia University, New York, NY},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 932
@article{seville0000interparticle,

	author = {Seville, J. P. K.},
	title = {Interparticle forces in fluidisation: a review},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Continuum mechanical models and appropriate measuring methods to determine the material parameters are available to describe the flow behaviour of cohesive powders. These methods are successfully applied to design process equipment as silos. In addition, "microscopic" studies on the particle mechanics can give a better physical understanding of essential "macroscopic" constitutive functions describing a powder "continuum". At present, by means of the discrete element method (DEM), a tool is available that allows one to consider repulsive and frictional as well as attractive adhesion forces in detail. Within the framework of Newton's equations of motion, each particle in the system is tracked, and reacts to the forces acting. The knowledge of the interaction forces between particles is thus a prerequisite for understanding (via DEM) the stability and flow of particulate systems and other phenomena. In this study, macroscopic cohesion and friction are related to their microscopic counterparts, adhesion and contact-friction. The macroscopic cohesion is found to be proportional to the maximal microscopic adhesion force, and the macroscopic friction coefficient is a non-linear function of the contact friction, dependent (or independent) on the preparation procedure for yielding (or steady-state flow). One of the few methods available for the direct measurement of surface and contact-forces is the atomic force microscope (AFM) and, related to it, the so-called particle interaction apparatus (PIA). A contact model for ultrafine cohesive particles (average radius ) is introduced, based on such experiments. Plugged into DEM, consolidation, incipient yielding, and steady-state flow of the model powders are studied. Also the dynamic formation of the shear zone is examined and compared with experimental observations. Eventually, the shear experiments with volumetric strain measurements in a translational shear cell are used for validation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652272},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Seville - 2000 - Interparticle forces in fluidisation a review.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4N4YMN4-4/2/ee19063c53722e05cc9651a999cebd6e},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4HWX9W8-1/2/9fc1b34a8ca692d519bae837697c829d},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, atomic, balance, bed, bridge, database, definition, dem, der, engineering, exists, fluidisation, fluidised, force, forces, gravity, interparticle, introduction, is, jin, jps, liquid, micro-macro, microscopy, nature, of, on, oois, packed, particles, particulate, piv, powder, powders, processes, set, sintering, state, systems, the, transition, van, waals, when},
	number = {3},
	pages = {261-268+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Seville - 2000 - Interparticle forces in fluidisation a review.pdf},
	volume = {113},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		atomic,
		balance,
		bed,
		bridge,
		dem,
		fluidization,
		fluidization,
		force,
		force,
		gravity,
		interparticle,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		micromacro,
		microscopy,
		oois,
		packed,
		particle,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		sintering,
		transition,
		vanderwaals,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 933
@article{smith0000granular,

	author = {Smith, L. and Heyes, D. M. and Baxter, J. and Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, U.},
	title = {Granular Dynamics Simulations of Heap Formation: Effects of Feed Rate on Segregation Patterns in Binary Granular Heap},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The paper considers rotations at different scales in granular materials: the rotations of individual particles, the rolling and rigid-rotation of particle pairs, the rotational interactions of a particle within its cluster of neighbors, and the rotation of material regions. Numerical, Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations on two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) assemblies show that particle rotations are diverse, that they increase with strain until the material begins to soften, and that they are expressed in spatial patterns, even at small strains. The interactions of a pair of particles are a combination of three modes: a contact deformation mode, a contact rolling mode, and a mode of rigid pair motions. Definitions are presented for each mode, including four different definitions of contact rolling. A rolling curl is also defined, which describes the cumulative rolling of neighboring particles around a central particle or sub-region. At a larger scale, material deformation and rotation are measured within small sub-regions of material, and the material deformation can be attributed to separate contributions of contact rolling, contact deformation, and the rigid-rotation of particle pairs. The diversity and extend of contact rolling were measured in 2D and 3D simulations. A dominant rolling pattern was observed, which resembles the interactions of rolling gears. This pattern can extend to distances of at least six particle diameters from a central particle.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652271},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Smith et al. - 2001 - Granular Dynamics Simulations of Heap Formation Effects of Feed Rate on Segregation Patterns in Binary Granular Heap.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030238376\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=28791f67d8288ec7af2cc096ba82bb84},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4CVV606-5/2/7822d45e2a292fd2237da94adb6f0ac7},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 200
Export Date: 1 June 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1000-1000+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:23},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Smith et al. - 2001 - Granular Dynamics Simulations of Heap Formation Effects of Feed Rate on Segregation Patterns in Binary Granular Heap.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 934
@book{kreyszig0000advanced,

	author = {Kreyszig, E.},
	title = {Advanced Engineering Mathematics.},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Chichester. 5th edition.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652270},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 935
@article{dedecker0000specific,

	author = {Dedecker, F. and Chaze, M. and Dubujet, P. and Cambou, B.},
	title = {Specific features of strain in granular materials},
	journal = {Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {LTDS/UMR 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69130 Ecully, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652269},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3\%3C173::AID-CFM90\%3E3.0.CO;2-Z},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3<173::AID-CFM90>3.0.CO;2-Z},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3\%3C173::AID-CFM90\%3E3.0.CO;2-Z},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, oois, piv},
	number = {3},
	pages = {173-193+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200004)5:3\%3C173::AID-CFM90\%3E3.0.CO;2-Z},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		oois,
		piv,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 936
@article{ostendorf0000application_1,

	author = {Ostendorf, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Application of Particle Image Velocimetry for velocity measurements during silo discharge},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652268},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ostendorf, Schwedes - 2005 - Application of Particle Image Velocimetry for velocity measurements during silo discharge.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discharge, image, jin, jps, measurements, oois, particle, piv, powder, silo, velocimetry, velocity},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {69-75+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ostendorf, Schwedes - 2005 - Application of Particle Image Velocimetry for velocity measurements during silo discharge.pdf},
	volume = {158},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discharge,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		velocimetry,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 937
@article{pakarinen0000towards,

	author = {Pakarinen, O. H. and Foster, A. S. and Paajanen, M. and Kalinainen, T. and Katainen, J. and Makkonen, I. and Lahtinen, J. and Nieminen, R. M.},
	title = {Towards an accurate description of the capillary force in nanoparticle-surface interactions},
	journal = {Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652267},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pakarinen et al. - 2005 - Towards an accurate description of the capillary force in nanoparticle-surface interactions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/133/905/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bearing, capacity, curvature, database, dem, foundation, foundations, jin, jps, load, oois, piv, powder, sand, settlement, simulation, spread, tests},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1175-1186+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pakarinen et al. - 2005 - Towards an accurate description of the capillary force in nanoparticle-surface interactions.pdf},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bearing,
		dem,
		foundation,
		foundation,
		jin,
		jps,
		load,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,
		settlement,
		spread,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 938
@proceedings{kreiter0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical simulation of gas hydrate behavior in marine sediments using PFC2D},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Kreiter, S. and Grupe, B. and Feeser, V.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652266},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Numerical simulation of gas hydrate behavior in marine sediments using PFC2D
},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 939
@proceedings{konietzky0000model,

	title = {Use of DEM to model the interlocking effect of geogrids under static and cyclic loading},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Konietzky, H. and te Kamp, L. and Groeger, T. and Jenner, C.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652265},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Use of DEM to model the interlocking effect of geogrids under static and cyclic loading},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 940
@proceedings{komodromos0000simulation,

	title = {On the simulation of deformable bodies using combined discrete and finite element methods.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Komodromos, P.},
	booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652264},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
On the simulation of deformable bodies using combined discrete and finite element methods.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Santa Fe, NM.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 941
@article{aste0000investigating,

	author = {Aste, T. and Saadatfar, M. and Sakellariou, A. and Senden, T. J.},
	title = {Investigating the geometrical structure of disordered sphere packings},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Computer simulations based upon molecular dynamics techniques are used to study the case of a granular material consisting of non-spherical particles flowing through a collimating hopper. In these simulations we identify four generic flow regimes which depend upon the rate at which material flows into the hopper: (A) The outflow rate is steady and clog given sufficiently large fluctuations in the inflow rate; (C) the outflow varies with time and the mean time to clogging is nonzero, hence, even in the absence of fluctuations the hopper will eventually clog; and (D) The outflow is unsteady and the hopper is always clogged. Region C defines the critical flow regime, with flow exponent, [beta] = 1. This exponent may be universal, but our present simulations can reach no definite conclusion on this point.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652263},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Aste et al. - 2004 - Investigating the geometrical structure of disordered sphere packings.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V29-3XX6V0W-10/2/bb89a510ef15f73d1e194560eb0ecd07},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, complex, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, materials, microtomography, oois, packing, piv, powder, sphere},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {16-23+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Aste et al. - 2004 - Investigating the geometrical structure of disordered sphere packings.pdf},
	volume = {339},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		microtomography,
		oois,
		packing,
		piv,
		powder,
		sphere,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 942
@article{kitamura0000analysis,

	author = {Kitamura, R.},
	title = {Analysis of deformation mechanism of particulate material at particle scale.},
	journal = {Soils and Foundations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652262},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {85-97+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 943
@proceedings{kishino0000simulation,

	title = {GEM simulation of shear flows in granular media},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Kishino, Y.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652261},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
GEM simulation of shear flows in granular media},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 944
@book{kishino0000disc,

	author = {Kishino, Y.},
	title = {Disc model analysis of granular media},
	publisher = {In Microrrlechanics of Granular Materials, Satake, M. and Jenkins, J.T. (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 143-152.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652260},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 945
@article{elata0000contact,

	author = {Elata, D. and Berryman, J. G.},
	title = {Contact force-displacement laws and the mechanical behavior of random packs of identical spheres},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Although many studies have been made on the effect of end restraint in triaxial testing of soils, no data were available pertaining to static undrained tests on saturated sands. Therefore, a series of tests were conducted using triaxial specimens with regular and frictionless ends. The results showed that for a medium dense sand there was a significant (up to 20\%) increase in static undrained strength with frictionless ends as compared with tests using regular ends. The effect is significantly greater than observed for other studies pertaining to drained tests on sands and undrained tests on clays. The strong effect in this case was shown to be related to the difference in volume change/pore pressure change tendencies between tests with regular and frictionless ends as measured by the critical confining pressure. The study was undertaken as a prelude to a similar companion study on the influence of end restraint in undrained cyclic tests on saturated sand.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652259},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Elata, Berryman - 1996 - Contact force-displacement laws and the mechanical behavior of random packs of identical spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0017983627\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441W069-J/2/22531aa00ad3d12a7100341a2468e148},
	comment = {PDF,
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 8
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {229-240+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Elata, Berryman - 1996 - Contact force-displacement laws and the mechanical behavior of random packs of identical spheres.pdf},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 946
@article{richefeu0000stress,

	author = {Richefeu, V. and Radja\~{A}¯, F. and {S., M.}},
	title = {Stress transmission in wet granular materials},
	journal = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We analyze stress transmission in wet granular media in the pendular state by means of three-dimensional molecular-dynamics simulations. We show that the tensile action of capillary bonds induces a self-stressed particle network organized in two percolating "phases" of positive and negative particle pressures. Various statistical descriptors of the microstructure and bond force network are used to characterize this partition. Two basic properties emerge: 1) the highest particle pressure is located in the bulk of each phase; 2) the lowest pressure level occurs at the interface between the two phases, involving also the largest connectivity of the particles via tensile and compressive bonds. When a confining pressure is applied, the number of tensile bonds falls off and the negative phase breaks into aggregates and isolated sites.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652258},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, Radja\~{A}¯, El Youssoufi - 2006 - Stress transmission in wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v82/p5241},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0957-0233-10-1-009
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.5241
 | 
{El Youssoufi}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, s\_luding},
	number = {4},
	pages = {359-69+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu, Radja\~{A}¯, El Youssoufi - 2006 - Stress transmission in wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 947
@article{restagno0000where,

	author = {Restagno, F. and Bocquet, L. and Charlaix, E.},
	title = {Where does a cohesive granular heap break?},
	journal = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this paper, we consider the effect of cohesion on the stability of a granular heap and compute the maximum angle of stability of the heap as a function of the cohesion. We show that the stability is strongly affected by the dependence of the cohesion on the local pressure. In particular, this dependence is found to determine the localization of the failure plane. While for a constant adhesion force, slip occurs deep inside the heap, surface failure is obtained for a linear variation of the cohesion on the normal stress. Such a transition allows to interpret some recent experimental results on cohesive materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652257},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Restagno, Bocquet, Charlaix - 2004 - Where does a cohesive granular heap break.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v77/p3110},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3110},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {177-83+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Restagno, Bocquet, Charlaix - 2004 - Where does a cohesive granular heap break.pdf},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 948
@article{khan0000comment_2,

	author = {Khan, K. M. and Bushell, G.},
	title = {Comment on "Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation"},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652256},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4FFN9CP-1/2/a56e925041e350632be21e33584082af},
	old_keywords = {angle, database, dem, discrete, element, friction, jin, method, oois, rolling, velocity},
	number = {2-4},
	pages = {522+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4FFN9CP-1/2/a56e925041e350632be21e33584082af},
	volume = {352},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		jin,
		oois,
		rolling,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 949
@book{kernighan0000programming,

	author = {Kernighan, B. W. and Ritchie, D. M.},
	title = {The C Programming Language.},
	publisher = {Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2nd edition.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652255},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 950
@book{kelley0000iterative,

	author = {Kelley, C. T.},
	title = {Iterative Methods for Linear and Nonlinear Equations.},
	publisher = {SIAM, Philadelphia.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652254},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 951
@proceedings{kawamoto0000introduction,

	title = {Introduction of research and de\relopnlcnt on electromechanics of electromagnetic particles for imaging technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Kawamoto, H.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652253},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Introduction of research and de\relopnlcnt on electromechanics of electromagnetic particles for imaging technology},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 952
@article{kawaguchi0000numerical_1,

	author = {Kawaguchi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Tsuji, Y.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of two-dimensional fluidised beds using discrete element method (comparison between two- and three-dimensional models)},
	journal = {Powder Technol.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652252},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {129-138+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 953
@proceedings{katzenbach0000micromechanical,

	title = {Micromechanical modeling of granular materials under triaxial and oedoinetric loading},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Katzenbach, R. and Schmitt, A.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652251},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Micromechanical modeling of granular materials under triaxial and oedoinetric loading},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 954
@proceedings{kato0000effects,

	title = {Effects of intergranular adhesive force on behavior of granular material},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Kato, S. and Sakakibara, T. and Yoshimori, H.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652250},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Effects of intergranular adhesive force on behavior of granular material},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 955
@article{kamath0000flow,

	author = {Kamath, S. and Puri, V. M. and Manbeck, H. B.},
	title = {Flow property measurement using the Jenike cell for wheat flour at various moisture contents and consolidation times},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A model with few material parameters is proposed for finite element simulation of the transient flow of cohesionless granular materials in silos. The constitutive model used is essentially a fluid model and, consequently, it is best established in the Eulerian format. The model allows the simulation of initial stress transients at the beginning of the discharging process. After long time, when the solution approaches steady state, the flow pattern that is developed represents either a mass or funnel flow situation. Numerical examples of transient stress fields are given, and the flow patterns in advanced silo geometries are studied. The numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and experiments known from the literature.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652249},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kamath, Puri, Manbeck - 1994 - Flow property measurement using the Jenike cell for wheat flour at various moisture contents and consolidation times.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QCP/13/116/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3TXCN74-5/2/a96fab941ebe6dfdcc466b40fbda6819},
	comment = {PDF, SILO-PEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cell, database, dem, flour, flow, jenike, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, properties, wheat},
	number = {2},
	pages = {293-297+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kamath, Puri, Manbeck - 1994 - Flow property measurement using the Jenike cell for wheat flour at various moisture contents and consolidation times.pdf},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cell,
		dem,
		flour,
		flow,
		jenike,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		wheat,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 956
@article{thornton0000note,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {A note on the effect of initial particle spin on the rebound behaviour of oblique particle impacts},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Two tonnes of alumina is required to produce one tonne of aluminium. The logistics of alumina therefore represent an important part of the aluminium production, including unloading of ships, internal transport and storage, fume treatment and finally distribution into the electrolysis pots. Over the last 20 years several automated distribution systems utilizing pneumatic conveying have been developed. These systems are closed, resulting in less dusting. However, due to the erosive properties of alumina and relatively high transport velocities, such systems require high maintenance frequencies. Problems also arise because secondary alumina forms scales when conveyed pneumatically. We present here a new system utilizing low conveying velocity air-slides with adequate capacities. The Aerated Distribution System (ADS) has been installed and tested in regular production and it shows very little need for maintenance. The system also includes a separation unit to remove the scales, thus eliminating scaling problems. The difference in maintenance frequency, the lifetime cost and the "up-time" strongly favours the ADS when compared to other available systems. Another advantage of the ADS is that several pots fed by this system more easily may be treated as one unit instead of several individual pots. When introducing automated alumina distribution systems, improved homogeneity of the ingoing alumina is usually required to ensure stable logistic flow. A system to reduce segregation when filling silos and A-frames has been developed and operated in production, demonstrating a relative homogenizing factor of 1.47 on the alumina put through the system.},
	booktitle = {Light Metals: Proceedings of Sessions, TMS Annual Meeting (Warrendale, Pennsylvania)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652248},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton - 2009 - A note on the effect of initial particle spin on the rebound behaviour of oblique particle impacts.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
New Aerated Distribution (ADS) and Anti Segregation (ASS) systems for alumina},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {152-156+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton - 2009 - A note on the effect of initial particle spin on the rebound behaviour of oblique particle impacts.pdf},
	volume = {192},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 957
@article{silbert0000geometry_1,

	author = {Silbert, L. E. and Erta\r{A}\"{Y}, D. and Grest, G. S. and Halsey, T. C. and Levine, D.},
	title = {Geometry of frictionless and frictional sphere packings},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The flow properties, i.e. cohesion and slope of the yield locus, of wheat flour at three different moisture contents (11.8\%, 14.7\% and 16.4\%, dry basis) were measured using the Jenike shear tester with no time consolidation, i.e. instantaneous yield loci, over a range of loading conditions. The values of cohesion obtained for the three moisture contents were not significantly (P < 0.05) different. However, the values of the yield locus slope were significantly (P < 0.05) different. In addition, the measured flow properties of wheat flour at 11.8\% moisture content and two consolidation times of 12 h and 24 h were not significantly (P<0.05) different. Author Keywords: Wheat flour; Jenike cell; Flow properties},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652247},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Silbert et al. - 2002 - Geometry of frictionless and frictional sphere packings.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v48/p4099},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440V8WV-V/2/ffbba7293d1e68880be70557b2a07880},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.48.4099},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {31304-31304+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Silbert et al. - 2002 - Geometry of frictionless and frictional sphere packings.pdf},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 958
@article{fitzpatrick0000flow,

	author = {Fitzpatrick, J. and Barringer, S. A. and Iqbal, T.},
	title = {Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike's hopper design methodology to the measured values},
	journal = {Journal of Food Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Displacement finite element analysis is performed for a cone-penetration test in cohesionless soils. By modelling finite strain in the soil and large scale sliding at the penetrometer-soil interface, a more realistic penetration process is simulated in which the penetrometer is assumed to be rigid and the soil is assumed to be an elastic-perfect-plastic continuum obeying the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The cone resistance found from the calculations shows that the depth of steady-state penetration depends on the stress state and the soil properties. Parametric studies are performed to illustrate the influence of various factors on the cone resistance at the steady state. The deformation mode of the soil around the cone, as well as the plastic zone, is shown to be similar to that caused by cavity expansion. Indeed, the calculated cone resistances are comparable with empirical correlations based on cavity-expansion theory.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652246},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fitzpatrick, Barringer, Iqbal - 2004 - Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike's hopper design methodology to the measured values.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4DR0W0P-2/2/be132ed5bc9af03a2fc85b31ce3105ce},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4BBH88N-3/2/563a940426538c6b0d8fbb775d2c593e},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, cohesion, cone, database, dem, element, finite, jin, jps, oois, penetration, piv, powder, resistance, soil},
	number = {3},
	pages = {399-405+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fitzpatrick, Barringer, Iqbal - 2004 - Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike's hopper design methodology to the measured values.pdf},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		cone,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		penetration,
		piv,
		powder,
		resistance,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 959
@article{fischercripps0000hertzian,

	author = {Fischer-Cripps, A. C.},
	title = {The Hertzian contact surface},
	journal = {Journal of materials science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper describes a fluidised bed model developed from the DEM-based Aston granular dynamics code in which the solid–solid interaction rules are based on theoretical contact mechanics thereby enabling particles to be directly specified by material properties such as friction, elasticity, elasto-plasticity and auto-adhesion. For the gas phase which is treated as a continuum, the equations of motion are evaluated with a Navier–Stokes solver originally developed for a two-fluid model. The coupling of the discrete particulate phase and the continuous fluid phase equations is an important attribute of such Eulerian–Lagrangian models and two forms of the coupling terms have been examined: one employing the pressure gradient force (PGF model) and the other a buoyancy force based on the fluid density (FDB model). Uniform fluidisation simulations for a superficial gas velocity of 2.5 ms−1 and bed pressure drop-superficial gas velocity simulations for gas flows from 0.3 to 3.0 ms−1 have been carried out in a pseudo-2D bed of 2400 4 mm-diameter spherical particles using the two model formulations. The two formulations yielded minor differences in qualitative fluidisation behaviour with a gas flow of 2.5 ms−1. However, there were significant differences in the pressure drop-superficial gas velocity profiles in the fixed bed regime and corresponding significant differences in the prediction of minimum fluidisation velocity. The PGF model showed the best agreement with pressure drop-superficial gas velocity trends and minimum fluidisation velocities predicted by empirical correlations. Two new methods for determining the minimum fluidisation velocity have been introduced and found to give predictions in good agreement with those obtained from pressure drop-superficial gas velocity profiles and empirical correlations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652245},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fischer-Cripps - 1999 - The Hertzian contact surface.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3D-42NRCKC-1/2/88c5949ba1e9faf776275c38cf27d516},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-45TTGVV-4/2/45bcb50c240ee6bec22d534db1d6ecf7},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0266-1144(01)00003-6},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, bearing, capacity, database, dem, failure, foundations, jin, jps, limit, mechanism, model, oois, piv, powder, reinforcement, soil, test},
	number = {1},
	pages = {129-137+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fischer-Cripps - 1999 - The Hertzian contact surface.pdf},
	volume = {34},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bearing,
		dem,
		failure,
		foundation,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanism,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		reinforcement,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 960
@article{feng0000comments,

	author = {Feng, Y.},
	title = {Comments on \^{a}€{\oe}Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds\^{a}€ by Kafui et al. [Chemical Engineering Scinece 57 (2002) 2395\^{a}€ ” 2410]},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A numerical study of the micromechanics of impact of a sub-millimetre sized crystalline agglomerate with a target wall has been carried out using granular dynamics (or discrete element) simulations. The agglomerate, a spherical face-centred cubic array of ca. 8000 autoadhesive elastic primary particles, was assigned different interparticle bond strengths and impacted at different velocities. The effect of impact velocity and bond strength on the evolution of various impact parameters is reported. During loading, a shear-induced pattern of partially fractured planes was created which was dictated by the geometry of the impact area and the orientation of the packing planes. During unloading, fracture patterns were observed to be sub-sets of the preformed shear-induced weakened planes. The fragment size and mass distributions after impact have also been examined and related to the intrinsic properties of the agglomerate and the impact parameters.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652244},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feng - 2004 - Comments on \^{a}€{\oe}Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds\^{a}€ by Kafui et al. Chemical Engineering Scinece 57 (2002) 2395\^{a}€ ” 2410.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382336a0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-D/2/4a7504e660dfda206db6848d1677819d},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1038/382336a0
10.1038/382336a0},
	doi = {10.1038/382336a0},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {719-722+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Feng - 2004 - Comments on \^{a}€{\oe}Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas\^{a}€ ” solid fluidised beds\^{a}€ by Kafui et al. Chemical Engineering Scinece 57 (2002) 2395\^{a}€ ” 2410.pdf},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 961
@article{hodges0000model,

	author = {Hodges, C. S. and Looi, L. and Cleaver, J. A. S. and Ghadiri, M.},
	title = {Use of the JKR model for calculating adhesion between rough surfaces},
	journal = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A simple method for using the JKR model to determine interfacial adhesion between two ideal rough surfaces is demonstrated for individual asperity-asperity and asperity-flat contacts both in air and in water. The model takes into account the effect of a modified contact area at separation due to viscoelastic effects. The equilibrium version of the model significantly underestimates the measured adhesion, whereas the viscoelastic version of the model is much closer to the measured data. The asperity-flat geometry used with the viscoelastic version of the model seems to fit the experimental results best. This was thought to be due to the unlikely occurrence of direct asperity-asperity contacts. Instead, it would seem that the asperities have a far higher chance of fitting between each other on opposing surfaces, leading to correspondingly higher pull-off forces measured on separation. Many possible extensions to the roughness model described here may be made, allowing a much-improved understanding of the contact mechanics between two rough surfaces.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652243},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hodges et al. - 2004 - Use of the JKR model for calculating adhesion between rough surfaces.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-44249096838\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=2e215cb47a7a3a63c745b90070dfae53},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Export Date: 16 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {22},
	pages = {9571-6+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hodges et al. - 2004 - Use of the JKR model for calculating adhesion between rough surfaces.pdf},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 962
@article{jorgenson0000blast,

	author = {Jorgenson, G. K. and Chung, S. H.},
	title = {Blast simulation - surface and underground with SABREX model.},
	journal = {CIM Bulletin},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652242},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {37-41+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 963
@article{jonathan0000comparison,

	author = {Jonathan},
	title = {Comparison of Techniques for Measuring the Size of Fine non-spherical particles},
	journal = {Particle and Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Three general types of commercial particle sizing instruments have been tested with redispersed fly ash and devolatilised coal char in the size range 0.5 to 5 ?m. Results are compared with volume-equivalent diameters obtained by Coulter Counter. Single-particle light-scattering counters are found to oversize fly ash, primarily because of the irregular particle shape, but generally to undersize the strongly absorbing char particles. The Malvern sizer, based on Fraunhofer diffraction analysis, grossly oversizes fly ash dispersed in water, probably because most of the particles are too small for the Fraunhofer approximation to be valid; results for carbon char are closer to the expected values, although results for particles dispersed in air and in water show some disagreement. The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer undersizes irregular particles substantially, probably because of increased drag resulting from the irregular shape and tumbling motion of these particles.},
	address = {Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de S鉶 Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, 13.560 - S鉶 Carlos (SP), Brazil; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH (U.K.)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652241},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010108},
	comment = {10.1002/ppsc.19840010108},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.19840010108},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {45-52+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010108},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 964
@proceedings{johnson0000application,

	title = {Application of an ellipsoid approximation to discreteidistinct element modeling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Johnson, S. and Williams, J. R. and Cook, B. K.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652240},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Application of an ellipsoid approximation to discreteidistinct element modeling},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 965
@article{langston0000vibration_1,

	author = {Langston, P. A. and Matchett, A. J. and Fraige, F. Y. and Dodds, J.},
	title = {Vibration induced flow in hoppers: continuum and DEM model approaches},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {VII International Conference on Computational Plasticity},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652239},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston et al. - 2009 - Vibration induced flow in hoppers continuum and DEM model approaches.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/9/523/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Contact detection algorithm for an ellipsoid using Equivalent contact spheres},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, bulk, chaos, criticality, database, dem, element, finite, granular, handling, hoppers, internal, jin, jps, materials, models, oois, piv, powder, sandpile, self-organised, solids, storage, stresses, vibration},
	location = {Barcelona},
	number = {2},
	pages = {99-113+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Langston et al. - 2009 - Vibration induced flow in hoppers continuum and DEM model approaches.pdf},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		chaos,
		dem,
		granular,
		hopper,
		internal,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,pile,
		selforganisation,
		solid,
		stress,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 966
@article{lapko0000analysis,

	author = {Lapko, A. and Gnatowski, M. and Prusiel, J. A.},
	title = {Analysis of some effects caused by interaction between bulk solid and rc silo wall structure},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, 3305 CEBA Building, Louisiana State University and Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.; Machine Research, Caterpillar Inc. Mossville, IL 61552, U.S.A.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652238},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lapko, Gnatowski, Prusiel - 2003 - Analysis of some effects caused by interaction between bulk solid and rc silo wall structure.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.534},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Application of an ellipsoid approximation to discrete/distinct element modelling
 | 
10.1002/nag.534},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.534},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, interaction, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, response, silo, structural, thermal, wall},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {44-53+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lapko, Gnatowski, Prusiel - 2003 - Analysis of some effects caused by interaction between bulk solid and rc silo wall structure.pdf},
	volume = {133},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		interaction,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		response,
		silo,
		structure,
		thermal,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 967
@article{makse2000packing,

	author = {Makse, H. A. and Johnson, D. L. and Schwartz, L. M.},
	title = {Packing of compressible granular materials},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {2000},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652237},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Makse, Johnson, Schwartz - 2000 - Packing of compressible granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v70/e011301},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	isbn = {0 521 34796 3},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, fluctuations, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, paper\_1, piv, powder, statistics},
	number = {18},
	pages = {4160--4163},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University press},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Makse, Johnson, Schwartz - 2000 - Packing of compressible granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {84},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		fluctuation,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		paper1,
		piv,
		powder,
		statistics,
	},

}

ref_id = 968
@book{johansson0000detonics,

	author = {Johansson, C. H. and Persson, P. A.},
	title = {Detonics of High Explosives},
	publisher = {Academic Press, London.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652236},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:22},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 969
@article{mahmoodi0000effect,

	author = {Mahmoodi, F. and Alderborn, G. and Frenning, G.},
	title = {Effect of lubrication on the distribution of force between spherical agglomerates during compression},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The observed minimum in the normal stress beneath the highest portion of a `sandpile' (a pile of granular material) is a counter-intuitive result that has long remained unexplained. In this paper, we suggest that spatial size differentiation, where the larger particles are separated from smaller particles within the pile, creates an increase in the internal horizontal stress distribution, which in turn gives rise to a minimum in the normal stress, similar to what is observed experimentally. We develop a simple analytic model for the normal stress that encapsulates the existence of horizontal contact forces between adjacent colevel particles. We compare this analytic model to the results of an n-body simulation code, where we obtain close quantitative agreement for small sandpiles. Finally, experimental results from a real sandpile are replicated by an n-body code, but only for a distribution of material where the largest particles are at the top of the pile.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652235},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mahmoodi, Alderborn, Frenning - 2010 - Effect of lubrication on the distribution of force between spherical agglomerates during compression.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440V8VF-C/2/6d21023f86921af36feff4d459dc4c11},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4BYR681-2/2/de0284daf6cc4b470af220a17782c49a},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {69-74+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mahmoodi, Alderborn, Frenning - 2010 - Effect of lubrication on the distribution of force between spherical agglomerates during compression.pdf},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 970
@article{martanez0000simulation,

	author = {Mart\~{A}­nez, M. and Alfaro, I. and Doblar\~{A}{\copyright}, M.},
	title = {Simulation of axisymmetric discharging in metallic silos. Analysis of the induced pressure distribution and comparison with different standards},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The paper describes the development and performance of parallel algorithms for the discrete element method (DEM) software. Spatial domain decomposition strategy and message passing inter-processor communication have been implemented in the DEMMAT code for simulation of visco-elastic frictional granular media. The novel algorithm combining link-cells for contact detection, the static domain decomposition for parallelization and MPI data transfer for processors exchanging particles has been developed for distributed memory PC clusters. The parallel software DEMMAT\&lowbar;PAR has been applied to model compacting of spherical particles in the rectangular box. Two benchmark problems with different numbers of particles have been solved in order to measure parallel efficiency of the code. The inter-processor communication has been examined in order to improve domain decomposition topology and to achieve better load balancing. The speed-up equal to 11 has been obtained on 16 processors. The parallel performance study has been performed on the PC cluster VILKAS of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652234},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mart\~{A}­nez, Alfaro, Doblar\~{A}{\copyright} - 2002 - Simulation of axisymmetric discharging in metallic silos. Analysis of the induced pressure distribution and comparison with different standards.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://iospress.metapress.com/content/a9ga03yl2qmvdykr},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P87R-D9/2/c59ce1b04775e75746013251430c82a0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bulk, database, dem, discharging, distribution, dynamic, element, finite, in, jin, jps, materials, metallic, oois, piv, powder, pressure, processes, rezoning, silos, simulation, solid},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1561-1574+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mart\~{A}­nez, Alfaro, Doblar\~{A}{\copyright} - 2002 - Simulation of axisymmetric discharging in metallic silos. Analysis of the induced pressure distribution and comparison with different standards.pdf},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bulk,
		dem,
		discharge,
		distribution,
		dynamics,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		metal,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		silo,
		solid,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 971
@article{michalowski0000flow_2,

	author = {Michalowski, R. L.},
	title = {Flow of granular media through a plane parallel/converging bunker},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report sets of precise and reproducible measurements on the static pressure at the bottom of a granular column. We make a quantitative analysis of the pressure saturation when the column height is increased. We evidence a great sensitivity of the measurements with the global packing fraction and the eventual presence of shear bands at the boundaries. We also show the limit of the classical Janssen model and discuss these experimental results under the scope of recently proposed theoretical frameworks.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652233},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Michalowski - 1987 - Flow of granular media through a plane parallelconverging bunker.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050965},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P5VN-1Y/2/50be8fe77a2d1aabd3a6ebf993190402},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s100510050965},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050965},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {11},
	pages = {2587-2596+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Michalowski - 1987 - Flow of granular media through a plane parallelconverging bunker.pdf},
	volume = {42},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 972
@article{jochem0000discharging,

	author = {Jochem, K. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Discharging silos by aeration [Entleeren von Silos mit Luft]},
	journal = {ZKG International},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Aeration has been investigated as a discharge aid in a test silo with a hopper divided vertically into separate aeration elements. In the first part of the investigation the silo was supplied with air to break down stable arches in the material. The second part of the investigation was carried out using a hopper geometry such that some of the bulk solid remains at rest during the discharge process. This flow profile is called funnel flow, and the intention was to convert it to mass flow by aeration. The formation of stable arches is only possible below a critical height in the hopper. It has been shown experimentally that the air for destroying the arches must be supplied above this critical height in the hopper. This is the only way to achieve air flow through any possible arches. The aeration pressure in the silo required for this purpose has been calculated as well as measured; it increases with increasing distance of the lower edge of the aerated area from the arch. The size of the aerated area and the filling height of the bulk solid in the silo have no significant influence on the aeration pressure required. The experiments that were performed to achieve mass flow in a silo with a hopper that produces funnel flow have shown that mass flow can only be achieved if air is supplied at the transition from the hopper to the vertical section.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652232},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {678+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {50},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 973
@article{jochem0000aerated,

	author = {Jochem, K. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Use of aerated hoppers as discharge aids: Experiments and calculations},
	journal = {Powder Handling and Processing},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {When aerated hoppers are used as a discharge aid, then the required gas pressure for the destruction of an arch increases with increasing distance between the aeration zone and the outlet. This was shown theoretically as well as experimentally. A further result is that the influence of the area of the aeration zone is comparatively small. It was also shown theoretically that the required air volume rate depends clearly on the filling height. Experiments proved that the required gas pressure decreases with increasing outlet width and finally that unaerated aeration elements have an influence on the conditions inside the silo.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652231},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {341+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 974
@article{skrinjar0000discrete,

	author = {Skrinjar, O.},
	title = {On discrete element modelling of compaction of powders with size ratio},
	journal = {Computational Materials Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;Dense granular matter is a conglomeration of discrete solid and closely packed particles. As subjected to external loadings, the stress is largely transmitted by heavily stressed chains of particles forming a sparse network of larger contact forces. To understand the structure and evolution of force chains, a photoelastic technique was improved for determining stresses and strains in the assemblies of photoelastic granular disks in this paper. A two-dimensional vertical slab was designed. It contains 7200 polydispersed photoelastic disks and is subjected to a localized probe penetrating at the top of the slab to mimic the cone penetration test. The interparticle contact force distribution was found a peak around the mean value, a roughly exponential tail for greater force and a dip toward zero for smaller force. The force chain network around the probe tip was depicted, and the contact angle distribution of particles in force chains was found to be well aligned in the directions of major principal stress.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652230},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Skrinjar - 2004 - On discrete element modelling of compaction of powders with size ratio.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0003-8},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-49J8F48-2/2/12106a673ac978be2ac35ac0fb0967ab},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s11709-010-0003-8},
	doi = {10.1007/s11709-010-0003-8},
	old_keywords = {aarons, compaction, database, dem, discrete, element, isostatic, jin, jps, modelling, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {131-146+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Skrinjar - 2004 - On discrete element modelling of compaction of powders with size ratio.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compaction,
		dem,
		discrete,
		isostaticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 975
@article{chen0000statistical,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Rotter, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Statistical inference of unsymmetrical silo pressures from comprehensive wall strain measurements},
	journal = {Thin-Walled Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652229},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Rotter, Ooi - 1998 - Statistical inference of unsymmetrical silo pressures from comprehensive wall strain measurements.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-B/2/56be4b9e1d0a60501787a4adb12dc06a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, centrifuge, database, dem, discrete, dragline, element, granular, jin, jps, method, mills, mixing, oois, piv, powder, tumbler},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {117-136+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen, Rotter, Ooi - 1998 - Statistical inference of unsymmetrical silo pressures from comprehensive wall strain measurements.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		centrifuge,
		dem,
		discrete,
		drag,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		mill,
		mixing,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		tumbling,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 976
@article{landry0000discrete_2,

	author = {Landry, J. W. and Grest, G. S. and Plimpton, S. J.},
	title = {Discrete element simulations of stress distributions in silos: crossover from two to three dimensions},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652228},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Landry, Grest, Plimpton - 2004 - Discrete element simulations of stress distributions in silos crossover from two to three dimensions.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v53/p4673},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGM/1/1/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4673},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, glass, ground, jin, jps, oois, piv, polynomial-time, powder, spin, states, two-dimensional},
	number = {3},
	pages = {233-239+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Landry, Grest, Plimpton - 2004 - Discrete element simulations of stress distributions in silos crossover from two to three dimensions.pdf},
	volume = {139},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		glass,
		ground,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		polynomial,
		powder,
		spin,
		2d,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 977
@article{jensen0000simulation,

	author = {Jensen, R. P. and Bosscher, P. J. and Plesha, M. E. and Edil, T. B.},
	title = {DEM simulation of granular media - Structure interface: effects of surface roughness and particle shape.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652227},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {531 -547.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 978
@article{jenkins0000theory,

	author = {Jenkins, J. T. and Savage, S. B.},
	title = {A theory for the rapid flow of identical, smooth, nearly elastic, spherical particles.},
	journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652226},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {187-202.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {130},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 979
@proceedings{kremmer0000discrete,

	title = {Discrete element modeling of the flow of irregular, smooth-surfaced particles through an environment of arbitrary geometry},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Numerical simulation tests were carried out using the distinct element method (DEM) by paying much attention to the micro-deformation mechanism leading to the development of shear bands. To do this, the conventional DEM was modified slightly such that the effect of rolling resistance at contact points could be taken into account (called MDEM). It is found that MDEM can be a powerful tool for simulating not only the generation of large voids inside a shear band but also the high gradient of particle rotation along the shear band boundaries, in a quite similar manner to those observed in natural granular soils. It is concluded, based on the numerical simulation tests, that the basic micro-deformation mechanism ending up with the formation of shear bands is in the generation of a column-like structure during the hardening process and its collapse in the softening process.},
	author = {Kremmer, M. and Favier, J. F.},
	booktitle = {EM2000: 14th Engineering Mechanics Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652225},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2000 - Discrete element modeling of the flow of irregular, smooth-surfaced particles through an environment of arbitrary geometry.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-K/2/9da62831730f4d9df581f87150feeade},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00236-3
 | 
Discrete element modeling of the flow of irregular, smooth-surfaced particles through an environment of arbitrary geometry},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, column-like, database, dem, development, dilatancy, granular, jin, jps, material, micromechanics, numerical, oois, piv, powder, shear, simulation, structure},
	location = {Austin, Texas},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {192-205+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Utah Engineering Experimental Station Bulletin},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kremmer, Favier - 2000 - Discrete element modeling of the flow of irregular, smooth-surfaced particles through an environment of arbitrary geometry.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		dem,
		dilatation,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		structure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 980
@article{jayaweera0000behavior,

	author = {Jayaweera, K. O. L. F. and Mason, B. J. and Slack, G. W.},
	title = {The behavior of clusters of spheres falling in a viscous fluid. Part 1 Experiment.},
	journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652224},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {121 - 128.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 981
@article{nielsen0000pressures,

	author = {Nielsen},
	title = {Pressures from flowing granular solids in silos},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate shear strength properties of wet granular materials as a function of water content in the pendular state. Sand and glass beads were wetted and tested in a direct shear cell. In parallel, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations by using an explicit expression of capillary force as a function of interparticle distance, water bridge volume and surface tension. Experiments and numerical simulations are in good agreement. We show that the shear strength is mostly controlled by the distribution of liquid bonds. This property results leads to the saturation of shear strength as a function of water content. We arrive at the same conclusion by analyzing the shear strength from the microstructure and by accounting for particle polydispersity. Finally, we discuss the potentialities of the discrete element approach as applied to unsaturated soils.},
	booktitle = {Theoretical and Numerical Unsaturated Soil Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652223},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nielsen - 1998 - Pressures from flowing granular solids in silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69876-0\_9},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4GYH7W6-1/2/56d117cc0e9a08bcceb83b75f09ecd96},
	comment = {PDF
 | 
10.1007/3-540-69876-0\_9},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-69876-0\_9},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {2667-2667+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nielsen - 1998 - Pressures from flowing granular solids in silos.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 982
@article{groger0000modelling,

	author = {Groger, T. and Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, U. and Heyes, D. M.},
	title = {Modelling and measuring of cohesion in wet granular materials},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652222},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Groger, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Heyes - 2003 - Modelling and measuring of cohesion in wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v71/pS374},
	comment = {PDF
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
RMP
 | 
10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S374},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {203-215+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Groger, Tu\`{I}ˆzu\`{I}ˆn, Heyes - 2003 - Modelling and measuring of cohesion in wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {133},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 983
@article{jacota0000micromechanical,

	author = {Jacota, A. and Dawson, P. R.},
	title = {Micromechanical modeling of powder compacts - I. Unit problems for sintering and traction induced deformation},
	journal = {Acta Metall.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652221},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {9},
	pages = {2551-2561+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 984
@proceedings{iwashita0000granular,

	title = {Granular assembly simulation for dynamic cliff collapse due to earthquake},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Iwashita, K. and Hakuno, M.},
	booktitle = {Proc. 9th World Conf: on Earthquake Eng., 3, 175-180,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652220},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Granular assembly simulation for dynamic cliff collapse due to earthquake},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Tokyo-Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 985
@article{ivashkevich0000introduction,

	author = {Ivashkevich, E. V. and Priezzhev, V. B.},
	title = {Introduction to the sandpile model},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652219},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3VGPMGX-2T/2/6665c19c37b938c91c72aec51b90991f},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {97+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3VGPMGX-2T/2/6665c19c37b938c91c72aec51b90991f},
	volume = {254},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 986
@proceedings{imre0000particle,

	title = {The particle flow code, PFC2D, applied in planetary studies to model the tectonic evolution of chasma walls on Mars},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Imre, B.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652218},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
The particle flow code, PFC2D, applied in planetary studies to model the tectonic evolution of chasma walls on Mars},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:21},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 987
@article{imber0000threedimensional,

	author = {Imber, J. and Tuckwell, G. W. and Childs, C. and Walsh, J. J. and Manzocchi, T. and Heath, A. E. and Bonson, C. G. and Strand, J.},
	title = {Three-dimensional distinct element modelling of relay growth and breaching along normal faults},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Geology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652217},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-4CCNSJR-1/2/0d5185a3a099890f2de106e5a944e347},
	old_keywords = {database, faults, jin, linkage, modelling, numerical, oois, relays, segmentation},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1897+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-4CCNSJR-1/2/0d5185a3a099890f2de106e5a944e347},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		linkage,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		relay,
		segmentation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 988
@article{rognon0000dense,

	author = {Rognon, P. G. and Roux and Naa\~{A}¯m, M. and Chevoir},
	title = {Dense flows of cohesive granular materials},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Slowly poured granular heaps evolve by a process of discrete avalanching. We separately investigate stress and voidage evolution in the dynamic boundary layer in which avalanching is initiated and takes place and patterns of stress distribution in the static regions of the heap which are not involved in avalanche activity. The defining events in the evolution of the heap are limited in number and localised in time and space. We investigate stress, voidage and avalanche velocity coupling, particularly in terms of these localised defining events. We analyse the time series that result from periodic sampling of a granular dynamics simulation and demonstrate the potential of the discrete wavelet transform that has been added to our simulation post-processing toolset as an aid to coupling of time series variables in the context of localised defining events. In particular, we show that correlation between time-lagged wavelet transform coefficients can be much more revealing than correlation functions derived from the original time series themselves and has the potential to identify time constants in the absence of clearly defined periodicity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652216},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rognon et al. - 2008 - Dense flows of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-46TG65P-4/2/0c6b07f8224d671f068795d088939939},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, avalanche, boundary, database, dem, distribution, dynamics, granular, jin, jps, layer, oois, piv, powder, series, stress, time, transforms, wavelet},
	number = {18},
	pages = {21-47+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rognon et al. - 2008 - Dense flows of cohesive granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {596},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		avalanche,
		boundary,
		dem,
		distribution,
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		layer,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		stress,
		time,
		transformation,
		wave,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 989
@article{frye0000effect,

	author = {Frye, K. M. and Marone, C.},
	title = {The effect of particle dimensionality on granular friction in laboratory shear zones},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Force chain buckling, leading to unjamming and shear banding, is examined quantitatively via a discrete element analysis of a two-dimensional, densely-packed, cohesionless granular assembly subject to quasistatic, boundary-driven biaxial compression. A range of properties associated with the confined buckling of force chains has been established, including: degree of buckling, buckling modes, spatial and strain evolution distributions, and relative contributions to non-affine deformation, dilatation and decrease in macroscopic shear strength and potential energy. Consecutive cycles of unjamming鈥搄amming events, akin to slip鈥搒tick events arising in other granular systems, characterize the strain-softening regime and the shear band evolution. Peaks in the dissipation rate, kinetic energy and local non-affine strain are strongly correlated: the largest peaks coincide with each unjamming event that is evident in the concurrent drops in the macroscopic shear stress and potential energy. Unjamming nucleates from the buckling of a few force chains within a small region inside the band. A specific mode of force chain buckling, prevalent in and confined to the shear band, leads to above-average levels of local non-affine strain and release of potential energy during unjamming. Ongoing studies of this and other buckling modes from a structural stability standpoint serve as the basis for the formulation of internal variables and associated evolution laws, central to the development of thermomicromechanical constitutive theory for granular materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652215},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Frye, Marone - 2002 - The effect of particle dimensionality on granular friction in laboratory shear zones.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/14786430701594848},
	comment = {NO PDF, SHEAR TESTER},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {19},
	pages = {1916-1916+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Frye, Marone - 2002 - The effect of particle dimensionality on granular friction in laboratory shear zones.pdf},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 990
@article{hzzard0000micromechanical,

	author = {Hzzard, J. F. and Young, P. F. and Maxwell, S. C.},
	title = {Micromechanical modeling of cracking and failure in brittle rocks},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652214},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {B7},
	pages = {16683- 16697+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {105},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 991
@article{hunt0000modelling,

	author = {Hunt, S. P. and Meyers, A. G. and Louchnikov, V.},
	title = {Modelling the Kaiser effect and deformation rate analysis in sandstone using the discrete element method},
	journal = {Computers and Geotechnics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652213},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-49FGR0C-1/2/14c15e5f2cddbf6f72f59224e32829a4},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, deformation, discrete, effect, element, jin, kaiser, method, oois, rate, rock, stress},
	number = {7},
	pages = {611+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-49FGR0C-1/2/14c15e5f2cddbf6f72f59224e32829a4},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		deformation,
		discrete,
		jin,
		kaiser,
		oois,
		rate,
		rock,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 992
@book{hughes0000analysis,

	author = {Hughes, T. J. R.},
	title = {Analysis of transient algorithms with particular reference to stability behavior},
	publisher = {In Computational Methods for Transient Analysis, Vol. I.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652212},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 993
@article{kohring0000computer,

	author = {Kohring, A. and Melin, S. and Puhl, H. and Tillemans, J. and Verm, W.},
	title = {Computer simulations of critical, non-stationary granular flow through a hopper},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We use a discrete element method to simulate the dynamics of granulates made up from arbitrarily shaped particles. Static and dynamic friction are accounted for in our force laws, which enables us to simulate the relaxation of (two-dimensional) sand piles to their final static state. Depending on the growth history, a dip in the pressure under a heap may or may not appear. Properties of the relaxed state are measured and averaged numerically to obtain the values of field quantities pertinent for a continuum description. In particular, we show that it is possible to obtain not only stresses but also displacements in the heap, by judicious use of an adiabatic relaxation experiment, in which gravity is slowly changed. Hence the full set of variables of the theory of elasticity is available, allowing comparison with elastoplastic models for granular aggregates. A surprising finding is the behaviour of the material density in a heap with dip, which increases where the pressure is minimum.},
	booktitle = {Micro-Macro-interaction},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652211},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kohring et al. - 1995 - Computer simulations of critical, non-stationary granular flow through a hopper.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85715-0\_16},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/14/612/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/978-3-540-85715-0\_16},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-85715-0\_16},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, flow, granular, jin, jps, measurement, oois, piv, powder, self-diffusion, shear, stress},
	number = {3},
	pages = {273-281+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kohring et al. - 1995 - Computer simulations of critical, non-stationary granular flow through a hopper.pdf},
	volume = {124},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		selfdiffusion,
		shear,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 994
@article{mesarovic0000adhesive,

	author = {Mesarovic, S.},
	title = {Adhesive contact of elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A pressure cell for measuring boundary, stresses on a granular material is described which records simultaneously the normal and shear loads on its active face. The measuring element consists of a steel ring on which strain gauges have been fixed in certain points. A certain system of wiring of the strain gauges with the Wheatstone bridges allows the simultaneous and independent recording of the normal and shear loads. The pressure cell is simple to design and gives satisfactory results.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652210},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mesarovic - 2000 - Adhesive contact of elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P83N-CM/2/33263882c2dc386c90e8804a6b80904e},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-41N5FRK-Y/2/223d34bb8c28586287905e83c33a4b99},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, contact, corresponding, d, database, dem, e-mail, edu, elastic, elsevier, fax, front, jin, jps, ltd, material, matter, mechanics, mesarovic, oois, piv, plastic, powder, reserved, rights, s, science, see, sm9vw, virginia},
	number = {10},
	pages = {2009-2033+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mesarovic - 2000 - Adhesive contact of elastic\^{a}€ ” plastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {48},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		matter,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		piv,
		plastic,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 995
@article{meine0000influence,

	author = {Meine, K. and Klo\~{A}\"{Y}, K. and Schneider, T. and Spaltmann, D.},
	title = {The influence of surface roughness on the adhesion force},
	journal = {Surface and Interface Analysis},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Granular materials present a number of challenges to predictability. The classical description of a dense granular material is based on Coulomb friction. For a static array of grains, the Coulomb friction forces are typically underdetermined. If we are to make useful statements about such arrays, we must develop new approaches, including the development of statistical descriptions. Granular materials also show large fluctuations in the local forces. These fluctuations are quite sensitive to small perturbations in the packing geometry of the grains. In the past, they have typically been ignored. However, recent experiments and models are beginning to shed new light on their characteristics. This article briefly reviews some of this new work, and in particular presents experimental results characterizing fluctuations and the role of friction in granular materials.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652209},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Meine et al. - 2004 - The influence of surface roughness on the adhesion force.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVK-3XG1SXG-1/2/93102106ac60f913ad92d0f2eefa73f0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-3W83TW4-X/2/fd6321e917314aa6862318905914873a},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, chain, database, dem, fluctuations, friction, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, piv, powder, stress},
	number = {8},
	pages = {694-697+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Meine et al. - 2004 - The influence of surface roughness on the adhesion force.pdf},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		chain,
		dem,
		fluctuation,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 996
@article{mellmann0000prediction,

	author = {Mellmann, J. and Specht, E. and Liu, X.},
	title = {Prediction of rolling bed motion in rotating cylinders},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;A brief review is given for the development of methods of analyzing slabs on an elastic bed (from N. M. Gersevanov to the present) with the isolation of problems relative to bed models. A method of settlement calculation is described on the basis of layer-by-layer summation with consideration of the structural strength of the soil and the slab suitable for use in the analysis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652208},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mellmann, Specht, Liu - 2004 - Prediction of rolling bed motion in rotating cylinders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02885345},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4135Y7H-8/2/84b46ecdac6ed6e6ac4d64b03923569d},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/BF02885345},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02885345},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bed, cylinder, database, dem, jin, jps, motion, oois, particle, piv, powder, rolling, rotating, velocity},
	number = {11},
	pages = {2783-2793+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mellmann, Specht, Liu - 2004 - Prediction of rolling bed motion in rotating cylinders.pdf},
	volume = {50},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		cylinder,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		motion,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		rolling,
		rotation,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 997
@article{lu0000tensile,

	author = {Lu, N. and Wu, B. and Tan, C. P.},
	title = {Tensile Strength Characteristics of Unsaturated Sands},
	journal = {Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Strain localization is closely associated with the stress-strain behaviour of an interphase system subject to quasi-static direct interface shear, especially after peak stress state is reached. This behaviour is important because it is closely related to deformations experienced by geotechnical composite structures. This paper presents a study using two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations on the strain localization of an idealized interphase system composed of densely packed spherical particles in contact with rough manufactured surfaces. The manufactured surface is made up of regular or irregular triangular asperities with varying slopes. A new simple method of strain calculation is used in this study to generate strain field inside a simulated direct interface shear box. This method accounts for particle rotation and captures strain localization features at high resolution. Results show that strain localization begins with the onset of non-linear stress-strain behaviour. A distinct but discontinuous shear band emerges above the rough surface just before the peak stress state, which becomes more expansive and coherent with post-peak strain softening. It is found that the shear bands developed by surfaces with smaller roughness are much thinner than those developed by surfaces with greater roughness. The maximum thickness of the intense shear zone is observed to be about 8-10 median particle diameters. The shear band orientations, which are mainly dominated by the rough boundary surface, are parallel with the zero extension direction, which are horizontally oriented. Published in 2007 by John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 200 Patton Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652207},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lu, Wu, Tan - 2007 - Tensile Strength Characteristics of Unsaturated Sands.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.589},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?CHA/9/559/1},
	comment = {10.1002/nag.589},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.589},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, deformation, dem, flow, granular, internal, jin, jps, materials, non-newtonian, oois, particle, photoelasticity, piv, powder, reviews, rheology, shear, size, stresses},
	number = {2},
	pages = {144-144+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lu, Wu, Tan - 2007 - Tensile Strength Characteristics of Unsaturated Sands.pdf},
	volume = {133},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		internal,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		nonnewtonian,
		oois,
		particle,
		photoelasticity,
		piv,
		powder,
		rheology,
		shear,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 998
@proceedings{hori0000numerical,

	title = {On a new numerical analysis method for fracture problems},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hori, M. and Oguni, K.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652206},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
On a new numerical analysis method for fracture problems},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 999
@article{hopkins0000inelastic,

	author = {Hopkins, M. A. and Louge, M. Y.},
	title = {Inelastic microstructure in rapid granular flows of smooth disks.},
	journal = {Phys. Fluids A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652205},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47-57+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {3},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1000
@proceedings{hopkins0000threedimensional,

	title = {Three-dimensional simulation of river ice jams.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hopkins, M. A. and Daly, S. F. and Lever, J. H.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Specialty Conference on Cold Regions Engineering,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652204},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Three-dimensional simulation of river ice jams.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Fairbanks, AK, 12-17.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1001
@article{dong0000measurement,

	author = {Dong, H. and Moys, M. H.},
	title = {Measurement of impact behaviour between balls and walls in grinding mills},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element method (DEM) models to simulate laboratory element tests play an important role in advancing our understanding of the mechanics of granular material response, including bonded or cemented, particulate materials. Comparisons of the macro-scale response observed in a real physical test and a "virtual" DEM-simulated test can calibrate or validate DEM models. The detailed, particle scale information provided in the DEM simulation can then be used to develop our understanding of the material behaviour. It is important to accurately model the physical test boundary conditions in these DEM simulations. This paper specifically considers triaxial tests as these tests are commonly used in soil mechanics. In a triaxial test, the test specimen of granular material is enclosed within a flexible latex membrane that allows the material to deform freely during testing, while maintaining a specified stress condition. Triaxial tests can only be realistically simulated in 3D DEM codes, however analogue, 2D, biaxial DEM simulations are also often considered as it is easier to visualize particle interactions in two dimensions. This paper describes algorithms to simulate the lateral boundary conditions imposed by the latex membrane used in physical triaxial tests in both 2D and 3D DEM simulations. The importance of carefully considering the lateral boundary conditions in DEM simulations is illustrated by considering a 2D biaxial test on a specimen of frictional unbonded disks and a 3D triaxial test on a bonded (cemented) specimen of spheres. The comparisons indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a more significant influence on the local, particle-scale response in comparison with the overall macro-scale observations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652203},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2003 - Measurement of impact behaviour between balls and walls in grinding mills.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JJD-4TY3Y76-1/2/7c5813566bdec98a75798ececc50dbad},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-6/2/69f361c3b859e231d85b48786b9ba4a0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2008.07.018},
	old_keywords = {aarons, boundary, conditions, database, dem, discrete, element, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, simulations, testing, triaxial},
	number = {6},
	pages = {543-550+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Dong, Moys - 2003 - Measurement of impact behaviour between balls and walls in grinding mills.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		boundary,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		triaxial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1002
@article{richefeu0000model,

	author = {Richefeu, V. and Youssoufi, M. S. E. and Peyroux, R. and Radja\~{A}¯, F.},
	title = {A model of capillary cohesion for numerical simulations of 3D polydisperse granular media},
	journal = {Direct},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We measured the vertical pressure response function of a layer of sand submitted to a localized normal force at its surface. We found that this response profile depends on the way the layer has been prepared: all profiles show a single centered peak whose width scales with the thickness of the layer, but a dense packing gives a wider peak than a loose one. We calculate the prediction of isotropic elastic theory in the presence of a bottom boundary and compare it to the data. We found that the theory gives the right scaling and the correct qualitative shape, but fails to really fit the data.},
	address = {Technion-Israel Inst. of Technology, Physics Department, 32000 Haifa, Israel},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652202},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu et al. - 2008 - A model of capillary cohesion for numerical simulations of 3D polydisperse granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035490741\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-3TJ59B0-14/2/1e97bbe79f9a1e315a5390103b5100f5},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 25
Export Date: 10 April 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, approach, capillary, cohesion, compression, database, dem, discrete-element, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, shear, strength},
	number = {November 2007},
	pages = {1365-1383+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu et al. - 2008 - A model of capillary cohesion for numerical simulations of 3D polydisperse granular media.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		cohesion,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1003
@proceedings{honda0000flow,

	title = {Flow deformation of a river dike due to seismic liquefaction},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Honda, T. and Towhata, I.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652201},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Flow deformation of a river dike due to seismic liquefaction},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1004
@article{ng0000triaxial,

	author = {Ng, T. T.},
	title = {Triaxial test simulations with discrete element method and hydrostatic boundaries},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {For continuum mechanics based silo design, the measuring and modelling methods for the shear flow behaviour of cohesive, frictional powders play a central role. Studies of the particle mechanics can provide a better physical "microscopic" understanding of the essential constitutive functions of a powder "continuum". The discrete element method (DEM) is a tool that allows considering the details of the contact and adhesion forces for each particle contact. During bi-axial shear, the DEM results show an elastic regime, yielding, and steady-state flow of a two-dimensional model powder.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652200},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 2004 - Triaxial test simulations with discrete element method and hydrostatic boundaries.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4G7DYBF-5/1/d369e741a772374b7f898bcc117d0d53},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4GM46JN-1/2/48e9c6902b8cf73bfdd17fb6878c84d5},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, biaxial, cohesion, database, dem, frictional, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, powders, shear, simulation, stress, yield},
	number = {October},
	pages = {1188-1188+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ng - 2004 - Triaxial test simulations with discrete element method and hydrostatic boundaries.pdf},
	volume = {130},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		shear,
		stress,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1005
@proceedings{holt0000influence,

	title = {Influence of stress history on in situ and core compaction},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Holt, R. M. and Kenter, C. J. and Verboom, B. and Doornhof, D.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652199},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Influence of stress history on in situ and core compaction},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1006
@article{herminghaus0000dynamics,

	author = {Herminghaus, S.},
	title = {Dynamics of wet granular matter},
	journal = {Advances in Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Interparticle contact friction, packing density and polydispersity are known to be major contributors to the macroscopic strength of particulate assemblies, that is, their bulk resistance to deformation. For example, when a solid object penetrates a particulate material, the penetration resistance (i.e. the force opposing the object) increases concomitantly with an increase in the degree of polydispersity, packing density and interparticle friction. To establish the underlying mechanisms by which these properties govern the macroscopic response, we characterize quantitatively force propagation at length scales beyond that of the interparticle contact region. Using data derived from discrete element simulations of a two-dimensional granular assembly subject to indentation by a rigid flat punch, we examine the properties of force chains and the force chain network as they evolve during the course of the deformation. Findings indicate that increasing interparticle friction, packing density and degree of polydispersity promotes the formation of straighter chains and a greater degree of branching in the force chain network. Although the force chain length appears to be independent of friction and polydispersity, on average, denser systems tend to favour shorter chains. Thus, straighter and shorter force chains, combined with a greater degree of branching in the force chain network, result in a macroscopically stronger granular material. ?IOP Publishing Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne 3010, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652198},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Herminghaus - 2005 - Dynamics of wet granular matter.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33749546264\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: P09003},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, matter, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {221-261+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Herminghaus - 2005 - Dynamics of wet granular matter.pdf},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		matter,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1007
@article{bhushan0000adhesion,

	author = {Bhushan, B.},
	title = {Adhesion and stiction: Mechanisms, measurement techniques, and methods for reduction},
	journal = {Journal of Vacuum Science \& Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A study has been made of the deformation field in plane-strain indentation of metals with a flat punch. Deformation field parameters such as velocity and strain rate have been measured using the technique of particle image velocimetry. For this purpose, images of the indentation region were recorded in situ during the deformation process, and motion of 'asperities' specially introduced onto a side of the sample being indented was analysed. The velocity and strain rate fields in and around the indentation zone were obtained from an analysis of the asperity motions. The measurements have shown, among other things, the presence of a dead metal zone underneath the indenter, the formation and evolution of regions of intense strain rates or shear bands and a linear variation of the strain rate with indentation speed. Many of the characteristics of the deformation field, e.g. slip lines and dead metal zone, compare favourably with those inferred from classical solutions for this indentation problem. Extensions of the technique for the study of strain field around indentations and deformation in plane-strain indentation by wedges and cylinders are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652197},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bhushan - 2003 - Adhesion and stiction Mechanisms, measurement techniques, and methods for reduction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/125/94/1},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {6},
	pages = {2262-2262+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Bhushan - 2003 - Adhesion and stiction Mechanisms, measurement techniques, and methods for reduction.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1008
@article{hocking0000behavior,

	author = {Hocking, L. M.},
	title = {The behavior of clusters of spheres falling in a viscous fluid. Part2 Slow motion theory.},
	journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652196},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {129-139.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1009
@proceedings{hocking0000validation_1,

	title = {Validation of the CICE discrete element code for ice ride-up and ice ridgetcone interaction.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hocking, G. and Williams, J. R. and Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	booktitle = {ARCTIC '85, ASCE,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652195},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Validation of the CICE discrete element code for ice ride-up and ice ridgetcone interaction.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {San Francisco.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1010
@misc{hocking0000cice_1,


	author = {Hocking, G. and Williams, J. R. and Mustoe, G. G. W.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652194},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
CICE Model Validation Project.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	series = {AOGA Project. No. 231.},
	title = {CICE Model Validation Project.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1011
@book{hocking0000dynamic,

	author = {Hocking, G. and Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {Dynamic analysis for generalized three dimensional contact and fracturing of multiple bodies},
	publisher = {INTERA Technologies, Inc.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652193},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1012
@proceedings{hocking0000three,

	title = {Two and three dimensional contact and fracturing of multiple bodies.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hocking, G. and Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R.},
	booktitle = {NUMETA '87 Numerical Methods in Engineering, Theory and Application,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652192},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Two and three dimensional contact and fracturing of multiple bodies.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1013
@proceedings{hocking0000validation_2,

	title = {Validation of the CICE discrete element code for ice ride-up and ice ridge cone interaction.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hocking, G. and Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R.},
	booktitle = {ASCE Speciality Conference, ARCTIC '85,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652191},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Validation of the CICE discrete element code for ice ride-up and ice ridge cone interaction.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {San Francisco.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1014
@book{hocking0000cice_2,

	author = {Hocking, G. and Mustoe, G. G. W. and Williams, J. R.},
	title = {CICE discrete element analysis code-theoretical manual.},
	publisher = {Applied Mechanics Inc., Lakewood, CO.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652190},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1015
@proceedings{hocking0000collision,

	title = {Collision impact of a ship with multi-year sea ice.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hocking, G.},
	booktitle = {2nd Int. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652189},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Collision impact of a ship with multi-year sea ice.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {MIT, Cambridge, MA.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1016
@article{hocking0000discrete_1,

	author = {Hocking, G.},
	title = {The discrete element method for analysis of fragmentation of discontinua.},
	journal = {Eng. Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652188},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {145- 155.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1017
@proceedings{hocking0000discrete_2,

	title = {The discrete element method for analysis of fragmentation and discontinua.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hocking, G.},
	booktitle = {Proc.1st Conf: DEM},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652187},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The discrete element method for analysis of fragmentation and discontinua.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1018
@phdthesis{hocking0000development,

	author = {Hocking, G.},
	title = {Development and Application of the Boundary Integral and Rigid Block Methods for Geotechnics},
	school = {Imperial College.,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652186},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Development and Application of the Boundary Integral and Rigid Block Methods for Geotechnics},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1019
@proceedings{hobbs0000initio,

	title = {Ab initio emergent phenomena in PFC},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Hobbs, B. E. and Ord, A. and Regenauer-Lieb, K. and Boschetti, F. and Zhang, Y. and Durrlemann, S.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652185},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Ab initio emergent phenomena in PFC},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:20},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1020
@article{polycarpou0000improved,

	author = {Polycarpou, A. A. and Xue, X.},
	title = {An improved meniscus surface model for contacting rough surfaces},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Based on the Extended-Maugis-Dugdale (EMD) elastic theory, a single asperity capillary meniscus model considering asperity deformation due to both contact and adhesive forces was developed. Specifically included in the single asperity meniscus model was the solid surface interaction inside the contact area. Subsequently, the single asperity model was coupled with a statistical roughness surface model to develop an improved meniscus surface model applicable to a wide-range of humidity levels and adhesion parameter values. Simulations were performed using typical surfaces found in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and magnetic storage hard disk drives to examine the effects of surface roughness and relative humidity. It was found that smoother surfaces give rise to higher adhesive and pull-off forces, and at higher relative humidity levels, the capillary force governs the adhesive behavior. As the humidity decreases, the solid surface interaction increases and needs to be included in the total meniscus adhesion. By integrating the adhesive force-displacement curves, the adhesion energy per unit area was calculated for MEMS surfaces and favorably compared with reported experimental data.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652184},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Polycarpou, Xue - 2007 - An improved meniscus surface model for contacting rough surfaces..pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0025-2},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s11709-010-0025-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s11709-010-0025-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, capillary, database, dem, dugdale, energy, force, jin, jps, maugis, meniscus, model, oois, piv, powder, roughness},
	number = {1},
	pages = {203-11+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Polycarpou, Xue - 2007 - An improved meniscus surface model for contacting rough surfaces..pdf},
	volume = {311},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		capillary,
		dem,
		dugdale,
		energy,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		maugis,
		meniscus,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		roughness,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1021
@article{herten0000determination,

	author = {Herten, M. and Pulsfort, M.},
	title = {Determination of spatial earth pressure on circular shaft constructions},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652183},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s100350050028},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s100350050028},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1022
@article{standish0000studies,

	author = {Standish, N.},
	title = {Studies of size segregation in filling and emptying a hopper},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652182},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Standish - 1985 - Studies of size segregation in filling and emptying a hopper.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s001610050089},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {43-56+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Standish - 1985 - Studies of size segregation in filling and emptying a hopper.pdf},
	volume = {45},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1023
@article{hemmingsson0000sandpile,

	author = {Hemmingsson, J.},
	title = {A sandpile model with dip},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652181},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3VSGC2R-R/2/f1527a0c10e3e45b1e60d80a7446605b},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {329+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3VSGC2R-R/2/f1527a0c10e3e45b1e60d80a7446605b},
	volume = {230},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1024
@book{hemann0000patterns,

	author = {Hemann, H. J.},
	title = {Patterns and scaling in fracture.},
	publisher = {In Fracture Processes in Concrete, Rock and Ceramics, Chapman \& Hall, New York.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652180},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1025
@article{hazzard0000dynamic,

	author = {Hazzard, J. F. and Young, R. P.},
	title = {Dynamic modelling of induced seismicity},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652179},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4DN17J9-1/2/4572aca1b7563f53095fdf8de7ec56f1},
	old_keywords = {acoustic, database, emission, jin, micromechanical, microseismicity, modelling, oois},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1365+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-4DN17J9-1/2/4572aca1b7563f53095fdf8de7ec56f1},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		acoustic,
		emission,
		jin,
		micromechanics,
		microseismicity,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1026
@article{hashash0000viscous,

	author = {Hashash, Y. M. A.},
	title = {Viscous damping formulation and high frequency motion propagation in non-linear site response analysis},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652178},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4Y-46P9PC8-B/2/702c4b10d91eba798e80685bbd556e8c},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {7},
	pages = {611+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4Y-46P9PC8-B/2/702c4b10d91eba798e80685bbd556e8c},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1027
@misc{hartl0000experimental,


	author = {H\"{a}rtl, J. and Wojcik, M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M. and Ding, S. and Enstad, G.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652177},
	comment = {Experimental Investigations of Stresses and Flow in a Full Scale Silo of axial Symmetry - with and without cone in cone Insert},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Porsgrunn, Norway},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Tel-Tek},
	title = {Experimental Investigations of Stresses and Flow in a Full Scale Silo of axial Symmetry - with and without cone in cone Insert},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
	},

}

ref_id = 1028
@article{harder0000development,

	author = {Harder, J. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {The Development of a True Biaxial Shear Tester},
	journal = {Particle and Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {To investigate the influence of the stress history on the yield limit a shear tester was developed, in which stresses or strains in x- and y-direction can be applied independently of each other. Since there are no shear stresses on the boundary surfaces of the sample these stresses are principal stresses and the Mohr stress circles are known for each state of stress. First results from shear tests with limestone show a significant influence of the different ways of consolidation on the yield limit, i. e. the flow properties of a bulk solid will depend on the stress history. The flow function, however, which is essential for silo design, proves to be invariable of the stress history.},
	address = {Institut f\"{u}r Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universit\"{a}t Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 4-5, D-3300 Braunschweig (Federal Republic of Germany)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652176},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19850020127},
	comment = {NO PDF, SHEAR},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.19850020127},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {149-153+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19850020127},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1029
@proceedings{haraki0000development,

	title = {Development of compressive failure analysis of concrete specimen by 3-dimensional distinct element method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Haraki, D. and Shiraishi, H. and Kafsuki, S.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652175},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Development of compressive failure analysis of concrete specimen by 3-dimensional distinct element method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1030
@article{enstad0000uniaxial,

	author = {Enstad, G. G. and Ose, S.},
	title = {Uniaxial Testing and the Performance of a Pallet Press},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {An inclined chute facility and its associated diagnostics has been developed and utilized to study the flow of granular materials. A variety of flow regimes and flow phenomena were observed. Fully developed flows were observed over a bumpy base for a range of slopes. Under some conditions, these flows were dominated by friction and under other conditions, collisions played a dominant role. A variety of unsteady flows were also observed. These include decelerating flows, accelerating flows, and wavy (periodic) flows. The characteristics of the base strongly influenced the flow regime and flow dynamics. Discrete particle simulation model parameters were determined from individual particle tests and particle impact experiments. Simulations of nominally steady flows at two fixed angles showed relatively good agreement with experimental values for particle velocities near the side-walls and on the top surface. The mass flow rate and the flow depth were also consistent with the experiments; however, both experiments and simulations exhibited significant fluctuations about the nominal mean values. The simulations were utilized to interpret flow parameters interior to the flow (i.e., in regions that cannot easily be measured non-intrusively). Far from the side-walls, the granular temperature was found to have a maximum near the bumpy base and to decrease toward the top surface  consistent with granular kinetic theory predictions for flows on bumpy inclines, without side-walls. Near the side-walls the behavior was substantially different with granular temperature decreasing from the top to a minimum at the lower ﾑcorners' of the chute. This behavior is consistent with experimental measurements of fluctuation velocities near the side-walls. The simulations confirm that the previous discrepancy in the variation of the granular temperature with depth between kinetic theory and near-side-wall measurements was a result of the side-walls, which cause strong three-dimensional structure in the flow.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652174},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad, Ose - 2003 - Uniaxial Testing and the Performance of a Pallet Press.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v58/p2079},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-F/2/c317ac43f048903d94bd561eed90fe46},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2079},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {171-176+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Enstad, Ose - 2003 - Uniaxial Testing and the Performance of a Pallet Press.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1031
@article{hakuno0000trial,

	author = {Hakuno, M. and Hirao, T.},
	title = {A trial related to random packing of particle assemblies.},
	journal = {Proc. JSCE., (in Japanese).},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652173},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {55-63+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {219},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1032
@article{nowak0000maximum,

	author = {Nowak, S. and Kudrolli, A. and Samadani, A.},
	title = {Maximum angle of stability of a wet granular pile},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652172},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nowak, Kudrolli, Samadani - 2005 - Maximum angle of stability of a wet granular pile.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Wall friction project TP-3
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 7
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {50-52+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nowak, Kudrolli, Samadani - 2005 - Maximum angle of stability of a wet granular pile.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1033
@article{nouchi0000experimental,

	author = {Nouchi, T.},
	title = {Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of buoyancy force on solid flow},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652171},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nouchi - 2003 - Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of buoyancy force on solid flow.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/118/397/1},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Wall friction measurements on bulk solids},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, blast, database, dem, discrete, element, flow, furnace, granular, jin, jps, materials, method, numerical, oois, particles, piv, powder, stagnant, zone},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {98-107+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nouchi - 2003 - Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of buoyancy force on solid flow.pdf},
	volume = {134},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		flow,
		furnace,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		stagnation,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1034
@article{johanson0000modeling,

	author = {Johanson, J. R.},
	title = {Modeling flow of bulk solids},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We study the segregation of granular mixtures in two-dimensional silos using a recently proposed set of coupled equations for surface flows of grains. We study the thick flow regime, where the grains are segregated in the rolling phase. We incorporate this dynamical segregation process, called kinematic sieving, free-surface segregation or percolation, into the theoretical formalism and calculate the profiles of the rolling species and the concentration of grains in the bulk in the steady state. Our solution shows the segregation of the mixture with the large grains being found at the bottom of the pile in qualitative agreement with experiments.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652170},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson - 1972 - Modeling flow of bulk solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050613},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-44778NC-12/2/bafa6f18d4d2205f00daf195c2110ccd},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TEST
 | 
10.1007/s100510050613},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050613},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {93-99+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson - 1972 - Modeling flow of bulk solids.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1035
@article{h0000deformation,

	author = {{H., S.} and Hemnann, W. and Rumpf, H.},
	title = {Deformation behavior of agglomerates under tensile stress},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652169},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {121+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1036
@article{hoomans0000discrete_1,

	author = {Hoomans, B.},
	title = {Discrete particle simulation of bubble and slug formation in a two-dimensional gas-fluidised bed: A hard-sphere approach},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The transmission of force within granular materials is sensitive to local particle arrangements, and because of this strong dependence, contact forces will usually be distributed in a complex, non-uniform manner. Load is transmitted by relatively rigid, heavily stressed chains of particles which form a sparse network of "strong" contacts carrying greater than average normal contact forces. The remaining groups of particles, which separate the strong force chains, are only lightly loaded. Based on computer simulations, we show that this complexity in three-dimensional granular materials can be greatly resolved by considering a single, gross measure of the anisotropic fabric distribution of strong contacts.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652168},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hoomans - 1996 - Discrete particle simulation of bubble and slug formation in a two-dimensional gas-fluidised bed A hard-sphere approach.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4CS4HW1-3/2/aef50e5b64a4ca15f0c393ac7a4a9f80},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.067},
	old_keywords = {aarons, contact, database, dem, granular, heterogeneous, jin, jps, materials, media, oois, piv, powder, stress},
	number = {1},
	pages = {99-118+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hoomans - 1996 - Discrete particle simulation of bubble and slug formation in a two-dimensional gas-fluidised bed A hard-sphere approach.pdf},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		granular,
		heterogeneity,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		medium,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1037
@article{maw0000oblique_2,

	author = {Maw, N. and Barber, J. R. and Fawcett, J. N.},
	title = {The oblique impact of elastic spheres},
	journal = {Wear},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A two-fold approach to the problem of the behaviour of granular materials in cylindrical silos is attempted in this paper: on the one hand, the behaviour of granular materials is considered in the light of a new constitutive law. This law consists of one single tensorial equation describing the stress rate as a function of the actual stress and of the strain rate of the material. Although this equation describes the inelastic (i.e. plastic or irreversible) deformation behaviour of particulate materials, it departs completely from the framework of elastoplastic theories. Its main advantages are not only simplicity and easy calibration (i.e. parameter identification) but also realistic predictions, which have been checked against the outcomes of element tests (i.e. tests with homogeneous deformations) with sand. On the other hand, model tests have been carried out with small cylindrical silos filled with sand. Special care was given to the fulfilment of the appropriate similarity rules. The vertical and horizontal forces acting on the wall have been measured in the course of several filling histories. The results obtained have been compared with existing theories, from which they deviate markedly. Some of the results have been back-calculated using the proposed constitutive equation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652167},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maw, Barber, Fawcett - 1976 - The oblique impact of elastic spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v78/p641},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-440WK14-64/2/8e29c3791be80dce5445d0b94802d0d9},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, flow, formation, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, pattern, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {101114-101114+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maw, Barber, Fawcett - 1976 - The oblique impact of elastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		formation,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		pattern,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1038
@article{chen0000flow_2,

	author = {Chen, J. F. and Rotter, J. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Zhong, Z.},
	title = {Flow pattern measurement in a full scale silo containing iron ore},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {One of the main causes for failure in grain silos is due to the excessive pressures exerted on the silo wall during discharge. Within traditional theories, several attempts have been made to obtain mathematical expressions reflecting the overpressures produced due to eccentric discharge. These start from the calculation of pressures in a concentric static condition, making the corrections needed due to outlet eccentricity and then applying majoration coefficients in the discharging condition. A new research possibility appears now with the application of the finite element method to present-day engineering. This method is used worldwide by many teams for silo design. In this work, an elasto-plastic constitutive law is applied to cylindrical silos with eccentric hoppers and rigid walls, using the Drucker-Prager criterion. In this model, the distribution of plastic areas according to eccentricity is analysed. The study of the influence on static pressures of the internal friction angle combined with the variation of the hopper eccentricity is also carried out. The results obtained are compared to elastic behaviour. For the development of this work, the commercial programme ANSYS 5.5 has been used, and it has been necessary to develop the analysis in three dimensions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652166},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2005 - Flow pattern measurement in a full scale silo containing iron ore.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037362220\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=e05a0465d8ca7822d489871905ec785a},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WXV-489YVSR-6/2/e63faa26e047e3b9520fc72388dc8997},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 10
Export Date: 14 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3029-3041+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chen et al. - 2005 - Flow pattern measurement in a full scale silo containing iron ore.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1039
@article{grostuck0000application,

	author = {Grostuck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Application of model tests on cohesive bulk solids using silo centrifuge technique},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Model tests under reduced scale can only be used for silo design with free flowing bulk solids. Model tests with cohesive bulk solids are not possible under gravity forces due to the dependency of the bulk solids strength on the consolidation stresses. To perform experiments with silos under reduced scale and using cohesive bulk solids centrifugal forces must be applied. In this paper, experiments under reduced scale using a silo centrifuge are shown. The scale-up from model size to full size scale is possible by calculating the ratio of centrifugal acceleration to gravitational acceleration. An overview of centrifuge studies according silo design is given. The results from experiments with cohesive and fine bulk solids regarding the stress state and the critical outlet dimension are presented in this paper. The critical outlet dimension from silo centrifuge testing is compared with calculated results investigated by the Jenike-method. Keywords: Silo centrifuge technique; Jenike-method; Model tests; Silo model tests; Silo design; Silo scale-up},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652165},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4GNCGH5-1/2/fd59f962ae34cd2467300484ad591113},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {centrifuge, database, design, jenike-method, jin, model, oois, scale-up, silo, technique, tests},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {149+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4GNCGH5-1/2/fd59f962ae34cd2467300484ad591113},
	volume = {157},

	keywords = {
		centrifuge,
		jenike,
		jin,
		model,
		oois,
		scale,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1040
@article{grossstuck0000investigations_1,

	author = {Gro{\ss}st\"{u}ck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Investigations about Bulk Solids with Silo Centrifuge Testing},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {No abstract.},
	address = {Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 4/5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652164},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200403220},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.200403220},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {7},
	pages = {741-742+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200403220},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1041
@article{grossstuck0000improvements_2,

	author = {Gro{\ss}st\"{u}ck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Improvements in Silo Design for Moist and Cohesive Bulk Solids by Using a Silo Centrifuge},
	journal = {Particle \& Particle Systems Characterization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The Jenike-method is state of the art in silo design for trouble-free flow, even for cohesive bulk solids. However, for some bulk solids, especially very cohesive and moist bulk solids, even the correct application of the Jenike-method can lead to an over-design of the silo outlet. If a reliable estimation of the critical outlet dimension is possible the dimension as well as the machinery costs can be reduced. Model testing can help to reduce the over-design but reasonable test equipment and flexibility are only possible with silo centrifuge testing. Results, regarding the state of stress and the critical outlet dimensions, from experiments using a silo centrifuge with cohesive and moist bulk solids are presented. The influence of creeping effects on silo design is investigated using the silo centrifuge with moist gypsum.},
	address = {Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Stra{\ss}e 4-5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652163},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200400940},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.200400940},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {326-331+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200400940},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1042
@article{fang0000dynamic,

	author = {Fang, Y. and Tan, X.},
	title = {A Dynamic JKR Model with Application to Vibrational Release in Micromanipulation},
	journal = {2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Using a Cohesive Discrete Element Method (CDEM), three-dimensional simulations have been performed to investigate the internal tensile stress and the tensile strength and shear strength of fine, cohesive granular materials. Interparticle cohesion is taken into account by modelling liquid bridges in pendular state. The influence of surface roughness is considered by a minimum separation distance of the particles with respect to liquid bridges. Agglomerates of mono-sized spheres have been formed to measure the stress caused by liquid bridges. A good general agreement with Rumpf's equation is demonstrable, and divergences may be explained by the existence of stretched bridges. Spheres and more complex particle shapes have been used for shear and tensile test simulations. Applying negative loads, the yield loci in the tensile range could be measured successfully. A comparison with experimental ring shear tests on glass beads demonstrates a good agreement.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652162},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fang, Tan - 2006 - A Dynamic JKR Model with Application to Vibrational Release in Micromanipulation.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9D-47DM6KV-1/2/c32495b88fd48193cfc83529326307bb},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-48WB7BP-2/2/188e5f176a118cfa693c8a70783ed697},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00163-3
 | 
1-4244-0258-1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, database, dem, experiments, extension, jin, jps, oois, patterns, piv, powder, sandbox, shear, technique, x-ray},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1341-1346+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fang, Tan - 2006 - A Dynamic JKR Model with Application to Vibrational Release in Micromanipulation.pdf},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		pattern,
		piv,
		powder,
		sand,
		shear,
		xray,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1043
@article{sperl0000experiments,

	author = {Sperl, M.},
	title = {Experiments on corn pressure in silo cells \^{a}€ ”  translation and comment of Janssen's paper from 1895},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652161},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sperl - 2005 - Experiments on corn pressure in silo cells \^{a}€ ”  translation and comment of Janssen's paper from 1895.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, effect, janssen, jin, jps, model, oois, powder, pressure, silo},
	number = {2},
	pages = {59-65+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sperl - 2005 - Experiments on corn pressure in silo cells \^{a}€ ”  translation and comment of Janssen's paper from 1895.pdf},
	volume = {8},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		janssen,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		powder,
		pressure,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1044
@book{gregory0000explosives,

	author = {Gregory, C. E.},
	title = {Explosives for North American Engineers.},
	publisher = {Trans Tech Publications, Cleveland, OH.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652160},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1045
@article{grassberger0000some,

	author = {Grassberger, P. and Manna, S. S.},
	title = {Some more sandpiles},
	journal = {Journal de physique Paris},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652159},
	comment = {Cited By: 49, Export Date: 10 November 05, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1077+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:19},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1046
@article{kharaz0000experimental,

	author = {Kharaz, A. H. and Gorham, D. A. and Salman, A. D.},
	title = {An experimental study of the elastic rebound of spheres},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experiments were carried out to account for the contact angle in force distribution of two-dimensional (2D) heaps prepared by pouring particles from a fixed height point like source, a slowly moving point source, and an extended source. It was shown that different methods of heap preparation lead to dramatically different distributions of contact angles, hence, the texture, for physical granular systems.},
	address = {Department of Physics, Ctr. for Nonlinear and Complex Syst., Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0305, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652158},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham, Salman - 2001 - An experimental study of the elastic rebound of spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035682383\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4DBSXCD-1/2/6ec8a5c266cceed95640750794d6dd30},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 18
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {281-291+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kharaz, Gorham, Salman - 2001 - An experimental study of the elastic rebound of spheres.pdf},
	volume = {120},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1047
@article{ebenstein0000comparison,

	author = {Ebenstein, D. M. and Wahl, K. J.},
	title = {A comparison of JKR-based methods to analyze quasi-static and dynamic indentation force curves},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory of elastic contact, extended to take viscoelastic effects into account, is used to evaluate work of adhesion and modulus of elastomeric films. In this paper, we present a comparison of five approaches to analyze quasi-static and dynamic JKR force curve data obtained using instrumented indentation. The load-displacement experiments were performed using a 200-microm radius borosilicate glass sphere against poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). By applying a small oscillation to the tip during indentation, dynamic stiffness vs load data were also obtained for frequencies between 25 and 160 Hz. Direct curve fitting as well as simplified 2- and 3-point analysis methods were used to compare modulus values obtained from load-displacement and stiffness-load data. Fit methods not requiring determination of the initial point of tip-sample contact ("zero" displacement) provided modulus values closest to those obtained by direct curve fitting. The dynamic stiffness-load data revealed a frequency dependent modulus; load-displacement measurements obtained simultaneously were consistent with the relaxed, or low-frequency, modulus of the PDMS sample. These experiments demonstrate that both the frequency dependent and relaxed modulus can be obtained from a single experiment.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652157},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ebenstein, Wahl - 2006 - A comparison of JKR-based methods to analyze quasi-static and dynamic indentation force curves.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206543},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-411W3YK-3/2/b35999d69634bc1b56fb3c7b27aa59d2},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/BF00206543},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00206543},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, afm, curve, database, dem, dynamic, films, force, jin, jkr, jps, modulus, nanoindentation, oois, pdms, piv, polymer, powder, relaxed, viscoelastic},
	number = {2},
	pages = {652-62+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ebenstein, Wahl - 2006 - A comparison of JKR-based methods to analyze quasi-static and dynamic indentation force curves.pdf},
	volume = {298},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		afm,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		films,
		force,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		modulus,
		nanoindentation,
		oois,
		pdms,
		piv,
		polymer,
		powder,
		relaxed,
		viscoelasticity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1048
@article{goodman0000model,

	author = {Goodman, R. E. and Taylor, R. and Brekke, T. L.},
	title = {A model for the mechanics of jointed rock.},
	journal = {J. Soil. Mech. Found. Div. ASCE,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652156},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {637-660+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {94},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1049
@book{goodman0000block,

	author = {Goodman, R. E. and Shi, G. H.},
	title = {Block Theory and its Application to Rock Engineering.},
	publisher = {Prentice-Hall, New Jersey},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652155},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1050
@article{greenwood0000theory,

	author = {Greenwood, J. A.},
	title = {On the DMT theory},
	journal = {Tribology Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652154},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 2007 - On the DMT theory.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v89/e084302},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, database, dem, dmt, dynamic, elasticity, granular, jin, jkr, jps, materials, micromechanics, nanostructured, oois, parameter, piv, powder, response, tabor},
	number = {3},
	pages = {203-211+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Greenwood - 2007 - On the DMT theory.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		dem,
		dmt,
		dynamics,
		elasticity,
		granular,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		nanostructure,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		response,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1051
@article{goda0000threedimensional_1,

	author = {Goda, T. J. and Ebert, F.},
	title = {Three-dimensional discrete element simulations in hoppers and silos},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652153},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4G82Y48-2/2/1d07833a52db5ab051bf752cdde49c90},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {58+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4G82Y48-2/2/1d07833a52db5ab051bf752cdde49c90},
	volume = {158},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1052
@article{sridhar0000adhesion,

	author = {Sridhar, I. and Sivashanker, S.},
	title = {On the adhesion mechanics of multi-layer elastic systems},
	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Local-probe instruments such as surface force apparatus or atomic force microscope are routinely used to extract the mechanical properties of thin-layers by subjecting them to indentation loading. Inadvertently, at these micro- or nano-indentation loads, the adhesive surface forces operating between the indenter and the thin-layer will contribute to the deformation. The well-established Johnson\^{a}€ ” Kendal\^{a}€ ” Roberts (JKR) theory is applied to extract the surface energy of the contacting solids. For this thin-layer system, the JKR theory should be an error as it is based on the indentation of an elastic half-space with an elastic sphere. A continuum mechanics approach coupled with non-dimensional analysis and finite elements simulation is presented to explain the indentation process of multi-layer elastic systems under the presence of adhesion. The emphasis is on spherical and flat punch probes. Computations of contact size and contact stiffness as a function of load are presented for a range of values of adhesion energies.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652152},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sridhar, Sivashanker - 2003 - On the adhesion mechanics of multi-layer elastic systems.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JTQ/127/223/1},
	comment = {PDF, ROUGH STEEL BALLS},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, adsorption, apparatus, atomic, database, dem, elastic, element, films, finite, force, friction, indentation, jin, jps, lubrication, method, microscope, oois, polymer, powder, properties, rolling, rough, sliding, surface, surfaces, viscosity},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {181-187+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sridhar, Sivashanker - 2003 - On the adhesion mechanics of multi-layer elastic systems.pdf},
	volume = {167},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		adsorption,
		atomic,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		films,
		force,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		lubrication,
		microscopy,
		oois,
		polymer,
		powder,
		rolling,
		roughness,
		sliding,
		surface,
		surface,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1053
@article{ketterhagen0000granular_1,

	author = {Ketterhagen, W. R. and Curtis, J. and Wassgren, C. R. and Kong and Narayan, P. and Hancock, B.},
	title = {Granular segregation in discharging cylindrical hoppers: A discrete element and experimental study},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This article gives an overview of experimental and theoretical investigations into the occurrence and incendivity of cone discharges together with relevant model calculations. Three case studies from industrial practice illustrate the lessons to be learned.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652151},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ketterhagen et al. - 2007 - Granular segregation in discharging cylindrical hoppers A discrete element and experimental study.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4DW8TS3-6/2/6d97ac3355c74ced24c7f8c67d57a428},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGH-4292H10-7/2/f8c32b76a08171fd31dcd0d5560eff30},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.09.066},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, element, flow, granular, hopper, jin, jps, materials, oois, particle, particulate, piv, powder, processes, segregation, silos, simulation},
	number = {22},
	pages = {6423-6439+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ketterhagen et al. - 2007 - Granular segregation in discharging cylindrical hoppers A discrete element and experimental study.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		flow,
		granular,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		particle,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		segregation,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1054
@article{ghaboussi0000threedimensional,

	author = {Ghaboussi, J. and Barbosa, R.},
	title = {Three-dimensional discrete element method for granular materials.},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652150},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {451-472.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1055
@proceedings{ghaboussi0000some,

	title = {Some theoretical and computational aspects of large scale discrete element. Rock mechanics.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ghaboussi, J.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652149},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Some theoretical and computational aspects of large scale discrete element. Rock mechanics.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {In Proceedings of the 33rd U.S. symposium, Tillerson, J.R. and Wawersik, W.R. (Eds.), Balkema,  33, 619-628.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1056
@article{geng0000memory_1,

	author = {Geng, J. and Longhi, E. and Behringer, R. P. and Howell, D. W.},
	title = {Memory in two-dimensional heap experiments},
	journal = {Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652148},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/i6/e060301},
	comment = {Cited By: 6, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {6 Pt 1},
	pages = {060301+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/i6/e060301},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1057
@article{geng0000footprints_1,

	author = {Geng, J. and Howell, D. and Longhi, E. and Behringer, R. P. and Reydellet, G. and Vanel, L. and Cl閙ent, E. and Luding, S.},
	title = {Footprints in sand: The response of a granular material to local perturbations},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652147},
	comment = {Cited By: 33, Export Date: 10 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {355061+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {87},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1058
@article{li0000londonvan,

	author = {Li, Q. and Rudolph, V. and Peukert, W.},
	title = {London-van der Waals adhesiveness of rough particles},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A theory is developed, equally applicable to cohesive and non-cohesive materials, which gives the shape of the boundary of the flow region in the transition from a bin section with vertical parallel walls to a hopper with converging plane walls. The theory was tested for an angular non-cohesive granular material with an angle of internal friction of 35·5°. Good agreement between experiment and theory was obtained but small consistent differences were noted. An experimental method was also devised to define the boundary of the region of fast moving material.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652146},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Rudolph, Peukert - 2006 - London-van der Waals adhesiveness of rough particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-4VD9WTB-8/2/4bfa4af947bfc0d732b164ee7a506812},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4435XCF-6C/2/550e722546898f9a043d0e3fcd38497b},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.017},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, area, contact, database, dem, der, dip, discrete, effective, element, fine, force, granular, jin, jps, method, oois, particles, pile, piv, powder, pressure, sandpile, specific, van, waals},
	number = {3},
	pages = {248-255+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Rudolph, Peukert - 2006 - London-van der Waals adhesiveness of rough particles.pdf},
	volume = {161},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		dip,
		discrete,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		sand,pile,
		vanderwaals,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1059
@article{thornton0000quasistatic_3,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Antony, S. J.},
	title = {Quasi-static shear deformation of a soft particle system},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Mass flow is one of the best ways of counteracting segregation in silos. However, to obtain mass flow in traditional hoppers, the inclination between hopper walls and the vertical direction often has to be very small, making the hopper very tall and expensive. The cone in cone concept offers a possibility to obtain mass flow in considerably lower, and thereby cheaper hoppers. Small scale tests have indicated that this is possible. However, the small scale tests were carried out with fairly large internal cones, similar to the hopper in size. These small scale tests have now been confirmed with full scale tests, which at the same time proved that it is possible to obtain mass flow with much smaller internal cones, less than half the size of the hopper.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652145},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 2000 - Quasi-static shear deformation of a soft particle system.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {179-191+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Antony - 2000 - Quasi-static shear deformation of a soft particle system.pdf},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1060
@article{hong0000numerical_1,

	author = {Hong, T. and Ooi, J. Y. and Shaw, B.},
	title = {A numerical simulation to relate the shot peening parameters to the induced residual stresses},
	journal = {Engineering Failure Analysis},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652144},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hong, Ooi, Shaw - 2008 - A numerical simulation to relate the shot peening parameters to the induced residual stresses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036840378\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=8b87131a9ca9b9078678b685999a3f3b},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 10
Export Date: 24 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, compressive, database, dem, discrete, element, finite, jin, jps, method, oois, peening, piv, powder, residual, shot, stress},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1097-1110+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hong, Ooi, Shaw - 2008 - A numerical simulation to relate the shot peening parameters to the induced residual stresses.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		compression,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		peening,
		piv,
		powder,
		residual,
		shot,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1061
@article{ooi0000wall,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Wall pressures in squat steel silos from simple finite element analysis},
	journal = {Computers and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652143},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1990 - Wall pressures in squat steel silos from simple finite element analysis.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v50/p5138},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.50.5138},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {361-374+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1990 - Wall pressures in squat steel silos from simple finite element analysis.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1062
@article{johnson0000contact_1,

	author = {Johnson, S. and Williams, J. R. and Cook, B. K.},
	title = {Contact resolution algorithm for an ellipsoid approximation for discrete element modeling},
	journal = {Engineering Computations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652142},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Williams, Cook - 2004 - Contact resolution algorithm for an ellipsoid approximation for discrete element modeling.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4CY5KH5-2/2/7e149af9263df179e0e35a69966ab4c5},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4V-3WC47CG-1C/2/7f057fa438f0b3754bb239f18e72d1bd},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.050},
	old_keywords = {aarons, algorithm, approximation, cient, computational, contact, database, dem, discrete, ef, element, ellipsoid, factors, focus, for, force, four-arc, generation, geometry, granular, implementation, including, is, jin, jps, media, methods, micro-mechanics, modelling, neighbor-sorting, numerical, of, on, oois, paper, particle, piv, powder, relies, representation, resolution, several, the, this},
	number = {2},
	pages = {215-234+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Williams, Cook - 2004 - Contact resolution algorithm for an ellipsoid approximation for discrete element modeling.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		ellipse,
		focus,
		force,
		geometry,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		medium,
		micromechanics,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1063
@article{wilde0000silo,

	author = {Wilde, K. and Rucka, M. and Tejchman, J.},
	title = {Silo music \^{a}€” Mechanism of dynamic flow and structure interaction},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A theory of rolling friction featuring the importance of elastic hysteresis losses is presented. A simple model of retarded elasticity is chosen to represent the physical properties of the material. A prediction resulting from the theory is that the coefficient of friction for a relatively hard sphere rolling on a softer base material should vary with speed so as to go through a maximum. This relationship resembles closely the variation of mechanical loss with frequency.The results are not restricted to rolling but also apply to well-lubricated sliding where shearing forces have been minimized. Although the theory is developed for a material with idealized physical properties, it nevertheless affords a basis for comparing real materials and for predicting their frictional properties in cases where deformation losses are predominant. {\copyright}1959 The American Institute of Physics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652141},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilde, Rucka, Tejchman - 2008 - Silo music \^{a}€” Mechanism of dynamic flow and structure interaction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/30/1725/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM, rolling friction},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {16-16+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:18},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wilde, Rucka, Tejchman - 2008 - Silo music \^{a}€” Mechanism of dynamic flow and structure interaction.pdf},
	volume = {186},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1064
@article{anandarajah0000multiple,

	author = {Anandarajah, A.},
	title = {Multiple time-stepping scheme for the discrete element analysis of colloidal particles},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The triaxial test is probably the most important fundamental laboratory test for geotechnical engineers. The objective of the study presented here was to gain insight into the micro-scale interactions experienced by particles during a triaxial test using the distinct element method (DEM). To achieve this objective, a novel DEM modelling environment to simulate triaxial tests on ideal granular materials was implemented, as described here. In this test environment, both the stress conditions and boundary conditions in the physical tests can be accurately reproduced. This approach was quantitatively validated by simulating a number of physical triaxial tests on specimens of steel spheres. A comparison between the circumferential periodic boundaries used here and the circumferential rigid boundaries used by other researchers emphasises the significance of maintaining a continuous particle-particle contact network orthogonal to the major principal stress direction. Results of an analysis of the micro-scale response in a triaxial simulation are analysed in detail, including the stresses, the distribution of contact forces, the evolution of fabric, the distribution of local strains, and the particle rotations. Significant non-uniformities in the stresses, strains and contact fabric were observed.},
	address = {University College Dublin},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652140},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anandarajah - 1999 - Multiple time-stepping scheme for the discrete element analysis of colloidal particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36849002763\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8J-48TMCFB-3/2/1e04685fed02d1dcdaf3adb3a0eac373},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 2
Export Date: 9 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, laboratory, model, oois, piv, powder, tests},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {132-132+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Anandarajah - 1999 - Multiple time-stepping scheme for the discrete element analysis of colloidal particles.pdf},
	volume = {106},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		model,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1065
@proceedings{ferellec0000simulation,

	title = {DEM simulation of bulk material flow in a feeding system of blast furnace},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Ferellec, J. F. and Mochizuki, C. and Hirata, A.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652139},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
DEM simulation of bulk material flow in a feeding system of blast furnace},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1066
@proceedings{feng0000energy,

	title = {An energy based comer to corner contact algorithm.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Feng, Y. T. and Owen, D. R. J.},
	booktitle = {3rd Int. Conf: Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652138},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
An energy based comer to corner contact algorithm.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Santa Fe, NM, 23-25.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1067
@article{feng0000augumented,

	author = {Feng, Y. T. and Owen, D. R. J.},
	title = {An augumented spatial digital tree algorithm for contact detection in computational mechanics.},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. (in press).},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652137},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1068
@article{feng0000filling,

	author = {Feng, Y. T. and Han, K. and Owen, D. R. J.},
	title = {Filling domains with disks: an advancing front approach.},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. (in press).},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652136},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1069
@book{fischercripps0000introduction,

	author = {Fischer-Cripps, A. C.},
	title = {Introduction to Contact Mechanics},
	publisher = {Springer - Mechanical Engineering Series},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;The paper deals with the stress distribution beneath prismatic and conical sandpiles. The analysis was performed with the FEM and a micro-polar hypoplastic constitutive model. Several influence factors were studied including the method of pile construction, base roughness, heap inclination, mean grain diameter and initial void ratio of sand. Two methods of sandpile construction were examined: by uniform raining and by centric flow, respectively. The results indicate that the stress distribution under sandpiles is mainly influenced by the construction method. For uniform raining, the maximum stress was observed under the pile centre, while for centric flow, a stress dip was obtained under the pile centre.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652135},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fischer-Cripps - 2007 - Introduction to Contact Mechanics.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0102-6},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4BBMS4K-3/2/5b7c9dc329fe04c2ca043b28cb5b10ab},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-008-0102-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0102-6},
	isbn = {978 0 387 68187 0},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {221-221+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Fischer-Cripps - 2007 - Introduction to Contact Mechanics.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1070
@proceedings{feng0000effect,

	title = {Effect of bed thickness on fluidization behaviour of particles mixtures.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Feng, Y. Q. and Yu, A. B.},
	booktitle = {4th World Congress on Particle Technology},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652134},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Effect of bed thickness on fluidization behaviour of particles mixtures.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Sydney, Australia (to appear).},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1071
@proceedings{feng0000size,

	title = {Size segregation of particle mixtures in a gas-fluidized bed.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Feng, Y. Q. and Xu, B. H. and Zhang, S. J. and Yu, A. B. and Zulli, P.},
	booktitle = {7th Int. Conf: on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652133},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Size segregation of particle mixtures in a gas-fluidized bed.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Newcastle, Australia, 377-385.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1072
@article{shimizu2001threedimensional,

	author = {Shimizu, Y. and Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {Three-dimensional DEM simulations of bulk handling by screw conveyors},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {2001},

	abstract = {Since 1982 when Schwedes published his review paper on the Evolution of Bulk Solids Technology since 1974 the field of bulk solids handling has experienced many advances. This paper attempts to review five major areas of technological development in this field. Three of these have been areas of constant interest since the days of Jenikes pioneering work and were already part of Schwedes review: bulk solids characterization, modeling of the mechanical behavior of bulk solids, and standards for testing and silo loads. The two new areas of development are numerical simulations, namely FEM and DEM methods, and the technology of silo inserts. Developments in all these areas are indicative of the many significant accomplishments in the field of silo technology during the last twenty years. However, there are still many problems that need to be addressed and questions that need to be answered.},
	address = {BASF AG, GC/Process Engineering T, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Jenike \& Johanson Inc., One Technology Park Dr., Westford MA 01886-3189, USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652132},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shimizu, Cundall - 2001 - Three-dimensional DEM simulations of bulk handling by screw conveyors.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390018},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.200390018},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {864-864+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Shimizu, Cundall - 2001 - Three-dimensional DEM simulations of bulk handling by screw conveyors.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
	},

}

ref_id = 1073
@article{buick0000investigation,

	author = {Buick, J. M. and Chavez-Sagarnaga, J. and Zhong, Z. and Ooi, J. Y. and Campbell, D. M. and Greated, C. A.},
	title = {Investigation of Silo Honking: Slip-Stick Excitation and Wall Vibration},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Efforts to measure the mechanical properties of bulk solids or powders are hampered by the fact that any shear tester and shear testing method introduces anisotropy effects. Experimental evidence of anisotropy effects in fine cohesive bulk materials shows that the unconfined yield strength depends on the consolidation method used and the relation between the strain path directions during consolidation and at failure. The stress state during steady state flow, however, does not depend on the consolidation procedure. The anisotropic effects observed in experiments with cohesive powders is believed to be the result of the generation, destruction and subsequent re-generation of a maximum resistance packing structure.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652131},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Buick et al. - 2005 - Investigation of Silo Honking Slip-Stick Excitation and Wall Vibration.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3TMWPCS-1/2/f6f77ca6fd6d5b5b3a8b90baecb134b1},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, computer, computing, database, dem, digital, granular, jin, jps, macroscale, material, materials, microscale, numerical, oois, physics, piv, powder, science, simulation, simulations},
	number = {3},
	pages = {299-299+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Buick et al. - 2005 - Investigation of Silo Honking Slip-Stick Excitation and Wall Vibration.pdf},
	volume = {131},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		macroscale,
		material,
		material,
		microscale,
		numeric,
		oois,
		physics,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1074
@article{feise0000calculation,

	author = {Feise, H. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Calculation of silo stresses and feeder loads by the hypoplastic material model},
	journal = {Bulk Solids Handling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Stresses in silos depend on the silo geometry, the bulk solid stored, the filling and discharge pattern and the interaction between silo and feeder. Finite element calculations show that a flexible support of the feeder significantly reduces feeder loads, just as experiments have indicated. Depending on bulk solids properties and hopper geometry the vertical deflection of the feeder can lead to the development of a passive stress field even during filling.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652130},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {537+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1075
@article{rademacher0000possible,

	author = {Rademacher, F. J. C. and Haaker, G.},
	title = {Possible deviations in the determination of bulk solid characteristics, caused by the loading mechanism of the Jenike Shear cell},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Without Abstract},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652129},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rademacher, Haaker - 1986 - Possible deviations in the determination of bulk solid characteristics, caused by the loading mechanism of the Jenike Shear cell.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02501862},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/BF02501862},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02501862},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {33-44+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rademacher, Haaker - 1986 - Possible deviations in the determination of bulk solid characteristics, caused by the loading mechanism of the Jenike Shear cell.pdf},
	volume = {46},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1076
@article{blumenfeld0000stresses_1,

	author = {Blumenfeld, R.},
	title = {Stresses in Isostatic Granular Systems and Emergence of Force Chains},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;The penetration test is a widely used in-situ test in geotechnical engineering which mechanism is very important to geomechanics. This paper presents a numerical study on both classic and non-classic kinematic fields in penetration tests on granular ground. A two-dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been used to simulate penetration tests on a full-size granular ground that is under an amplified gravity and under a K 0 lateral stress boundary. In addition to classical kinematic variables, i.e. displacement and velocity, a non-classical kinematic variable called the average pure rotation rate (APR), which represents particle sizes and particle rotations (M. J. Jiang et al. Kinematic models for non-coaxial granular materials: Part I: theories. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 2005; 29(7): 643–661), is investigated in the penetration test. The DEM numerical results show that the penetration leads to significant changes in displacement, velocity and APR fields, making the soil near the penetrometer move in complex displacement and APR paths. In comparison to velocity field, APR field is very 'localized' in the area close to the penetrometer shoulder during penetration. Based on the normalized tip resistance, the penetration process can be described by three phases of penetration, in which the granular ground undergoes three types of failure mechanism, respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652128},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Blumenfeld - 2004 - Stresses in Isostatic Granular Systems and Emergence of Force Chains.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0107-1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/971/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-008-0107-1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-008-0107-1},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1-4+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:17},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Blumenfeld - 2004 - Stresses in Isostatic Granular Systems and Emergence of Force Chains.pdf},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1077
@incollection{muhlhaus0000discrete_1,

	author = {M\"{u}hlhaus, H. and Sakaguchi, H. and Moresi, L. and Fahey, M.},
	title = {Discrete and continuum modelling of granular materials},
	booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Physics: Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of Cohesive-Frictional Materials},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A granular assembly composed of a collection of identical grains may pack under different microscopic configurations with microscopic features that are sensitive to the preparation history. A given configuration may also change in response to external actions such as compression and shearing. We show, using a mechanical response function method developed experimentally and numerically, that the macroscopic stress profiles are strongly dependent on these preparation procedures. These results were obtained for both two and three dimensions. The method reveals that, under a given preparation history, the macroscopic symmetries of the granular material is affected, and in most cases significant departures from isotropy should be observed. This suggests a new path towards a non-intrusive test of granular material constitutive properties.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652127},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¼hlhaus et al. - 2001 - Discrete and continuum modelling of granular materials.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Discrete element modelling of the flow of irregular, smooth-surfaced particles through an environment of arbitrary geometry
 | 
0953-8984
 | 
0953-8984-17-24-002},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Discrete and continuum modelling of granular materials},
	number = {24},
	pages = {185-204+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/M\~{A}¼hlhaus et al. - 2001 - Discrete and continuum modelling of granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1078
@proceedings{fakhimi0000calibration,

	title = {Calibration of a distinct element model for rock failure envelope and tensile strength},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Fakhimi, A. and Villegas, T.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652126},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Calibration of a distinct element model for rock failure envelope and tensile strength},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1079
@article{fakhimi0000simulation,

	author = {Fakhimi, A. and Carvalho, F. and Ishida, T. and Labuz, J. F.},
	title = {Simulation of failure around a circular opening in rock},
	journal = {International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652125},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-460879C-5/2/be61c6b542cc308b9df76b87a04bb8a4},
	old_keywords = {acoustic, biaxial, database, distinct, element, emission, jin, method, oois, opening, test, underground},
	number = {4},
	pages = {507+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V4W-460879C-5/2/be61c6b542cc308b9df76b87a04bb8a4},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		acoustic,
		emission,
		jin,
		oois,
		opening,
		underground,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1080
@article{evesque0000granta,

	author = {Evesque, P.},
	title = {Granta Gravel model of sandpile avalanches. Towards critical fluctuations?},
	journal = {Journal de physique Paris},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652124},
	comment = {Cited By: 1, Export Date: 10 November 05, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {22},
	pages = {2515+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1081
@book{eringen0000theory,

	author = {Eringen, A. C.},
	title = {Theory of micropolar elasticity. In Fracture -An Advanced Treatise},
	publisher = {Chapter 7, Liebovitz (Ed.), Vol. 11, Academic Press, New York, 621-693.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652123},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1082
@article{tomas0000fundamentals,

	author = {Tomas, J.},
	title = {Fundamentals of cohesive powder consolidation and flow},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The report presents theoretical speculations concerning the phenomenon of electrostatic charging during pneumatic transport of powders. Experiments for measuring electrostatic charging under given transport conditions are described, and experimental and theoretical results are compared. (A)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652122},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tomas - 2004 - Fundamentals of cohesive powder consolidation and flow.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, constitutive, contact, database, dem, der, flow, force, jin, jps, mechanics, models, oois, particle, powder, prop-, van, waals},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {75-86+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tomas - 2004 - Fundamentals of cohesive powder consolidation and flow.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		flow,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,
		powder,
		vanderwaals,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1083
@article{thornton0000agglomerates,

	author = {Thornton, C.},
	title = {How do agglomerates break?},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {It is a common problem that powders become aerated during filling into sacks, causing increased volumes, low mechanical stability, bursting of sacks, dusting as air escapes, difficulties in palletizing, and stacking of the pallets. In order to overcome such problems, a pallet press was developed several years ago. The press is used to obtain a more uniform geometry and to get rid of excess air from palletized sacks by simply pressing the pallets into a rectangular shape. How a powder will behave during filling into sacks will depend on its properties. By testing the powders to be stored in this way, one can predict what advantages can be obtained by using the pallet press for specific powders. The applicability of a uniaxial tester, developed for testing flow properties of powders, has been investigated for this purpose by Tel-Tek, POSTEC dept.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652121},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton - 2004 - How do agglomerates break.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, UNIAXAL TESTER},
	old_keywords = {agglomerate, database, dem, dynamics, fracture, granular, impact, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {110-116+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:16},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton - 2004 - How do agglomerates break.pdf},
	volume = {144},

	keywords = {
		agglomerate,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		fracture,
		granular,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1084
@article{thornton0000theoretical_1,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Ning, Z.},
	title = {A theoretical model for the stick/bounce behaviour of adhesive, elastic-plastic spheres},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Compares the recent Johanson Indicizer system with the established Jenike method, and a more sophisticated direct flow measurement tester developed and used by the authors for silo design. Despite deficiencies of the Jenike shear test, the authors' experience indicates that when conducted and interpreted correctly, the results are reliable. The Johanson Indicizer appears to have similar deficiencies in relation to stress distributions and interpretation of results. However, while it offers other improvements, the authors are reluctant to use it until it is properly evaluated. In the longer term, they believe such simplified methods for silo design will be replaced with more sophisticated solutions. (J.M.M.)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652120},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00099-0},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Ning - 1998 - A theoretical model for the stickbounce behaviour of adhesive, elastic-plastic spheres.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00099-0},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {451+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton, Ning - 1998 - A theoretical model for the stickbounce behaviour of adhesive, elastic-plastic spheres.pdf},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1085
@book{timoshenko0000theory,

	author = {Timoshenko, S. P. and Goodier, J. N.},
	title = {Theory of Elasticity},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In order to ensure flow in a mass flow hopper by gravity alone, the width of the outlet has to be larger than a critical size, the critical outlet width. The critical outlet width is determined by means of the well-known Jenike theory. Taking into consideration recent developments in the understanding of the flow properties of powders in the low-stress region, a new theory has been derived, which gives critical outlet widths both for recommencement of flow and for continuous flow by gravity alone. Fair agreement with experimental evidence is demonstrated.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652119},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Timoshenko, Goodier - 1970 - Theory of Elasticity.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	isbn = {0070858055, 9780070858053},
	journal = {International Journal of Bulk Solids Storage in Silos},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	location = {New York},
	number = {4},
	pages = {567-567+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Timoshenko, Goodier - 1970 - Theory of Elasticity.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1086
@article{tillemans0000simulating,

	author = {Tillemans, H. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Simulating deformations of granular solids under shear},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Bulk density as a function of consolidation stress is required for solving flow problems. Often a linear relationship is assumed for fitting experimental data to a curve. However, starting from existing theories on powder mechanics, it is possible to derive a more realistic relationship, based on the assumption of constant interparticulate forces, independent of consolidation stresses. The derived relationship fits well to many sets of experimental data.},
	booktitle = {EFCE Publication Series (European Federation of Chemical Engineering)},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652118},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tillemans, Herrmann - 1995 - Simulating deformations of granular solids under shear.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
Relationship between the bulk density of a powder and the major consolidation stress},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {261-288+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tillemans, Herrmann - 1995 - Simulating deformations of granular solids under shear.pdf},
	volume = {217},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1087
@article{tordesillas0000role,

	author = {Tordesillas, A. and Peters, J. and Muthuswamy, M.},
	title = {Role of particle rotations and rolling resistance in a semi-infinite particulate solid indented by a rigid at punch},
	journal = {ANZIAM Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Electrostatic mixing should ideally be a method for producing  powder mixtures, i.e. mixtures where the particles of the various components are positioned relative to each other in a systematic, ordered way, forming a regular pattern. Because ordered mixtures can be far more homogenous than the random mixtures previously considered to be the most homogeneous powder mixtures obtainable, the principle of electrostatic powder mixing is of considerable practical interest. A theoretical investigation of a process for electrostatic mixing of a fine and a coarse powder, based on experience from some preliminary pilot scale experiments, is summarized in this paper. The theoretical analysis shows that the process is feasible, provided some fundamental conditions are satisfied.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652117},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tordesillas, Peters, Muthuswamy - 2005 - Role of particle rotations and rolling resistance in a semi-infinite particulate solid indented by a rigid at punch.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	pages = {C260-C275+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tordesillas, Peters, Muthuswamy - 2005 - Role of particle rotations and rolling resistance in a semi-infinite particulate solid indented by a rigid at punch.pdf},
	volume = {46(E)},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1088
@article{tomas0000adhesion,

	author = {Tomas, J.},
	title = {Adhesion of ultrafine particles\^{a}€”A micromechanical approach},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Ideally, electrostatic mixing of powders should produce ordered powder mixtures, i. e. mixtures where the particles of the various components are positioned relatively to each other in a systematic, ordered way, forming a regular pattern. Because ordered mixtures can be far more homogeneous than even random mixtures, the principle of electrostatic powder mixing is of considerable practical interest. This paper summarizes the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation undertaken to elucidate the possibilities and limitations of the electrostatic powder mixing principle, when put into practice.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652116},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tomas - 2007 - Adhesion of ultrafine particles\^{a}€”A micromechanical approach.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {absorption, activation, adhesion, contact, database, dem, energy, jin, jps, mechanics, ne, oois, particle, particles, powder, surface, ultra},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1997-2010+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tomas - 2007 - Adhesion of ultrafine particles\^{a}€”A micromechanical approach.pdf},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		absorption,
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		energy,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		particle,
		particle,
		powder,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1089
@article{ooi0000prediction,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Chen, J. F. and Lohnes, R. A. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Prediction of static wall pressures in coal silos},
	journal = {Construction and Building Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Coal silos have been among the most problematic with regard to flow and structural failures. This paper describes part of a project to improve understanding of the mechanical behaviour of coal and its effect on wall pressures and solids arching. The parameters for several constitutive models were derived from material tests on ground Shannon coal and used in finite element calculations of static wall pressures. The finite element predictions were compared with both existing classical theories and codified design methods.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652115},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi et al. - 1996 - Prediction of static wall pressures in coal silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100350050013},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-443TYX5-32/2/b51f034878f0db0a051b668e25f3b24b},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s100350050013},
	doi = {10.1007/s100350050013},
	old_keywords = {aarons, coal, continue, database, dem, design, failures, flow, have, in, jin, jps, many, oois, piv, powder, presented, pressures, problems, recent, silo, silos, structural, to, years},
	number = {2},
	pages = {109-116+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi et al. - 1996 - Prediction of static wall pressures in coal silos.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		coal,
		dem,
		failure,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		silo,
		silo,
		structure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1090
@article{howell0000fluctuations_1,

	author = {Howell, D. W. and Behringer, R. P. and Veje, C. T.},
	title = {Fluctuations in granular media},
	journal = {Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Numerous direct and ring shear tests supply that composition and texture of sediments are crucial for shear and frictional strength. We simulate particle interactions on a micro-scale level during shearing with a numerical shear box using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Based on the granular model approach detailed information about slip localisation and rates, forces at particle contacts, as well as particle rotation can be quantified as function of particle shape, stress conditions, and shear rate. Our numerical experiments show that the deformation behaviour of `clay' is largely controlled by their particle shape. Two key factors, sphericity and roughness, could be identified as relevant for frictional strength, shear zone development, and particle rotation with sphericity dominating over roughness. Decreasing sphericity leads to complex initial microfabrics whose breakdown with increasing strain is caused by particle rotation. Preferred particle orientation favours low friction, decreasing volume strain, and the evolution of particle domains of similar orientation. Decreasing roughness results in particle interlocking of different degrees which obstructs slip and rotation to preferred orientations so that friction is high and volume strain positive. Spatial and temporal shear zone development depends on the roughness of particles. Increasing roughness precludes shear zone development and particle domain evolution. Shear zone localisation depends on particle sphericity. Increasing sphericity leads to more localised but vertically dilated deformation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652114},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Howell, Behringer, Veje - 1999 - Fluctuations in granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6X-4KW5WJG-2/2/ec2d72bc879248e3ad7f8b9ca8612795},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Multi-scale modelling of powder compaction: from granules to tablets},
	old_keywords = {aarons, clay, coefficient, database, dem, discrete, element, experiment, friction, jin, jps, method, of, oois, piv, powder, shear, strength, zone},
	location = {British Pharmaceutical Conference Manchester},
	number = {3},
	pages = {559-559+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Howell, Behringer, Veje - 1999 - Fluctuations in granular media.pdf},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		clay,
		dem,
		discrete,
		friction,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1091
@article{drimmel0000viscous,

	author = {Drimmel, R.},
	title = {Viscous damping in self-gravitating accretion discs},
	journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652113},
	comment = {Cited By: 3, Export Date: 25 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {accretion, database, discs, formation, hydrodynamics, instabilities, jin, oois, solar, stars, system},
	number = {3},
	pages = {982+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {282},

	keywords = {
		disc,
		formation,
		hydrodynamics,
		instability,
		jin,
		oois,
		solar,
		star,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1092
@book{johnson0000contact_2,

	author = {Johnson, K. L. and Langstreth, K.},
	title = {Contact Mechanics},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This treatise is concerned with the stresses and deformation of solid bodies in contact with each other, along curved surfaces which touch initially at a point or along a line. Examples are a railway wheel and rail, or a pair of gear wheel teeth. Professor Johnson first reviews the development of the theory of contact stresses since the problem was originally addressed by H. Hertz in 1882. Next he discusses the influence of friction and the topographical roughness of surfaces, and this is incorporated into the theory of contact mechanics. An important feature is the treatment of bodies which deform plastically or viscoelastically. In addition to stationary contact, an appreciable section of the book is concerned with bodies which are in sliding or rolling contact, or which collide.},
	address = {Mechanics \& Structures Dept, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652112},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&\#38;lr=\&\#38;id=oy-P5D7hTVAC\&\#38;pgis=1},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0020380214\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4031PWC-1C/2/2ae4141bc4aacb3e9846213d73622102},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus
 | 
37},
	isbn = {0521255767},
	journal = {Deformation and failure of granular materials. IUTAM symposium, Delft, 1982},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {29-43+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&\#38;lr=\&\#38;id=oy-P5D7hTVAC\&\#38;pgis=1},
	volume = {84},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1093
@proceedings{johnson0000contact_3,

	title = {Contact detection algorithm for an ellipsoid using equivalent contact spheres},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The localization of deformation in laboratory tests on granular material is considered. This paper is concerned with experimental results obtained with two different sets of apparatus on dry dense sand. In the first, a true triaxial apparatus, some unexpected combinations of shear band mechanisms are shown, leading to "hidden" localization; in the other, a biaxial apparatus, a complete description of the incremental strain fields at the localization inception, and afterwards, is given. The initiation and the propagation of the shear bands are discussed, and the dilatancy effects are outlined.},
	author = {Johnson, S. and Williams, J. R. and Cook, B. K.},
	booktitle = {VII International Conference on Computational Plasticity COMPLAS VII},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652111},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Williams, Cook - 2003 - Contact detection algorithm for an ellipsoid using equivalent contact spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2R-481DR0J-2J/2/59a0ac02d9fb66490f230c1f56deb172},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4031PWC-1B/2/8afb4f8fff451fdea0e36eeea17d335d},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/0013-7944(85)90097-9
 | 
Contact detection algorithm for an ellipsoid using equivalent contact spheres},
	journal = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics},
	old_keywords = {aarons, computational, contact, database, dem, detection, discrete, ellipsoid, geometry, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Barcelona},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1-20+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johnson, Williams, Cook - 2003 - Contact detection algorithm for an ellipsoid using equivalent contact spheres.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,
		ellipse,
		geometry,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1094
@article{drake0000structural,

	author = {Drake, T. G.},
	title = {Structural features in granular flows},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652110},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {B6},
	pages = {8681-8695+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1095
@article{muirwood0000life,

	author = {MuirWood, D.},
	title = {Life cycles of granular materials},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In contrast to continuum systems where localization or shear banding arises through a bifurcation in a predefined system of differential equations, shear bands emerge in numerical simulations of deforming granular systems with no prescribed mathematical relations other than simple contact forces between particles. Shear bands emerge from the self-organization of large numbers of particles with long-range geometrical interactions playing a dominant role; both translation and rotation of particles are important. Granular media therefore deform more like materials with non-local constitutive relations than materials where only first-order interactions are relevant. In this paper we adopt a thermo-mechanical approach and explore the fluxes of energy in the evolving granular system (that has cohesion as well as friction between the particles) as it is loaded through the unstable localization regime, and track the evolution of energy dissipation. As in continua, the sign of the second-order work defines the emergence of instability in the system. Initially, these instabilities decay into stable configurations of particles but with continued loading, force chains collapse locally to generate geometrically necessary fractures. These zones then propagate to generate localization zones. When these fractures form a continuous network, the system is at the percolation thresh-hold for broken bonds. However, long before this stage, the second-order work fluctuates in bursts weakly correlated with bursts in kinetic energy as damage accumulates. This behaviour suggests that any continuum constitutive description of granular media must be (i) non-local in an anisotropic manner, (ii) micro-polar, and (iii) involve damage evolution. Copyright ?2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652109},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/MuirWood - 1998 - Life cycles of granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847753384\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-487KGWP-7/2/b6f2662c47f470bfbaff8c5614ee1417},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 9 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, band, database, deformation, dem, deposition, emergence, granular, jin, jps, materials, ness, oois, ow, piv, powder, shear, soils, sti, structure},
	number = {1747},
	pages = {2453-2453+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/MuirWood - 1998 - Life cycles of granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {356},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		band,
		deformation,
		dem,
		deposit,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shear,
		soil,
		structure,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1096
@article{donev0000improving,

	author = {Donev, A. and Cisse, I. and Sachs, D. and Variano, E. A. and Stillinger, F. H. and Connelly, R. and Torquato, S. and Chaikin, P. M.},
	title = {Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids},
	journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Packing problems, such as how densely objects can fill a volume, are among the most ancient and persistent problems in mathematics and science. For equal spheres, it has only recently been proved that the face-centered cubic lattice has the highest possible packing fraction phi=pi/18 approximately 0.74. It is also well known that certain random (amorphous) jammed packings have phi approximately 0.64. Here, we show experimentally and with a new simulation algorithm that ellipsoids can randomly pack more densely-up to phi= 0.68 to 0.71 for spheroids with an aspect ratio close to that of M\&M's Candies-and even approach phi approximately 0.74 for ellipsoids with other aspect ratios. We suggest that the higher density is directly related to the higher number of degrees of freedom per particle and thus the larger number of particle contacts required to mechanically stabilize the packing. We measured the number of contacts per particle Z approximately 10 for our spheroids, as compared to Z approximately 6 for spheres. Our results have implications for a broad range of scientific disciplines, including the properties of granular media and ceramics, glass formation, and discrete geometry.},
	address = {School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652108},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Donev et al. - 2004 - Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846386064\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBN-448RDN8-1/2/546a777e1f486ff7be0536f0d3e2df05},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: 028001},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {5660},
	pages = {990-3+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Donev et al. - 2004 - Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids.pdf},
	volume = {303},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1097
@article{grossstuck0000investigations_2,

	author = {Gro{\ss}st\"{u}ck, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Investigations about Bulk Solids with Silo Centrifuge Testing},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652107},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2004 - Investigations about Bulk Solids with Silo Centrifuge Testing.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/435159a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0028-0836
10.1038/435159a
10.1038/435159a},
	doi = {10.1038/435159a},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {741-742+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gro\~{A}\"{Y}st\~{A}¼ck, Schwedes - 2004 - Investigations about Bulk Solids with Silo Centrifuge Testing.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1098
@article{djordjevic0000applying,

	author = {Djordjevic, N. and Shi, F. N. and Morrison, R. D.},
	title = {Applying discrete element modelling to vertical and horizontal shaft impact crushers},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652106},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-49JHH2D-4/2/97814ced2e39d33412170855319267fd},
	old_keywords = {comminution, crushing, database, jin, modelling, oois, simulation},
	number = {10},
	pages = {983+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-49JHH2D-4/2/97814ced2e39d33412170855319267fd},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		comminution,
		crush,
		jin,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1099
@article{djordjevic0000determination,

	author = {Djordjevic, N. and Shi, F. N. and Morrison, R.},
	title = {Determination of lifter design, speed and filling effects in AG mills by 3D DEM},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652105},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-4DF4654-4/2/f9ea4cf618c302fc51f5d7a70b6d7867},
	old_keywords = {comminution, database, dem, grinding, jin, modelling, oois},
	number = {11-12},
	pages = {1135+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-4DF4654-4/2/f9ea4cf618c302fc51f5d7a70b6d7867},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		comminution,
		dem,
		grinding,
		jin,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1100
@article{djordjevic0000discrete_1,

	author = {Djordjevic, N.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling of the influence of lifters on power draw of tumbling mills},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652104},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-484SG1B-7/2/c7469f25f1a461202353a19be66a4a52},
	old_keywords = {comminution, database, jin, milling, modelling, oois, sag},
	number = {4},
	pages = {331+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDR-484SG1B-7/2/c7469f25f1a461202353a19be66a4a52},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		comminution,
		jin,
		mill,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1101
@article{djordjevic0000discrete_2,

	author = {Djordjevic, N.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling of power draw of tumbling mills},
	journal = {Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652103},
	comment = {Cited By: 3, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {consumption, database, jin, mills, modelling, oois, power, tumbling, wear},
	number = {2 AUGUST},
	pages = {109+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {112},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		mill,
		model,
		oois,
		power,
		tumbling,
		wear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1102
@article{rabinovich0000adhesion_2,

	author = {Rabinovich, Y. I. and Adler, J. J. and Ata, A. and Singh, R. and Moudgil, B.},
	title = {Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - II. Measurement and Comparison with Theory},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In this investigation, the adhesion between particles and plates with root-mean-square, rms, surface roughness of 0.17-10.5 nm was measured by atomic force microscopy. Measurements obtained with particles both larger and smaller than the surface asperities are presented. Results indicate adhesion force decreases sharply with increasing surface roughness in the nanometer scale (<2 nm), followed by a gradual and slow decrease with further increase in roughness. Existing models were found to significantly underestimate adhesion force. Hence, a new model based on a geometry that considers both the height and breadth of asperities yielding an increased asperity radius compared to previous approaches, as detailed in Part I of this series, is applied using both van der Waals and elastic deformation/work of adhesion based approaches. For the system studied in this investigation, the adhesion forces predicted by the proposed model are considerably more accurate than those predicted by past models. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
	address = {Laboratoire 3S, CNRS-INPG-UJF, Grenoble, France},
	booktitle = {PARTEC 2004},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652102},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rabinovich et al. - 2000 - Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - II. Measurement and Comparison with Theory.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.338},
	comment = {Measurement of a double-cone's effect on the load of a full-scale silo
 | 
10.1002/nag.338},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.338},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, atomic, croscopy, database, dem, force, jin, jps, mi-, nanoscale, oois, piv, powder, roughness, surface},
	location = {Nuernberg},
	number = {1},
	pages = {17-24+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/Documents and Settings/s0677187/Local Settings/Application Data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rabinovich et al. - 2000 - Adhesion between Nanoscale Rough Surfaces - II. Measurement and Comparison with Theory.pdf},
	volume = {232},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		atomic,
		dem,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		nanoscale,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		roughness,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1103
@article{teng0000plastic,

	author = {Teng, J.},
	title = {Plastic buckling strength of T-section transition ringbeams in steel silos and tanks},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A finite element analysis using ABAQUS was carried out to investigate the loads on a hopper during filling. Simple geometries were chosen, and meshes were designed to represent the granular material and the hopper. An interaction between the contacting surfaces of the granular material and the hopper wall was modeled through a constitutive model of Coulomb friction. In order to simulate a filling process, the meshes representing the granular material and the interaction between the granular material and the wall of the hopper were suspended at the beginning of the analysis. They were then incrementally reactivated in a designed sequence. Such an operation of reactivation of meshes and interactions after initial suspension was assumed to represent the filling process. With this assumption, the development of loads exerted from the granular material on the hopper wall was investigated. Several material constitutive laws widely used for granular materials were adopted and implemented in parallel analyses. An analysis of the so-called "switch-on" filling was carried out as well. It was found that the maximum load was not at the outlet, even from the very beginning of the filling. The maximum load increased and moved upwards along the hopper wall with the development of filling and was located at a position around two-fifths of the length of the hopper wall from the outlet when the filling was finished. It was also shown that the different material models did not have obvious effects on the trend and magnitude of loads under the current investigation conditions. The switch-on filling method reduced the magnitude of the loads on the lower part of the hopper wall and increased it in the upper part. The maximum load using the switch-on filling method was smaller than that when filling layer by layer and was slightly shifted upwards.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652101},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Teng - 2001 - Plastic buckling strength of T-section transition ringbeams in steel silos and tanks.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, FEM, SILO},
	old_keywords = {buckling, database, dem, design, fem, filling, hopper, jin, jps, junctions, loads, oois, powder, ringbeams, shells, silos, simulation, stability, t-section, tanks},
	number = {3},
	pages = {280-297+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:15},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Teng - 2001 - Plastic buckling strength of T-section transition ringbeams in steel silos and tanks.pdf},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		buckling,
		dem,
		fem,
		filling,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		junction,
		load,
		oois,
		powder,
		ringbeam,
		shell,
		silo,
		stability,
		tank,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1104
@article{tegzes0000development,

	author = {Tegzes, P. and Vicsek, T. and Schiffer, P.},
	title = {Development of correlations in the dynamics of wet granular avalanches},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {An analysis (ABAQUS) has been carried out to investigate the development of loads exerted on the wall of a hopper when it is being filled with granular material in a method of either distributed-filling or concentric-filling. A finite element program was created to model the hopper, the granular material and the interaction between them. To simulate a filling process, a partition technique was applied to the granular material to divide it into layers; the meshes, the gravity loading and the interaction were all suspended first. They were then reactivated in a designated sequence layer by layer. Such an operation of reactivation was regarded as an approach to a process of filling. There were two geometries designed for the granular material, the distributed-filling or concentric-filling methods were also thought to be obtained. The sensitivity of loads to the method of filling and to the process of filling was addressed.},
	booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, MED},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652100},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tegzes, Vicsek, Schiffer - 2003 - Development of correlations in the dynamics of wet granular avalanches.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, FEM, SILO
 | 
FE approach to the sensitivity of load on a hopper to the filling method and process with granular material},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, fem, filling, hopper, jin, jps, loads, oois, powder, reactivation, suspension},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1-17+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tegzes, Vicsek, Schiffer - 2003 - Development of correlations in the dynamics of wet granular avalanches.pdf},
	volume = {67},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		fem,
		filling,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		load,
		oois,
		powder,
		reactivation,
		suspension,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1105
@article{theuerkauf0000applying,

	author = {Theuerkauf, J. and Dhodapkar, S. and Manjunath, K. and Jacob, K. and Steinmetz, T.},
	title = {Applying the Discrete Element Method in Process Engineering},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experimental investigations indicate that placing a passive insert in a silo is a method for influencing the discharging flow pattern. These inserts have consisted of an inverted cone, a cone-in-cone, and a double cone. However, providing unequivocal guidelines on where those inserts should be placed for an optimum effect has not been possible experimentally. A numerical approach was therefore developed to predict material flow in the presence of such inserts in silos. Simulation results showed that all these inserts could make a funnel-flow silo perform in mass flow under certain circumstances if positioned correctly. The inserts should be installed at higher levels close to the transition rather than at lower positions close to the outlet, especially with the cone-in-cone insert and the inverted inserts; the maximum diameter of the inverted cone and the double cone should, however, be below the transition of the silo. Among the three inserts investigated, the double cone appeared to be the best, although even with this insert mass flow could not always be obtained if the hopper had an inclination angle as large as 45°. In such a situation, more simulations revealed that the extension of the lower part of the double cone had the potential to improve the flow pattern in the hopper. This potential could be utilized by a combination of extending the lower cone of the double cone insert and reducing the friction between the material and the hopper wall. To ensure improvement, further simulations illustrated that a ratio of 2:7 between the maximum diameter of the insert and the diameter of the silo was also crucial for the best effect.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652099},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Theuerkauf et al. - 2003 - Applying the Discrete Element Method in Process Engineering.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, FEM, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, flow, funnel, inserts, jin, jps, mass, numerical, oois, powder, silos},
	number = {2},
	pages = {157-162+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Theuerkauf et al. - 2003 - Applying the Discrete Element Method in Process Engineering.pdf},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		flow,
		funnel,
		insert,
		jin,
		jps,
		mass,
		numeric,
		oois,
		powder,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1106
@phdthesis{ding0000investigation,

	author = {Ding, S.},
	title = {Investigation of flow and pressure in silos during filling and discharging in presence of inserts},
	school = {University of Edinburgh,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652098},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Investigation of flow and pressure in silos during filling and discharging in presence of inserts},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Edinburgh},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1107
@proceedings{dialer0000distinct,

	title = {A distinct element approach for the defromation behavior of shear stressed masonry panels.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Dialer, C.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Masonry Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652097},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
A distinct element approach for the defromation behavior of shear stressed masonry panels.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Saskatoon, 765-776.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1108
@article{abuhardan0000handling,

	author = {Abu-hardan, M. and Hill, S. E.},
	title = {Handling properties of cereal materials in the presence of moisture and oil},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element methods are emerging as useful numerical analysis tools for engineers concerned with granular materials such as soil, food grains, or pharmaceutical powders. Obviously, the first step in a discrete element simulation is the generation of the geometry of the system of interest. The system geometry is defined by the boundary conditions as well as the shape characteristics (including size) and initial coordinates of the particles in the system. While a variety of specimen generation methods for particulate materials have been developed, there is no uniform agreement on the optimum specimen generation approach. This paper proposes a new triangulation based approach that can easily be implemented in two or three dimensions. The concept of this approach (in two dimensions) is to triangulate a system of points within the domain of interest, creating a mesh of triangles. Then the particles are inserted as the incircles of these triangles. Extension to three dimensions using a mesh of tetrahedra and inserting the inspheres is relatively trivial. The major advantages of this approach include the relative simplicity of the algorithm and the small computational cost associated with the preparation of an initial particle assembly. The sensitivity of the characteristics of the particulate material that is generated to the topology of the triangular mesh used is explored. The approach is compared with other currently used methods in both two and three dimensions. These comparisons indicate that while this approach can successfully generate relatively dense two-dimensional particle assemblies, the three- dimensional implementation is less effective at generating dense systems than other available approaches.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652096},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Abu-hardan, Hill - 2010 - Handling properties of cereal materials in the presence of moisture and oil.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-003-0145-7},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4BBMS4K-4/2/ebb94611e48bc0ea2ffa12d04e1727fd},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s10035-003-0145-7},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-003-0145-7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, flow, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {16-24+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Abu-hardan, Hill - 2010 - Handling properties of cereal materials in the presence of moisture and oil.pdf},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1109
@article{di0000modelling,

	author = {Di Maio, F. P. and Di Renzo, A.},
	title = {Modelling particle contacts in distinct element simulations: Linear and non-linear approach},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Research and Design},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652095},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 11 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {bubble, contact, database, dem, fluidization, formation, jin, models, oois, simulations},
	number = {11 A},
	pages = {1287+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		bubble,
		contact,
		dem,
		fluidization,
		formation,
		jin,
		model,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1110
@article{elliott0000multiscale,

	author = {Elliott, J.},
	title = {Multi-scale modelling of powder compaction: from granules to tablets},
	journal = {Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmacology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the present paper, the problem of a frictional-elastic impact of two spheres is addressed with a novel approach. The set of equations arising from the linear model of the contact mechanics is analytically integrated considering the combined effects of the elastic and frictional mechanisms. The linear model is very commonly used in simulations based on the soft-sphere distinct element method (DEM) (Geotechnique 29 (1979) 47), where numerical methods are used for the integration of the equations of motion of the particles. The analytical approach presented in this work allows the examination of many important aspects related to the use of the linear model in dynamic simulation of multi-particle systems. The impact characteristics, in terms of the mechanisms governing the evolution of the force-displacement relation, can be classified in terms of the initial conditions, showing the same subdivision as that obtained with the more complex model of Maw et al. (Wear 38 (1976) 101). It is demonstrated how the values of many interesting variables at the end of the impact can be directly related to the impact initial conditions through a one-step calculation procedure. The model results of the tangential coefficient of restitution, rebound angles of the contact point and center of mass are validated with the experimental data on frictional-elastic collisions of Kharaz et al. (Powder Technol. 120 (2001) 281), showing, despite the simplicity of the considered model, an excellent agreement. However, it is demonstrated that the force evolution and time duration of the collisions strongly depend on the model parameters and can be improperly evaluated with incorrect material constants. Further analyses are carried out, for various impact angles, on the amount of energy loss due to the frictional mechanism. Also, an analysis of the direct influence of each model parameter on the properties of the particles at the end of the collision is carried out, with special emphasis on the normal elastic spring constant Kn. This helps clarifying why, in the literature, realistic macroscopic results were obtained even with very small values of Kn. Author Keywords: Particle collision; Contact force modeling; DEM simulations; Granular flow},
	address = {Delft Geotechnics, P.O. Box 69, 2600 AB Delft, the Netherlands; Delft University of Technology and Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; University of Twente, the Netherlands},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652094},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Elliott - 2004 - Multi-scale modelling of powder compaction from granules to tablets.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199612)20:12\%3C865::AID-NAG854\%3E3.0.CO;2-A},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4CTCRXW-2/2/770d1f755905afc7f00ba0d38e2d029c},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199612)20:12<865::AID-NAG854>3.0.CO;2-A},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199612)20:12\%3C865::AID-NAG854\%3E3.0.CO;2-A},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {12},
	pages = {253-253+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Elliott - 2004 - Multi-scale modelling of powder compaction from granules to tablets.pdf},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1111
@article{dendy0000sandpiles,

	author = {Dendy, R. O. and Helander, P.},
	title = {Sandpiles, silos and tokamak phenomenology: a brief review},
	journal = {Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652093},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0741-3335/39/12/002/},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1947+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0741-3335/39/12/002/},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1112
@article{nicodemi0000compaction,

	author = {Nicodemi, M. and Coniglio, A. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Compaction and force propagation in granular packings},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The use of tactile sensors has been explored as a novel means of assessing density uniformity of powders in molding dies prior to compaction. Nonuniform mass distribution after the die filling process was detected as gradients in the transmitted pressure by a tactile sensor located at the bottom of the die. The effect of process variables on fill uniformity was determined by comparing the coefficients of variation of transmitted pressure distributions. Direct measurements of the density uniformity after compaction were consistent with the trends in pressure distribution measured by the tactile sensor. Thus, this work demonstrates the feasibility of using tactile sensors as a quality assessment, process development, or training tool in dry pressing operations. Author Keywords: Tactile sensory; Density uniformity; Pressure distribution; Mix uniformity; Die filling; Density gradients},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652092},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nicodemi, Coniglio, Herrmann - 1997 - Compaction and force propagation in granular packings.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e051302},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3V420R9-2/2/b788f017d09aa722c249fe5cb759401a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2008 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, s\_luding},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {405-418+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nicodemi, Coniglio, Herrmann - 1997 - Compaction and force propagation in granular packings.pdf},
	volume = {240},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1113
@article{thornton0000contact_2,

	author = {Thornton, C. and Ning, Z. and Chuan-yu, W. and Nasrullah, M. and Li},
	title = {Contact mechanics and coefficients of restitution},
	journal = {Granular Gases},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Alumina used in the manufacture of aluminium is subjected to a very large number of handling and transport operations: from bulk ships to quayside silo storage, from quayside to manufacturing facility, through fluorine recovery systems and, finally, to the reduction cells. This study, carried out at six major production plants in Norway, determined that poorly designed storage silos probably contributed more to variations in quality than the handling operations themselves.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652091},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton et al. - 2001 - Contact mechanics and coefficients of restitution.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {i},
	pages = {184-194+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Thornton et al. - 2001 - Contact mechanics and coefficients of restitution.pdf},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1114
@article{li0000comparison,

	author = {Li, Y. and Thornton, C. and Xu, Y.},
	title = {A comparison of discrete element simulations and experiments for \^{a}€˜sandpiles\^{a}€™ composed of spherical particles},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652090},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Thornton, Xu - 2005 - A comparison of discrete element simulations and experiments for \^{a}€˜sandpiles\^{a}€™ composed of spherical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033000909\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=f72c943d4974d1bad1ab343aecb96b98},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P6C2-5C/2/96c77bd781942ca05e80687626f026a3},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 19
Export Date: 16 May 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, angle, base, database, dem, discrete, distribution, element, jin, jps, method, of, oois, particles, piv, powder, pressure, repose, sandpiles},
	number = {3},
	pages = {219-228+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li, Thornton, Xu - 2005 - A comparison of discrete element simulations and experiments for \^{a}€˜sandpiles\^{a}€™ composed of spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {160},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		distribution,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		pressure,
		repose,
		sand,pile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1115
@article{de0000some,

	author = {De Borst, R.},
	title = {Some recent issues in computational failure mechanics},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652089},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1/2},
	pages = {63-96.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1116
@article{daddetta0000application,

	author = {D'Addetta, G. A. and Kun, F. and Hemnaim, H. J. and Ramm, E.},
	title = {On the application of a discrete model to the fracture process of cohesive granular materials.},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652088},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1117
@article{hsiau0000velocities,

	author = {Hsiau, S. S. and Smid, J. and Tsai, F. H. and Kuo, J. T. and Chou, C. S.},
	title = {Velocities in moving granular bed filters},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract X-Ray radiographs of polystyrene powder have been obtained in the course of an investigation into their mechanism of flow from hoppers. Whenever a radiograph was taken of a powder after flow out of an aperture, distinct and discontinuous internal surfaces of low powder density were seen. It is shown that the properties of these surfaces are consistent with their being along the slip directions predicted for failure of a plastic material. A cine film is available in which the visual flow that can be seen through the sides of the hoppers is compared with cine X-ray film in which the discontinuous lines can be seen forming and moving during the flow and with their stationary pattern when flow is stopped. The significance of these experimental observations is discussed, with special reference to what can be deduced from them about the stress fields.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652087},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau et al. - 2001 - Velocities in moving granular bed filters.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-441P5MT-1C/2/b0382249c9c2380e122233446233160c},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 166
Export Date: 24 February 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bed, database, dem, filtration, granules, jin, jps, louvered, moving, oois, piv, powder, profiles, velocity, walls},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {205-212+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hsiau et al. - 2001 - Velocities in moving granular bed filters.pdf},
	volume = {114},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bed,
		dem,
		filtration,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		louvered,
		moving,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		velocity,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1118
@article{rotter0000patterns,

	author = {Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Patterns of wall pressure on filling a square planform steel silo},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a series of numerical simulations of biaxial tests performed on assemblies of two-dimensional irregular polygonal particles. Each sample is prepared with a technique similar to dry pluviation. Different aspect ratios (1-3) are considered and the behavior of granular samples is analyzed from both a global and a local point of view. More precisely, the influence of the particle aspect ratio on both inherent (initial) and induced anisotropy is investigated. New internal variables which are related to the orientation of particles are proposed. They give new insight into the specific mechanisms that control the behavior of irregular polygonal materials. Associated to global variables, they demonstrate the existence of a critical state irrespective of the investigated aspect ratios. However, for materials with higher aspect ratios (2 and 3), their inherent anisotropy prevents any extensive reorganization, this means that, within the range of usual strains considered in civil engineering, the particle reorientation remains in progress and considerable deformations are required to reach the critical state.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652086},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rotter - 2002 - Patterns of wall pressure on filling a square planform steel silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJS-4GK1GR3-1/2/4b0b3249d92a30e0e7ea709816be4083},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, anisotropy, aspect, biaxial, bin, critical, database, dem, distribution, granular, gravel, hopper, internal, jin, jps, material, oois, particle, piv, polygonal, powder, pressure, pressures, ratio, rectangular, sand, silos, state, test},
	number = {2},
	pages = {135-150+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Rotter - 2002 - Patterns of wall pressure on filling a square planform steel silo.pdf},
	volume = {24},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		anisotropy,
		bin,
		dem,
		distribution,
		granular,
		gravel,
		hopper,
		internal,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		polygonal,
		powder,
		pressure,
		pressure,
		ratio,
		rectangular,
		sand,
		silo,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1119
@book{cundall0000modeling_2,

	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Strack, O. D. L.},
	title = {Modeling of microscopic mechanism in granular material. In Mechanics of Granular Materials; New Models and Constitutive Relatiotzs},
	publisher = {J.T. Jenkins and M. Satake (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652085},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1120
@proceedings{chung0000measurement,

	title = {Measurement and modelling of a particulate assembly under confined compression},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Many systems in nature exhibit transitions between fluid-like states and solid-like states, or 'jamming transitions'. There is a strong theoretical foundation for understanding equilibrium phase transitions that involve solidification, or jamming. Other jamming transitions, such as the glass transition, are less well understood. The jamming phase diagram has been proposed to unify the description of equilibrium phase transitions, the glass transitions, and other nonequilibrium jamming transitions. As with equilibrium phase transitions, which can either be first order (discontinuous in a relevant order parameter) or second order (continuous), one would expect that generalized jamming transitions can be continuous or discontinuous. In studies of flow in complex fluids, there is a wide range of evidence for discontinuous transitions, mostly in the context of shear localization, or shear banding. In this paper, I review the experimental evidence for discontinuous transitions. I focus on systems in which there is a discontinuity in the rate of strain between two, coexisting states: one in which the material is flowing and the other in which it is solid-like.},
	author = {Chung, Y. C. and Ooi, J. Y. and Favier, J. F.},
	booktitle = {Particulate Systems Analysis 2005},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652084},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi, Favier - 2005 - Measurement and modelling of a particulate assembly under confined compression.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WPV-3TKNW30-H2/2/bb240c3415ed66f3f5a1c624d077170a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Measurement and modelling of a particulate assembly under confined compression},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
	old_keywords = {aarons, agricultural, chemical, coal, compression, confined, database, deformation, dem, during, each, grains, granular, gravels, handled, include, industrial, industry, jin, jps, many, material, materials, minerals, nature, of, oois, or, other, packing, particle, particles, particulate, pellets, pharmaceutical, piv, powder, powders, regimes, sands, stress, the, these, undergo, variety, year},
	location = {Stratford-upon-Avon, UK},
	number = {28},
	pages = {1-5+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chung, Ooi, Favier - 2005 - Measurement and modelling of a particulate assembly under confined compression.pdf},
	volume = {20},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		agriculture,
		chemical,
		coal,
		compression,
		deformation,
		dem,
		grain,
		granular,
		gravel,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		material,
		mineral,
		oois,
		packing,
		particle,
		particle,
		particle,
		pellet,
		pharmaceutical,
		piv,
		powder,
		powder,
		regime,
		sand,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1121
@proceedings{cundall0000numerical_2,

	title = {Numerical modeling of discontinua.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Roger, D. H.},
	booktitle = {Proc. of 1st U.S. Conference on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652083},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Numerical modeling of discontinua.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:14},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1122
@article{vuquoc0000elastoplastic,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, L. and Zhang, X.},
	title = {An elastoplastic contact force-displacement model in the normal direction: displacement-driven version},
	journal = {Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Discrete element methods are numerical procedures for simulating the complete behaviour of systems of discrete, interacting bodies. Three important aspects of discrete element programs are examined: (1) the representation of contacts; (2) the representation of solid material; and (3) the scheme used to detect and revise the set of contacts. A proposal is made to define what constitutes a discrete element program, and four classes of such programs are described: the distinct element method, modal methods, discontinuous deformation analysis and the momentum-exchange method. Several applications and examples are presented, and a list is given of suggestions for future developments.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652082},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Zhang - 1999 - An elastoplastic contact force-displacement model in the normal direction displacement-driven version.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {contact, database, dem, direction, discrete-element, displacement, elastoplasticity, force, granular, jin, jps, mechanics, method, models, normal, oois, ow, powder, s\_luding},
	number = {1991},
	pages = {4013-4044+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Vu-Quoc, Zhang - 1999 - An elastoplastic contact force-displacement model in the normal direction displacement-driven version.pdf},
	volume = {455},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,dem,
		displacement,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		model,
		normal,
		oois,
		powder,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1123
@article{sanad0000computations_1,

	author = {Sanad, A. M. and Ooi, J. Y. and Holst, J. M. F. G. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Computations of granular flow and pressures in a flat-bottomed silo},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {By using specially prepared specimens of work-hardened mild steel, subsurface deformation patterns around Vickers, conical and spherical indentations of millimetre dimensions have been determined. It has been shown that in no case does the deformation pattern agree with the predictions of the plasticity theory for a rigid-perfectly plastic material; the material flow pattern is also inconsistent with the radial flow models. Also, plastic natural strains of 2卤0路01 and 41卤0路001 have been estimated at the tips of a Vickers and a conical (included angle, 45掳) indentations respectively. In the case of a spherical indentation of size <i>a/R</i> = 0路5, where <i>a</i> and <i>R</i> are the radii of contact and the indenter, respectively, the plastic natural strains are estimated to be 0路1 卤0路05 and 0路15卤0路06 at <i>z/a</i> = 0路5 and 0路65 respectively, where <i>z</i> is the distance measured from the undeformed surface along the load axis.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652081},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sanad et al. - 2001 - Computations of granular flow and pressures in a flat-bottomed silo.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09500839308243860},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1033-1033+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sanad et al. - 2001 - Computations of granular flow and pressures in a flat-bottomed silo.pdf},
	volume = {127},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1124
@proceedings{cundall0000selfsimilar,

	title = {A self-similar bond model for PFC2D},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652080},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
A self-similar bond model for PFC2D
},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1125
@article{vuquoc0000normal,

	author = {Vu-Quoc, L. and Zhang, X. and Lesburg, L.},
	title = {Normal and tangential force-displacement relations for frictional elasto-plastic contact of spheres},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Finite-element or finite-difference methods are commonly used in geomechanics to model the response of soil or rock at an engineering site. These methods assume that the material is a continuum (although known discontinuities can be included explicitly). There are two drawbacks with continuum methods. Firstly, an appropriate stress–strain law for the material may not exist, or the law may be excessively complicated with many obscure parameters. Secondly, the natural development of cracks and rupture surfaces is not well-handled by continuum approaches. It is suggested that the future trend for numerical modelling in soil and rock may consist of the replacement of continuum methods by particle methods. Assemblies of discrete particles (bonded together to represent rock, and unbonded to represent soil) capture the complicated behaviour of actual material with simple assumptions and few parameters at the micro level. Complex overall behaviour arises as an emergent property of the assembly. The application of particle methods to large-scale problems is currently difficult or impossible because of high computational demands. It is shown that such applications should be feasible within ten years, and certainly within 20 years. Examples are given of the simulation of granular material and rock by particle methods.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652079},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Vu-Quoc, Zhang, Lesburg - 2001 - Normal and tangential force-displacement relations for frictional elasto-plastic contact of spheres.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {6455-6489+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers//Vu-Quoc, Zhang, Lesburg - 2001 - Normal and tangential force-displacement relations for frictional elasto-plastic contact of spheres.pdf},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1126
@article{cundall0000formulation,

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {Formulation of three-dimensional distinct element model-Part 1. A scheme to detect and represent contacts in system composed of many polyhedral blocks},
	journal = {Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 8 Geomech. Abstr.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652078},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {107- 116+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1127
@book{cundall0000distinct,

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {Distinct element models of rock and soil structure. In Analytical and Conlputational Methods in Engineering Rock Mechanics,},
	publisher = {E.T. Brown (Ed.), Allen and Unwin, London.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652077},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1128
@article{cundall0000explicit,

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {Explicit finite-difference method in geomechanics},
	journal = {Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, ASCE,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652076},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {132-150.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1129
@article{cundall0000computer,

	author = {Cundall, P. A.},
	title = {A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems},
	journal = {Proc. Symp. Rock Fracture (ISRM), Nancy},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652075},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {11-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1130
@article{wu0000rebound,

	author = {Wu, C. Y. and Li and Thornton, C.},
	title = {Rebound behaviour of spheres for plastic impacts},
	journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract Discrete element methods are emerging as useful numerical analysis tools for engineers concerned with granular materials such as soil, food grains, or pharmaceutical powders. Obviously, the first step in a discrete element simulation is the generation of the geometry of the system of interest. The system geometry is defined by the boundary conditions as well as the shape characteristics (including size) and initial coordinates of the particles in the system. While a variety of specimen generation methods for particulate materials have been developed, there is no uniform agreement on the optimum specimen generation approach. This paper proposes a new triangulation based approach that can easily be implemented in two or three dimensions. The concept of this approach (in two dimensions) is to triangulate a system of points within the domain of interest, creating a mesh of triangles. Then the particles are inserted as the incircles of these triangles. Extension to three dimensions using a mesh of tetrahedra and inserting the inspheres is relatively trivial. The major advantages of this approach include the relative simplicity of the algorithm and the small computational cost associated with the preparation of an initial particle assembly. The sensitivity of the characteristics of the particulate material that is generated to the topology of the triangular mesh used is explored. The approach is compared with other currently used methods in both two and three dimensions. These comparisons indicate that while this approach can successfully generate relatively dense two-dimensional particle assemblies, the three- dimensional implementation is less effective at generating dense systems than other available approaches.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652074},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Li, Thornton - 2003 - Rebound behaviour of spheres for plastic impacts.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s10035-003-0145-7},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {cient, coefficient, contact, database, dem, elastic, impact, jin, jps, materials, mechanics, of, oois, plastic, powder, restitution},
	number = {9},
	pages = {929-946+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, Li, Thornton - 2003 - Rebound behaviour of spheres for plastic impacts.pdf},
	volume = {28},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		plastic,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1131
@article{soulie0000influence,

	author = {Souli\'{e}, F. and Cherblanc, F. and El Youssoufi, M. S. and Saix, C.},
	title = {Influence of liquid bridges on the mechanical behaviour of polydisperse granular materials},
	journal = {Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652073},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Souli\~{A}{\copyright} et al. - 2006 - Influence of liquid bridges on the mechanical behaviour of polydisperse granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s10665-004-7952-7},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
{El Youssoufi}},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {213-228+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Souli\~{A}{\copyright} et al. - 2006 - Influence of liquid bridges on the mechanical behaviour of polydisperse granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1132
@article{coste0000solitary,

	author = {Coste, C. and Falcon, E. and Fauve, S.},
	title = {Solitary waves in a chain of beads under Hertz contact},
	journal = {Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652072},
	comment = {Cited By: 61, Export Date: 28 February 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {5 SUPPL. B},
	pages = {6104+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1133
@book{cook0000concepts,

	author = {Cook, R. D. and Malkus, D. S. and Plesha, M. E. and Witt, R. J.},
	title = {Concepts andApplications of Finite Element Analysis.},
	publisher = {4th ed., John Wiley \& Sons, Chichester.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652071},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1134
@article{beverloo0000flow,

	author = {Beverloo, W. and Leniger, H. A. and {J.}},
	title = {The flow of granular solids through orifices},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper analyzes relationships allowing global variables to be deduced from local ones in granular materials. This change of scale is now clear for static variables but rather confusing for kinematic variables. This paper compares the various established formulations for kinematic variables and also proposes original formulations. By running numerical simulations all the formulations in question are compared and the basic premises to define the change of scale for kinematic variables in granular media put forward.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652070},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Beverloo, Leniger, Van De Velde - 1961 - The flow of granular solids through orifices.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VKW-41JV2DT-6/2/e8b03a08001bf0d05425b8b791cc8a8a},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGM/4/19/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
{Van De Velde}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, change, database, dem, drilling, failure, granular, industry, jin, jps, materials, mechanical, of, oil, oois, petroleum, piv, powder, rocks, scale, simulation, strain},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {260-269+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Beverloo, Leniger, Van De Velde - 1961 - The flow of granular solids through orifices.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		failure,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mechanics,
		oil,
		oois,
		petroleum,
		piv,
		powder,
		rock,
		scale,
		strain,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1135
@proceedings{cook0000demfluid,

	title = {DEM-fluid model development for near-wellbore mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cook, B. K. and Boutt, D. F. and Strack, O. E. and Williams, J. R. and Johnson, S. M.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652069},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
DEM-fluid model development for near-wellbore mechanics},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1136
@proceedings{cook0000direct,

	title = {Direct simulation of particle-laden fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cook, B. and Noble, D. and Preece, D. and Williams, J.},
	booktitle = {In, Pacific Rocks 2000, Girard, Liebman, Breeds and Doe (Eds.), Balkema, Rotterdam, 279-286.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652068},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Direct simulation of particle-laden fluids},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1137
@proceedings{cohen0000icollide,

	title = {I-COLLIDE: An Interactive and Exact Collision Detection System for Large-Scaled Environments.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cohen, J. and Lin, M. and Manocha, D. and Ponamgi, K.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM Int. 30 Graphics Conference, 189- 196.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652067},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
I-COLLIDE: An Interactive and Exact Collision Detection System for Large-Scaled Environments.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1138
@proceedings{cleary0000efficient,

	title = {Efficient collision detection for three dimensional superellipsoid particles.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Stokes, N. and {J., H.}},
	booktitle = {Proc. 8th International Compuiational Techniques and Applications Conference, World Scientific, Adelaide.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652066},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Efficient collision detection for three dimensional superellipsoid particles.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1139
@article{chan0000statistical,

	author = {Chan, S. and Ngan, A.},
	title = {Statistical distribution of contact forces in packings of deformable spheres},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROMECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652065},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chan, Ngan - 2005 - Statistical distribution of contact forces in packings of deformable spheres.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APC/1145/937/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TYC-452YH5Y-3/2/bd62a693fa4481e5ed9403fb99bec47c},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Coupling of in-situ X-ray Microtomography Observations with Discrete Element Simulations-Application to Powder Sintering},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, contact, database, dem, elasticity, entropy, granular, jin, jps, materials, mechanics, numerical, oois, piv, powder, random, statistical, synchrotrons, tomography},
	location = {Golden (Colorado)},
	number = {4},
	pages = {493-506+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Chan, Ngan - 2005 - Statistical distribution of contact forces in packings of deformable spheres.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		entropy,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mechanics,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		random,
		statistics,
		synchrotrons,
		tomography,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1140
@article{lian0000discrete,

	author = {Lian, G. and Thornton, C. and Adams, M. J.},
	title = {Discrete particle simulation of agglomerate impact coalescence},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A discrete element modeling of granular material was carried out using a 3D spherical discrete model with a rolling resistance, in order to take into account the roughness of grains. The numerical model of Labenne sand was generated, and the desired porosity was obtained by a radius expansion method. Using numerical triaxial tests the micro-mechanical properties of the numerical material were calibrated in order to match the macroscopic response of the real material. Numerical simulations were carried out under the same conditions as the physical experiments (porosity, boundary conditions and loading). The pre-peak, peak and post-peak behavior of the numerical material was studied. The calibration procedure revealed that the peak stress of the sand sample does not only depend on local friction parameters but also on the rolling resistance. The larger the value of the applied rolling resistance, the higher the resulting stress peak. Furthermore, the deformational response depends strongly on local friction. The numerical results are quantitatively in agreement with the laboratory test results.},
	booktitle = {Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652064},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lian, Thornton, Adams - 1998 - Discrete particle simulation of agglomerate impact coalescence.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-4S9R4R9-1/2/2f4514b4bb242c3cb22ea842fad56fdc},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Three-dimensional modelling of industrial granular flows
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.02.003},
	old_keywords = {aarons, agglomerate, coalescence, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, interactions, interparticle, jin, jps, material, micro-mechanics, model, oois, particle, piv, powder, resistance, rolling, simula-, test, triaxial, wet},
	location = {Australia},
	number = {19},
	pages = {3381-3391+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lian, Thornton, Adams - 1998 - Discrete particle simulation of agglomerate impact coalescence.pdf},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		agglomerate,
		coalescence,
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		interaction,
		interparticle,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		resistance,
		rolling,
		triaxial,
		wet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1141
@proceedings{cleary0000prediction,

	title = {DEM prediction of flow patterns and mixing rates in a ploughshare mixer.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Laurent, B. F. C. and Bridgwater, J.},
	booktitle = {World Congress Particle Techrrology 4.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652063},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
DEM prediction of flow patterns and mixing rates in a ploughshare mixer.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1142
@article{cleary0000centrifugal,

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Hoyer, D.},
	title = {Centrifugal mill charge motion and power draw: comparison of DEM predictions with experiment},
	journal = {Int. J. Miner. Process.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652062},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {131 - 148.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1143
@article{cleary0000selflubrication,

	author = {Cleary, P. W. and Campbell, C. S.},
	title = {Self-lubrication for long run-out landslides: Examination by computer simulation.},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652061},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {B12},
	pages = {21911-21924.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {98},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1144
@article{cleary0000sirnulation,

	author = {Cleary, P. W.},
	title = {DEM sirnulation of industrial particle flows: Case studies of dragline excavators, mixing in tumblers and centrifugal mills.},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652060},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {83-104.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1145
@article{maeda0000evaporation,

	author = {Maeda, N. and Israelachvili, J. N. and Kohonen, M. M.},
	title = {Evaporation and instabilities of microscopic capillary bridges},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The formation and disappearance of liquid bridges between two surfaces can occur either through equilibrium or nonequilibrium processes. In the first instance, the bridge molecules are in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding vapor medium. In the second, chemical potential gradients result in material transfer; mechanical instabilities, because of van der Waals force jumps on approach or a Rayleigh instability on rapid separation, may trigger irreversible film coalescence or bridge snapping. We have studied the growth and disappearance mechanisms of laterally microscopic liquid bridges of three hydrocarbon liquids in slit-like pores. At rapid slit-opening rates, the bridges rupture by means of a mechanical instability described by the Young-Laplace equation. Noncontinuum but apparently reversible behavior is observed when a bridge is held at nanoscopic surface separations H close to the thermodynamic equilibrium Kelvin length, 2r(K)costheta, where r(K) is the Kelvin radius and theta is the contact angle. During the course of slow evaporation (at H > 2r(K)costheta) and subsequent regrowth by capillary condensation (at H < 2r(K)costheta), the refractive index of the bridge may vary continuously and reversibly between that of the bulk liquid and vapor. The evaporation process becomes irreversible only at the very final stage of evaporation, when the refractive index of the fluid attains virtually that of the vapor. Measured refractive index profiles and the time-dependence of evaporating neck diameters also seem to differ from predictions based on a continuum picture of bridge evaporation far from the critical point. We discuss these findings in terms of the probable density profiles in evolving liquid bridges.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652059},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maeda, Israelachvili, Kohonen - 2003 - Evaporation and instabilities of microscopic capillary bridges.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3YYV8RH-B/2/56be4b9e1d0a60501787a4adb12dc06a},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 12 January 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, chemical, database, dem, factors, gases, jin, jps, methods, oois, piv, powder, refractometry, thermodynamics, time},
	number = {3},
	pages = {803-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maeda, Israelachvili, Kohonen - 2003 - Evaporation and instabilities of microscopic capillary bridges.pdf},
	volume = {100},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		chemical,
		dem,
		gas,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		refractometry,
		thermodynamics,
		time,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1146
@article{lorenz0000measurements_2,

	author = {Lorenz, A. and Tuozzolo, C. and Louge, M. Y.},
	title = {Measurements of impact properties of small, nearly spherical particles},
	journal = {Experimental Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The explicit, finite difference code FLAC is used to model shear band development in isotropic, elastic-plastic, Coulomb, non-associated, non-hardening materials. The code reproduces shear band inclinations which depend on both the angle of friction and the angle of dilation. Localization occurs at the yield point. Shear band width is sensitive to the size of the finite difference mesh but is controlled also by the magnitudes of the friction and dilation angles. The distribution of shear bands throughout the specimen is also influenced by the values of friction and, to a lesser extent, of dilation. There is no suggestion that numerical instability or numerical truncation errors are responsible for shear band nucleation.},
	booktitle = {Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652058},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lorenz, Tuozzolo, Louge - 1997 - Measurements of impact properties of small, nearly spherical particles.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00532251},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
The effect of particle shape on hopper discharge
 | 
10.1007/BF00532251},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00532251},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Australia},
	number = {3},
	pages = {292-298+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:13},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Lorenz, Tuozzolo, Louge - 1997 - Measurements of impact properties of small, nearly spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1147
@article{cleary0000well,

	author = {Cleary, P. W.},
	title = {How well do discrete element granular flow models capture the essentials of mixing processes?},
	journal = {Appl. Math. Modelling},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652057},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {995- 1008+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:12},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1148
@article{cleary0000discrete,

	author = {Cleary, P. W.},
	title = {Discrete element modelling of industrial granular flow applications, TASK.},
	journal = {Quarterly - Scientific Bulletin,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652056},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {385-416.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:12},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1149
@article{purutyan0000solve,

	author = {Purutyan, H. and Pittenger, B. H. and Carson, J. W.},
	title = {Solve solids handling problems by retrofitting},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Progress},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Experimental results are presented from the extensive program of drained plane strain compression tests on sand carried out in Grenoble over the last two decades. Systematic analysis of photographs of the deforming specimen allowed for measuring deformations and determining strain fields throughout the test, that is: prior to, at, and after the onset of strain localization. The principles, details and accuracy of the procedure are described, as well as its suitability to properly depict the patterns of deformation. Findings concerning the occurrence and progression of strain localization are discussed. The issues of shear band orientation and thickness are addressed, as well as temporary and persistent complex localization patterns, and the volumetric behaviour inside a band after its formation. The influence of such variables as initial state of the sand (effective stress and relative density), specimen size and slenderness, as well as grain size, is discussed. Copyright ?2004 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	address = {Laboratoire 3S, CNRS-INPG-UJF, Grenoble, France},
	booktitle = {Particulate Systems Analysis 2005,},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652055},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Purutyan, Pittenger, Carson - 1998 - Solve solids handling problems by retrofitting.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.338},
	comment = {Measurement and modelling of a particulate assembly under confined compression
 | 
10.1002/nag.338},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.338},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Stratford-upon-Avon},
	number = {4},
	pages = {27-40+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:12},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Purutyan, Pittenger, Carson - 1998 - Solve solids handling problems by retrofitting.pdf},
	volume = {94},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1150
@proceedings{chung0000integrated,

	title = {An integrated approach for estimation of fragmentation.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Chung, S. H. and Katsabanis, P.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Arznual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652054},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
An integrated approach for estimation of fragmentation.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Orlando, FL.},
	pages = {247-256+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1151
@article{stainforth0000analytical,

	author = {Stainforth, P. T. and Ashley, R. C.},
	title = {An analytical hopper design method for cohesive powders},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The wall stresses and insert load in a two-dimensional flat-bottomed bin with a flow corrective insert were investigated. The static wall stress distributions produced by the granular solids were measured and compared with the theoretical prediction using the differential slice method. The variations in the dynamic wall stresses and the dynamic response of the insert load with time were obtained. The comparison of the experimental insert load to the theoretical prediction was demonstrated. In addition, the effect of the flow corrective insert upon the wall stress and insert load was investigated. As the insert half-angle increases, the effect of disrupting the contact force network above the insert decreases, and the insert load produced by the granular solids increases. Employing the results obtained using stress measurements, the pulsation phenomena of wall stress and insert load in a bin with a triangle flow corrective insert may be further understood.},
	address = {National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; Sun Crown King Taro ICE City, No. 47. Wen-Hua Road, Hsi-An Tsun, Jia-shian Hsiang, Kaohsung Hsiem, Taiwan},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652053},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Stainforth, Ashley - 1973 - An analytical hopper design method for cohesive powders.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200400958},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ppsc.200400958},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {215-243+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Stainforth, Ashley - 1973 - An analytical hopper design method for cohesive powders.pdf},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1152
@article{men0000capillary,

	author = {Men, Y. and Zhang, X. and Wang, W.},
	title = {Capillary liquid bridges in atomic force microscopy: formation, rupture, and hysteresis},
	journal = {The Journal of chemical physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can work in a variety of environment with different humidities. When the tip of AFM approaches a sample, the measured adhesion force would be significantly affected by the presence of nanometer-sized liquid bridge. The formation and rupture of liquid bridges can occur either through equilibrium or nonequilibrium process. In this work, the liquid bridges are assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding vapor medium. To study theoretically the stability of liquid bridge, a constraint is added into the lattice density functional theory to stabilize a series of bridges with different radii at a given tip-substrate distance. With the help of the constraint, we can identify not only stable and metastable states but also transition states for the formation and rupture of liquid bridges. Using this constrained method we calculate the energy barriers involved in the formation and rupture of the liquid bridges, respectively, and then discuss their stability as well as the origin of the hysteresis behavior observed with atomic force microscope measurements. On the whole, the calculated force-distance curves are found to be qualitatively in agreement with experimental observations. The energy barriers for the formation and rupture of liquid bridges are also analyzed as a function of tip-sample distance, humidity, and tip-fluid interaction.},
	address = {Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652052},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Men, Zhang, Wang - 2009 - Capillary liquid bridges in atomic force microscopy formation, rupture, and hysteresis.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033103210\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-40FGBW5-8/2/4eb351685baa25e0ed5a60d63c9a8527},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {18},
	pages = {184702-184702+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Men, Zhang, Wang - 2009 - Capillary liquid bridges in atomic force microscopy formation, rupture, and hysteresis.pdf},
	volume = {131},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1153
@article{askegaard0000applicability,

	author = {Askegaard, V.},
	title = {Applicability of normal and shear stress cells embedded in cohesionless materials},
	journal = {Experimental Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The objective of this paper is the measurement of dynamic effects and bulk solid flow profiles in silos using the optical method Particle Image Velocimetry. A sequence of digital images of the moving bulk solid next to the wall in a model silo is analysed. The frame rate between consecutive images and the calculated displacements of particles lead to velocity profiles. The fluctuation of local velocities with time is determined with this method providing insight into the dynamic behavior of the flowing bulk solid. The fluctuations of bulk solids motion lead to changes of the wall stresses measured in a model silo with special load cells. The velocity measurements are combined with stress measurements at the silo walls. The experimental results are compared with results from numerical simulations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652051},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard - 1995 - Applicability of normal and shear stress cells embedded in cohesionless materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-4GR8N5R-1/2/10de0c47cbdf99f260726faf8ff9f126},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-47W5NP0-4/2/c959be619cae0f03d76e97387614eba5},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.020},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discharge, image, jin, jps, measurements, oois, particle, piv, powder, silo, velocimetry, velocity},
	number = {4},
	pages = {315-321+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Askegaard - 1995 - Applicability of normal and shear stress cells embedded in cohesionless materials.pdf},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discharge,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		velocimetry,
		velocity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1154
@article{mikami0000numerical,

	author = {Mikami, T. and Kamiya, H. and Horio, M.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of cohesive powder behavior in a fluidized bed},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The flow patterns and stresses on the wall in a moving granular bed with eccentric discharge were investigated experimentally. The flow pattern histories of granular solids in the moving bed were recorded using a digital camcorder. The image processing system included a frame grabber. A new pressure gauge for simultaneously measuring the normal and shear stresses of granular solids was used. During filling the granular material, the variations in stresses acting on the side walls with time in a granular bed were observed. Also, the dynamic wall stresses were obtained during the eccentric discharge. Employing the results obtained by stress measurements and image processing, the pressure pulsation phenomena in a moving granular bed may be understood further.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652050},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mikami, Kamiya, Horio - 1998 - Numerical simulation of cohesive powder behavior in a fluidized bed.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-003-0138-6},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/s10035-003-0138-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-003-0138-6},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {129-134+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mikami, Kamiya, Horio - 1998 - Numerical simulation of cohesive powder behavior in a fluidized bed.pdf},
	volume = {5},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1155
@article{li0000flow,

	author = {Li, J. and Langston, P. A. and Li, J. and Webb, C. and Dyakowski, T.},
	title = {Flow of sphero-disc particles in rectangular hoppers-a DEM and experimental comparison in 3D},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652049},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li et al. - 2004 - Flow of sphero-disc particles in rectangular hoppers-a DEM and experimental comparison in 3D.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430500197868},
	comment = {PDF, SANDPILE
 | 
Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness and strength - natural and crushed sands -
 | 
[1]
[1]
doi:10.1080/14786430500197868},
	doi = {10.1080/14786430500197868},
	old_keywords = {3d, aarons, arch, behavior, database, dem, flow, hopper, jin, jps, oois, particle, piv, powder, rectangular, sphero-disc},
	location = {Atlanta},
	number = {24},
	pages = {5917-5929+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	school = {Georgia Institute of Technology,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Li et al. - 2004 - Flow of sphero-disc particles in rectangular hoppers-a DEM and experimental comparison in 3D.pdf},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		3d,
		aarons,
		arch,
		dem,
		flow,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		rectangular,
		spherodisc,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1156
@misc{cho0000particle_2,


	abstract = {The size and shape of soil particles reflect the formation history of the grains. In turn, the macroscale behavior of the soil mass results from particle level interactions which are affected by particle shape. Sphericity, roundness and smoothness characterize different scales associated to particle shape. New experimental data and data from previously published studies are gathered into two databases to explore the effects of particle shape on packing as well as small and large-strain properties of sandy soils. Data analysis shows that increased particle irregularity (angularity and/or eccentricity) leads to: an increase in emax and emin, a decrease in stiffness yet with increased sensitivity to the state of stress, an increase in compressibility under zero-lateral strain loading, and an increase in critical state friction angle φcs and intercept Γ with a weak effect on slope λ. Therefore, particle shape emerges as a significant soil index property that needs to be properly characterized and documented, particularly in clean sands and gravels. The systematic assessment of particle shape will lead to a better understanding of sand behavior.},
	author = {Cho, G. C. and Dodds, J. and Santamarina, J. C.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652048},
	comment = {G},
	old_keywords = {angle, compression, critical, database, friction, index, jin, oois, parameters, particle, roundness, sands, shape, small, sphericity, state, stiffness, strain, strength},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	series = {Internal Report - Georgia Institute of Technology},
	title = {Particle Shape Effects on Packing Density, Stiffness and Strength –Natural and Crushed Sands-},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		friction,
		jin,
		oois,
		particle,
		roundness,
		sand,
		shape,
		sphericity,
		stiffness,
		strain,
		strength,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1157
@article{cheng0000discrete,

	author = {Cheng, Y. P. and Bolton, M. D. and Nakata, Y.},
	title = {Discrete element simulation of crushable soil},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652047},
	comment = {Cited By: 10, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {analysis, compressibility, crushing-crushability, database, jin, modelling, numerical, oois, particle, sands, shear, statistical, strength},
	number = {7},
	pages = {633+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		crush,
		jin,
		model,
		numeric,
		oois,
		particle,
		sand,
		shear,
		statistics,
		strength,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1158
@article{cheng0000advancement,

	author = {Cheng, Y. M.},
	title = {Advancement and improvements in discontinuous deformation analysis},
	journal = {Computational Geotechnics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652046},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {153 - 163+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1159
@article{chen0000lattice,

	author = {Chen, S. and Doolen, G.},
	title = {Lattice Boltzmann method for fluid-flows},
	journal = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652045},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {329-364+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1160
@article{ristow0000forces,

	author = {Ristow, G. and Herrmann, H. J.},
	title = {Forces on the walls and stagnation zones in a hopper filled with granular material},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A detailed nonlinear finite-element analysis is undertaken of the wall pressures exerted by iron ore pellets in a full-scale silo experiment. The ring stiffeners on the exterior of the silo wall cause local small axisymmetric geometric imperfections, and the effect of these on the pressure predictions is explored, together with its sensitivity to the chosen bulk solid constitutive model. This paper focuses on the filling pressures alone, because these are a necessary starting point if discharge pressure predictions are to be made with confidence.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652044},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ristow, Herrmann - 1995 - Forces on the walls and stagnation zones in a hopper filled with granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35021023},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1058/1},
	comment = {PDF, FEM, SILO
 | 
0028-0836
10.1038/35021023
10.1038/35021023},
	doi = {10.1038/35021023},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {474-481+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ristow, Herrmann - 1995 - Forces on the walls and stagnation zones in a hopper filled with granular material.pdf},
	volume = {213},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1161
@article{kohonen0000capillary,

	author = {Kohonen, M. M.},
	title = {On capillary bridges in wet granular materials},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A method for tracking ensembles of particle images of a digital PIV record by making use of the  ” minimum quadratic difference” (MQD) technique is described. The similarity of this method with correlation schemes used for the evaluation of PIV is discussed. The method is exemplified with two applications that are also evaluated by auto- and cross-correlation, respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652043},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kohonen - 2004 - On capillary bridges in wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189049},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-4FR3NNN-4/2/ec88d34203fafc52564a10e32ff94dfb},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1007/BF00189049},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00189049},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, capillary, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, liquid, materials, oois, piv, powder, sandcastles, wet},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {7-15+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kohonen - 2004 - On capillary bridges in wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {339},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		material,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		sandcastle,
		wet,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1162
@article{tsuji0000discrete_1,

	author = {Tsuji, Y. and Kawaguchi, T. and Tanaka, T.},
	title = {Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Silo failures are relatively common in many countries and represent a source of significant economic loss. A better understanding of the properties of the stored materials and of their interaction with the structure is important for improved design. Numerical methods show great promise in the study of this interaction and considerable advances have been made in recent years. This paper presents a survey of the numerical methods used and summarizes some recent studies of the pressure distributions in silos. Comparisons with existing theories are also made. Some implications for the structural design of silos of recent research on silo pressures are outlined.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652042},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsuji, Kawaguchi, Tanaka - 1993 - Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {79-87+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tsuji, Kawaguchi, Tanaka - 1993 - Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed.pdf},
	volume = {77},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1163
@article{karlsson0000finite,

	author = {Karlsson, T. and Klisinski, M. and Runesson, K.},
	title = {Finite element simulation of granular material flow in plane silos with complicated geometry},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A thin cylindrical shell structure which is subjected to local or unsymmetrical loading often displays a very complex pattern of response, involving multiple alternative potential failure conditions in different parts of the structure. The loading may therefore need to be defined with great precision. In the field of silo structures, it is widely recognised that such local loads often exist, but experimental observations of the patterns of load are very difficult to obtain because of the expense of instrumentation and the need to use full-scale testing to avoid granular solid scale errors.This paper presents a newly developed technique which permits these local unsymmetrical load patterns to be determined in a much more cost-effective way. In addition, because the loading is deduced from the structural response, the method has an inherent robustness in that when the deduced loadings are generalised and used to predict a structural response, it is more likely to be close to the real response. The same cannot be said for loading patterns deduced from single discrete observations of loading with imaginative interpolations between them, which form the basis of most current design rules.The paper describes a rigorous procedure for inferring the complete pressure distribution from a large body of strain observations on the silo wall. The method is outlined and a simple practical example, involving unsymmetrical loads, is used to explore the effect of observation errors on the inferred pressures. A sample set of pressures in a specially built full-scale test silo under eccentric solids discharge is also derived.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652041},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Karlsson, Klisinski, Runesson - 1998 - Finite element simulation of granular material flow in plane silos with complicated geometry.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V59-3WWCCF6-7/2/ae212016e28d9754b43ed5c0cded1fbc},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {29-39+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Karlsson, Klisinski, Runesson - 1998 - Finite element simulation of granular material flow in plane silos with complicated geometry.pdf},
	volume = {99},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1164
@article{kadanoff0000scaling,

	author = {Kadanoff, L. P. and Nagel, S. R. and Wu, L. and Zhou, S.},
	title = {Scaling and universality in avalanches},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure displacement patterns beneath strip footings in sand was described. The PIV removed the need for discrete target markers by tracking the inherent texture of soil grains through a series of images. The high resolution digital camera was used to record images at discrete time intervals before each image was divided into a mesh of PIV patches. The predicted and measured contours of lateral displacement results show that the measured lateral movements are larger than the predictions. The PIV also predicted the limitations of constitutive soil models in geotechnical boundary value problems.},
	address = {Dept. of Civ./Resource Engineering, University of Western Australia},
	booktitle = {BGA International Conference on Foundations, Innovations, Observations, Design and Practice},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652040},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kadanoff et al. - 1989 - Scaling and universality in avalanches.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042769698\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-3VV736X-6/2/23d3d80a12040608fb18855288957037},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 2
Export Date: 4 December 2008
Source: Scopus
 | 
Measurement and prediction of deformation patterns beneath strip footings in sand},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, s\_luding},
	number = {12},
	pages = {6524-6537+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:11},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kadanoff et al. - 1989 - Scaling and universality in avalanches.pdf},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		hardcopyluding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1165
@article{megiasalguacil0000analysis,

	author = {Megias-Alguacil, D. and Gauckler, L. J.},
	title = {Analysis of the capillary forces between two small solid spheres binded by a convex liquid bridge},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The flow around a fixed cylinder immersed in a uniform granular flow is studied experimentally. Experiments are performed in a tall vertical chute producing a quasi two-dimensional granular flow. A storage bin at the top of the chute feeds glass particles into the channel while the mean velocity of the flow is controlled by varying the exit width of a hopper located at the channel bottom. Measurements of the drag force acting on a fixed cylinder are made using a strain gauge force measurement system. The flow velocity field is measured through a transparent wall using a particle image velocimetry analysis of high speed video recordings of the flow. Experiments are performed for a range of upstream particle velocities, cylinder diameters, and two sizes of glass particles. For the range of velocities studied, the mean drag force acting on the cylinder is independent of the mean flow velocity, contrary to what is expected from any ordinary fluid. The drag force increases with cylinder diameter and decreases with particle diameter. The drag force scales with the asymptotic static stress state in a tall granular bed. The drag coefficient, defined in terms of a dynamic pressure and an effective cylinder diameter, scales with the flow Froude number based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel. This analysis indicates that the drag acting on the cylinder is strongly affected by the surrounding channel geometry. Although the drag force on the cylinder does not change with the upstream flow velocity, the flow streamlines do change with velocity. A large stagnation zone forms at the leading edge of the cylinder while at the trailing edge an empty wake is observed. The wake size increases with flow velocity. Measurements of the flow vorticity and granular temperature are also presented and discussed. {\copyright}2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	booktitle = {Particle Image Velocimetry},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652039},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Megias-Alguacil, Gauckler - 2010 - Analysis of the capillary forces between two small solid spheres binded by a convex liquid bridge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_6},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/15/1622/1},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_6},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, drag, external, flow, flows, granular, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, vortices},
	number = {2},
	pages = {211-218+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Megias-Alguacil, Gauckler - 2010 - Analysis of the capillary forces between two small solid spheres binded by a convex liquid bridge.pdf},
	volume = {198},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		drag,
		flow,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		vortex,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1166
@phdthesis{chappel0000mechanics,

	author = {Chappel, B. A.},
	title = {The Mechanics of Blocky Material},
	school = {Australian National University.,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652038},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The Mechanics of Blocky Material},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1167
@article{chang0000incremental,

	author = {Chang, C. S. and Misra, A. and Xue, J.},
	title = {Incremental stress-strain relationships for regular packings made of multi-sized particles.},
	journal = {Int. J. Solid and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652037},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {6},
	pages = {665-681.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {25},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1168
@article{chang0000application,

	author = {Chang, C. S. and Misra, A.},
	title = {Application of uniform strain theory to heterogeneous granular solids.},
	journal = {J. Eng. Mech. ASCE},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652036},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {10},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {116},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1169
@article{chang0000computer,

	author = {Chang, C. S. and Misra, A.},
	title = {Computer simulation and modelling of mechanical properties of particulates},
	journal = {Computers and Geotech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652035},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {269-287+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1170
@book{chang0000micromechanical,

	author = {Chang, C. S.},
	title = {Micromechanical modelling of constitutive relations for granular material.},
	publisher = {In Micromechanics of Granular Materials, Satake, M. and J.T. Jenkins (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 271-278.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652034},
	comment = {NO  PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1171
@article{ooi0000statistical,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M. and Zhong, Z.},
	title = {A statistical evaluation of filling and discharging pressures on silo walls},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The probability distributions of contact forces in packings of polystyrene spheres are experimentally measured. The force distribution is found to be independent of the sphere size and the applied load, but is a strong function of the packing structure. The force distribution function transforms from a monotonically decreasing form to a peaked form as the packing structure changes from a random to a hexagonal-close-packed morphology. The force distributions in both cases can be described accurately by the same family of theoretical curves predicted by a theory based on statistical physics concepts. Keywords: Granular materials; Statistical mechanics; Entropy; Elasticity; Contact mechanics; Random materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652033},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter, Zhong - Unknown - A statistical evaluation of filling and discharging pressures on silo walls.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v56/p1976},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-4CVWRJY-4/2/4e4cbd3b2c8b44a931f28977050175fe},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Copyright (C) 2008 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.56.1976},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1976+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter, Zhong - Unknown - A statistical evaluation of filling and discharging pressures on silo walls.pdf},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1172
@article{gudehus0000behaviour,

	author = {Gudehus, G. and Kolymbas, D. and Tejchman, J.},
	title = {Behaviour of granular materials in cylindrical silos},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652032},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gudehus, Kolymbas, Tejchman - 1986 - Behaviour of granular materials in cylindrical silos.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v89/e244301},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.244301},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {81-90+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gudehus, Kolymbas, Tejchman - 1986 - Behaviour of granular materials in cylindrical silos.pdf},
	volume = {48},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1173
@article{campbell0000large,

	author = {Campbell, C. S. and Cleary, P. W. and Hopkins, M. A.},
	title = {Large scale landslide simulations: Global deformation, velocities and basal friction},
	journal = {J, Geophys. Res.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652031},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {B5},
	pages = {8267-8283.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {100},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1174
@article{campbell0000computer_1,

	author = {Campbell, C. S. and Brennen, C. E.},
	title = {Computer simulation of granular shear flows.},
	journal = {J. Fluid Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652030},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {167-188+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {151},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1175
@book{campbell0000computer_2,

	author = {Campbell, C. S. and Brennen, C. E.},
	title = {Computer simulation of shear flows of granular material.},
	publisher = {In Mechanics of Granular Materialsr New Models and Constitutive Relations, Jenkins, J.T. and Satake, M., eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 313-326.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652029},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1176
@book{campbell0000boundary_1,

	author = {Campbell, C. S.},
	title = {Boundary interactions for two-dimensional granular flows: asymmetric stress and couple stress.},
	publisher = {In Micrornechanics of Granular Materials, Satake, M. and J.T. Jenkins (Eds.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 163 - 173.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652028},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1177
@article{thornton0000numerical_3,

	author = {Thornton},
	title = {Numerical Simulations of the Direct Shear Test},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Numerical simulations of the direct shear test have been performed under constant normal stress conditions, using the Discrete Element Method. Results are presented to show how the average shear to normal stress ratio acting on the shear band compares with the force data at the boundaries. From the calculations of the stress tensor inside the shear band the corresponding Mohr?s circles are obtained and the principal stress directions identified. The principal directions of stress and strain-rate are shown to be coaxial under steady-state conditions. Using the state of stress and strain in the shear band, the interpretation of direct shear test data is discussed in the context of traditional experimental measurements.},
	address = {School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652027},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390022},
	comment = {10.1002/ceat.200390022},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.200390022},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {153-156+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200390022},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1178
@book{butkovich0000insights,

	author = {Butkovich, T. R. and Walton, O. R. and Heuze, F. E.},
	title = {Insights in cratering phenomenology provided by discrete element modelling},
	publisher = {In Key Questions in Rock Mechanics, Cundall, P.A. et al. (Eds.), Balkema, Rotterdam, 359-368.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652026},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1179
@book{burington0000handbook,

	author = {Burington, R. S.},
	title = {Handbook of Mathematical Tables and Fonnulas.},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill, 4th edition.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652025},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1180
@book{burchell0000analysis,

	author = {Burchell, S. L.},
	title = {Analysis of High Speed Films at the B\&LS Coal Mine. Internal Communication},
	publisher = {ICI Explosives, USA.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652024},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1181
@article{tordesillas0000bridging,

	author = {Tordesillas, A. and Walsh, S. D. C. and Gardiner, B. S.},
	title = {Bridging the Length Scales: Micromechanics of Granular Media},
	journal = {BIT Numerical Mathematics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {0022-3727 <P>Dynamic phenomena during discharge of a silo are not well understood. This study uses a dual approach to quantify the motion of both the particulate solid at the wall of a model silo and the wall itself. The motion of particles was recorded visually using a digital CCD camera. The particles are seen to move with an intermittent motion. Image analysis techniques were then applied to obtain quantitative measurements of the particulate velocity. In relation to the particle motion, the silo walls were observed to vibrate during discharge. These vibrations were measured using a laser vibrometer to obtain independent measurements of the radial displacement and velocity. This enabled comparisons to be made between the particulate motion and the wall vibrations. Results are presented for barley and for polyethylene terephthalate pellets.</P>},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652023},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tordesillas, Walsh, Gardiner - 2004 - Bridging the Length Scales Micromechanics of Granular Media.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
0022-3727-37-19-022},
	old_keywords = {band, database, dem, element, granu-, internal, jin, jps, lar, materials, method, micropolar, microstructure, nite, oois, powder, shear, theory, variable},
	number = {3},
	pages = {539-556+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:10},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Tordesillas, Walsh, Gardiner - 2004 - Bridging the Length Scales Micromechanics of Granular Media.pdf},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		band,
		dem,
		granular,
		internal,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micropolar,
		microstructure,
		oois,
		powder,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1182
@article{guaita0000numerical,

	author = {Guaita, M.},
	title = {Numerical Simulation of Wall Pressure during Discharge of Granular Material from Cylindrical Silos with Eccentric Hoppers},
	journal = {Biosystems Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652022},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Guaita - 2003 - Numerical Simulation of Wall Pressure during Discharge of Granular Material from Cylindrical Silos with Eccentric Hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys129},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
1745-2473
10.1038/nphys129
10.1038/nphys129},
	doi = {10.1038/nphys129},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {101-109+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Guaita - 2003 - Numerical Simulation of Wall Pressure during Discharge of Granular Material from Cylindrical Silos with Eccentric Hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {85},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1183
@article{buckingham0000physically,

	author = {Buckingham, E.},
	title = {On physically similar systems; illustrations of the use of dimensional equations},
	journal = {The Physical Review},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652021},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {345-376.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1184
@proceedings{bryce0000effectiveness,

	title = {Effectiveness and predictability of particle damping},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bryce, L. F. and Eric, M. F. and Steven, E. O.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652020},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/3989/356/1},
	comment = {Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Damping and Isolation
1
 | 
G},
	editor = {Hyde, T. T.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {356-367+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {SPIE},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/3989/356/1},
	volume = {3989},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1185
@book{brown0000principles,

	author = {Brown, R. L. and Richards, J. C.},
	title = {Principles of Powder Mecharrics},
	publisher = {Pergamon Press.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652019},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1186
@article{briscoe0000effects,

	author = {Briscoe, B. J. and Rough, S. L.},
	title = {The effects of wall friction in powder compaction.},
	journal = {Colloids and Sugaces A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652018},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {103-116.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {137},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1187
@article{megiasalguacil0000capillary_2,

	author = {Megias-Alguacil, D. and Gauckler, L. J.},
	title = {Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge},
	journal = {Colloid and Polymer Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper reviews the use of established contact mechanics as a means of modelling particle wall interactions particularly wall friction. The contact mechanical solutions adopted are first order and when these are combined with simple models of the particle-wall morphology they provide a means of predicting the wall traction and its variation with the average normal stress. These models are applied to the results obtained from three particle-wall studies and are shown to provide a reasonable account of the data.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652017},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Megias-Alguacil, Gauckler - 2009 - Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444P9N3-P9/2/366e3ccbd8eae03174dc0dfd1a31074e},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, capillary, database, dem, forces, jin, jps, liquid, meniscus, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {133-139+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Megias-Alguacil, Gauckler - 2009 - Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge.pdf},
	volume = {288},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		dem,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		meniscus,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1188
@incollection{schulze0000powders,

	author = {Schulze, D.},
	title = {Powders and Bulk Solids},
	booktitle = {Powders and Bulk Solids},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present a statistical analysis of avalanches of granular materials that partially fill a slowly rotated horizontal drum. For large sized noncohesive grains the classical coherent oscillation is reproduced, consisting of a quasi-periodic succession of regularly sized avalanches. As the powder cohesiveness is increased by decreasing the particle size, we observe a gradual crossover to a complex dynamics that resembles the transitional behaviour observed in fusion plasmas. For particle size below \&sim;50\&\#160;\&\#181;m, avalanches lose a characteristic size, retain a short term memory and turn gradually decorrelated in the long term as described by a Markov process. In contrast, large grains made cohesive by coating them with adhesive microparticles display a distinct phenomenology, characterized by a quasi-regular succession of well defined small precursors and large relaxation events. The transition from a one-peaked distribution (noncohesive large beads) to a flattened distribution (fine cohesive beads) passing through the two-peaked distribution of cohesive large beads had already been predicted using a coupled-map lattice model, as the relaxation mechanism of grain reorganization becomes dominant to the detriment of inertia.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652016},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schulze - 2007 - Powders and Bulk Solids.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
1742-5468
 | 
1742-5468-2006-07-P07015
 | 
978-3-540-73767-4},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	number = {07},
	pages = {405-437+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Schulze - 2007 - Powders and Bulk Solids.pdf},
	volume = {2006},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1189
@article{brenner0000general,

	author = {Brenner, H.},
	title = {A general theory of Taylor dispersion phenomena.},
	journal = {PhysicoChem. Hydrodyn.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652015},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {91-123.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1190
@article{brenner0000dispersion,

	author = {Brenner, H.},
	title = {Dispersion resulting from flow through spatially periodic porous media.},
	journal = {Phil. Trans.Roy. Sot. Lond.A297.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652014},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {133+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1191
@book{bray0000boundary,

	author = {Bray, J. W.},
	title = {Boundary Element and Linked Methods for Underground Excavation Design.},
	publisher = {Analytical and Computational Methods in Engineering Rock Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652013},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	editor = {Brown, E. T.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {164-202.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1192
@article{braun0000simple,

	author = {Braun, O. M.},
	title = {Simple Model of Microscopic Rolling Friction},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652012},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/e126104},
	old_keywords = {database, dynamics, friction, jin, lubricants, method, molecular, oois, rolling},
	number = {12},
	pages = {126104+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/e126104},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		friction,
		jin,
		lubrication,
		molecule,
		oois,
		rolling,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1193
@article{kendall0000adhesion,

	author = {Kendall, K.},
	title = {The adhesion and surface energy of elastic solids},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents the results of a programme of experimental work designed to assess the industrial significance of plate hardness in hopper and silo construction upon the obtaining of reliable flow of hard bulk solids from the vessel. Previously, it has generally been thought that plate finish is the dominant effect in determining frictional characteristics, and no attention has been given to the effect of plate hardness. However this programme has shown that the effect of plate hardness can in practice be quite significant, to the extent that choosing increased plate hardness can reduce the steepness of the hopper wall needed for reliable discharge and hence the headroom requirement for the vessel.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652011},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kendall - 1971 - The adhesion and surface energy of elastic solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V57-41NTB2H-6/2/31d91c8f84652f607ff9702fa7959af5},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 3
Export Date: 24 February 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {March},
	pages = {1186-1195+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:09},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Kendall - 1971 - The adhesion and surface energy of elastic solids.pdf},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1194
@article{richefeu0000force,

	author = {Richefeu, V. and {S., M.} and Az\~{A}{\copyright}ma, E. and Radja\~{A}¯, F.},
	title = {Force transmission in dry and wet granular media},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, JCMB King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652010},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu et al. - 2009 - Force transmission in dry and wet granular media.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030648010\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Achieving reliable flow from existing hoppers: Strategy for selecting The solution
 | 
11554312 (ISSN)
Cited By (since 1996): 72
Export Date: 15 March 2007
Source: Scopus
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Wittmer, J.P.; Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Edinburgh; JCMB King's Buildings; Mayfield Road Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
References: Jotaki, T., Moriyama, R., (1979) J. Soc. Powder Technol. Jpn, 60, p. 184; Smid, J., Novosad, J., (1981) Ind. Chem. Eng. Symp., 63, pp. 1-3. , Proc. of 1981 Powtech Conference; Hong, B.C., (1993) Phys. Rev. E., 47, p. 760; Huntley, J., (1993) Phys. Rev. E., 48, p. 4099; Edwards, S.F., Oakeshott, R.B., (1989) Physica D, 38, p. 88; Edwards, S.F., Mounfield, G.G., (1996) Physica A, 226, pp. 1-12; Bouchaud, J.-P., Gates, M.E., Claudin, P., (1995) J. Phys. II France, 5, p. 639; Bagster, D.F., Kirk, R., (1985) J. Powder Bulk Solids Tech., 1, p. 19; Liffman, K., Chan, D.Y., Hughes, B.D., (1992) Powder Technol., 72, p. 225; (1994) Powder Technol., 78, p. 263; Nedderman, R.M., (1992) Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials, , Cambridge University Press; Sokolovskii, V.V., (1965) Statics of Granular Materials, , Pergamon, Oxford; Drescher, A., (1991) Analytical Methods in Bin-Load Analysis, , Elsevier, Amsterdam; Wood, D.M., (1990) Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics, , Cambridge University Press; Bagnold, R.A., (1941) The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, , Methuen, London; Bouchaud, J.-P., Gates, M.E., Prakash, J.R., Edwards, S.F., (1994) J. Phys. I France, 4, p. 1383; (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, p. 1982; In reference [7] a family of nonlinear models are produced in which a velocity-like paramcter V is considered to be a function of the shear stress. The OSL model can be viewed as the limit in which V(o\~{}zx) approaches a step function (giving a positive or negative constant value according to the sign of x); Trollope, D.H., Proc. 4th Int. Conf., , The Stability of Wedges of Granular Materials, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne (1956); S. M. and F. E., London 2 (1957) 383; Jenkin, C.F., (1931) Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 131, p. 53; Trollope, D.H., (1968) "Rock Mechanics in Engineering Practice", , K.G. Stagg and O.G. Zienkiewicz, Eds. John Wiley, NY, Ch. 9; If support deflection were important, one would not expect RSF scaling as denned below. (The elasticity of the support introduces a length scale just as that of particles would do.); Liu, C.H., Nagel, S.R., Schecter, D.A., Coppersmith, S.N., Majumdar, S., Narayan, O., Witten, T.A., (1995) Science, 269, p. 513; de Gennes P.G., private communication; Claudin, P., Bouchaud, J.-P., Wittmer, J.P., Gates, M.E., to be published; Cundall, P.A., Strack, O.D., (1975) Geotechnique, 29, p. 47. , in "Micromechanics of Granular Materials", M. Satake and J.T. Jenkins, Eds. (Elsevier Amsterdam, 1987); Thornton C. and Barnes D.J., Acta Mech. 64 (1986) 46; Buchholtz, V., Poeschel, T., (1994) Physica A, 202, p. 390. , Poeschel T. and Buchholtz V., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 3963; Zhuang, X., Didwania, A.D., Goddard, J.D., (1995) J. Com. Phys., 121, p. 331; Buchholtz, V., Wittmer, J.P., Gates, M.E., Preparation.; note; Eibl, J., Landahl, H., Haussler, U., Gladen, W., (1982) Beton-und Stahlbetonbau, 77, p. 104. , Eibl J. and Dahlhaus F., Proc. 3rd Euro. Symp.: Storage and Flow of Particulate Solids, PARTEC Nu?rnberg (1995) 219; Ooi J.Y. and Rotter J.M., Computers and Structures 37 (1990) 361; Ooi J.Y., Chen J.F., Lohnes R.A. and Rotter J.M., Construction and Building Materials 10 (1996) 109; Aribert J.M. and Ragneau E., Second European Symposium on Stress and Strain in Particulate Solids, CHISA 90, Paper No 1669, Prague (1990); Rotter, J.M., Ooi, J.Y., Chen, J.F., Tiley, P.J., Mackintosh, I., Bennet, F.R., (1995) Flow Pattern Measurement in Full Scale Silos, p. 230. , British Materials Handling Board Publication, (ISBN 094 6637 091); Ooi J.Y. and Rotter J.M., Proc. Int. Conf. Bulk Materials - Towards the Year 2000 (Inst. Mech. Eng., London, 1991) p. 281; Ooi J.Y., Soh W.C., Zhong Z. and Rotter J.M., Proc. Int. Symp.: Reliable Flow of Particulate Solids II, EFchE Pubs. Ser. No. 96 (1993) p. 75; Chen, Y.C., Ishibashi, I., Jenkins, J.T., (1988) Geotechnique, 38, pp. 25-33. , and references therein; IUTAM Symp. on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials; P.A. Vermeer and H.J. Luger, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1982); Rothenberg L., Bathurst R.J. and Duesseault M.B., in "Powders and Grains" Biarez and Gourves, Eds. (Baikenia Rotterdam, 1989); Wittmer, J.P., Claudin, P., Gates, M.E., Bouchaud, J.-P., (1996) Nature, 382, p. 336. , An explanation of the central stress minimum in sandpiles; A simple method for determining the stress components in two dimensions on a particular plane through a point and comparing them with the yield criterion is known as Mohr's circle [10]. Unfortunately, this method forces an unusual sign convention we do not wish to introduce here; Coulomb, C.A., (1986) Mem. Math. Acad. Roy. Sci., 7, p. 343; The tilt axis ^ exactly bisects the angle between the free surface and the vertical (as proved in Sect. 2.2); It turns out that discontinuous derivatives can arise for three values of S: at the outer slope (S = 1); on the central axis of the pile (S = 0); and the point S = SQ where the stress information from the apex of the pile reaches the bottom; examples can be seen in Figure 2a; Obviously one can equally write the scaling ansatz equation (11) as a = gRQ6] where R is the radius measured from the top of the pile and 0 is the angle measured clockwise from the (downwards pointing) z-axis (see Fig. le). This yields the trivial identification Q(?) = 9(S)/?1 + (cS)2; Note that the RSF scaling, while allowing (in two dimensions) a distinction between the construction histories of elements in the right and left halves of the pile, does not permit any distinction between the elements within one half; It might seem that the problem is overdetermined, but two equations (the first of the Eqs. (19, 8)) are automatically identical in a radial stress field; Janssen, H.A., (1895) Z. Vert. Dt. Ing., 39, p. 1045; In the FPA model the tilted axes must be chosen so as to coincide with the principal axes themselves; The IFE model is not a special case of OSL; however it turns out that the term cot(0)i?7 in equation (21) can be checked a posteriori to be rather small for all 5 and <p. Accordingly, the IFE is well approximated by C(U) = rj + XU2 with no term linear in U, and A > 0 (leading to a quadratic hump, as discussed by BCC). This means that IFE is in some sense "close" to the BCC model on the rj, fj, plane (hence its smooth behaviour at the central axis) even though it lies outside the OSL parameterization; Though an analytic proof should be possible, we have so far only checked this numerically; The "Coulomb yield criterion" is the factional analogue of Tresca's criterion [13]. The frictional analogue of von Mises' criterion is the "Conical yield criterion". For a twodimensional problem both criteria are identical. In three dimensions, the failure conditions predicted by these two criteria only differ slightly and the stresses (calculated for instance with an IFE assumption) are predicted to be similar [10]; One argument for this is that grains at the surface cannot be pressed together more in x direction than in r-direction: srr(1) > sxx(1); We are grateful to Prof. V. Entov for suggesting this thought-experiment; Rotter J.M., private communication; Nagel, S.R., (1992) Rev. Mod. Phys., 64, p. 321.
 | 
{El Youssoufi}},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, arch, database, dem, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, granular, jin, jps, materials, mathematical, mechanics, models, oois, physics, piv, porous, powder, propagation, sand, sandpiles, static, stress, stresses},
	location = {London},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {258-263+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {University of Greenwich},
	series = {SHAPA Technical Bulletin No.4},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Richefeu et al. - 2009 - Force transmission in dry and wet granular media.pdf},
	volume = {190},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		arch,
		dem,
		eigenfunction,
		eigenvalue,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		physics,
		piv,
		porosity,
		powder,
		propagation,
		sand,
		sand,pile,
		static,
		stress,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1195
@article{brach0000rigid,

	author = {Brach, R. M.},
	title = {Rigid body collisions.},
	journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652009},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {133-138+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1196
@article{boutt0000discrete,

	author = {Boutt, D. F. and McPherson, B.},
	title = {Discrete Element Models of the Micromechanics of Sedimentary Rock: The Role of Organization vs. Friction},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652008},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {47},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {81},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1197
@proceedings{boutt0000role,

	title = {The role of particle packing in modeling rock mechanical behavior using discrete elements},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Boutt, D. and McPherson, B.},
	booktitle = {Geotechnical Special Publication},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652007},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
W},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {117},
	pages = {86+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1198
@article{bonet0000alternating,

	author = {Bonet, J. and Peraire, J.},
	title = {An alternating digital tree (ADT) algorithm for 3D geometric searching and intersection problems},
	journal = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652006},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1-17+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1199
@article{bolton0000strength,

	author = {Bolton, M. D.},
	title = {The strength and dilatancy of sands},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652005},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {65-78.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1200
@article{bohrnsen0000silo_3,

	author = {B\"{o}hrnsen, J. U. and Antes, H. and Ostendorf, M. and Schwedes, J.},
	title = {Silo Discharge: Measurement and Simulation of Dynamic Behavior in Bulk Solids},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper deals with the experimental investigation and the numerical simulation of silo discharge processes, including dynamic interactions between the silo filling and the elastic silo walls. The discharge process is described by a system of nonlinear differential equations. Via the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on an EULERian reference frame, the deformation rate, the velocity field, the porosity, and the stress distribution can be calculated without the need of re-meshing the FE-grid. To compare simulation results with measured data, the numerical simulation examples are chosen to be similar to an experimental test-silo of the Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering at the Technical University of Braunschweig. Optical measurement techniques are applied to investigate the flow profile, and load cells on the silo walls register the stress evolution, e.g., a stress peak (switch) moving from the outlet to the transition from hopper to shaft.},
	address = {Institute of Applied Mechanics, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstra{\ss}e 11, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 4/5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652004},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200401913},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.200401913},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {71-76+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200401913},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1201
@article{pitman0000forces,

	author = {Pitman, E.},
	title = {Forces on bins: The effect of random friction},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We study the influence of solid friction on the structure of the force network sustaining a regular bidimensional granular piling. We show how the mechanical equations describing local equilibrium may couple naturally with a stochastic variable. A Monte Carlo method is designed to extract the force networks satisfying static equilibrium conditions. A statistical ensemble is constructed and we study some of its structural and stochastic properties. We address, in particular, the question of the vertical load transfer in two different cases i.e. the response to a localized force excess at the top of an horizontal piling and the distribution of forces under a sand pile. Using this very simple mechanical model, we test the validity of the passage to various stochastic descriptions as well as the existence of macroscopic constitutive relations. We also address the question of the influence of a local friction bias on the macroscopic static equilibrium conditions. ?Les E?ditions de Physique 1997.},
	address = {IRPHE, 12 avenue du General Leclerc, 13003 Marseille, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652003},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pitman - 1998 - Forces on bins The effect of random friction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031379729\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Dynamisches Verhalten von Sch\"{u}ttg\"{u}tern beim Entleeren aus Silos
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 37
Export Date: 10 April 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Braunschweiger},
	number = {3},
	pages = {3170-3175+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Technische Universit\"{a}t Braunschweig},
	series = {Braunschweiger Schriften zur Mechanik},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pitman - 1998 - Forces on bins The effect of random friction.pdf},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1202
@article{hong0000numerical_2,

	author = {Hong, T. and Ooi, J. Y. and Shaw, B.},
	title = {A numerical study of the residual stress pattern from single shot impacting on a metallic component},
	journal = {Advances in Engineering Software},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper analyses the influence of grain shape and angularity on the behaviour of granular materials from a two-dimensional analysis by means of a discrete element method (Contact Dynamics). Different shapes of grains have been studied (circular, isotropic polygonal and elongated polygonal shapes) as well as different initial states (density) and directions of loading with respect to the initial fabric. Simulations of biaxial tests clearly show that the behaviour of samples with isotropic particles can be dissociated from that of samples with anisotropic particles. Indeed, for isotropic particles, angularity just tends to strengthen the behaviour of samples and slow down either local or global phenomena. One of the main results concerns the existence of a critical state for isotropic grains characterized by an angle of friction at the critical state, a critical void ratio and also a critical anisotropy. This critical state seems meaningless for elongated grains and the behaviour of samples generated with such particles is highly dependent on the direction of loading with respect to the initial fabric. The study of local variables related to fabric and particle orientation gives more information. In particular, the coincidence of the principal axes of the fabric tensor with those of the stress tensor is sudden for isotropic particles. On the contrary, this process is gradually initiated for elongated particles. Copyright ?2003 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {LTDS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5513, BP 163, 36 Av Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8652002},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hong, Ooi, Shaw - 2008 - A numerical study of the residual stress pattern from single shot impacting on a metallic component.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.314},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
10.1002/nag.314},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.314},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, dynamic, element, jin, jps, nite, oois, peening, piv, powder, residual, shot, stress},
	number = {9},
	pages = {743-756+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hong, Ooi, Shaw - 2008 - A numerical study of the residual stress pattern from single shot impacting on a metallic component.pdf},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		peening,
		piv,
		powder,
		residual,
		shot,
		stress,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1203
@article{sielamowicz0000optical,

	author = {Sielamowicz, I. and Blonski, S. and Kowalewski, T.},
	title = {Optical technique DPIV in measurements of granular material flows, Part 1 of 3-plane hoppers},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652001},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sielamowicz, Blonski, Kowalewski - 2005 - Optical technique DPIV in measurements of granular material flows, Part 1 of 3-plane hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029461919\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;md5=25c0179963cd78e6f4ee8004965b6564},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 47
Export Date: 28 February 2010
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, experiments, flow, granular, jin, jps, materials, oois, optical, ow, particle, piv, plug, powder, technique},
	number = {2},
	pages = {589-598+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Sielamowicz, Blonski, Kowalewski - 2005 - Optical technique DPIV in measurements of granular material flows, Part 1 of 3-plane hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		optics,
		particle,
		piv,
		plug,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1204
@article{biswas0000search,

	author = {Biswas, P. and Majumdar, A. and Mehta, A. and Bhattacharjee, J. K.},
	title = {In search of smooth sandpiles: The Edwards-Wilkinson equation with flow},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8652000},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3SYVHJJ-C/2/b593285566aa708b88de39c918034df1},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {379+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3SYVHJJ-C/2/b593285566aa708b88de39c918034df1},
	volume = {248},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1205
@article{nagel0000force,

	author = {Nagel, S. R. and Blair, D. and Mueggenburg, N. and Marshall, A. and Jaeger, H.},
	title = {Force distributions in three-dimensional granular assemblies: Effects of packing order and interparticle friction},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the mechanical characterization of powders using the direct shear testers such as the Jenike shear cell, the existence of a uniform or well-defined stress field in a powder specimen is assumed. This assumption has not been subjected to any serious scrutiny in the literature. In this study, the normal stress variation in a silica powder was locally determined by locating a pressure-sensitive TekScan pad at the bottom section of a Jenike shear cell. A computer simulation of the consolidation and pre-shearing stages of the Jenike test procedure was performed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The paper presents both experimental and computational evidence for the existence of a complex stress field in the powder specimen, thus clearly invalidating the long-standing stress homogeneity assumption in the direct shear testing of powders. The implications of the stress inhomogeneity in terms of the accuracy of the material properties extracted from the Jenike test are also presented.},
	address = {Particle Engineering Research Center, University of Florida, 205 PS\&T Bldg., P.O. Box 116135, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6135, USA.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651999},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nagel et al. - 2001 - Force distributions in three-dimensional granular assemblies Effects of packing order and interparticle friction.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40917(236)28},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200400942},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior (GSP 173)
40917
 | 
Shear Banding and Microstructure Evolution in 2D Numerical Experiments},
	doi = {10.1061/40917(236)28},
	old_keywords = {aarons, analysis, database, dem, granular, jin, jps, materials, microstructure, numerical, oois, piv, powder, properties, soil},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {ASCE},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Nagel et al. - 2001 - Force distributions in three-dimensional granular assemblies Effects of packing order and interparticle friction.pdf},
	volume = {63},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		microstructure,
		numeric,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1206
@misc{bieniawski0000rock,


	author = {Bieniawski, Z. T.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651998},
	comment = {Rock Mechanics Design in Mining and Tunneling},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Balkema, Rotterdam.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Rock Mechanics Design in Mining and Tunneling},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
	},

}

ref_id = 1207
@proceedings{bicanic0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical Prediction of Concrete Fracture Localization},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bicanic, N. and William, K. J. and Pramono, E.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings NUMETA '85},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651997},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Numerical Prediction of Concrete Fracture Localization},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Swansea, Balkema.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1208
@proceedings{morgan0000capturing,

	title = {Capturing Physical Phenomena in Particle Dynamics Simulations of Granular Fault Gouge},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The authors have compared the results of their own investigations on the flow of granular solids (a.o. a number of seeds) with results published by others. The flow of all the seeds tested through the circular orifices used in the experiments, is represented by the equation},
	author = {Morgan, J. K.},
	booktitle = {3rd ACES Workshop Proceedings},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651996},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2002 - Capturing Physical Phenomena in Particle Dynamics Simulations of Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/124/285/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-44366YC-YM/2/b4b813f79c95def2dc07162eebbf5583},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Capturing Physical Phenomena in Particle Dynamics Simulations of Granular Fault Gouge},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {23-30+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Morgan - 2002 - Capturing Physical Phenomena in Particle Dynamics Simulations of Granular Fault Gouge.pdf},
	volume = {124},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1209
@article{beus0000technology,

	author = {Beus, M. J. and Ruest, M.},
	title = {New technology for hoist conveyance monitoring and analysis},
	journal = {CIM Bulletin},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651995},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 8 March 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {code, conveyance, database, flow, hoist, jin, monitoring, oois, particle, pfc, rope, safety, scms, shaft, system},
	number = {1065},
	pages = {78+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {95},

	keywords = {
		convey,
		flow,
		hoist,
		jin,
		oois,
		particle,
		pfc,
		rope,
		safety,
		shaft,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1210
@article{beus0000application,

	author = {Beus, M. J. and Iverson, S. and Stewart, B.},
	title = {Application of physical modelling and particle flow analysis to evaluate ore pass design},
	journal = {Trans. Inst. Min. Metal. (Sect. A: Mining Industry)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651994},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {110-117+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {106},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1211
@proceedings{bertrand0000modeling,

	title = {DEM modeling of soil geocomposite material for rockfall impact},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bertrand, D. and Nicol, F. and Gotteland, P.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651993},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
DEM modeling of soil geocomposite material for rockfall impact},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1212
@article{berryman0000random,

	author = {Berryman, J. G.},
	title = {Random Close Packing of Hard Spheres and Disks},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651992},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1053-1061.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1213
@article{benziey0000continuum,

	author = {Benziey, S. E. and Krieg, R. D.},
	title = {A Continuum Finite Element Approach for Rock Failure and Rubble Formation},
	journal = {Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651991},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {277-286.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1214
@article{bentley0000multidimensional,

	author = {Bentley, J. L.},
	title = {Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching.},
	journal = {Commun. ACM,},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651990},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:08},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1215
@article{belytschko0000mixed,

	author = {Belytschko, T. B. and Yen, H. J. and Mullen, R.},
	title = {Mixed Method for fime Integration, Computer Methods},
	journal = {Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651989},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {259-275+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1216
@article{belytschko0000meshless,

	author = {Belytschko, T. and Krongauz, Y. and Organ, D. and Fleming, M. and Krysl, P.},
	title = {Meshless methods: an overview and recent developments.},
	journal = {Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651988},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {3-47.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {139},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1217
@article{belytschko0000computational,

	author = {Belytschko, T. and Hughes, T. J. R.},
	title = {Computational Methods For Transient Analysis},
	journal = {Computational Methods in Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651987},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {I},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1218
@proceedings{behringer0000friction,

	title = {Friction and flow in granular materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Behringer, R. P. and Kondic, L. and Metcalfe, G. and Schaeffer, D. and Tennakoon, S. G. K.},
	booktitle = {Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651986},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 12 February 06, Source: Scopus
 | 
N},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {627},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1219
@article{bazant0000nonlocal,

	author = {Bazant, Z. P. and Pijaudier-Cabot, G.},
	title = {Non-local continuum damage, localization instability and convergence.},
	journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651985},
	comment = {NO  PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {287-293.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {55},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1220
@article{baxter0000pattern,

	author = {Baxter, G. W. and Behringer, R. P. and Fagert, T. and Johnson, G. A.},
	title = {Pattern formation in flowing sand},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Using digital subtraction radiography, we study the basic modes of a granular material (here sand) flowing through a flat hopper. These modes take the form of density waves whose formation and propagation is controlled by several parameters, including the mass flow rate M and the hopper angle θ. We consider the effect of roughness on pattern formation in this system using mixtures of smooth and faceted sand and show the existence of a bifurcation at a mass fraction of faceted sand X≊0.2. Propagating patterns form in faceted sand but not in smooth sand of the same size.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651984},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {Issue 24 – 12 June 1989},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1221
@article{baxter0000cellular,

	author = {Baxter, G. W. and Behringer, R. P.},
	title = {Cellular automata models of granular flow},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Simple experiments demonstrate the importance of particle irregularity on the flow of granular materials. We introduce cellular automata to model these flows with rules that are derived from experiments. Automata that model nonspherical particles can reproduce a number of important features of the physical flows, including alignment of the particles, the formation of a complex channel region, the formation of defects in the body of the material, and the overall shape of the upper free surface of the material.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651983},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {Issue 2 – 15 July 1990},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1222
@article{bauer0000effect,

	author = {Bauer, E. and Huang, W.},
	title = {Effect of particle rotations on the interface behaviour between a granular layer and parallel rough plates},
	journal = {Science and Engineering of Composite Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651982},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 26 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {continuum, database, granular, hypoplasticity, jin, layered, localization, material, materials, micro-polar, oois, shear},
	number = {4},
	pages = {239+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		continuum,
		granular,
		hypoplasticity,
		jin,
		layer,
		localization,
		material,
		material,
		micropolar,
		oois,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1223
@proceedings{bauer0000finite,

	title = {Finite element modelling of presplit blasting using measured pressure time curves},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bauer, A. and Fratzos, D.},
	booktitle = {Soc. of Explosive Engineers Annual Meeting},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651981},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Finite element modelling of presplit blasting using measured pressure time curves},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Miami, FL.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1224
@article{bathurst0000observations_1,

	author = {Bathurst, R. J. and Rothenburg, L.},
	title = {Observations on stress-force-fabric relations in idealized granular materials.},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651980},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {65-80.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {9},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1225
@proceedings{bathurst0000investigation,

	title = {Investigation of Micromechanical Features of Idealized Granular Assemblies using DEM},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bathurst, R. J. and Rothenburg, L.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of 1st U.S. Conference on Discrete Element Methods},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651979},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Investigation of Micromechanical Features of Idealized Granular Assemblies using DEM},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Golden, CO.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1226
@article{bathurst0000note,

	author = {Bathurst, R. J. and Rothenburg, L.},
	title = {Note on a Random Isotropic Granular Material with Negative Poisson's Ratio},
	journal = {Int. J. Eng. Sci.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651978},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {4},
	pages = {373+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1227
@article{bathurst0000micromechanical,

	author = {Bathurst, R. J. and Rothenburg, L.},
	title = {Micromechanical aspects of isotropic granular assemblies with linear contact interactions},
	journal = {J. Appl. Mech.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651977},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {17-23+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {55},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1228
@misc{bathe0000finite,


	author = {Bathe, K. J.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651976},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Finite Element Procedures},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Finite Element Procedures},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
	},

}

ref_id = 1229
@article{barr0000global,

	author = {Barr, A.},
	title = {Global and local deformations of solid primitives},
	journal = {Computer Graphics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651975},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {21-30+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1230
@article{barr0000superquadrics,

	author = {Barr, A.},
	title = {Superquadrics and Angle-Preserving Transformations},
	journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651974},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {1-20+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1231
@article{bardet0000asymmetry_2,

	author = {Bardet, J. P. and Vardoulakis, I.},
	title = {The Asymmetry of Stress in Granular Media},
	journal = {Int. J. Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651973},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {353-367+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1232
@proceedings{bardet0000seismic,

	title = {Seismic Stability of Fractured Rock Masses with the Distinct Element Method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bardet, J. P. and Scott, R. F.},
	booktitle = {26th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651972},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Seismic Stability of Fractured Rock Masses with the Distinct Element Method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {139-149+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1233
@article{bardet0000adaptive,

	author = {Bardet, J. P. and Proubet, J.},
	title = {Adaptive dynamic refaxation for statics of granular materials},
	journal = {Computers and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651971},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3/4},
	pages = {221 -229.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1234
@article{bardet0000observations,

	author = {Bardet, J. P.},
	title = {Observations on the effects of particle rotations on the failure of idealized granular materials},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651970},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-47XSX38-5W/2/9dd8a1b47f5ae4fe631798c13bedb0fc},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {2},
	pages = {159+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX6-47XSX38-5W/2/9dd8a1b47f5ae4fe631798c13bedb0fc},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1235
@article{scholtes0000capillary,

	author = {Scholt\`{e}s, L. and Hicher, P. Y. and Nicot, F. and Chareyre, B. and Darve, F.},
	title = {On the capillary stress tensor in wet granular materials},
	journal = {International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Particle Image Velocimetry},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651969},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Scholt\~{A}¨s et al. - 2009 - On the capillary stress tensor in wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_7},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0\_7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, capillary, database, dem, forces, granular, jin, jps, materials, micromechanics, microstructure, oois, piv, powder, unsaturated},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1289-1313+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Scholt\~{A}¨s et al. - 2009 - On the capillary stress tensor in wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {33},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		capillary,
		dem,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		microstructure,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		unsaturated,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1236
@article{bardet0000numerical_3,

	author = {Bardet, J. E. and Proubet, J.},
	title = {A numerical investigation of the structure of persistent shear bands in granular media},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651968},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	pages = {599-613+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1237
@article{gardner0000region,

	author = {Gardner, G.},
	title = {The region of flow when discharging granular materials from bin-hopper systems},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651967},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gardner - 1966 - The region of flow when discharging granular materials from bin-hopper systems.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050704},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
10.1007/s100510050704},
	doi = {10.1007/s100510050704},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {3},
	pages = {261-273+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Gardner - 1966 - The region of flow when discharging granular materials from bin-hopper systems.pdf},
	volume = {21},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1238
@article{goryacheva0000adhesion,

	author = {Goryacheva, I. G.},
	title = {Adhesion effects in contact interaction of solids},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus M\~{A}{\copyright}canique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651966},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goryacheva - 2008 - Adhesion effects in contact interaction of solids.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1342309679\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/83/5732/1},
	comment = {PDF, SHEAR TESTER
 | 
Export Date: 25 February 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, binder, capillary, chemical, compactification, contact, database, de, dem, dynamics, effects, explosions, explosives, flow, granular, interaction, jin, jps, loading, materials, molaculaire, molecular, mots-clas, oois, piv, plastic, polymers, powder, propagation, shock, simulation, stresses, wave},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {118-125+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goryacheva - 2008 - Adhesion effects in contact interaction of solids.pdf},
	volume = {336},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		binder,
		capillary,
		chemical,
		compaction,
		contact,
		dem,
		dynamics,
		explosion,
		explosive,
		flow,
		granular,
		interaction,
		jin,
		jps,
		load,
		material,
		molecule,
		molecule,
		oois,
		piv,
		plastic,
		polymer,
		powder,
		propagation,
		shock,
		stress,
		wave,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1239
@proceedings{barbosa0000discrete,

	title = {Discrete Element Model for Granular Soils},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Barbosa, R. and Ghaboussi, J.},
	booktitle = {In Proceedings of Workshop on Fill Retention Structures},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651965},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discrete Element Model for Granular Soils},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Ottawa, Canada.},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1240
@proceedings{bangash0000modelling,

	title = {Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Beam Failure using Combined FinitelDiscrete Element Method},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Bangash, T. and Munjiza, A. and John, N.},
	booktitle = {Fracture Damage Mechanics Confererlce},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651964},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Beam Failure using Combined FinitelDiscrete Element Method},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Milan},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:07},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1241
@article{zuriguel0000jamming,

	author = {Zuriguel, I. and Garcimart\~{A}­n, A. and Maza, D. and Pugnaloni, L. and Pastor, J.},
	title = {Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651963},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zuriguel et al. - 2005 - Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1-9+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zuriguel et al. - 2005 - Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo.pdf},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1242
@article{zhu0000steadystate_1,

	author = {Zhu, H. P. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Steady-state granular flow in a three-dimensional cylindrical hopper with flat bottom: microscopic analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {28th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651962},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhu, Yu - 2004 - Steady-state granular flow in a three-dimensional cylindrical hopper with flat bottom microscopic analysis.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Physical Modeling of Complex Underground Structures},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1497-1508+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhu, Yu - 2004 - Steady-state granular flow in a three-dimensional cylindrical hopper with flat bottom microscopic analysis.pdf},
	volume = {37},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1243
@article{bagi0000algorithm,

	author = {Bagi, K.},
	title = {An algorithm to generate random dense arrangements for discrete element simulations of granular assemblies},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651961},
	comment = {Cited By: 0, Export Date: 26 January 06, Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {database, dynamics, geometry, jin, microstructure, molecular, oois, packing, simulation},
	number = {1},
	pages = {31+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		geometry,
		jin,
		microstructure,
		molecule,
		oois,
		packing,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1244
@article{zhou0000experimental,

	author = {Zhou, Y.},
	title = {An experimental and numerical study of the angle of repose of coarse spheres},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651960},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhou - 2002 - An experimental and numerical study of the angle of repose of coarse spheres.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {angle, database, dem, discrete, element, granular, jin, jps, material, method, of, oois, powder, repose, sandpile},
	number = {1},
	pages = {45-54+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhou - 2002 - An experimental and numerical study of the angle of repose of coarse spheres.pdf},
	volume = {125},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		discrete,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		powder,
		repose,
		sand,pile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1245
@article{zhou0000numerical_3,

	author = {Zhou, C. and Ooi, J. Y.},
	title = {Numerical investigation of progressive development of granular pile with spherical and non-spherical particles},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651959},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhou, Ooi - 2009 - Numerical investigation of progressive development of granular pile with spherical and non-spherical particles.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {6},
	pages = {707-714+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhou, Ooi - 2009 - Numerical investigation of progressive development of granular pile with spherical and non-spherical particles.pdf},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1246
@article{zhong0000sensitivity_1,

	author = {Zhong, Z. and Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {The sensitivity of silo flow and wall stresses to filling method},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651958},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhong, Ooi, Rotter - 2001 - The sensitivity of silo flow and wall stresses to filling method.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {bulk, database, dem, discharge, filling, flow, handling, jin, jps, oois, ow, patterns, powder, silos, solids, strains, stresses, wall},
	number = {7},
	pages = {756-767+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhong, Ooi, Rotter - 2001 - The sensitivity of silo flow and wall stresses to filling method.pdf},
	volume = {23},

	keywords = {
		bulk,
		dem,
		discharge,
		filling,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		pattern,
		powder,
		silo,
		solid,
		strain,
		stress,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1247
@article{saraber0000investigations,

	author = {Saraber, F. and Enstad, G. G. and Haaker, G.},
	title = {Investigations on the anisotropic yield behaviour of a cohesive bulk solid},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Following the ideas of the two previous papers we consider the problem of a free boundary system, the sandpile. It is argued that some simple model of a sandpile is needed where the angle of repose is at least approximately understood. Such a model is of plates which when deposited on the plate pile will lie parallel to its surface. As the pile grows the information that the interior was earlier on the surface is built into an extension of the equations of the previous papers. These crude equations (which are of first order) are easily solved and the distribution of pressure at the base of the sandpile is in good agreement with what is experimentally observed (the dip in the middle arising due to arches propagating the force in the medium at an angle different to that of the angle of repose).},
	address = {Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651957},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Saraber, Enstad, Haaker - 1991 - Investigations on the anisotropic yield behaviour of a cohesive bulk solid.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0002909677\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
A rigid particle discrete element model for the fracture analysis of plain And reinforced concrete
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 21
Export Date: 17 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Edinburgh},
	number = {3},
	pages = {183-190+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	school = {Heriot-Watt University,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Saraber, Enstad, Haaker - 1991 - Investigations on the anisotropic yield behaviour of a cohesive bulk solid.pdf},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1248
@proceedings{azevedo0000particle,

	title = {Particle shape influcnce on the fracture behavior of concrete},
	year = {EMPTY},

	author = {Azevedo, N. M. and Lemos, J. V.},
	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651956},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Particle shape influcnce on the fracture behavior of concrete},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	location = {Kyoto},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1249
@article{goldenberg0000force_1,

	author = {Goldenberg, C. and Goldhirsch, I.},
	title = {Force Chains, Microelasticity, and Macroelasticity},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A striking attribute of nominally homogeneous, noncohesive granular piles is the wide range of normal forces exerted on the substrate. Presumably the particular distribution of force fluctuations is a consequence of the disorder of the pile. This connection is made for 2D frictionless piles, where the degree of disorder is set by the template of grains placed on the substrate. The intergranular forces are calculated by solving the vertical and horizontal force balance equations at each grain; in the event a tensile force is thereby obtained, that contact force is set equal to zero and the resulting vertical force balance equation is solved. Maximally disordered piles produce a normalized normal-force (weight) distribution P(w)\~{}w exp(-2w), in agreement with a simple theory, while more-ordered piles produce a distribution that decays linearly. In both cases the piles contain high-stress and low-stress "chains" of contacting grains at which compressive stress is concentrated or absent, respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651955},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goldenberg, Goldhirsch - 2002 - Force Chains, Microelasticity, and Macroelasticity.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-49XPC8R-4/2/f277dfe125fcbf2697a8f1c7ab810f5d},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QEM/127/1067/1},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, chain, database, dem, force, granular, jin, jps, oois, piles, piv, powder},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1-4+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Goldenberg, Goldhirsch - 2002 - Force Chains, Microelasticity, and Macroelasticity.pdf},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		chain,
		dem,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		pile,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1250
@book{aubertin0000rock,

	author = {Aubertin, M. and Hassani, F. and Mitri, H. S. and International Society for Rock Mechanics.},
	title = {Rock mechanics : tools and techniques : proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, NARMS '96, a regional conference of ISRM, Montr\'{e}al, Qu\'{e}bec, Canada, 19-21 June 1996},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651954},
	comment = {North American Rock Mechanics Symposium (2nd : 1996 : Montr\'{e}al, Qu\'{e}bec)
edited by Michel Aubertin, Ferri Hassani, Hani Mitri.
NARMS'96
ill., maps ; 24 cm.
v. 1. Keynote presentations. Salt rock mechanics. Ground support. Mine design and ground control. Application of rock mechanics at great depth. Coal mining. Rock mechanics in dynamic environment. Rock slope-open pit geomechanics. Rock blasting. Mechanical breakage of rock. Rock mechanics in dam and hydro projects. Tunnelling in rock. Geophysical techniques. Stress measurement. Petroleum rock mechanics -- v. 2. Wellbore stability. Fracture and discontinuity. Rock joints morphology and mechanics. Crack initiation and propagation. Coupled processes. Flow and transport. Storage and disposal. Instrumentation and testing. Constitutive modelling. Block theory. Stochastic rock mechanics and rock engineering. Numerical modelling. Discrete element methods. Discrete element methods/DDA.
 | 
GEOLOGY TA706 N87 1996 (LC)},
	isbn = {9054108401 (v. 2)},
	old_keywords = {congresses, database, jin, mathematical, mechanics, models, oois, rock},
	location = {Rotterdam ; Brookfield, VT, USA},
	pages = {2 v. (xx, xiii, 2050) p.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		oois,
		rock,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1251
@article{atman0000from,

	author = {Atman, A. P. F. and Brunet, P. and Geng, J. and Reydellet, G. and Claudin, P. and Behringer, R. P. and Cl茅ment, E.},
	title = {From the stress response function (back) to the sand pile "dip"},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal E - Soft Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651953},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1140/epje/i2005-10002-2},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {1},
	pages = {93+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1140/epje/i2005-10002-2},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1252
@misc{ji0000contact,


	abstract = {We present simple models of particulate materials whose mechanical integrity arises from a jamming process. We argue that such media are generically "fragile", that is, they are unable to support certain types of incremental loading without plastic rearrangement. In such models, fragility is naturally linked to the marginal stability of force chain networks (granular skeletons) within the material. Fragile matter exhibits novel mechanical responses that may be relevant to both jammed colloids and cohesionless assemblies of poured, rigid grains.},
	author = {Ji, S. and Shen, H. H.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651952},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ji, Shen - 2004 - Contact Force Models for Granular Flows.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3YGKSSR-18/2/97fd4736adcc77feb82a782580769f10},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444NS75-22/2/3f8654cab9ce2fc9740a49a32965fd38},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Contact Force Models for Granular Flows},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Potsdam, New York},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {1-36+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Contact Force Models for Granular Flows},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ji, Shen - 2004 - Contact Force Models for Granular Flows.pdf},
	volume = {263},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
	},

}

ref_id = 1253
@article{pitois0000liquid,

	author = {Pitois, O. and Moucheront, P. and Chateau, X.},
	title = {Liquid Bridge between Two Moving Spheres: An Experimental Study of Viscosity Effects},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The effects of viscosity on the mechanical response of a liquid bridge are investigated in the case of small amounts of liquid axially strained between two moving spheres. An experimental setup allows the measurement of capillary and viscous forces exerted on the spheres as a function of the spheres separation distance and the spheres velocity. The experimental results are found to be accurately described over a large range in spheres velocity and liquid viscosity by a simple closed-form expression. In addition, the bridge rupture distance is found to increase like the square root of the separation velocity. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651951},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pitois, Moucheront, Chateau - 2000 - Liquid Bridge between Two Moving Spheres An Experimental Study of Viscosity Effects.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34250202909\&\#38;partnerID=40},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 2
Export Date: 11 June 2009
Source: Scopus
Art. No.: S10},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bridge, capillary, database, dem, force, jin, jps, liquid, oois, piv, powder, viscous},
	number = {1},
	pages = {26-31+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Pitois, Moucheront, Chateau - 2000 - Liquid Bridge between Two Moving Spheres An Experimental Study of Viscosity Effects.pdf},
	volume = {231},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bridge,
		capillary,
		dem,
		force,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1254
@article{amuzu0000sliding,

	author = {Amuzu, J. K. A.},
	title = {Sliding friction of some metallic glasses},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The discrete element method (DEM) is becoming widely used to simulate granular flows. This method simulates the individual dynamics of all particles in an assembly by numerically integrating their acceleration resulting from all the contact forces. It is generally recognised that such a complex model must be validated by comparison with experimental results. Indeed the authors have addressed this in earlier publications given in the references. However, one important aspect is often given little attention, and that is testing the code to ensure that the computer program executes the model specification correctly. This paper describes in detail a DEM program for cohesive particle vibration and shows some simple simulations that have helped to verify the code. It is concluded that these 'mathematical tests' on artificial situations can uncover bugs in programs that appear to be running correctly, even if they appear to simulate real experiments reasonably well. These tests are published with the aim of helping others validate their programs in similar applications. The paper also discusses the widely used simplification of particle-particle interactions by Hooke's law and suggests that its validity depends upon the application. The main limitation of the DEM technique is the computational (CPU) time required. Techniques to minimise this are described, in particular in relation to particle referencing and array sizes. The runtimes shown illustrate the importance of optimising array sizes for the neighbourhood lists.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651950},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Amuzu - 1980 - Sliding friction of some metallic glasses.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?QGT/126/594/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFT-44W9KXV-1/2/6a2e861974173fa5d3dca0e3b2d94c6d},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {7},
	pages = {L127-L129+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Amuzu - 1980 - Sliding friction of some metallic glasses.pdf},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1255
@article{ooi0000elastic,

	author = {Ooi, J. Y. and Rotter, J. M.},
	title = {Elastic predictions of pressures in conical silo hoppers},
	journal = {Engineering Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Most current research in the field of dry, non-aerated powder flows is directed toward rapid granular flows of large particles. Slow, frictional, dense flows of powders in the so-called quasi-static regime were also studied extensively using Soil Mechanics principles. The present paper describes the rheological behavior of powders in the "intermediate" regime lying between the slow and rapid flow regimes. Flows in this regime have direct industrial relevance. Such flows occur when powders move relative to solid walls in hoppers, bins and around inserts or are mixed in high and low shear mixers using moving paddles. A simple geometry that of a Couette device is used as a benchmark of more complicated flows. The constitutive equations derived by Schaeffer [J. Differ. Equ. 66 (1987) 19] for slow, incompressible powder flows were used in a new approach proposed by Savage [J. Fluid Mech. 377 (1998) 1] to describe flows in the intermediate regime. The theory is based on the assumption that both stress and strain-rate fluctuations are present in the powder. Using Savage's approach, we derive an expression for the average stress that reduces to the quasi-static flow limit when fluctuations go to zero while, in the limit of large fluctuations, a "liquid-like", "viscous" character is manifested by the bulk powder. An analytical solution of the averaged equations for the specific geometry of the Couette device is presented. We calculate both the velocity profile in the powder and the shear stress in the sheared layer and compare these results to experimental data. We show that normal stresses in the sheared layer depend linearly on depth (somewhat like in a fluid) and that the shear stress in the powder is shear rate dependent. We also find that the velocity of the powder in the vicinity of a rough, moving boundary, decays exponentially so that the flow is restricted to a small area adjacent to the wall. The width of this area is of the order of 10-13 particle diameters. In the limit of very small particles, this is tantamount to a shear band-type behavior near the wall.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651949},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1991 - Elastic predictions of pressures in conical silo hoppers.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-47W5NP0-1/2/b74bb3ab36a5923de4db45dd56b4d5bb},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0032-5910(02)00315-7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, cell, couette, database, dem, flows, granular, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder, rheology, shear},
	number = {1},
	pages = {2-12+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Ooi, Rotter - 1991 - Elastic predictions of pressures in conical silo hoppers.pdf},
	volume = {13},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		cell,
		couette,
		dem,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		rheology,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1256
@article{walton0000numerical,

	author = {Walton, O. R.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of inclined chute flows of monodisperse, inelastic, frictional spheres},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Silos are used for storage and protection of sensitive materials like cement, sugar, grain and chemicals, where for instance water penetration into the materials would have serious financial and safety consequences. The tendency towards increasingly large silos and the appearance of new materials to be stored keep one in a situation with unsolved strength and flow problems, even though such problems have been discussed for more than a hundred years. An increase of pressure on the silo wall may arise in mass flow silos when emptying starts, but strength problems are also encountered in funnel flow silos when non-rotational symmetric pressure distributions on the wall occur.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651948},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walton - 1993 - Numerical simulation of inclined chute flows of monodisperse, inelastic, frictional spheres.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {239-247+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Walton - 1993 - Numerical simulation of inclined chute flows of monodisperse, inelastic, frictional spheres.pdf},
	volume = {16},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1257
@proceedings{matsushima0000discrete,

	title = {Discrete element simulation of an assembly of irregularly-shaped grains: quantitative comparison with experiments},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Results from tests with central filling and central and eccentric discharge of barley in a medium-scale model silo are reported. Special attention is paid to the description of recently installed shear cells and to results obtained with these. Equilibrium checks were carried out in the filling situation, showing that the friction load on the silo wall determined from shear cell measurements deviates about 3\% when compared with the known weight of the grain minus the known bottom load. The deviations in two situations during central discharge were found to be 6\% and 10\%. It is concluded that the shear cells produce reliable results. Wall friction coefficients were found to be about 0.58 during central filling and about 0.43 during discharge. The very low pressure level in the silo model is supposed to be responsible for the high coefficient found during filling.},
	author = {Matsushima, T. and Saomoto, H. and Matsumoto, M. and Toda, K. and Yamada, Y.},
	booktitle = {16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651947},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Matsushima et al. - 2003 - Discrete element simulation of an assembly of irregularly-shaped grains quantitative comparison with experiments.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-43K461M-C8/2/8379a7a73d07f46f7624829f66a43242},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1
Export Date: 7 May 2010
Source: Scopus
 | 
Discrete element simulation of an assembly of irregularly-shaped grains: quantitative comparison with experiments},
	journal = {Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, discrete, element, grain, irregular, jin, jps, method, oois, piv, powder, shape, shear, simple, simulation},
	location = {University of Washington, Seattle},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1-8+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Matsushima et al. - 2003 - Discrete element simulation of an assembly of irregularly-shaped grains quantitative comparison with experiments.pdf},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		discrete,
		grain,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		shape,
		shear,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1258
@article{wensrich0000dissipation,

	author = {Wensrich, C.},
	title = {Dissipation, dispersion, and shocks in granular media},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE POSED IN THIS ARTICLE: (I) CAN THE PLACING OF A PRESSURE CELL ON THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SILO WALL AND SILO MEDIUM RESULT IN A SYSTEMATIC ALTERATION IN THE PRESSURE TO BE MEASURED{ (II) IS THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SERIOUSLY AFFECTED WHEN THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE SILO WALL DEVIATES FROM THE DESIRED SHAPE{ LBOTH QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE ON THE BASIS OF THE TESTS DESCRIBED.THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS REFER TO THE SPECIAL CONDITIONS APPLYING AT THE SILO UTILIZED, BUT CORRESPONDING TESTS CARRIED OUT AT OTHER SILOS ARE EXPECTED TO YEILD CORRESPONDING RESULTS.IT IS CONCLUDED THAT DEVIATIONS FROM THE DESIRED GEOMETRY OF THE WALLMUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION AS A CONTRIBUTORY CAUSE OF CRACKING IN SILO WALLS.(A)}}},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651946},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2002 - Dissipation, dispersion, and shocks in granular media.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, dispersion, granular, hypoplasticity, jin, jps, lateral, oois, powder, pressure, shocks},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-12+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wensrich - 2002 - Dissipation, dispersion, and shocks in granular media.pdf},
	volume = {126},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		dispersion,
		granular,
		hypoplasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		pressure,
		shock,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1259
@article{miller0000stress_1,

	author = {Miller, B. and Behringer, R. P. and O'Hern, C.},
	title = {Stress Fluctuations for Continuously Sheared Granular Materials},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {Structures and granular solids - from scientific principles to engineering application},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651945},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Miller, Behringer, O'Hern - 1996 - Stress Fluctuations for Continuously Sheared Granular Materials.pdf},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Applicability of Normal and Shear Stress Cells Embedded in Cohesionless Materials
 | 
Progressive pressure measurement beneath a granular pile with and without base deflection},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Edinburgh, U.K},
	number = {15},
	pages = {3110-3113+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {CRC Press/Balkema},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Miller, Behringer, O'Hern - 1996 - Stress Fluctuations for Continuously Sheared Granular Materials.pdf},
	volume = {77},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1260
@article{mishra0000preliminary,

	author = {Mishra, B. K. and Thornton, C. and Bhimji, D.},
	title = {A preliminary numerical investigation of agglomeration in a rotary drum},
	journal = {Minerals Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This chapter reviews the different techniques that have been proposed in the last few years for turning\&nbsp;PIV into a 3D velocimetry technique. Any technique capable of simultaneously measuring more than one plane is included. In expanding normal-viewing\&nbsp;PIV depth increases from dual-plane\&nbsp;PIV, multiple-plane\&nbsp;PIV in its version of digital image plane holography to adjustable-depth volume\&nbsp;PIV methods like defocus-evaluating\&nbsp;PIV, tomographic\&nbsp;PIV, and off-axis holography. Other volume holographic setups utilize reusable real-time recording material (polarization multiplexing with bacteriorhodopsin), explore digital in-line holography and promise extensions to even deeper volumes (light-in-flight holography). The principles, the present state-of-the-art and some ideas on future developments are presented.},
	booktitle = {Particle Image Velocimetry},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651944},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mishra, Thornton, Bhimji - 2002 - A preliminary numerical investigation of agglomeration in a rotary drum.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_7},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Consequence of Loading History on the Measuring error of Embedded Stress Cells
 | 
10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-73528-1\_7},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	location = {Australia},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {27-33+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mishra, Thornton, Bhimji - 2002 - A preliminary numerical investigation of agglomeration in a rotary drum.pdf},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1261
@article{mishra0000impact,

	author = {Mishra, B. K. and Thornton, C.},
	title = {Impact breakage of particle agglomerates},
	journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Closed-loop, servo-controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the development of a shear band in Berea sandstone at various confining pressures. The tests were performed with the University of Minnesota Plane-Strain Apparatus, which was designed to allow the shear band to develop in an unrestricted manner. Measured load and displacements provided estimates of the stress and deformation states whereby dilatancy and friction were evaluated prior to localization. Experiments were stopped at various stages of shear-band development within the strain-softening regime. The specimens displayed a progression of deformation from inception, where the shear band was characterized by a high density of intragranular microcracks and crushed grains, to the tip where the intragranular microcracks were significantly less dense and separated by intact grains. Decreased slip deformation towards the tip of the shear band indicated that localization developed and propagated in plane. Thin-section microscopy showed porosity increase within the shear band was 3-4 grain diameters wide. Increased porosity did not extend beyond the tip of the shear band. A cohesive zone model of shear fracture, used to examine the stress field near the tip, showed similarities to principal compressive stress orientations interpreted from intragranular microcracks. Thus, propagation of the shear band could be associated with in-plane mode II fracture. Copyright ?2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	address = {Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0220, U.S.A.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651943},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mishra, Thornton - 2001 - Impact breakage of particle agglomerates.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.592},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
10.1002/nag.592},
	doi = {10.1002/nag.592},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4},
	pages = {225-239+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Mishra, Thornton - 2001 - Impact breakage of particle agglomerates.pdf},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1262
@article{maugis0000adhesion,

	author = {Maugis, D.},
	title = {Adhesion of spheres: the JKR-DMT transition using a Dugdale model},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Design bases are described for stress cells placed in the interface between a stiff wall and a matrix and for stress and strain cells in a free field. The results of calibration tests are given in which the design bases are checked, with a finely grained medium as matrix. Types of cells used for tests in silos and silo models are discussed, and examples of applications are given.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651942},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maugis - 1992 - Adhesion of spheres the JKR-DMT transition using a Dugdale model.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B756W-47XN872-DP/2/e5c5a1a56a7a907eecdc8a3ee85660a2},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 1036
Export Date: 23 March 2009
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {243-269+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Maugis - 1992 - Adhesion of spheres the JKR-DMT transition using a Dugdale model.pdf},
	volume = {150},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1263
@article{johanson0000effect_1,

	author = {Johanson, K. and Miller, J. D. and Lin, C. L.},
	title = {The effect of hydrophobic surface modification on bulk cohesive strength},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Binary mixtures of equal-density granules at different size ratios and weight fraction were allowed to discharge from a funnel-and a mass-flow hopper. Size segregation during incompressible flow of coarse particles was monitored by measuring discharge rates during various flow stages of the batch emptying of the hopper. Static and flowing bulk densities of the mixtures were determined experimentally as a function of both the fines fraction and the size ratio. Experimental results conform closely to the microstructural changes that occur within the particle bed; a transition from a coarse continuous to a fines continuous bed structure is made possible by the addition of more fines or by increasing the size ratio. Theoretical analyses are presented to explain the phase transition of the microstructure and its effects on the observed bulk densities, discharge rates and size segregation},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651941},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson, Miller, Lin - 2009 - The effect of hydrophobic surface modification on bulk cohesive strength.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JOR/52/341/1},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-444NS0R-61/2/31c177c70db036d41fb55b8246672780},
	comment = {PDF, SILO},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, deformation, dem, films, jin, jps, liquid, ned, oois, piv, polymer, powder, rheology, shear, solutions, strength, uncon, yield},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1-9+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Johanson, Miller, Lin - 2009 - The effect of hydrophobic surface modification on bulk cohesive strength.pdf},
	volume = {194},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		deformation,
		dem,
		films,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		ned,
		oois,
		piv,
		polymer,
		powder,
		rheology,
		shear,
		strength,
		yield,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1264
@article{jensen0000effect,

	author = {Jensen, R. P. and Edil, T. B. and Bosscher, P. J. and Plesha, M. E. and Kahla, N. B.},
	title = {Effect of particle shape on interface behavior of DEM-simulated granular materials},
	journal = {International Journal of Geomechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Presented is an analytical solution for the stress function S([alpha]) at the wall of a mass flow hopper. Having an explicit expression for S([alpha]) makes it possible to obtain analytical expressions for such parameters as the normal stress at the wall and the flow factors for arching, in a converging channel. Contours of [nu]w/[gamma]B and ff determined from these expressions compare favourably with those obtained by Jenike using numerical solutions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651940},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jensen et al. - 2001 - Effect of particle shape on interface behavior of DEM-simulated granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v84/p5122},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-442B49X-8P/2/2264746c8d6991678a75deaeb458b6d9},
	comment = {PDF, SILO
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRL
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5122},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-19+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Jensen et al. - 2001 - Effect of particle shape on interface behavior of DEM-simulated granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1265
@article{zhang0000accurate,

	author = {Zhang, X. and Vu-Quoc, L.},
	title = {An accurate elasto-plastic frictional tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations: Displacement-driven formulation},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651939},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2007 - An accurate elasto-plastic frictional tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations Displacement-driven formulation.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Numerically modeling the strength of ice using discrete elements},
	old_keywords = {contact, database, dem, discrete-element, displacement, elastoplas-, flow, force, frictional, granular, jin, jps, mechanics, method, oois, powder, relation, simulation, tangential, ticity},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {1},
	pages = {730-752+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2007 - An accurate elasto-plastic frictional tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model for granular-flow simulations Displacement-driven formulation.pdf},
	volume = {225},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		dem,
		discrete,dem,
		displacement,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		flow,
		force,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		powder,
		tangent,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1266
@article{zhang0000method,

	author = {Zhang, X. and Vu-Quoc, L.},
	title = {A method to extract the mechanical properties of particles in collision based on a new elasto-plastic normal force\^{a}€ ” displacement model},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651938},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2002 - A method to extract the mechanical properties of particles in collision based on a new elasto-plastic normal force\^{a}€ ” displacement model.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Evaluation of behavior of EDZ around rock cavern by AE measurements and PFC simulation},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {12},
	pages = {779-794+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2002 - A method to extract the mechanical properties of particles in collision based on a new elasto-plastic normal force\^{a}€ ” displacement model.pdf},
	volume = {34},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1267
@article{zhang0000simulation_1,

	author = {Zhang, X. and Vu-Quoc, L.},
	title = {Simulation of chute flow of soybeans using an improved tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model},
	journal = {Mechanics of Materials},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {2nd International PFC Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651937},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2000 - Simulation of chute flow of soybeans using an improved tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF, DEM
 | 
Design of gas storage rock cavern by the hydro-mechanical coupled discrete model},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	location = {Kyoto},
	number = {2},
	pages = {115-129+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema Publishers},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Vu-Quoc - 2000 - Simulation of chute flow of soybeans using an improved tangential force\^{a}€ ” displacement model.pdf},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1268
@article{zhang0000modeling,

	author = {Zhang, X.},
	title = {Modeling the dependence of the coefficient of restitution on the impact velocity in elasto-plastic collisions},
	journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651936},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang - 2002 - Modeling the dependence of the coefficient of restitution on the impact velocity in elasto-plastic collisions.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {analysis, cient, coe, collision, contact, database, dem, elasto-plastic, element, finite, jin, jps, mechanics, of, oois, powder, restitution},
	number = {3},
	pages = {317-341+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang - 2002 - Modeling the dependence of the coefficient of restitution on the impact velocity in elasto-plastic collisions.pdf},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		collision,
		contact,
		dem,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1269
@article{zhang0000simulation_2,

	author = {Zhang, R. and Li, J.},
	title = {Simulation on mechanical behavior of cohesive soil by Distinct Element Method},
	journal = {Journal of Terramechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651935},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Li - 2006 - Simulation on mechanical behavior of cohesive soil by Distinct Element Method.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {bond, bridge, cohesion, database, dem, discrete, element, jin, jps, liquid, method, oois, parallel, powder, soil},
	number = {3},
	pages = {303-316+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Li - 2006 - Simulation on mechanical behavior of cohesive soil by Distinct Element Method.pdf},
	volume = {43},

	keywords = {
		bridge,
		cohesion,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		oois,
		parallel,
		powder,
		soil,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1270
@article{zhang0000flow,

	author = {Zhang, Q. and Hao, B. and Britton, M. G.},
	title = {Flow patterns of cohesive feed in a model bin with flow-corrective inserts},
	journal = {engr.usask.ca},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651934},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Hao, Britton - 2002 - Flow patterns of cohesive feed in a model bin with flow-corrective inserts.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {2},
	pages = {1-6+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Hao, Britton - 2002 - Flow patterns of cohesive feed in a model bin with flow-corrective inserts.pdf},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1271
@phdthesis{zhang0000behaviour,

	author = {Zhang, L.},
	title = {The behaviour of granular material in pure shear, direct shear and simple shear},
	school = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651933},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang - 2003 - The behaviour of granular material in pure shear, direct shear and simple shear.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
The behaviour of granular material in pure shear, direct shear and simple shear},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1-283+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang - 2003 - The behaviour of granular material in pure shear, direct shear and simple shear.pdf},
	volume = {50},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1272
@article{drescher0000arching_2,

	author = {Drescher, A. and Waters, A. J. and Rhoades, C. A.},
	title = {Arching in Hoppers. 2. Arching Theories and Critical Outlet Size},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Inhomogeneities caused by end restraint and insufficient drainage during conventional compression triaxial tests are analysed by a numerical method. A finite element model is presented to simulate the testing procedure. The soil-platen interaction is represented by contact elements which allow frictional sliding between contacting nodes. The soil mass is represented by the modified Cam clay model. Coupled hydro-mechanical analyses are carried out in order to simulate both drained and undrained tests. The distributions of stresses and strains in the specimen for different end conditions are compared with the ideal case where no end restraint exists, in order to find representative measuring positions in the sample. Different rates of axial strain are tested in order to study the inhomogeneities caused by insufficient drainage during drained tests. Simulated results show that both end restraint and insufficient drainage can cause the barrel-shape deformation of the specimen. Stress-strain and strength properties based on global measurements are not a good representation of the true material behaviour of one single soil element at constitutive level.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651932},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Drescher, Waters, Rhoades - 1995 - Arching in Hoppers. 2. Arching Theories and Critical Outlet Size.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2C-3SN6RY7-5/2/723f09188243f0b0242ca788dee5fe27},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-3Y80M9M-H/2/4ce90e30321c78dcd8f1c2c3657eca62},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0266-352X(97)00021-9},
	old_keywords = {aarons, arch, bulk, critical, database, dem, discharge, domes, gravitational, hoppers, jin, jps, materials, oois, outlet, piv, powder, size},
	number = {2},
	pages = {177-183+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Drescher, Waters, Rhoades - 1995 - Arching in Hoppers. 2. Arching Theories and Critical Outlet Size.pdf},
	volume = {84},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		arch,
		bulk,
		dem,
		discharge,
		gravity,
		hopper,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		outlet,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1273
@article{zhang0000calculation,

	author = {Zhang, D. and Whiten, W. J.},
	title = {The calculation of contact forces between particles using spring and damping models},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651931},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Whiten - 1996 - The calculation of contact forces between particles using spring and damping models.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {component, contact, dashpot, database, dem, discrete, element, jin, jps, oois, point, powder, simulations, spring},
	number = {1},
	pages = {59-64+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Zhang, Whiten - 1996 - The calculation of contact forces between particles using spring and damping models.pdf},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		damping,
		dem,
		discrete,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		point,
		powder,
		spring,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1274
@article{hotta0000capillary,

	author = {Hotta, K. and Takeda, K. and Iinoya, K.},
	title = {The capillary binding force of a liquid bridge},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Abstract\&nbsp;\&nbsp;We study by means of molecular dynamics simulations of periodic shear cells, the influence of particle shape on the global mechanical behavior of dense granular media. At large shear deformation samples with elongated particles, independent of their initial orientation, reach the same stationary value for both shear force and void ratio. At the micro-mechanical level the stress, the fabric and the inertia tensors of the particles are used to study the evolution of the media. In the case of isotropic particles the direction of the principal axis of the fabric tensor is aligned with the one of the principal stress, while for elongated particles the fabric orientation is strongly dependent on the orientation of the particles. The shear band width is shown to depend on the particle shape due to the tendency of elongated particles to preferential orientations and less rotation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651930},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hotta, Takeda, Iinoya - 1974 - The capillary binding force of a liquid bridge.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-007-0038-2},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0022-3727-13-7-005
 | 
10.1007/s10035-007-0038-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s10035-007-0038-2},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {4-5},
	pages = {231-242+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Hotta, Takeda, Iinoya - 1974 - The capillary binding force of a liquid bridge.pdf},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1275
@article{yao0000energetic,

	author = {Yao, W.},
	title = {Energetic coefficient of restitution for planar impact in multi-rigid-body systems with friction},
	journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651929},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yao - 2005 - Energetic coefficient of restitution for planar impact in multi-rigid-body systems with friction.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {cient, coefficient, database, dem, energetic, friction, impact, jin, jps, multi-rigid-body, of, oois, planar, powder, restitution, systems},
	number = {3},
	pages = {255-265+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yao - 2005 - Energetic coefficient of restitution for planar impact in multi-rigid-body systems with friction.pdf},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		energy,
		friction,
		impact,
		jin,
		jps,
		multibody,
		oois,
		planar,
		powder,
		restitution,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1276
@article{grof0000interaction,

	author = {Grof and Cook, J. and Lawrence, C. J. and T\"{a}›p\~{a}!`nek},
	title = {The interaction between small clusters of cohesive particles and laminar flow: Coupled DEM/CFD approach},
	journal = {Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651928},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof et al. - 2009 - The interaction between small clusters of cohesive particles and laminar flow Coupled DEMCFD approach.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v74/e061310},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, elasticity, fluid, granular, interaction, jin, jps, materials, oois, particle, piv, powder},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {24-32+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:06},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grof et al. - 2009 - The interaction between small clusters of cohesive particles and laminar flow Coupled DEMCFD approach.pdf},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		elasticity,
		fluid,
		granular,
		interaction,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1277
@article{grierson0000accounting,

	author = {Grierson, D. S. and Flater, E. E. and Carpick, R. W.},
	title = {Accounting for the JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition in adhesion and friction measurements with atomic force microscopy},
	journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651927},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grierson, Flater, Carpick - 2005 - Accounting for the JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition in adhesion and friction measurements with atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:10(1000)},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?AMJ/71/350/1},
	comment = {PDF, DEM},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:10(1000)},
	old_keywords = {aarons, adhesion, afm, atomic, contact, database, dem, force, friction, granular, jin, jps, materials, mechanics, microscopy, nanotribology, oois, piv, powder, rolling, sliding},
	number = {3},
	pages = {291-311+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Grierson, Flater, Carpick - 2005 - Accounting for the JKR\^{a}€ ” DMT transition in adhesion and friction measurements with atomic force microscopy.pdf},
	volume = {19},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		adhesion,
		afm,
		atomic,
		contact,
		dem,
		force,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		jps,
		material,
		mechanics,
		microscopy,
		nanotribology,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		rolling,
		sliding,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_BACKSLASH_IN_TITLE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1278
@article{yao0000adhesion,

	author = {Yao, H. and Ciavarella, M. and Gao, H.},
	title = {Adhesion maps of spheres corrected for strength limit},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Present understanding of adhesion is mostly due to the well-known contact theories for spheres, including JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts), DMT (Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov) and MD (Maugis-Dugdale). Since most of the models exhibit their optimal applicability only in a specific regime, an adhesion map has been developed [K.L. Johnson, J.A. Greenwood, J. Colloid Interface Sci. (1997)] to guide the selection among different models. In the JG (Johnson-Greenwood) map, however, an important physical fact has been neglected that the adhesion strength must not exceed the theoretical strength; thereby the applicability of the classical adhesion models is overestimated and misguidance may arise from the JG map. To avoid this limitation, in this paper we introduce the strength limit into the adhesion map and find that the selection of adhesion models depends not only on the Tabor number but also on the ratio of the theoretical strength to the stiffness. Given this ratio, there exists a critical Tabor number or the size of the sphere, below which adhesion is dominated by the limiting strength and the classical adhesion models are no longer appropriate for spheres. These results eventually lead to a corrected adhesion map for spheres.},
	booktitle = {Powder Injection Molding Symposium},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651926},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yao, Ciavarella, Gao - 2007 - Adhesion maps of spheres corrected for strength limit.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Granular Modeling of Steel Powder Flow and Compaction in Injection Molding},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, contact, database, dem, energy, jin, jps, mechanics, oois, powder, surface},
	location = {California},
	number = {2},
	pages = {786-90+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yao, Ciavarella, Gao - 2007 - Adhesion maps of spheres corrected for strength limit.pdf},
	volume = {315},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		contact,
		dem,
		energy,
		jin,
		jps,
		mechanics,
		oois,
		powder,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1279
@misc{yang0000simulation_1,


	author = {Yang, S. O. and Mustoe, G. and Sloan, E. D.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651925},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang, Mustoe, Sloan - Unknown - Simulation of Hydrate Agglomeration by the Discrete Element Method.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Simulation of Hydrate Agglomeration by the Discrete Element Method},
	journal = {ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	location = {Golden, Colorado},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1-17+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	series = {symp15.nist.gov},
	title = {Simulation of Hydrate Agglomeration by the Discrete Element Method},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang, Mustoe, Sloan - Unknown - Simulation of Hydrate Agglomeration by the Discrete Element Method.pdf},
	volume = {122},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1280
@article{yang0000simulation_2,

	author = {Yang, S.},
	title = {The simulation of powders with liquid bridges in a 2D vibrated bed},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	booktitle = {1st Con5 DEM},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651924},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang - 2001 - The simulation of powders with liquid bridges in a 2D vibrated bed.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Application of the Discrete Element Method toward Roof Stability Problems in Underground Coal Mines},
	old_keywords = {bed, bridge, cell, convection, database, dem, dissipation, energy, jin, jps, liquid, oois, powder, vibrated, viscosity},
	location = {Golden, CO, USA.},
	number = {24},
	pages = {6837-6849+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang - 2001 - The simulation of powders with liquid bridges in a 2D vibrated bed.pdf},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		bridge,
		cell,
		convection,
		dem,
		dissipation,
		energy,
		jin,
		jps,
		liquid,
		oois,
		powder,
		vibration,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1281
@article{yang0000simulation_3,

	author = {Yang, S.},
	title = {The simulation and experimental study of granular materials discharged from a silo with the placement of inserts},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651923},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang - 2001 - The simulation and experimental study of granular materials discharged from a silo with the placement of inserts.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Stress Induced Failures in Mine Roof},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, discharging, insert, jin, jps, oois, powder, silo, stress, wall},
	number = {3},
	pages = {244-255+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Bureau of Mines},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang - 2001 - The simulation and experimental study of granular materials discharged from a silo with the placement of inserts.pdf},
	volume = {120},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		discharge,
		insert,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		silo,
		stress,
		wall,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1282
@article{yang0000effect_1,

	author = {Yang, R. Y. and Yu, A. B. and Zou, R. P.},
	title = {Effect of material properties on the packing of fine particles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651922},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang, Yu, Zou - 2003 - Effect of material properties on the packing of fine particles.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Coal Mine Floor Heave in the Beckley Coalbed.},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	location = {Denver},
	number = {5},
	pages = {3025-3035+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Denver Mining Research Center, Bureau of Mines},
	series = {Report of Investigations 8274},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Yang, Yu, Zou - 2003 - Effect of material properties on the packing of fine particles.pdf},
	volume = {94},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1283
@article{adhikari0000quantification,

	author = {Adhikari, S. and Woodhouse, J.},
	title = {Quantification of non-viscous damping in discrete linear systems},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651921},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-47RRW1S-7/2/bb42a11d1ebf56349da55fa1a9e9c96f},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, oois},
	number = {3},
	pages = {499+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-47RRW1S-7/2/bb42a11d1ebf56349da55fa1a9e9c96f},
	volume = {260},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		oois,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1284
@article{xu0000particle,

	author = {Xu, Z. and Wang, M. and Chen, T.},
	title = {Particle damping for passive vibration suppression: numerical modelling and experimental investigation},
	journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651920},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Xu, Wang, Chen - 2005 - Particle damping for passive vibration suppression numerical modelling and experimental investigation.pdf},
	old_keywords = {database, dem, jin, jps, oois, powder},
	number = {3-5},
	pages = {1097-1120+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Xu, Wang, Chen - 2005 - Particle damping for passive vibration suppression numerical modelling and experimental investigation.pdf},
	volume = {279},

	keywords = {
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1285
@article{radjai0000bond,

	author = {Radjai, F. and Richefeu, V.},
	title = {Bond anisotropy and cohesion of wet granular materials},
	journal = {Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We analyse the Coulomb cohesion of wet granular materials and its relationship with the distribution of capillary bonds between particles. We show that, within a harmonic representation of the bond and force states, the shear strength can be expressed as a state equation in terms of internal anisotropy parameters. This formulation involves a dependence of the shear strength on loading direction and leads to the fragile behaviour of granular materials. The contact dynamics simulations of a wet material, in which a capillary force law is prescribed, are in excellent agreement with the predictions of this model. We find that the fragile character decreases as the local adhesion is increased or the mean stress is decreased.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651918},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radjai, Richefeu - 2009 - Bond anisotropy and cohesion of wet granular materials.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v55/p4720},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
0022-3727-30-5-025
 | 
Copyright (C) 2007 The American Physical Society
Please report any problems to prola@aps.org
PRE
 | 
10.1103/PhysRevE.55.4720},
	old_keywords = {aarons, database, dem, jin, jps, oois, piv, powder},
	number = {1909},
	pages = {5123-38+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Radjai, Richefeu - 2009 - Bond anisotropy and cohesion of wet granular materials.pdf},
	volume = {367},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		dem,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		piv,
		powder,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1286
@article{xu0000modified,

	author = {Xu, D. and Liechti, K. M. and Ravi-Chandar, K.},
	title = {On the modified Tabor parameter for the JKR-DMT transition in the presence of a liquid meniscus},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The JKR, DMT, Maugis models and Tabor parameter for contact under normal loading have been developed based mainly on solid-solid (van der Waals) interactions. In this case, the characteristic length scale for the adhesive forces in the Tabor parameter is the equilibrium interatomic spacing. However, for contact in humid environments, where a liquid meniscus may be present, capillary forces with a longer force range related to the Kelvin radius dominate. Fogden and White [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 138 (1990) 414] introduced a parameter that includes the Kelvin radius for the JKR-DMT transition. This topic was also addressed by Maugis and Gauthier-Manuel [J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 8 (1994) 1311] who included capillary effects within the frame work that Maugis had previously established. The parameters introduced by Fogden and White and Maugis and Gauthier-Manuel can be viewed as a modified Tabor parameter for the JKR-DMT transition. In the present work, the Kelvin equation linking the Kelvin radius and the relative humidity was explicitly included in the modified Tabor parameter. This provided a quantitative description of the JKR-DMT transition in terms of the relative humidity. This parameter was examined via load and contact radius measurements, where the latter were obtained from Bowden and Tabor's assumption that the friction force f=tauA. The friction experiments were conducted at two different humidity levels using a newly-developed mesoscale friction tester (MFT), which provides a very wide range of contact radii. The modified Tabor parameter was used to reexamine data from pull-off experiments in water and cyclohexane vapor environments [L.R. Fisher, J.N. Israelachvili, Colloids Surf. 3 (1981) 303 and H.K. Christenson, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 121 (1988) 170]. Finally, guidelines are presented for the appropriate choice of contact mechanics models to be used in interpreting data from SFA and AFM experiments in humid environments.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651917},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Xu, Liechti, Ravi-Chandar - 2007 - On the modified Tabor parameter for the JKR-DMT transition in the presence of a liquid meniscus.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF},
	old_keywords = {contact, database, dem, dmt, energy, jin, jkr, jps, kelvin, liquid, mechanics, meniscus, oois, powder, radius, surface},
	number = {2},
	pages = {772-85+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Xu, Liechti, Ravi-Chandar - 2007 - On the modified Tabor parameter for the JKR-DMT transition in the presence of a liquid meniscus.pdf},
	volume = {315},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		dem,
		dmt,
		energy,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		kelvin,
		liquid,
		mechanics,
		meniscus,
		oois,
		powder,
		radius,
		surface,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1287
@article{wu0000determination,

	author = {Wu, K. and You, H.},
	title = {Determination of solid material elastic modulus and surface energy based on JKR contact model},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The JKR contact theory is employed to study the adhesion phenomena between two solid materials in intimate contact. The elastic contact modulus and the work of adhesion of solid materials are obtained during adhesion tests by utilizing a micro force-deflection measuring apparatus. Six of the plastic materials, including polyethylene polyoxymethlene (POM), polyamide (PA), terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are used to evaluate the adhesion effect implied by the JKR theory. Comparison is made between surface energy obtained from the adhesion tests with that by a dynamic contact angle analyser. Results showthat the load/deflection data in the loading phase are in good agreement with the predictions of JKR equation, and the experimental data of unloading phase deviate significantly from the JKR theory. The phenomena of adhesion hysteresis in loading tests are responsible for these results due to the effects of molecular reconstruction on solid surfaces in contact. The work of adhesions, and hence surface energies of plastic materials, calculated by the best fitting of JKR equation with the experimental data in the loading phase, agree satisfactorily in a comparable manner with that obtained using the contact angle analyser.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651916},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, You - 2007 - Determination of solid material elastic modulus and surface energy based on JKR contact model.pdf},
	comment = {NO PDF
 | 
Discrete element method for the simulation of ball mills},
	old_keywords = {adhesion, database, dem, hysteresis, jin, jkr, jps, of, oois, powder, theory, work},
	number = {20},
	pages = {8530-8537+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	school = {University of Utah,},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Wu, You - 2007 - Determination of solid material elastic modulus and surface energy based on JKR contact model.pdf},
	volume = {253},

	keywords = {
		adhesion,
		dem,
		hysteresis,
		jin,
		jkr,
		jps,
		oois,
		powder,
		work,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1288
@article{matthey0000molecular,

	author = {Matthey, T. and Hansen, J. P.},
	title = {Molecular dynamics simulations of sliding friction in a dense granular material},
	journal = {Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper presents a review of particle technology as it relates to the storage, flow and handling of bulk solids. The paper traces salient aspects of the development of this subject from the 1880s to the present. The early research that commenced with studies of silo pressures and spanned some 25 years is briefly reviewed. The work in powder mechanics and soil mechanics that characterized the contributions over the first half of this century is indicated with the major thrust coming in the 1950s through the fundamental work of Jenike. The work of Jenike laid the foundations for a wide range of significant research developments that have occurred over the past 40 years. The work has covered such topics as flow property testing, theories of flow, modelling of particle systems by continuum theory and discrete elements, vibrations of powders, blending and mixing and wall loads under initial filling, flow and pulsing conditions. The importance of industrially orientated research is strongly emphasized. It is shown that in many areas of industrial operations, the range and complexity of the problems multiply at a faster rate than the research outcomes. Industrial interaction is essential in identifying research areas and associated professional development activities. This paper presents a review of the particle technology as it relates to the storage, flow and handling of bulk solids. The paper traces salient aspects of the development of this subject from the 1880s to the present. The early research that commenced with studies of silo pressures and spanned some 25 years is briefly reviewed. The work in powder mechanics and soil mechanics that characterized the contributions over the first half of this century is indicated with the major thrust coming in the 1950s through the fundamental work of Jenike. The work of Jenike laid the foundations for a wide range of significant research developments that have occurred over the past 40 years. The work has covered such topics as flow property testing, theories of flow, modelling of particle systems by continuum theory and discrete elements, vibrations of powders, blending and mixing and wall loads under initial filling, flow and pulsing conditions. The importance of industrially orientated research is strongly emphasized. It is shown that in many areas of industrial operations, the range and complexity of the problems multiply at a faster rate than the research outcomes. Industrial interaction is essential in identifying research areas and associated professional development activities.},
	address = {Centre for Bulk Solids and Paniculate Technologies, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651915},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Matthey, Hansen - 1998 - Molecular dynamics simulations of sliding friction in a dense granular material.pdf},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032194244\&\#38;partnerID=40\&\#38;rel=R5.6.0},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-3XFV37H-P/2/ac20c82221691ce32f17e5b8f203f88f},
	comment = {PDF, DEM
 | 
Cited By (since 1996): 4
Export Date: 22 March 2007
Source: Scopus},
	old_keywords = {aarons, bin, bulk, database, dem, feeding, flow, jin, jps, oois, particle, piv, powder, silos, solids, stockpiles, storage, technology},
	number = {A7},
	pages = {701-707+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:31:05},
	priority = {2},
	url = {file:///C:/JP/Documents/Papers/Matthey, Hansen - 1998 - Molecular dynamics simulations of sliding friction in a dense granular material.pdf},
	volume = {6},

	keywords = {
		aarons,
		bin,
		bulk,
		dem,
		feeder,
		flow,
		jin,
		jps,
		oois,
		particle,
		piv,
		powder,
		silo,
		solid,
		stockpile,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1289
@unpublished{sun0000modeling,

	author = {Sun, Jin},
	title = {Modeling of momentum transfer between solid phases-Simple kinetic theory derivation using a three-parameter collision model},
	comment = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651903},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1290
@unpublished{unpublished0000unpublished,

	author = {Unpublished, A.},
	title = {Unpublished document title},
	comment = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651902},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1291
@article{wachem0000comparative,

	author = {Wachem, Wan B. G. W. and Schouten, J. C. and Bleek, Van and Sinclair, J. L.},
	title = {Comparative Analysis of CFD Models of Dense Gas-solid Systems},
	journal = {AICHE J.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651901},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-1051},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {47},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1292
@article{leonard0000ultimate,

	author = {Leonard, B. P.},
	title = {The ULTIMATE conservative difference scheme applied to unsteady one-dimensional advection},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651900},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1293
@book{tannehill0000computational,

	author = {Tannehill, J. C. and Anderson, D. A. and Pletcher, R. H.},
	title = {Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651899},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Taylor \& Francis, Inc.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1294
@book{patankar0000numerical,

	author = {Patankar, S. V.},
	title = {Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Washington},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651898},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Hemisphere, Inc.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1295
@article{ding0000bubbling,

	author = {Ding, J. and Gidaspow, D.},
	title = {A Bubbling Fluidization Model Using Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651897},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {-538},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1296
@article{syamlal0000hydrodynamics,

	author = {Syamlal, M. and Gidaspow, D.},
	title = {Hydrodynamics of Fluidization: Prediction of Wall to Bed Heat Transfer Coefficients},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651896},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1297
@book{bird0000transport_1,

	author = {Bird, R. B. and Stewart, W. E. and Lightfoot, E. N.},
	title = {Transport Phenomena},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {New York, NY},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651895},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1298
@article{schaeffer0000instability,

	author = {Schaeffer, D. G.},
	title = {Instability in the evolution equations describing incompressible granular flow},
	journal = {Journal of Differential Equations},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651894},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-50},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1299
@article{jenike0000theory,

	author = {Jenike, A. W.},
	title = {A Theory of flow of particulate solids in converging and diverging channels based on a conical yield function},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651893},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-236},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {50},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1300
@article{syamlal0000simulation,

	author = {Syamlal, M. and O'Brien, T. J.},
	title = {Simulation of Granular Layer Inversion in Liquid Fluidized Bed},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651892},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1301
@misc{chevron0000refinery,


	author = {Chevron},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651891},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Refinery overview},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
	},

}

ref_id = 1302
@misc{cigr0000cigr,


	author = {Cigr},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651890},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {CIGR Handbook of Agriculture Engineering},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
	},

}

ref_id = 1303
@proceedings{goldschmidt0000segregation,

	title = {Segregation in dense gas-fluidized beds: Validation of a multi-fluid continuum model with non-intrusive digital image analysis measurements},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Beijing, People Republic of China},
	author = {Goldschmidt, M. J. V. and Kuipers, J. A. M. and van Swaaij, W. P. M.},
	booktitle = {Fluidization X},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651889},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-802},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1304
@misc{wen0000mechanics_2,


	author = {Wen, C. Y. and Yu, Y. H.},
	booktitle = {Fluid particle technology},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651888},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {American institute of chemical engineers---111},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Mechanics of fluidization},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1305
@misc{massoudi0000constitutive,


	author = {Massoudi, Mehardad},
	booktitle = {Granular Materials: Fundamentals and Applications},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651887},
	editor = {Antony, Joseph and Hoyle, W. and Ding, Yulong},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Royal Society of Chemistry+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Constitutive modeling of flowing granular materials: A continuum Approach},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
	},

}

ref_id = 1306
@misc{shen0000rapid,


	author = {Shen, H. H. and Babic, M.},
	booktitle = {Mechanics of Granular Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651886},
	editor = {Oda, M. and Iwashita, K.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {A. A. Balkema---377},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Rapid flow of granular materials},
	volume = {1},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
	},

}

ref_id = 1307
@misc{luding0000molecular_1,


	address = {New York},
	author = {Luding, Stefan},
	booktitle = {The Physics of Granular Media},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651885},
	editor = {Hinrichsen, Haye and Wolf, Dietrich E.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co.KGaA+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Granular Materials},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1308
@book{dalla0000micromeritics,

	author = {Dalla Valla, J. M.},
	title = {Micromeritics},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651884},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Pitman, Inc.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1309
@book{ottinger0000beyond,

	author = {Ottinger, Hans C.},
	title = {Beyond Equilibrium Thermodynamics},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Hoboken, New Jersey},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651883},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1310
@book{beris0000thermodynamics,

	author = {Beris, Antony N. and Edwards, Brian J.},
	title = {Thermodynamics of Flowing Systems: with Internal Microstructure},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Oxford, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651882},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Oxford University Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {36},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1311
@book{truesdell0000rational,

	author = {Truesdell, C.},
	title = {Rational Thermodynamics},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {New York},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651881},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Springer-Verlag+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1312
@book{jackson0000dynamics,

	author = {Jackson, Roy},
	title = {The Dynamics of Fluidized Particles},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651880},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Cambridge University Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1313
@book{gidaspow0000multiphase,

	author = {Gidaspow, D.},
	title = {Multiphase Flow and Fluidization: Continuum and Kinetic Theory Descriptions},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Boston, USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651879},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Academic Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1314
@book{chapman0000mathematical,

	author = {Chapman, S. and Cowling, T. G.},
	title = {The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform Gases},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651878},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Cambridge University Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1315
@book{bird0000transport_2,

	author = {Bird and Stewart, Warren E. and Lightfoot Edwin},
	title = {Transport phenomena},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {New York, NY},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651877},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1316
@book{rapaport0000molecular,

	author = {Rapaport, D. C.},
	title = {The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651876},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Cambridge University Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1317
@book{allen0000computer,

	author = {Allen, M. P. and Tildesley, D. J.},
	title = {Computer Simulation of Liquids},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	address = {Oxford},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651875},
	comment = {See the theoretical companion book by Evans.},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Clarendon Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1318
@article{wu0000segregation,

	author = {Wu, S. Y. and Baeyens, J.},
	title = {Segregation by size difference in gas fluidized bed},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651874},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-150},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {98},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1319
@article{kruyt0000micromechanical,

	author = {Kruyt, N. P. and Rothenburg, L.},
	title = {Micromechanical definition of strain tensor for granular materials},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651873},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {118},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1320
@article{emeriault0000micromechanical,

	author = {Emeriault, F. and Cambou, B.},
	title = {Micromechanical modelling of anisotropic non-linear elasticity of granular medium},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651872},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {18},
	pages = {-2607},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {33},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1321
@article{walton0000effective,

	author = {Walton, K.},
	title = {The effective moduli of a random packing of spheres},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651871},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {-226},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1322
@article{xu0000numerical_2,

	author = {Xu, B. H. and Yu, A. B.},
	title = {Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in a fluidized bed by combining discrete particle method with computational fluid dynamics},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651870},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {16},
	pages = {2809},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1323
@article{tsuji0000discrete_2,

	author = {Tsuji, Y. and Kawaguchi, T. and Tanaka, T.},
	title = {Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651869},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-87},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {77},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1324
@article{gidaspow0000hydrodynamics,

	author = {Gidaspow, Dimitr and Jung, Jonghwun and Singh Raj},
	title = {Hydrodynamics of fluidization using kinetic theory: an emerging paradigm 2002 Flour-Daniel Lecture},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651868},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-141},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {148},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1325
@article{srivastava0000analysis,

	author = {Srivastava, Anuj and Sundaresan, Sankaran},
	title = {Analysis of a frictional-kinetic model for gas-particle flow},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651867},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {85},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {129},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1326
@article{sundaresan0000modeling,

	author = {Sundaresan, Sankaran},
	title = {Modeling the Hydrodynamics of Multiphase Flow Reactors: Current Status and Challenges},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651866},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {6},
	pages = {-1105},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {46},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1327
@article{savage0000analyses,

	author = {Savage, S. B.},
	title = {Analyses of slow high-concentration flows of granular flows},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651865},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-26},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {377},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1328
@article{savage0000stress,

	author = {Savage, S. B. and Jeffrey, D. J.},
	title = {The stress tensor in a granular flow at high shear rates},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651864},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-272},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:35},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {110},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1329
@article{rosato0000perspective,

	author = {Rosato, Anthony D. and Blackmore, Denis L. and Zhang, Ninghua and Lan, Yidan},
	title = {A perspective on vibration-induced size segregation of granular materials},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651863},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-275},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1330
@article{rosato0000vibratory,

	author = {Rosato, A. D. and Lan, Y. and Wang, D.},
	title = {Vibratory particle size sorting in multi-component systems},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651862},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {160},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1331
@article{rosato0000brazil,

	author = {Rosato, Anthony and Strandburg, Katherine J. and Prinz, Friedrich and Swendsen, Robert H.},
	title = {Why the Brazil Nuts are on top: size segregation of particulate matter by shaking},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651861},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, nut, problem, suns},
	number = {10},
	pages = {-1040},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		nut,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1332
@article{rahman0000particle,

	author = {Rahman, Khurram and Campbell, Charles S.},
	title = {Particle pressures generated around bubbles in gas-fluidized beds},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651860},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-127},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {455},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1333
@article{nienow0000continuous,

	author = {Nienow, A. W. and Naimer, N. S.},
	title = {Continuous Mixing of Two Particulate Species of Different Density in a Gas Fluidised Bed},
	journal = {Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651859},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-186},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1334
@article{nahmadmolinari0000inertia,

	author = {Nahmad-Molinari, Y. and Canul-Chay, G. and Ruiz-Suarez, J. C.},
	title = {Inertia in the Brazil nut problem},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651858},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, nut, problem, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1--6},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		nut,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1335
@article{mobius0000intruder,

	author = {Mobius, Matthias E. and Cheng, Xiang and Karczmar, Greg S. and Nagel, Sidney R. and Jaeger, Heinrich M.},
	title = {Intruder in the dust: air-driven granular size separation},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651857},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1--198001-4},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1336
@article{mobius0000size,

	author = {Mobius, Matthias E. and Lauderdale, Benjamin E. and Nagel, Sidney R. and Jaeger, Heinrich M.},
	title = {Size separation of granular particles},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651856},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {414},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1337
@article{duran0000arching,

	author = {Duran, J. and Rajchenbach, J. and Clement, E.},
	title = {Arching effect model for particle size segregation},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651855},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {16},
	pages = {-2434},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {70},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1338
@article{ma0000kinetic,

	author = {Ma, D. and Ahmadi, G.},
	title = {A Kinetic Model for Rapid Granular Flows of Nearly Elastic Particles Including Interstitial Fluid Effects},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651854},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-207},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1339
@article{ottino0000mixing,

	author = {Ottino, J. M. and Khakhar, D. V.},
	title = {Mixing and segregation of granular materials},
	journal = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651853},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-91},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {32},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1340
@article{lun0000kinetic_1,

	author = {Lun},
	title = {Kinetic Theory for Granular Flow of Dense, Slightly Inelastic, Slightly Rough, Spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651852},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-559},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {233},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1341
@article{lun0000simple,

	author = {Lun, C. K. K. and Savage, S. B.},
	title = {A Simple Kinetic Theory for Granular Flow of Rough, Inelastic, Spherical Particles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651851},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-53},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1342
@article{lun0000kinetic_2,

	author = {Lun and Savage, S. B. and Jeffrey, D. J. and Chepurniy, N.},
	title = {Kinetic Theories for Granular Flow: Inelastic Particles in Couette Flow and Slightly Inelastic Particles in a General Flow Field},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651850},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-256},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {140},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1343
@article{luding0000from_1,

	author = {Luding, S. and Latzel, Marc and Volk, W. and Diebels, S. and Herrmann, Hans J.},
	title = {From discrete element simulations to a continuum model},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651849},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-28},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {191},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1344
@article{latzel0000macroscopic_2,

	author = {Latzel, Marc and Luding, Stefan and Herrmann, Hans J.},
	title = {Macroscopic material properties from quasi-static, microscopic simulations of a two-dimensional shear-cell},
	journal = {Granular Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651848},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {-135},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1345
@article{lu0000kinetic,

	author = {Lu, Huilin and Gidaspow, Dimitri and Manger, Eirik},
	title = {Kinetic theory of fluidized binary granular mixture},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651847},
	old_keywords = {binary, database, jin, kinetic, mixture, suns, theory},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		binary,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1346
@article{kharaz0000accurate_2,

	author = {Kharaz, A. H. and Gorham, D. A. and Salman},
	title = {Accurate measurement of particle impact parameters},
	journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651846},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-35},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1347
@article{kirkwood0000statistical_1,

	author = {Kirkwood, J. G. and Buff, F. P. and Green, M. S.},
	title = {The statistical mechanical theory of transport processes. III. The Coefficients of Shear and Bulk Viscosity of Liquids},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651845},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {10},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1348
@article{jenkins0000kinetic_1,

	author = {Jenkins, James T. and Zhang, Chao},
	title = {Kinetic Theory for Identical, Frictional, Nearly Elastic Spheres},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651844},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {-1235},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1349
@article{jenkins0000balance,

	author = {Jenkins, J. T. and Mancini, F.},
	title = {Balance laws and constitutive relations for plane flows of a dense, binary mixture of smooth, nearly elastic, circular disks},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651843},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-34},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {54},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1350
@article{huerta0000vibrationinduced,

	author = {Huerta, D. A. and Ruiz-Suarez, J. C.},
	title = {Vibration-induced granular segregation: a phenomenon driven by three mechanisms},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651842},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {11},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {92},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1351
@article{hoomans0000granular,

	author = {Hoomans and Kuipers and van Swaaij},
	title = {Granular Dynamics Simulation of Segregation Phenomena in Bubbling Gas-fluidised Beds},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651841},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-48},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {109},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1352
@article{hoomans0000discrete_2,

	author = {Hoomans and Kuipers and Briels, W. J. and van Swaaij},
	title = {Discrete Particle Simulation of Bubble And Slug Formation in a Two-dimensional Gas-fluidised Bed: A Hard-sphere Approach},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651840},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-118},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1353
@article{hong0000reverse,

	author = {Hong, Daniel C. and Quinn Paul and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Reverse Brazil Nut Problem: Competition between Percolation and Condensation},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651839},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, nut, problem, suns},
	number = {15},
	pages = {-3426},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {86},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		nut,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1354
@article{lubachevsky0000simulate,

	author = {Lubachevsky, B. D.},
	title = {How to simulate billiards and similar systems},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651838},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {2},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {94},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1355
@article{goldschmidt0000digital,

	author = {Goldschmidt and Link, J. M. and Mellema, S. and Kuipers},
	title = {Digital Image Analysis Measurements of Bed Expansion and Segregation Dynamics in Dense Gas-fluidised Beds},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651837},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-159},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {138},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1356
@article{gera0000hydrodynamics,

	author = {Gera, Dinesh and Syamlal, Madhava and O'Brien, Thomas},
	title = {Hydrodynamics of particle segregation in fluidized beds},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651836},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-428},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {30},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1357
@article{enwald0000eulerian,

	author = {Enwald, H. and Peirano, E. and Almstedt, A. E.},
	title = {Eulerian Two-phase Flow Theory Applied to Fluidization},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651835},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-66},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {22 Suppl.},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1358
@article{carnahan0000equation,

	author = {Carnahan, Norman F. and Starling, Kenneth E.},
	title = {Equation of state for nonattracting rigid spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651834},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {2},
	pages = {-636},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {51},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1359
@article{campbell0000granular_1,

	author = {Campbell, Charles S.},
	title = {Granular shear flows at the elastic limit},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651833},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-291},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {465},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1360
@article{cundall0000discrete,

	author = {Cundall, P. A. and Strack, D. L.},
	title = {A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies},
	journal = {Geotechnique},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651832},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-65},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {29},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1361
@article{campbell0000rapid,

	author = {Campbell, Charles S.},
	title = {Rapid granular flows},
	journal = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651831},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-92},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:34},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1362
@article{breu0000reversing,

	author = {Breu, A. P. J. and Ensner, H. M. and Kruelle, C. A. and Rehberg, I.},
	title = {Reversing the Brazil nut effect: competition between percolation and condensation},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651830},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, nut, problem, suns},
	number = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {90},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		nut,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1363
@article{rahaman0000unequal,

	author = {Rahaman, M. F. and Naser, J. and Witt, P. J.},
	title = {An unequal temperature kinetic theory: description of granular flow with multiple particle classes},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651829},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, kinetic, mixture, non-equipartition, suns, theory},
	pages = {-92},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {138},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		nonequipartition,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1364
@article{feitosa0000breakdown,

	author = {Feitosa, K. and Menon, N.},
	title = {Breakdown of energy equipartition in a 2D binary vibrated granular gas},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651828},
	old_keywords = {bed, binary, database, energy, granular, jin, mixture, nonequipartition, suns, vibrated},
	number = {19},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		binary,
		energy,
		granular,
		jin,
		mixing,
		nonequipartition,
		suns,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1365
@article{wildman0000coexistence,

	author = {Wildman, R. D. and Parkar, D. J.},
	title = {Coexistence of two granular temperatures in binary vibrofluidized beds},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651827},
	old_keywords = {bed, binary, database, energy, granular, jin, mixture, nonequipartition, suns, vibrated},
	number = {19},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		binary,
		energy,
		granular,
		jin,
		mixing,
		nonequipartition,
		suns,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1366
@article{garzo0000shear,

	author = {Garzo, V. and Montanero, Jose M.},
	title = {Shear viscosity for a moderately dense granular binary mixture},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651826},
	old_keywords = {binary, database, dense, jin, kinetic, mixture, suns, theory},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		binary,
		dense,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1367
@article{garzo0000hydrodynamics,

	author = {Garzo, Vicente and Dufty, James},
	title = {Hydrodynamics for a granular mixture at low density},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651825},
	old_keywords = {database, density, granular, jin, kinetic, low, mixture, suns, theory},
	pages = {-1490},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		density,
		granular,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1368
@article{garzo0000dense,

	author = {Garzo, V. and Dufty, J. W.},
	title = {Dense fluid transport for inelastic hard spheres},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651824},
	old_keywords = {database, dense, jin, kinetic, suns, theory},
	number = {5},
	pages = {5911},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		dense,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1369
@article{garzo0000homogeneous,

	author = {Garzo, Vicente and Dufty, James},
	title = {Homogeneous cooling state for a granular mixture},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651823},
	old_keywords = {cooling, database, homogeneous, jin, kinetic, mixture, state, suns, theory},
	number = {5},
	pages = {5713},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		cooling,
		homogeneity,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1370
@article{zamankhan0000kinetic,

	author = {Zamankhan, P.},
	title = {Kinetic theory of multicomponent dense mixtures of slightly inelastic spherical particles},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651822},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, kinetic, mixtures, s\_luding, suns, theory},
	number = {5},
	pages = {4891},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {52},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		hardcopyluding,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1371
@article{willits0000kinetic,

	author = {Willits, J. T. and Arnarson, B. O.},
	title = {Kinetic theory of a binary mixture of nearly elastic disks},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651821},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-3122},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1372
@article{grad0000kinetic,

	author = {Grad, H.},
	title = {On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases},
	journal = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651820},
	old_keywords = {database, fluid, hard-shere, jin, kinetic, method, model, moment, suns, theory},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {2},

	keywords = {
		fluid,
		hard,sphere,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		model,
		moment,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1373
@article{zhang0000stress_2,

	author = {Zhang, D. Z. and Rauenzahn, R. M.},
	title = {Stress relaxation in dense and slow granular flows},
	journal = {Journal of Rheology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651819},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {5},
	pages = {-1041},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1374
@article{zhang0000viscoelastic_2,

	author = {Zhang, D. Z. and Rauenzahn, R. M.},
	title = {A viscoelastic model for dense granular flows},
	journal = {Journal of Rheology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651818},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {6},
	pages = {-1298},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1375
@article{gao0000objective,

	author = {Gao, D. and Subramaniam, S. and Fox, R. O. and Hoffman, D. K.},
	title = {Objective decomposition of the stress tensor in granular flows},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651817},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1376
@article{volfson0000stickslip,

	author = {Volfson, D. and Tsimring, L. S. and Aranson, I. S.},
	title = {Stick-slip dynamics of a granular layer under shear},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651816},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1377
@article{volfson0000partially,

	author = {Volfson, D. and Tsimring, L. S. and Aranson, I. S.},
	title = {Partially fluidized shear granular flows: Continuum theory and molecular dynamics simulations},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651815},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1378
@article{volfson0000order,

	author = {Volfson, D. and Tsimring, L. S. and Aranson, I. S.},
	title = {Order Parameter Description of Stationary Partially Fluidized Shear Granular Flows},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651814},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {90},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1379
@article{knight0000vibrationinduced,

	author = {Knight, James B. and Jaeger, H. M. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
	title = {Vibration-induced Sized Separation in Granular Media: The Convection Connection},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651813},
	old_keywords = {database, granular, jin, materials, segregation, suns},
	number = {24},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {70},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		segregation,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1380
@article{arnarson0000thermal,

	author = {Arnarson, B. O. and Willits, J. T.},
	title = {Thermal diffusion in binary mixture of smooth, nearly elastic spheres with and without gravity},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A Revised Enskog theory, valid to second order in the Enskog approximation, is used to characterize the amount of thermal diffusion in a steady, fully developed flow of a binary mixture of hard, inelastic spheres. The dependence of the thermal diffusion factor on mixture volume fraction, mole fraction, radii ratio, and material density ratio is explored in the presence and absence of gravity.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651812},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-1328},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {10},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1381
@article{agrawal0000role,

	author = {Agrawal, Kapil and Loezos, Peter N. and Syamlal, Madhava and Sundaresan, Sankaran},
	title = {The Role of Meso-scale Structures in Rapid Gas-solid Flows},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651811},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {-185},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {445},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1382
@article{sun0000hydrodynamic,

	author = {Sun, Jin and Battaglia, Francine},
	title = {Hydrodynamic modeling of particle rotation for segregation in bubbling gas-fluidized beds},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A multi-fluid Eulerian model has been improved by incorporating particle rotation using kinetic theory for rapid granular flow of slightly frictional spheres. A simplified model was implemented without changing the current kinetic theory framework by introducing an effective coefficient of restitution to account for additional energy dissipation due to frictional collisions. Simulations without and with particle rotation were performed to study the bubble dynamics and bed expansion in a monodispersed bubbling gas-fluidized bed and the segregation phenomena in a bidispersed bubbling gas-fluidized bed. Results were compared between simulations without and with particle rotation and with corresponding experimental results. It was found that the multi-fluid model with particle rotation better captures the bubble dynamics and time-averaged bed behavior. The model predictions of segregation percentages agreed with experimental data in the fluidization regime where kinetic theory is valid to describe segregation and mixing. \&copy; 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651810},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.09.003},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2005.09.003},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, dynamics, flow, fluid, fluidization, jin, kinetic, mathematical, matter, mixing, models, multiphase, particles, particulate, rotation, simulation, suns, theory},
	number = {5},
	pages = {-1479},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.09.003},
	volume = {61},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		flow,
		fluid,
		fluidization,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mathematics,
		matter,
		mixing,
		model,
		multiphase,
		particle,
		particle,
		rotation,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1383
@article{sun0000effects,

	author = {Sun, Jin and Battaglia, Francine},
	title = {Effects of particle rotation on the hydrodynamic modeling of segregation in gas-fluidized beds},
	journal = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fluids Engineering Division (Publication) FED},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A multi-fluid Eulerian model has been improved by incorporating particle rotation using a simple kinetic theory for rapid granular flow of slightly frictional spheres. The model was implemented without changing the current kinetic theory framework by introducing an effective coefficient of restitution to account for additional energy dissipation due to frictional collisions. Simulations with and without particle rotation were performed to study the bubble dynamics in a monodispersed gassolid fluidized bed and the segregation phenomena in a bidispersed gas-solid fluidized bed. Results were compared between simulations with and without particle rotation and with corresponding experimental results. It was found that the multi-fluid model with particle rotation better captures the bubble dynamics and time-averaged bed behavior. The model predicted lower segregation percentages and a lower segregation rate due to increased bubble intensity. Copyright \&copy; 2004 by ASME.},
	address = {Anaheim, CA, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651809},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, drag, fraction, friction, gravitation, hydrodynamics, jin, mathematical, matter, models, number, particles, particulate, reynolds, simulation, suns, tensors, volume},
	pages = {753},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {260},

	keywords = {
		drag,
		friction,
		gravity,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		mathematics,
		matter,
		model,
		particle,
		particle,
		reynold,
		suns,
		tensor,
		volume,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1384
@article{ji0000numerical,

	author = {Ji, Chun-Jun and Yan, Qing and Sun, Jin},
	title = {Numerical simulation and flow visualization of the compressor rotating stalls},
	journal = {Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Dalian University of Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A numerical simulation system for axial-flow turbomachine cascabes flows by the vortex cloud modelling is developed. Animated flow pattern shows are made from the simulation results, which has proved to be a very powerful tool for the analysis of the flow phenomena in the flow field. The results show that this system is satisfactory in predicting the stall cell inception and propagation process and has revealed some special flow phenomena. It is hopeful that this analytic system may give a theoretic guidance to the application of the active control techniques for the improvement of the compressor stall margin.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651808},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, flow, fluids, jin, of, patterns, rotation, simulation, suns, visualization},
	number = {5},
	pages = {567},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		fluid,
		jin,
		pattern,
		rotation,
		suns,
		visualization,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1385
@proceedings{duran0000direct,

	title = {Direct observation of size segregation: convection and arching effect},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report an experimental study of the ascent of a large disc embedded in a 2D packing of small beads vertically vibrated. Two distinct mechanisms leading to size segregation are observed in situ. At high acceleration, the convection process associated with surface trapping is predominates.  At low acceleration, we examine the effect of the size ratio on the dynamics of the segregation which is either intermittent or continuous.  This is due to the successive formation and destruction of arches.},
	address = {Boston, MA, USA},
	author = {Duran, J. and Mazozi, T. and Clement, E. and Rajchenbach, J.},
	booktitle = {Fractal Aspects of Materials},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651807},
	editor = {Family, F.},
	journal = {Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, dynamics, granular, in, jin, materials, matter, particles, particulate, processing, simulation, situ, suns},
	pages = {494},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {367},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		matter,
		particle,
		particle,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1386
@article{dufty0000brownian,

	author = {Dufty, James W. and Brey, Javier J.},
	title = {Brownian motion in a granular fluid},
	journal = {New Journal of Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The Fokker-Planck equation for a heavy particle in a granular fluid is derived from the Liouville equation. The host fluid is assumed to be in its homogeneous cooling state and all interactions are idealized as smooth, inelastic hard spheres. The similarities and differences between the Fokker-Planck equation for elastic and inelastic collisions are discussed in detail. Although the fluctuation-dissipation relation is violated and the reference fluid is time-dependent, it is shown that diffusion occurs at long times for a wide class of initial conditions. The results presented here generalize previous results based on the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation to higher densities. \&copy; IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651806},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/020},
	doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/020},
	old_keywords = {brownian, cooling, database, diffusion, equations, functions, integral, jin, matter, movement, particles, particulate, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/020},
	volume = {7},

	keywords = {
		brownian,
		cooling,
		diffusion,
		jin,
		matter,
		motion,
		particle,
		particle,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1387
@article{brey0000steadystate,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Ruiz-Montero, M. J. and Moreno, F.},
	title = {Steady-state representation of the homogeneous cooling state of a granular gas},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Molecular dynamic simulations were used for investigating the properties of a dilute granular gas in the homogeneous cooling state (HCS). Changes were performed in the time scale that did not involve any internal property of the system in order to map and compare the properties to a stationary state. The general property of the granular temperature was found to be closely related to the new representation in the long time limit. Green-Kubo representations provided the ensemble averages, the velocity autocorrelation functions and the self-diffusion coefficients.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651805},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.051303},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.69.051303},
	old_keywords = {approximation, boundary, carlo, computer, conditions, cooling, correlation, database, diffusion, dynamics, effects, gases, granular, hydrodynamics, jin, kinetic, materials, methods, molecular, monte, of, simulation, suns, theory, thermal},
	number = {5 2},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.051303},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		boundary,
		montecarlo,
		cooling,
		diffusion,
		dynamics,
		gas,
		granular,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		material,
		molecule,
		montecarlo,
		suns,
		thermal,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1388
@article{lutsko0000diffusion,

	author = {Lutsko, James and Brey, Javier J. and Dufty, James W.},
	title = {Diffusion in a granular fluid: II. Simulation},
	journal = {Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Molecular dynamics simulations for diffusion in a granular fluid undergoing homogeneous cooling were presented. The results were compared to those from Einstein and Green-Kubo expressions for self-diffusion coefficient. The approximation theory was found to be in agreement with simulation data up to moderate densities and degrees of inelasticity. The inelastic effects at higher densities were stronger resulting in an enhancement of diffusion coefficient over its value for elastic collisions.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651804},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051304},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051304},
	old_keywords = {approximation, computer, cooling, correlation, database, diffusion, dynamics, granular, jin, materials, methods, molecular, simulation, suns, theory},
	number = {5 1},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051304},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		cooling,
		diffusion,
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		molecule,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1389
@article{dufty0000diffusion,

	author = {Dufty, James W. and Brey, Javier J. and Lutsko, James},
	title = {Diffusion in a granular fluid: I. Theory},
	journal = {Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Diffusion of an impurity particle in a granular fluid undergoing homogeneous cooling was studied. An appropriate scaling of the Liouville equation for the ensemble was described. Green-Kubo and Einstein representations of diffusion were provided in terms of velocity and mean-square displacement correlation functions. Comparisons with results from molecular dynamics simulation showed an agreement for low densities and all degrees of dissipation.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651803},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051303},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051303},
	old_keywords = {computer, cooling, correlation, database, diffusion, dynamics, granular, jin, kinetic, materials, mechanics, methods, molecular, simulation, statistical, suns, theory},
	number = {5 1},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051303},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		cooling,
		diffusion,
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		material,
		mechanics,
		molecule,
		statistics,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1390
@article{brey2000selfdiffusion_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Ruiz-Montero, M. J. and Cubero, D. and Garcia-Rojo, R.},
	title = {Self-diffusion in freely evolving granular gases},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {2000},

	abstract = {A self-diffusion equation for a freely evolving gas of inelastic hard disks or spheres is derived starting from the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation, by means of a Chapman-Enskog expansion in the density gradient of the tagged particles. The self-diffusion coefficient depends on the restitution coefficient explicitly, and also implicitly through the temperature of the system. This latter introduces also a time dependence of the coefficient. As in the elastic case, the results are trivially extended to the Enskog equation. The theoretical predictions are compared with numerical solutions of the kinetic equation obtained by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, and also with molecular dynamics simulations. An excellent agreement is found, providing mutual support to the different approaches. \&copy; 2000 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651802},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870342},
	citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=PHFLE6000012000004000876000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
	citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/12/876},
	citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870342},
	doi = {10.1063/1.870342},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {876--883},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {AIP},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870342},
	volume = {12},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1391
@article{gulbahce0000statistical,

	author = {Gulbahce, Natali and Alexander, Francis J. and Johnson, Gregory},
	title = {Statistical mechanics of histories: A cluster Monte Carlo algorithm},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651801},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e026701},
	old_keywords = {carlo, database, dynamical, estimation, jin, mechanics, methods, monte, nonlinear, parameter, processes, statistical, stochastic, suns, systems},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e026701},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		montecarlo,
		dynamics,
		jin,
		mechanics,
		montecarlo,
		nonlinearity,
		statistics,
		stochastic,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1392
@article{puglisi0000dynamics,

	author = {Puglisi, Andrea and Visco, Paolo and Trizac, Emmanuel and van Wijland, Frederic},
	title = {Dynamics of a tracer granular particle as a nonequilibrium Markov process},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651800},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e021301},
	old_keywords = {boltzmann, database, distribution, equation, gaussian, granular, jin, markov, master, materials, processes, suns},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e021301},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		distribution,
		gaussian,
		granular,
		jin,
		markov,
		material,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1393
@article{garzo0000diffusion,

	author = {Garzo, Vicente and Montanero, Jose M.},
	title = {Diffusion of impurities in a granular gas},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651799},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v69/e021301},
	old_keywords = {approximation, boltzmann, carlo, collision, database, diffusion, equation, equations, flow, granular, impurities, integral, jin, methods, monte, polynomial, processes, suns},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v69/e021301},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		montecarlo,
		collision,
		diffusion,
		flow,
		granular,
		impurity,
		jin,
		montecarlo,
		polynomial,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1394
@article{dufty0000hydrodynamic,

	author = {Dufty, James W. and Brey, Javier J.},
	title = {Hydrodynamic modes for granular gases},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651798},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v68/e030302},
	old_keywords = {boltzmann, database, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, equation, flow, granular, hydrodynamics, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v68/e030302},
	volume = {68},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		eigenfunction,
		eigenvalue,
		flow,
		granular,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1395
@article{andrews0000multiphase,

	author = {Andrews, M. J. and O'Rourke, P. J.},
	title = {Multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method for dense particulate flows},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method has been developed. This numerical technique draws upon the best of Eulerian/Eulerian continuum models and Eulerian/Lagrangian discrete models.  The MP-PIC method uses an accurate mapping from Lagrangian particles to and from a computational grid. While on the grid, continuum derivative terms that treat the particle phase as a fluid are readily evaluated and then mapped back to individual particles.  The result of this procedure is a computational technique for multiphase flows that can handle particulate loading ranging from dense to dilute, a distribution of particle sizes and a range of particle materials. The dense particulate model represents separated flows of particles and includes drag exerted by a gas phase, inter-particle stresses, particle viscous stresses and gas pressure gradients.  Six problems are presented to demonstrate the MP-PIC method.  This MP-PIC method has important applications in fluidized beds (combustion, catalytic cracking), sedimentation, separation and many other granular flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651797},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(95)00072-0},
	doi = {10.1016/0301-9322(95)00072-0},
	old_keywords = {bed, computational, database, drag, dynamics, fluid, fluidized, jin, lagrange, mathematical, matter, methods, models, multipliers, numerical, particles, particulate, sedimentation, separation, suns},
	number = {2},
	pages = {402},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:33},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(95)00072-0},
	volume = {22},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		drag,
		dynamics,
		fluid,
		fluidization,
		jin,
		lagrange,
		mathematics,
		matter,
		model,
		multiplier,
		numeric,
		particle,
		particle,
		sediment,
		separation,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1396
@article{sommerfeld0000validation,

	author = {Sommerfeld, M.},
	title = {Validation of a stochastic Lagrangian modelling approach for inter-particle collisions in homogeneous isotropic turbulence},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A stochastic inter-particle collision model for particle-laden flows to be applied in the frame of the Euler/Lagrange approach is introduced. The model relies on the generation of a fictitious collision partner with a given size and velocity, whereby no information is required on the actual position and direction of motion of the surrounding real particles. However, the fictitious particle is a representative of the local particle phase properties. In sampling the velocity of the fictitious particle correlation with the velocity of the real particle as a consequence of turbulence is accounted for. The occurrence of a collision is decided based on the collision probability according to kinetic theory. For validating the collision model, results from large eddy simulations (LES) are used for monodisperse particles being dispersed in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a binary mixture of particles. In the case of the binary mixture two situations are considered; a granular medium without particle-flow interaction and two fractions of particles settling under the action of gravity in an isotropic homogeneous turbulence. For all the considered test cases the agreement of the model calculations with the results obtained by LES was found to be very good. \&copy; 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651796},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00035-0},
	doi = {10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00035-0},
	old_keywords = {binary, computer, database, jin, kinetic, mixtures, probability, sampling, simulation, suns, theory},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1858},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00035-0},
	volume = {27},

	keywords = {
		binary,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		mixing,
		probability,
		sampling,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1397
@article{andrews0000lagrangian,

	author = {Andrews, M. J. and Baillergeau, D. A. J. and O'Rourke, P. J.},
	title = {Lagrangian particle method for the simulation of dense particulate flows},
	journal = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fluids Engineering Division (Publication) FED},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A new approach to the simulation of multi-phase dense particulate flows has been developed based on taking the best of Eulerian/Eulerian and Eulerian/Lagrangian formulations. This new approach uses a modern Particle-In-Cell method that has been extended to multi-phase flows. The method uses accurate mappings from Lagrangian particles to and from Eulerian space so that continuum intergranular stress formulations can be incorporated in the modeling. The result is a new model that can handle particulate loading ranging from dense to dilute, a distribution of particle sizes, and a range of particulate materials. This paper describes the new method and results from a one-dimensional implementation. The Lagrangian particulate formulation is well suited for a massively parallel environment, with a coupled high speed calculation of the underlying Eulerian gas phase governing equations. The new simulation method has important applications in Fluidized Bed Combustion, Catalytic Cracking processes and many other granular flows. Extension of the method to two- and three-dimensional flows with parallel computation means that we can offer a comprehensive methodology for dense granular flows.},
	address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651795},
	old_keywords = {algorithm, analysis, bed, catalyst, combustion, computational, cracking, database, density, fluidized, gases, granular, gravity, jin, lagrange, materials, mathematical, matter, methods, models, multipliers, parallel, particle, particles, particulate, size, specific, suns},
	pages = {46},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {199},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		catalyst,
		combustion,
		crack,
		density,
		fluidization,
		gas,
		granular,
		gravity,
		jin,
		lagrange,
		material,
		mathematics,
		matter,
		model,
		multiplier,
		parallel,
		particle,
		particle,
		particle,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1398
@article{yamamoto0000largeeddy,

	author = {Yamamoto, Y. and Potthoff, M. and Tanaka, T. and Kajishima, T. and Tsuji, Y.},
	title = {Large-eddy simulation of turbulent gas-particle flow in a vertical channel: effect of considering inter-particle collisions},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics KW -},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651794},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {-1},
	pages = {-334},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {442},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1399
@article{cheng0000mapping,

	author = {Cheng, X. Z. and Jalil, M. B. A. and Lee, Hwee K. and Okabe, Yutaka},
	title = {Mapping the Monte Carlo Scheme to Langevin Dynamics: A Fokker-Planck Approach},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651793},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e067208},
	old_keywords = {carlo, database, equation, fokker-planck, jin, magnetic, methods, micromagnetics, monte, particles, suns},
	number = {6},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e067208},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		montecarlo,
		fokker,planck,
		jin,
		magnetic,
		micromagnetics,
		montecarlo,
		particle,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1400
@article{barra0000drift,

	author = {Barra, Felipe and Gilbert, Thomas and Romo, Mauricio},
	title = {Drift of particles in self-similar systems and its Liouvillian interpretation},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651792},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e026211},
	old_keywords = {database, dynamical, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, equation, fractals, jin, liouville, master, nonlinear, probability, processes, suns, systems, transport},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e026211},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		eigenfunction,
		eigenvalue,
		fractal,
		jin,
		liouville,
		nonlinearity,
		probability,
		suns,
		transport,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1401
@article{lois0000numerical,

	author = {Lois, G. and Lemaitre, A. and Carlson, J. M.},
	title = {Numerical tests of constitutive laws for dense granular flows},
	journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We numerically and theoretically study the macroscopic properties of dense, sheared granular materials. In this process we first consider an invariance in Newton's equations, explain how it leads to Bagnold's scaling, and discuss how it relates to the dynamics of granular temperature. Next we implement numerical simulations of granular materials in two different geometries-simple shear and flow down an incline-and show that measurements can be extrapolated from one geometry to the other. Then we observe nonaffine rearrangements of clusters of grains in response to shear strain and show that fundamental observations, which served as a basis for the shear transformation zone (STZ) theory of amorphous solids [M. L. Falk and J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. E. 57, 7192 (1998); M.R.S. Bull 25, 40 (2000)], can be reproduced in granular materials. Finally we present constitutive equations for granular materials as proposed by Lemaitre [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 064303 (2002)], based on the dynamics of granular temperature and STZ theory, and show that they match remarkably well with our numerical data from both geometries.},
	address = {Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Univ Paris 06, LMDH, UMR 7603, F-75005 Paris, France},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651791},
	old_keywords = {burnett, database, jin, order, suns},
	number = {05},
	pages = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC---051303},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {72},

	keywords = {
		burnett,
		jin,
		order,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1402
@article{ferguson0000stress,

	author = {Ferguson, A. and Chakraborty, B.},
	title = {Stress and large-scale spatial structures in dense, driven granular flows - art. no. 011303},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We study the appearance of large-scale dynamical heterogeneities in a simplified model of a driven, dissipative granular system. Simulations of steady-state gravity-driven flows of inelastically colliding hard disks show the formation of large-scale linear structures of particles with a high collision frequency. These chains can be shown to carry much of the collisional stress in the system due to a dynamical correlation that develops between the momentum transfer and time between collisions in these frequently colliding particles. The lifetime of these dynamical stress heterogeneities is seen to grow as the flow velocity decreases toward jamming, leading to slowly decaying stress correlations reminiscent of the slow dynamics observed in supercooled liquids.},
	address = {Brandeis Univ, Martin Fisher Sch Phys, Waltham, MA 02454 USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651790},
	old_keywords = {database, gases, jin, suns},
	number = {01},
	pages = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC---011303},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		gas,
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1403
@article{brewster0000plug,

	author = {Brewster, R. and Grest, G. S. and Landry, J. W. and Levine, A. J.},
	title = {Plug flow and the breakdown of Bagnold scaling in cohesive granular flows - art. no. 061301},
	journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Cohesive granular media flowing down an inclined plane are studied by discrete element simulations. Previous work on cohesionless granular media demonstrated that within the steady flow regime where gravitational energy is balanced by dissipation arising from intergrain forces, the velocity profile in the flow direction scales with depth in a manner consistent with the predictions of Bagnold. Here we demonstrate that this Bagnold scaling does not hold for the analogous steady flows in cohesive granular media. We develop a generalization of the Bagnold constitutive relation to account for our observation and speculate as to the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the different constitutive laws for cohesive and noncohesive granular media.},
	address = {Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem \& Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA; BAE Syst, Burlington, MA 01803 USA},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651789},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e061301},
	old_keywords = {database, flow, granular, jin, simulation, suns},
	number = {06},
	pages = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC---061301},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e061301},
	volume = {72},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1404
@article{baras0000particle,

	author = {Baras, F. and Mansour, Malek M. and Garcia, A. L. and Mareschal, M.},
	title = {Particle Simulation of Complex Flows in Dilute Systems},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) algorithm, introduced in 1976 by G. A. Bird, proves to be extremely efficient for simulating dilute gas flows. However, due to the relatively large transport coefficients at low densities, a high Rayleigh or Reynolds number is difficult to achieve by this technique. We present a modified version of DSMC in which the relaxation processes are enhanced and the transport coefficients reduced. This is achieved by increasing the ratio between collisions and free flow of particles in a suitable way. The modified algorithm is mostly useful for statistical physics applications, since it leads to the correct fluctuation spectrum. Several computational experiments are described; they demonstrate that the correct equilibrium and nonequilibrium fluid properties are preserved. The new algorithm is shown to be significantly more efficient than molecular dynamics for simulating complex hydrodynamical flows.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651788},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45NJMWP-21/2/6ee2e2c9ac3984f37d4be38c8f12cbe5},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-104},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45NJMWP-21/2/6ee2e2c9ac3984f37d4be38c8f12cbe5},
	volume = {119},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1405
@article{garcia0000generation,

	author = {Garcia, Alejandro L. and Alder, Berni J.},
	title = {Generation of the Chapman-Enskog Distribution},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A pair of simple, efficient, and robust algorithms for generating random velocities sampled from the Chapman-Enskog distribution is presented.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651787},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45J594W-75/2/e4f404d66267add5c94d545ad2158949},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-70},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45J594W-75/2/e4f404d66267add5c94d545ad2158949},
	volume = {140},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1406
@article{garcia0000adaptive,

	author = {Garcia, Alejandro L. and Bell, John B. and Crutchfield, William Y. and Alder, Berni J.},
	title = {Adaptive Mesh and Algorithm Refinement Using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Adaptive mesh and algorithm refinement (AMAR) embeds a particle method within a continuum method at the finest level of an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hierarchy. The coupling between the particle region and the overlaying continuum grid is algorithmically equivalent to that between the fine and coarse levels of AMR. Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) is used as the particle algorithm embedded within a Godunov-type compressible Navier-Stokes solver. Several examples are presented and compared with purely continuum calculations.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651786},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45GMW6B-20/2/7707c6667dd62011f157be2e4fb18177},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-155},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45GMW6B-20/2/7707c6667dd62011f157be2e4fb18177},
	volume = {154},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1407
@article{alexander0000algorithm,

	author = {Alexander, Francis J. and Garcia, Alejandro L. and Tartakovsky, Daniel M.},
	title = {Algorithm Refinement for Stochastic Partial Differential Equations: I. Linear Diffusion},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A hybrid particle/continuum algorithm is formulated for Fickian diffusion in the fluctuating hydrodynamic limit. The particles are taken as independent random walkers; the fluctuating diffusion equation is solved by finite differences with deterministic and white-noise fluxes. At the interface between the particle and continuum computations the coupling is by flux matching, giving exact mass conservation. This methodology is an extension of Adaptive Mesh and Algorithm Refinement to stochastic partial differential equations. Results from a variety of numerical experiments are presented for both steady and time-dependent scenarios. In all cases the mean and variance of density are captured correctly by the stochastic hybrid algorithm. For a nonstochastic version (i.e., using only deterministic continuum fluxes) the mean density is correct, but the variance is reduced except in particle regions away from the interface. Extensions of the methodology to fluid mechanics applications are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651785},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-481662C-3/2/2bbb566867734ca4a2be1c8a90d68326},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-66},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-481662C-3/2/2bbb566867734ca4a2be1c8a90d68326},
	volume = {182},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1408
@article{hadjiconstantinou0000statistical,

	author = {Hadjiconstantinou, Nicolas G. and Garcia, Alejandro L. and Bazant, Martin Z. and He, Gang},
	title = {Statistical error in particle simulations of hydrodynamic phenomena},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We present predictions for the statistical error due to finite sampling in the presence of thermal fluctuations in molecular simulation algorithms. Specifically, we establish how these errors depend on Mach number, Knudsen number, number of particles, etc. Expressions for the common hydrodynamic variables of interest such as flow velocity, temperature, density, pressure, shear stress, and heat flux are derived using equilibrium statistical mechanics. Both volume-averaged and surface-averaged quantities are considered. Comparisons between theory and computations using direct simulation Monte Carlo for dilute gases, and molecular dynamics for dense fluids, show that the use of equilibrium theory provides accurate results.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651784},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-484SHBH-1/2/0ecaa095202623a2789297aae8515c48},
	old_keywords = {carlo, database, dynamics, error, fluctuations, hydrodynamics, jin, molecular, monte, sampling, statistical, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-297},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-484SHBH-1/2/0ecaa095202623a2789297aae8515c48},
	volume = {187},

	keywords = {
		montecarlo,
		dynamics,
		fluctuation,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		molecule,
		montecarlo,
		sampling,
		statistics,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1409
@article{sun0000hybrid_2,

	author = {Sun, Quanhua and Boyd, Iain D. and Candler, Graham V.},
	title = {A hybrid continuum/particle approach for modeling subsonic, rarefied gas flows},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A hybrid approach that combines a continuum approach solving the Navier-Stokes equations and a particle method called the information preservation (IP) method is implemented to simulate subsonic, rarefied gas flows accurately and efficiently. The coupling between the continuum and particle approaches relies on a continuum/particle interface, which is investigated in detail. The IP method preserves information at the macroscopic level that allows the continuum approach to directly use the information from the particle region. In order to correctly generate particles from the continuum region, two strategies are proposed. One strategy adopts a Marshak-type condition, which requires many particles in a cell to control the flux fluctuation due to the microscopic motion of particles. In the second strategy, reservoir cells and buffer cells are used, and this is the approach adopted in our general hybrid scheme. The location of the interface is determined using a continuum breakdown parameter. Studies show that the continuum breakdown parameter suggested by Garcia et al. can be used to determine the location of the interface, but the implementation of the interface also affects the location of the interface. Simulation of a flow over a flat plate shows the performance of the hybrid approach and reveals the effects of the cutoff value to a continuum breakdown parameter. This approach is also applied to study the aerodynamics of a micro-scale airfoil, which is very difficult for a single method. The hybrid approach generally spends less computational time than the IP method for rarefied gas flows, and the numerical performance of the hybrid approach depends on the number ratio of continuum cells to particle cells.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651783},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-49Y3XXG-9/2/baf4ff4c9e3610394e3ce7ce85b8009d},
	old_keywords = {approach, carlo, database, direct, dynamics, flow, gas, hybrid, information, jin, method, monte, preservation, rarefied, simulation, subsonic, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-277},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-49Y3XXG-9/2/baf4ff4c9e3610394e3ce7ce85b8009d},
	volume = {194},

	keywords = {
		montecarlo,
		dynamics,
		flow,
		gas,
		jin,
		montecarlo,
		rarefied,
		subsonic,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1410
@article{tysanner0000measurement,

	author = {Tysanner, Martin W. and Garcia, Alejandro L.},
	title = {Measurement bias of fluid velocity in molecular simulations},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In molecular simulations of fluid flow, the measurement of mean fluid velocity is considered to be a straightforward computation, yet there is some ambiguity in its definition. We show that in systems far from equilibrium, such as those with large temperature or velocity gradients, two commonly used definitions give slightly different results. Specifically, a bias can arise when computing the mean fluid velocity by measuring the mean particle velocity in a cell and averaging this mean over samples. We show that this bias comes from the correlation of momentum and density fluctuations in non-equilibrium fluids, obtain an analytical expression for predicting it, and discuss what system characteristics (e.g., number of particles per cell, temperature gradients) reduce or magnify the error. The bias has a physical origin so although we demonstrate it by direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) computations, the same effect will be observed with other particle-based simulation methods, such as molecular dynamics and lattice gases.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651782},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-4BG3N8C-1/2/fe49181604023633dcd39e5b244c1a3a},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-183},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-4BG3N8C-1/2/fe49181604023633dcd39e5b244c1a3a},
	volume = {196},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1411
@article{cafiero0000twodimensional,

	author = {Cafiero, Raffaele and Luding, Stefan and Herrmann, Hans J.},
	title = {Two-dimensional granular gas of inelastic spheres with multiplicative driving},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A 2D granular gas of inelastic spheres subject to multiplicative driving proportional to a power |(x)|<sup>\&delta;</sup> of the local particle velocity v(x) is experimentally studied. The steady state properties of the model are examined for different values of \&delta;, and compared with the homogeneous case \&delta; = 0. A driving linearly proportional to v(x) reproduces some experimental observations which could not be reproduced by a homogeneous driving. Furthermore, the system that can be homogenized even for strong dissipation can be obtained even if a driving inversely proportional to the velocity is used.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651781},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6014},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6014},
	old_keywords = {boundary, brownian, computer, conditions, database, degrees, freedom, granular, interfaces, jin, materials, mathematical, mechanics, models, monolayers, movement, of, simulation, spheres, suns},
	number = {26 pt 1},
	pages = {6017},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6014},
	volume = {84},

	keywords = {
		boundary,
		brownian,
		granular,
		interface,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		monolayer,
		motion,
		sphere,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1412
@article{tykhoniuk0000simulation,

	author = {Tykhoniuk, Rostyslav and Luding, Stefan and Tomas, Jurgen},
	title = {Simulation of Shear Dynamics of Cohesive Powders},
	journal = {Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651780},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403309},
	doi = {10.1002/cite.200403309},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {62},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403309},
	volume = {76},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1413
@article{alam0000rheology,

	author = {Alam, Meheboob and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Rheology of bidisperse granular mixtures via event-driven simulations},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The bulk rheology of bidisperse mixtures of granular materials is examined under homogeneous shear flow conditions using the event-driven simulation method. The granular material is modelled as a system of smooth inelastic disks, interacting via the hard-core potential. In order to understand the effect of size and mass disparities, two cases were examined separately, namely, a mixture of different sized particles with particles having either the same mass or the same material density. The relevant macroscopic quantities are the pressure, the shear viscosity, the granular energy (fluctuating kinetic energy) and the first normal stress difference. Numerical results for pressure, viscocity and granular energy are compared with a kinetic-theory constitutive model with excellent agreement in the low dissipation limit even at large size disparities. Systematic quantitative deviations occur for stronger dissipations. Mixtures with equal-mass particles show a stronger shear resistance than an equivalent monodisperse system; in contrast, however, mixtures with equal-density particles show a reduced shear resistance. The granular energies of the two species are unequal, implying that the equipartition principle assumed in most of the constitutive models does not hold. Inelasticity is responsible for the onset of energy non-equipartition, but mass disparity significantly enhances its magnitude. This lack of energy equipartition can lead to interesting non-monotonic variations of the pressure, viscosity and granular energy with the mass ratio if the size ratio is held fixed, while the model predictions (with the equipartition assumption) suggest a monotonic behaviour in the same limit. In general, the granular fluid is non-Newtonian with a measurable first normal stress difference (which is positive if the stress is defined in the compressive sense), and the effect of bidispersity is to increase the normal stress difference, thus enhancing the non-Newtonian character of the fluid.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651779},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002211200200263X},
	doi = {10.1017/S002211200200263X},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, density, energy, flow, granular, gravity, jin, kinetic, materials, rheology, shear, simulation, specific, suns, viscosity},
	number = {476},
	pages = {103},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002211200200263X},
	volume = {476},

	keywords = {
		density,
		energy,
		flow,
		granular,
		gravity,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		material,
		rheology,
		shear,
		suns,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1414
@article{madadi0000fabric,

	author = {Madadi, Mahyar and Tsoungui, Olivier and Latzel, Marc and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {On the fabric tensor of polydisperse granular materials in 2D},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The trace of the fabric tensor in static, isotropic, two-dimensional, frictionless, polydisperse granular materials is examined theoretically and numerically. In the monodisperse case, the trace of the fabric tensor equals the product of volume fraction and coordination number-thus the fabrics trace can be seen as contact density. For various size distributions, we obtain a correction factor to the monodisperse observation, which involves the first three moments of the particle size distribution function. The theoretical prediction is found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations of static frictionless systems. \&copy; 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651778},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.12.005},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.12.005},
	old_keywords = {analysis, computer, database, fraction, granular, jin, materials, particle, simulation, size, suns, tensors, volume},
	number = {9-10},
	pages = {2580},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.12.005},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		particle,
		suns,
		tensor,
		volume,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1415
@article{luding0000molecular_2,

	author = {Luding, Stefan and Santos, Andres},
	title = {Molecular dynamics and theory for the contact values of the radial distribution functions of hard-disk fluid mixtures},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report molecular dynamics results for the contact values of the radial distribution functions of binary additive mixtures of hard disks. The simulation data are compared with theoretical predictions from expressions proposed by Jenkins and Mancini [J. Appl. Mech. 54, 27 (1987)] and Santos et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 5785 (2002)]. Both theories agree quantitatively within a very small margin, which renders the former still a very useful and simple tool to work with. The latter (higher-order and self-consistent) theory provides a small qualitative correction for low densities and is superior especially in the high-density domain. \&copy; 2004 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651777},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1797213},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1797213},
	old_keywords = {approximation, beams, binary, computer, database, disk, dynamics, equations, hard, jin, laser, mixtures, molecular, of, simulation, state, storage, suns, theory},
	number = {17},
	pages = {8465},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:32},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1797213},
	volume = {121},

	keywords = {
		beam,
		binary,
		disc,
		dynamics,
		hard,
		jin,
		laser,
		mixing,
		molecule,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1416
@article{luding0000micromacro_1,

	author = {Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Micro-macro transition for anisotropic, frictional granular packings},
	journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {From the structure of a static granular solid, we derive the fabric and the stiffness tensor in average over those pairs of interacting particles with contact within the averaging volume. Starting from a linear expansion of the interaction potential around static equilibrium, stress and elastic strain can be derived from the principles of virtual displacement and virtual stress-change, respectively. Our approach includes both normal and tangential forces separately, in a new modular formulation starting from single contacts. The results are applied to a discrete particle simulation, and the findings include a relation between fabric and coordination number that is almost unaffected by the presence of friction, a different qualitative behavior of fabric and stiffness components, and only three independent entries to the stiffness matrix in its eigen-system. More general, anisotropy evolves directed against the direction of compression, and exponentially fast up to a certain maximal (limit) magnitude - a constitutive model for this behavior is proposed; in the critical state shear regime, the anisotropy is considerably smaller. \&copy; 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651776},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.048},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.048},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, computer, database, deformation, difference, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, fabrics, finite, friction, jin, materials, mathematical, matrix, method, models, science, simulation, stiffness, suns, tensors},
	number = {21},
	pages = {5836},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.048},
	volume = {41},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		deformation,
		eigenfunction,
		eigenvalue,
		fabric,
		friction,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		matrix,
		model,
		stiffness,
		suns,
		tensor,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1417
@article{cafiero0000mean,

	author = {Cafiero, Raffaele and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Mean field theory for a driven granular gas of frictional particles},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We propose a mean field (MF) theory for a homogeneously driven granular gas of inelastic particles with Coulomb friction. The model contains three parameters, a normal restitution coefficient r<sub>n</sub>, a maximum tangential restitution coefficient r<sub>t</sub><sup>m</sup> and a Coulomb friction coefficient \&mu;. The parameters can be tuned to explore a wide range of physical situations. In particular, the model contains the frequently used \&mu;-\&gt; infinity  limit as a special case. The MF theory is compared with the numerical simulations of a randomly driven monolayer of spheres for a wide range of parameter values. If the system is far away from the clustering instability (r<sub>n</sub> approximately equals 1), we obtain a good agreement between mean field and simulations for \&mu; = 0.5 and r<sub>t</sub><sup>m</sup> = 0.4, but for much smaller values of r<sub>n</sub> the agreement is less good. We discuss the reasons of this discrepancy and possible refinements of our computational scheme.},
	address = {Rome, Italy},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651775},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00630-5},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00630-5},
	old_keywords = {database, friction, granular, jin, materials, mathematical, models, suns},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {147},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00630-5},
	volume = {280},

	keywords = {
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		model,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1418
@article{alam0000kinetic,

	author = {Alam, Meheboob and Willits, Jeffrey T. and Arnarson, Birgir O. and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Kinetic theory of a binary mixture of nearly elastic disks with size and mass disparity},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Corrections are provided for two transport coefficients derived by Willits and Arnarson [Phys. Fluids 11, 3116 (1999)] for a binary mixture of nearly elastic, circular disks using the revised Enskog theory. The corrected viscosity coefficient is compared to the shear viscosity obtained from simulation results of a bidisperse mixture of inelastic, hard disks, undergoing uniform shear flow. The agreement is good for a wide range of sizes and masses. \&copy; 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651774},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1509066},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1509066},
	old_keywords = {computer, database, flow, jin, kinetic, properties, shear, simulation, suns, theory, transport, viscosity},
	number = {11},
	pages = {4087},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1509066},
	volume = {14},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		shear,
		suns,
		transport,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1419
@article{luding0000granular_1,

	author = {Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Granular media: Information propagation},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The transmission of force through granular matter such as sand is a crucial consideration in certain applications. The behaviour observed depends on the particle interactions as well as on the length scale involved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651773},
	old_keywords = {database, dissemination, granular, information, jin, materials, suns},
	number = {7039},
	pages = {160},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {435},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1420
@article{luding0000from_2,

	author = {Luding, Stefan},
	title = {From microscopic simulations to macroscopic material behavior},
	journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {One challenge in computational physics is to bridge the gap between microscopic, "atomistic" sizes and the macroscopic length scale of experimental observation. First, an efficient algorithm for hard sphere molecular dynamics is presented, allowing for many-particle simulations of, e.g., granular systems. In the next step, a "micro-macro" transition is introduced which enables continuum quantities like the stress tensor to be accessed. The approach is used for dense and dissipative gases but can also be applied to more complicated systems like membranes. \&copy; 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.},
	address = {Aachen, Germany},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651772},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00232-1},
	doi = {10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00232-1},
	old_keywords = {algorithm, continuum, database, equations, granular, jin, materials, mechanics, of, state, stresses, suns},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {140},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00232-1},
	volume = {147},

	keywords = {
		continuum,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mechanics,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1421
@article{alam0000first,

	author = {Alam, Meheboob and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {First normal stress difference and crystallization in a dense sheared granular fluid},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The first normal stress difference (N<sub>1</sub>) and the microstructure in a dense sheared granular fluid of smooth inelastic hard-disks are probed using event-driven simulations. While the anisotropy in the second moment of fluctuation velocity, which is a Burnett-order effect, is known to be the progenitor of normal stress differences in dilute granular fluids, we show here that the collisional anisotropies are responsible for the normal stress behavior in the dense limit. As in the elastic hard-sphere fluids, N<sub>1</sub> remains positive (if the stress is defined in the compressive sense) for dilute and moderately dense flows, but becomes negative above a critical density, depending on the restitution coefficient. This sign-reversal of N<sub>1</sub> occurs due to the microstructural reorganization of the particles, which can be correlated with a preferred value of the average collision angle \&theta;<sub>av</sub>=\&pi;/4\&plusmn;\&pi;/2 in the direction opposing the shear. We also report on the shear-induced crystal-formation, signaling the onset of fluid-solid coexistence in dense granular fluids. Different approaches to take into account the normal stress differences are discussed in the framework of the relaxation-type rheological models. \&copy; 2003 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651771},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1587723},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1587723},
	old_keywords = {analysis, crystallization, database, granular, jin, materials, rheology, stress, suns},
	number = {8},
	pages = {2312},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1587723},
	volume = {15},

	keywords = {
		crystallization,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		rheology,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1422
@article{alam0000energy,

	author = {Alam, Meheboob and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Energy nonequipartition, rheology, and microstructure in sheared bidisperse granular mixtures},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Event-driven simulations of smooth inelastic hard disks are used to probe the transport properties and the microstructure of bidisperse granular mixtures. A generic feature of such mixtures is that the two species have different levels of fluctuation kinetic energy (T<sub>l</sub> does not equal T<sub>s</sub>) in contrast with their elastic counterpart. The microscopic mechanism for this energy nonequipartition is shown to be directly tied to the asymmetric nature of collisional probabilities between the heavier and lighter species, compared to their purely elastic counterpart. The degree of collisional asymmetry increases with both increasing inelasticity and mass disparity, thereby increasing the energy ratio T<sub>l</sub>/T<sub>s</sub> in the same limit. A phenomenological constitutive model, that incorporates energy nonequipartition, captures the nonmonotonic behavior of the transport coefficients, in agreement with the simulation results, whereas the standard constitutive model with equipartition assumption predicts monotonic variations. The sheared granular mixture readily forms clusters, having striped patterns along the extensional axis of the flow. The microstructural flow features are extracted by measuring the cluster-size distributions, the pair-correlation function and the collision-angle distribution. While the inelastic dissipation is responsible for the onset of clustering, we have found that the mass disparity between the two species enhances the degree of clustering significantly in the sense that the size of the largest cluster increases with increasing mass disparity. At the microscopic level, the particle motion becomes more and more streamlined (i.e., ordered along the streamwise direction which is also a signature of enhanced short-range correlations) with increasing dissipation and mass disparity, which is responsible for the enhanced first normal stress difference in the same limit. \&copy; 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651770},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1938567},
	doi = {10.1063/1.1938567},
	old_keywords = {correlation, database, elasticity, energy, examination, granular, jin, kinetic, materials, mathematical, microscopic, microstructure, models, rheology, shearing, suns, theory},
	number = {6},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1938567},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		elasticity,
		energy,
		granular,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		material,
		mathematics,
		microscopy,
		microstructure,
		model,
		rheology,
		shear,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1423
@article{mcnamara0000energy_1,

	author = {McNamara, Sean and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Energy nonequipartition in systems of inelastic, rough spheres},
	journal = {Physical Review E. Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651769},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2247},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2247},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {2-B},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2247},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1424
@article{mcnamara0000energy_2,

	author = {McNamara, Sean and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Energy flows in vibrated granular media},
	journal = {Physical Review E. Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651768},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.813},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.58.813},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.813},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1425
@article{quinn0000does,

	author = {Quinn, Paul V. and Hong, Daniel C. and Luding, Stefan and Canul-Chay, G. A. and Belmont, P. A. and Nahmad-Molinari, Y. and Ruiz-Suarez, J. C.},
	title = {Does the reverse Brazil nut problem exist? (multiple letters)},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651767},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189601},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189601},
	old_keywords = {condensation, database, diagrams, dynamics, effects, gravitation, jin, molecular, phase, reactions, suns, thermal},
	number = {18},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189601},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		condensation,
		dynamics,
		gravity,
		jin,
		molecule,
		phase,
		reaction,
		suns,
		thermal,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1426
@article{muth0000contact,

	author = {Muth, Beate and Eberhard, Peter and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Contact Simulation for Many Particles Considering Adhesion},
	journal = {Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This article deals with the calculation and administration of contact between many moving bodies in the planar case. The main issue is the contact determination between bodies of either round or polygonal shape. The modeling is done by means of molecular dynamics to investigate the motion of many bodies very efficiently. Besides elastic normal forces, which prevent penetration of the bodies, damping forces and adhesion is described and considered for the computations. Our interest is directed toward collision detection. By means of sorting algorithms, neighboring bodies are found easily and, therefore, systems consisting of a large number of bodies can be determined efficiently.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651766},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SME-120022858},
	doi = {10.1081/SME-120022858},
	old_keywords = {algorithm, computer, database, dynamics, elastic, jin, moduli, molecular, simulation, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {457},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SME-120022858},
	volume = {31},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		elasticity,
		jin,
		modulus,
		molecule,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1427
@article{quinn0000comment,

	author = {Quinn, Paul V. and Hong, Daniel C. and Luding, Stefan and Walliser, H.},
	title = {Comment on "reverse Brazil nut problem: Competition between percolation and condensation" (multiple letters)},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651765},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189603},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189603},
	old_keywords = {analysis, computer, condensation, database, dynamics, energy, entropy, free, jin, molecular, numerical, percolation, reactions, simulation, solid, state, suns},
	number = {18},
	pages = {1},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.189603},
	volume = {89},

	keywords = {
		condensation,
		dynamics,
		energy,
		entropy,
		jin,
		molecule,
		numeric,
		percolation,
		reaction,
		solid,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1428
@article{luding0000anisotropy_2,

	author = {Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Anisotropy in cohesive, frictional granular media},
	journal = {Journal of Physics Condensed Matter},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The modelling of cohesive, frictional granular materials with a discrete particle molecular dynamics is reviewed. From the structure of the quasi-static granular solid, the fabric, stress, and stiffness tensors are determined, including both normal and tangential forces. The influence of the material properties on the flow behaviour is also reported, including relations between the microscopic attractive force and the macroscopic cohesion as well as the dependence of the macroscopic friction on the microscopic contact friction coefficient. Related to the dynamics, the anisotropy of both structure and stress are exponentially approaching the maximum. \&copy; 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651764},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/017},
	doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/017},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, computer, control, database, dynamics, force, friction, jin, molecular, simulation, stiffness, suns, tensors},
	number = {24},
	pages = {2640 -},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/017},
	volume = {17},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		control,
		dynamics,
		force,
		friction,
		jin,
		molecule,
		stiffness,
		suns,
		tensor,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1429
@article{luding0000anisotropic,

	author = {Luding, Stefan and Tykhoniak, Rostyslav and Tomas, Jurgen},
	title = {Anisotropic material behavior in dense, cohesive-frictional powders},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering and Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The goal of this study is to examine the cohesion and the anisotropy in dense, cohesive powders. This is done by using a discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of a biaxial box deformation. Our approach includes normal (repulsive/cohesive) as well as tangential forces. Reorganization of the contact network first leads to anisotropy and later to shear band formation and softening behavior from the macroscopic point of view. Both cohesion and friction enhance the material strength. An important result is the fact that the macroscopic cohesion can be related to the maximal microscopic attractive force.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651763},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200303236},
	doi = {10.1002/ceat.200303236},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, computer, database, deformation, difference, finite, friction, jin, materials, method, of, simulation, strength, suns},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1232},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200303236},
	volume = {26},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		deformation,
		friction,
		jin,
		material,
		strength,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1430
@article{alonso0000analysis,

	author = {Alonso Marroquin, Fernando and Herrmann, Hans and Luding, Stefan},
	title = {Analysis of the elasto-plastic response of a polygonal packing},
	journal = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Materials Division (Publication) MD},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We investigate the constitutive response of two-dimensional packed samples of polygons using molecular dynamics simulation. The incremental elasto-plastic response is examined in the pre-failure regime. Besides the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio, an additional parameter must be included, which takes into account the anisotropy of the elastic response. The plastic deformations are described by the introduction of the yield and the flow directions. These directions do not agree, which reproduces the non-associated feature of realistic soils. In order to detect the yield surface, different loading-unloading-reloadmg tests were performed. During the reload path, it is found that the yielding develops continuously with the amplitude of loading, which does not allow to identify a purely elastic regime.},
	address = {New Orleans, LO, United States},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651762},
	old_keywords = {anisotropy, computer, database, deformation, elastic, elastoplasticity, jin, methods, moduli, numerical, packing, simulation, soils, strain, stresses, suns},
	pages = {342},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {97},

	keywords = {
		anisotropy,
		deformation,
		elasticity,
		elasticity,plasticity,
		jin,
		modulus,
		numeric,
		packing,
		soil,
		strain,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1431
@article{luding0000discrete_3,

	author = {Luding, Stefan and Manetsberger, Karsten and Mullers, Johannes},
	title = {A discrete model for long time sintering},
	journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A discrete model for the sintering of polydisperse, inhomogeneous arrays of cylinders is presented with empirical contact force-laws, taking into account plastic deformations, cohesion, temperature dependence (melting), and long-time effects. Samples are prepared under constant isotropic load and are sintered for different sintering times. Increasing both external load and sintering time leads to a stronger, stiffer sample after cooling down. The material behavior is interpreted from both microscopic and macroscopic points of view. Among the interesting results is the observation that the coordination number, even though it has the tendency to increase, sometimes slightly decreases, whereas the density continuously increases during sintering - this is interpreted as an indicator of reorganization effects in the packing. Another result of this study is the finding that strongly attractive contacts occur during cool-down of the sample and leave a sintered block of material with almost equally strong attractive and repulsive contact forces. \&copy; 2004 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651761},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2004.07.001},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmps.2004.07.001},
	old_keywords = {analysis, compression, continuum, database, deformation, difference, finite, jin, mathematical, mechanics, method, models, plastic, stress, suns, testing},
	number = {2},
	pages = {491},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2004.07.001},
	volume = {53},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		continuum,
		deformation,
		jin,
		mathematics,
		mechanics,
		model,
		plastic,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1432
@article{goldenberg0000friction_1,

	author = {Goldenberg, C. and Goldhirsch, I.},
	title = {Friction enhances elasticity in granular solids},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651760},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03497},
	comment = {10.1038/nature03497},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03497},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {7039},
	pages = {-191},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03497},
	volume = {435},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1433
@article{subramaniam0000mixing,

	author = {Subramaniam, S. and Pope, S. B.},
	title = {A mixing model for turbulent reactive flows based on Euclidean minimum spanning trees},
	journal = {Combustion and Flame},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In modeling turbulent reactive flows based on the transport equation for the joint probability density function (jpdf) of velocity and composition, the change in fluid composition due to convection and reaction is treated exactly, while molecular mixing has to be modeled. A new mixing model is proposed, which is local in composition space and which seeks to address problems encountered in flows with simultaneous mixing and reaction. In this model the change in particle composition is determined by particle interactions along the edges of a Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST) constructed in composition space. Results obtained for the model problem of passive scalars evolving under the influence of a mean scalar gradient in homogeneous turbulence are found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental findings of Sirivat and Warhaft (1983). The model is applied to the diffusion flame test model problem proposed by Norris and Pope (1991) and its performance is found to be superior to that of existing models. The essential feature of the new EMST mixing model, which accounts for its success in the diffusion flame test, is that mixing is modeled locally in composition space.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651759},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {-514},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {115},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1434
@article{xu0000assessment,

	author = {Xu, J. and Pope, S. B.},
	title = {Assessment of Numerical Accuracy of PDF/Monte Carlo Methods for Turbulent Reacting Flows},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This study is to explore the numerical features of a particle-mesh algorithm developed for a stand-alone joint velocity-frequency-composition PDF method for turbulent reactive flows. Numerical experiments are performed on a piloted-jet nonpremixed turbulent flame of methane to characterize and quantify various numerical errors in terms of numerical parameters: number of particles per cellNpc, number of cells M2, and time step \$[\$Delta\$]\$ t. First, a stationary solution is obtained and is verified to be independent of the time step \$[\$Delta\$]\$ t. Then, the total numerical error is identified as statistical error, bias, and discretization error. It is revealed that the statistical error converges as Npc-1/2, and the bias as Npc-1. The statistical error can be reduced by time-averaging or by performing multiple independent simulation (e.g., with a parallelized program). Finally, the scheme is shown to be second-order accurate--the spatial discretization error converging as M-2. A modified turbulence frequency model based on the turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio is shown to improve the numerical behavior of the turbulence model. These results demonstrate that the particle-mesh method is convergent. Also, the optimal numerical parameters, minimizing computational cost subject to a specified error tolerance, are estimated. An error reduction scheme, similar to Richardson extrapolation, is proposed and shown to be quite effective in reducing the deterministic error.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651758},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45GMW8W-3S/2/6762edc92f597f5cea88fcae3ee84801},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-230},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHY-45GMW8W-3S/2/6762edc92f597f5cea88fcae3ee84801},
	volume = {152},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1435
@article{li0000compromise,

	author = {Li, Jinghai},
	title = {Compromise and resolution -- Exploring the multi-scale nature of gas-solid fluidization},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Research strategy in studying gas-solid fluidization at the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy (ICM) is outlined. Particle-fluid compromise is recognized to be the origin of the multi-scale dissipative structure in the system, to which multiple resolution is applied, leading to the establishment of the variational criterion for stability and the critical condition for choking. The dynamic behavior of such a heterogeneous structure in fluidized systems is formulated by carrying out wavelet analysis and resolving the whole process with respect first to scale, and then, to time and amplitude. Average approaches, as commonly used, are considered to be inadequate to describe transport behaviors in gas-solid fluidization. Discrete computer simulation on micro-scale is regarded to be a promising approach to further understanding of the complicated mechanism of particle-fluid interaction.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651757},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-40NMV2Y-N/2/cdd6eb9b7f8c74b2221fdcb2a0b2bd5f},
	old_keywords = {database, fluidization, gas-solid, interaction, jin, multi-scale, particle-fluid, stability, suns},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {-59},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH9-40NMV2Y-N/2/cdd6eb9b7f8c74b2221fdcb2a0b2bd5f},
	volume = {111},

	keywords = {
		fluidization,
		gas,solid,
		interaction,
		jin,
		multiscale,
		particle,fluid,
		stability,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1436
@article{bose0000brazil,

	author = {Bose, M. and Kumar, U. U. and Nott, P. R. and Kumaran, V.},
	title = {Brazil nut effect and excluded volume attraction in vibrofluidized granular mixtures},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651756},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e021305},
	old_keywords = {convection, database, flow, fluidisation, granular, jin, materials, percolation, suns, vibrations},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e021305},
	volume = {72},

	keywords = {
		convection,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		percolation,
		suns,
		vibration,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1437
@article{jain0000combined,

	author = {Jain, Nitin and Ottino, Julio M. and Lueptow, Richard M.},
	title = {Combined size and density segregation and mixing in noncircular tumblers},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651755},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e051301},
	old_keywords = {chaos, database, flow, granular, jin, materials, particle, percolation, segregation, size, steel, suns},
	number = {5},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:31},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e051301},
	volume = {71},

	keywords = {
		chaos,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		particle,
		percolation,
		segregation,
		steel,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1438
@article{martys0000bbgkybased,

	author = {Martys, Nicos S.},
	title = {A BBGKY-based density gradient approximation of interparticle forces: Application for discrete Boltzmann methods},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The force term accounting for interparticle interactions, with application to discrete Boltzmann simulation methods, is derived using a density gradient expansion of the BBGKY collision operator. It is shown that previous calculations, based on essentially the same mean-field-theory philosophy, do not apply the density gradient approximation in a self consistent fashion. Thus these previous models have errors in the second virial coefficient as well as coefficients associated with gradient terms in the pressure tensor. This new treatment corrects these shortcomings.},
	booktitle = {Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651754},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4H8NNP6-1/2/674dd770255ef80d83b6ca307a9aab44},
	old_keywords = {boltzmann, database, fluids, jin, lattice, mean-field-theory, multiphase, suns, theory},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-61},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4H8NNP6-1/2/674dd770255ef80d83b6ca307a9aab44},
	volume = {362},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		fluid,
		jin,
		lattice,
		multiphase,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1439
@article{goldhirsch0000rapid,

	author = {Goldhirsch, Isaac},
	title = {RAPID GRANULAR FLOWS},
	journal = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The recent avalanche of research activity in the field of granular matter has yielded much progress. The use of state-of-the-art (and other) computational and experimental methods has led to the discovery of new states and patterns and enabled detailed tests of theories and models. The application of statistical mechanical methods and phenomenology has contributed to the understanding of the microscopic a nd macroscopic properties of granular systems. Some previously open problems seem to be solved. Fluidized granular systems (rapid granular flows), recently referred to as granular gases, are often modeled by hydrodynamic equations of motion, some of which are based on systematic expansions applied to the pertinent Boltzmann equation. The undeniable success of granular hydrodynamics is somewhat surprising in view of the lack of scale separation in these systems and the neglect of certain correlations in most derivations of the hydrodynamic equations. Microstructures have been recognized as key features of granular gases; explanations for their existence have been proposed, and many of their properties elucidated. Granular-gas multistability can often be traced back to microstructure dynamics. In spite of these and other impressive advances, this field still poses serious challenges.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651753},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161114},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-293},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161114},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1440
@article{settles0000fluid,

	author = {Settles, Gary S.},
	title = {FLUID MECHANICS AND HOMELAND SECURITY},
	journal = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Homeland security involves many applications of fluid mechanics and offers many opportunities for research and development. This review explores a wide selection of fluids topics in counterterrorism and suggests future directions. Broad topics range from preparedness and deterrence of impending terrorist attacks to detection, response, and recovery. Specific topics include aircraft hardening, blast mitigation, sensors and sampling, explosive detection, microfluidics and labs-on-a-chip, chemical plume dispersal in urban settings, and building ventilation. Also discussed are vapor plumes and standoff detection, nonlethal weapons, airborne disease spread, personal protective equipment, and decontamination. Involvement in these applications requires fluid dynamicists to think across the traditional boundaries of the field and to work with related disciplines, especially chemistry, biology, aerosol science, and atmospheric science.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651752},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092111},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {110},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092111},
	volume = {38},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1441
@article{ebron0000fuelpowered,

	author = {Ebron, Von H. and Yang, Zhiwei and Seyer, Daniel J. and Kozlov, Mikhail E. and Oh, Jiyoung and Xie, Hui and Razal, Joselito and Hall, Lee J. and Ferraris, John P. and MacDiarmid, Alan G. and Baughman, Ray H.},
	title = {Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles},
	journal = {Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Artificial muscles and electric motors found in autonomous robots and prosthetic limbs are typically battery-powered, which severely restricts the duration of their performance and can necessitate long inactivity during battery recharge. To help solve these problems, we demonstrated two types of artificial muscles that convert the chemical energy of high-energy-density fuels to mechanical energy. The first type stores electrical charge and uses changes in stored charge for mechanical actuation. In contrast with electrically powered electrochemical muscles, only half of the actuator cycle is electrochemical. The second type of fuel-powered muscle provides a demonstrated actuator stroke and power density comparable to those of natural skeletal muscle and generated stresses that are over a hundred times higher.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651751},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5767/1580},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {5767},
	pages = {1583},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5767/1580},
	volume = {311},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1442
@article{garzo0000transport,

	author = {Garzo, Vicente},
	title = {Transport coefficients for an inelastic gas around uniform shear flow: Linear stability analysis},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The inelastic Boltzmann equation for a granular gas is applied to spatially inhomogeneous states close to uniform shear flow. A normal solution is obtained via a Chapman-Enskog-like expansion around a local shear flow distribution. The heat and momentum fluxes are determined to first order in the deviations of the hydrodynamic field gradients from their values in the reference state. The corresponding transport coefficients are determined from a set of coupled linear integral equations which are approximately solved by using a kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation. The main new ingredient in this expansion is that the reference state f(0) (zeroth-order approximation) retains all the hydrodynamic orders in the shear rate. In addition, since the collisional cooling cannot be compensated locally for viscous heating, the distribution f(0) depends on time through its dependence on temperature. This means that in general, for a given degree of inelasticity, the complete nonlinear dependence of the transport coefficients on the shear rate requires analysis of the unsteady hydrodynamic behavior. To simplify the analysis, the steady-state conditions have been considered here in order to perform a linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamic equations with respect to the uniform shear flow state. Conditions for instabilities at long wavelengths are identified and discussed. \copyright  2006 The American Physical Society},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651750},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e021304},
	old_keywords = {boltzmann, database, equation, equations, flow, granular, hydrodynamics, instability, integral, jin, kinetic, processes, shear, suns, theory, transport},
	number = {2},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e021304},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		flow,
		granular,
		hydrodynamics,
		instability,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		shear,
		suns,
		transport,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1443
@article{eyink0000onsager,

	author = {Eyink, Gregory L. and Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.},
	title = {Onsager and the theory of hydrodynamic turbulence},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651749},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v78/p87},
	old_keywords = {boltzmann, database, equation, hydrodynamics, jin, poisson, suns, thermodynamics, turbulence, vortices},
	number = {1},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v78/p87},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		boltzmann,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		poisson,
		suns,
		thermodynamics,
		turbulence,
		vortex,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1444
@article{kim0000inhomogeneous,

	author = {Kim, Dong-Hee and Jeong, Hawoong},
	title = {Inhomogeneous substructures hidden in random networks},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651748},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e037102},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, large-scale, processes, random, suns, systems, topology},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e037102},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		random,
		suns,
		topology,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1445
@article{kuerten0000subgrid,

	author = {Kuerten, J. G. M.},
	title = {Subgrid modeling in particle-laden channel flow},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651747},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/18/025108/1},
	old_keywords = {boundary, channel, database, deconvolution, drag, flow, fluctuations, interpolation, jin, layer, multiphase, simulation, suns, turbulence, viscosity},
	number = {2},
	pages = {AIP+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/18/025108/1},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		boundary,
		channel,
		drag,
		flow,
		fluctuation,
		interpolation,
		jin,
		layer,
		multiphase,
		suns,
		turbulence,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1446
@article{falkovich0000particles,

	author = {Falkovich, G. and Gaw\c{e}dzki, K. and Vergassola, M.},
	title = {Particles and fields in fluid turbulence},
	journal = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The understanding of fluid turbulence has considerably progressed in recent years. The application of the methods of statistical mechanics to the description of the motion of fluid particles, i.e., to the Lagrangian dynamics, has led to a new quantitative theory of intermittency in turbulent transport. The first analytical description of anomalous scaling laws in turbulence has been obtained. The underlying physical mechanism reveals the role of statistical integrals of motion in nonequilibrium systems. For turbulent transport, the statistical conservation laws are hidden in the evolution of groups of fluid particles and arise from the competition between the expansion of a group and the change of its geometry. By breaking the scale-invariance symmetry, the statistically conserved quantities lead to the observed anomalous scaling of transported fields. Lagrangian methods also shed new light on some practical issues, such as mixing and turbulent magnetic dynamo.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651746},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v73/p913},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns, turbulence},
	number = {4},
	pages = {-975},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v73/p913},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		turbulence,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1447
@article{barabasi0000physics,

	author = {Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo and Albert, Reka and Schiffer, Peter},
	title = {The physics of sand castles: maximum angle of stability in wet and dry granular media},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We demonstrate that stability criteria can be used to calculate the maximum angle of stability, \$[\$theta\$]\$m, of a granular medium composed of spherical particles in three dimensions and circular discs in two dimensions. We apply the results to wet granular material by calculating the dependence of \$[\$theta\$]\$m on the liquid content of the material. The results are in good agreement with our experimental data.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651745},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3WCYF9M-1X/2/83810cbcb27c1912e02ea7e7297efe93},
	old_keywords = {angle, database, granular, jin, maximum, medium, sand, suns},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {-371},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3WCYF9M-1X/2/83810cbcb27c1912e02ea7e7297efe93},
	volume = {266},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		jin,
		medium,
		sand,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1448
@article{albert0000statistical,

	author = {Albert, Reka and Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo},
	title = {Statistical mechanics of complex network},
	journal = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651744},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v74/p47},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, mechanics, networks, statistical, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-97},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v74/p47},
	volume = {74},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		mechanics,
		network,
		statistics,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1449
@article{chang0000dynamics,

	author = {Chang, Rakwoo and Yethiraj, Arun},
	title = {Dynamics of Chain Molecules in Disordered Materials},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651743},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e107802},
	old_keywords = {database, diffusion, dynamics, glass, jin, liquid, method, molecular, structure, suns, supercooling},
	number = {10},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e107802},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		diffusion,
		dynamics,
		glass,
		jin,
		liquid,
		molecule,
		structure,
		suns,
		supercooling,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1450
@article{lions0000from,

	author = {Lions and Masmoudi, N.},
	title = {From the Boltzmann Equations to the Equations of Incompressible Fluid Mechanics, I},
	journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651742},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s002050100143},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {-193},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&\#38;id=doi:10.1007/s002050100143},
	volume = {158},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1451
@article{campbell0000stresscontrolled,

	author = {Campbell, Charles S.},
	title = {Stress-controlled elastic granular shear flows},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {While many rheological studies are performed at a fixed concentration, most granular flows are constrained, not by concentration, but by an applied stress. The stress constraint sets the average concentration, but the material is free to vary that concentration slightly to match the applied stress with that generated internally. This study examines stress-controlled systems in light of recent findings that the elastic properties of the particles appear as constitutive parameters even in flowing situations. Stress-controlled flows are shown to behave very differently from flows at fixed concentration. In particular, if the stress is fixed and the shear rate is slowly increased, the flow exhibits the expected progression from elastic-quasi-static to elastic-inertial to inertial flow - a sequence opposite to that followed in fixed-concentration flows. Thus system-scale constraints can have a profound effect on granular rheology. \copyright  2005 Cambridge University Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651741},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0022-1120},
	old_keywords = {control, database, elasticity, flow, granular, jin, materials, matter, particles, particulate, rheology, shear, stresses, suns},
	pages = {-297},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:30},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 10011-4211, United States},
	volume = {539},

	keywords = {
		control,
		elasticity,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		matter,
		particle,
		particle,
		rheology,
		shear,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1452
@article{baldassarri0000brownian,

	author = {Baldassarri, A. and Dalton, F. and Petri, A. and Zapperi, S. and Pontuale, G. and Pietronero, L.},
	title = {Brownian Forces in Sheared Granular Matter},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651740},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e118002},
	old_keywords = {barkhausen, brownian, couette, database, effect, flow, granular, jin, materials, motion, suns},
	number = {11},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e118002},
	volume = {96},

	keywords = {
		barkhausen,
		brownian,
		couette,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		motion,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1453
@article{weisse0000kernel,

	author = {Weisse, Alexander and Wellein, Gerhard and Alvermann, Andreas and Fehske, Holger},
	title = {The kernel polynomial method},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651739},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v78/p275},
	old_keywords = {carlo, correlations, database, electron, electron-phonon, interactions, jin, methods, monte, perturbation, polynomials, reviews, spin, suns, systems, theory},
	number = {1},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v78/p275},
	volume = {78},

	keywords = {
		montecarlo,
		electron,
		electron,phonon,
		interaction,
		jin,
		montecarlo,
		perturbation,
		polynomial,
		spin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1454
@article{arenas0000existence,

	author = {Arenas, Alexandre and Chorin, Alexandre J.},
	title = {On the existence and scaling of structure functions in turbulence according to the data},
	journal = {PNAS},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We sample a velocity field that has an inertial spectrum and a skewness that matches experimental data. In particular, we compute a self-consistent correction to the Kolmogorov exponent and find that for our model it is zero. We find that the higher-order structure functions diverge for orders larger than a certain threshold, as theorized in some recent work. The significance of the results for the statistical theory of homogeneous turbulence is reviewed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651738},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/12/4352},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {12},
	pages = {4355},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/12/4352},
	volume = {103},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1455
@article{chun0000inertial,

	author = {Chun, B. and Ladd, A. J. C.},
	title = {Inertial migration of neutrally buoyant particles in a square duct: An investigation of multiple equilibrium positions},
	journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651737},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/18/031704/1},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, flow, jin, laminar, numerical, pipe, simulation, suns, suspensions, two-phase},
	number = {3},
	pages = {AIP+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PHF/18/031704/1},
	volume = {18},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		jin,
		laminar,
		numeric,
		pipe,
		suns,
		suspension,
		twophase,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1456
@article{edwards0000equations,

	author = {Edwards, S. F.},
	title = {The equations of stress in a granular material},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651736},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-14/2/810c48c3776d4653f40e7ed3b973dcc1},
	old_keywords = {analysis, contacts, database, equations, equilibrium, four, functions, granular, jin, materials, mechanics, methods, numerical, of, point, spheres, static, stress, suns, vectors},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {-231},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-14/2/810c48c3776d4653f40e7ed3b973dcc1},
	volume = {249},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		equilibrium,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mechanics,
		numeric,
		point,
		sphere,
		static,
		stress,
		suns,
		vector,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1457
@article{makse0000modeling,

	author = {Makse, Hernan A. and Cizeau, Pierre and Stanley, H. Eugene},
	title = {Modeling stratification in two-dimensional sandpiles},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651735},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-22/2/429f5d858df9741d929e7792b49c0f7d},
	old_keywords = {angle, database, granular, jin, materials, mathematical, mixtures, models, of, physical, properties, repose, sandpile, separation, stratification, suns, two-dimensional},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {-396},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-22/2/429f5d858df9741d929e7792b49c0f7d},
	volume = {249},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mixing,
		model,
		physical,
		repose,
		sand,pile,
		separation,
		stratification,
		suns,
		2d,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1458
@article{levitan0000segregation,

	author = {Levitan, Boris},
	title = {Segregation and coarsening of granular mixture in a rotating tube},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651734},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-21/2/f65b2401c77ea56d66297f05624c2d87},
	old_keywords = {coarse, coefficient, computer, constant, database, diffusion, effective, equilibrium, granular, jin, materials, mathematical, mixture, mixtures, models, rate, rotating, separation, simulation, suns, tube},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {-390},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-3T02YJ9-21/2/f65b2401c77ea56d66297f05624c2d87},
	volume = {249},

	keywords = {
		diffusion,
		equilibrium,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		mathematics,
		mixing,
		mixing,
		model,
		rate,
		rotation,
		separation,
		suns,
		tube,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1459
@article{silbert0000granular_2,

	author = {Silbert, Leonardo E. and Ertas, Deniz and Grest, Gary S. and Halsey, Thomas C. and Levine, Dov and Plimpton, Steven J.},
	title = {Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651733},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/e051302},
	old_keywords = {channel, database, flow, granular, gravity, jin, simulation, suns},
	number = {5},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v64/e051302},
	volume = {64},

	keywords = {
		channel,
		flow,
		granular,
		gravity,
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1460
@article{silbert0000geometry_2,

	author = {Silbert, Leonardo E. and Ertas, Deniz and Grest, Gary S. and Halsey, Thomas C. and Levine, Dov},
	title = {Geometry of frictionless and frictional sphere packings},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651732},
	old_keywords = {database, digital, dynamics, friction, granular, jin, materials, method, molecular, simulation, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		molecule,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1461
@article{silbert0000analogies,

	author = {Silbert, Leonardo E. and Ertas, Deniz and Grest, Gary S. and Halsey, Thomas C. and Levine, Dov},
	title = {Analogies between granular jamming and the liquid-glass transition},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651731},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e051307},
	old_keywords = {database, glass, granular, jin, materials, statics, suns, transition},
	number = {5},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e051307},
	volume = {65},

	keywords = {
		glass,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		statics,
		suns,
		transition,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1462
@article{silbert0000statistics,

	author = {Silbert, Leonardo E. and Grest, Gary S. and Landry, James W.},
	title = {Statistics of the contact network in frictional and frictionless granular packings},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651730},
	old_keywords = {analysis, angle, contact, database, friction, granular, jin, statistical, structure, suns},
	number = {6},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {66},

	keywords = {
		contact,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		statistics,
		structure,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1463
@article{landry0000confined_2,

	author = {Landry, James W. and Grest, Gary S. and Silbert, Leonardo E. and Plimpton, Steven J.},
	title = {Confined granular packings: Structure, stress, and forces},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651729},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v67/e041303},
	old_keywords = {database, digital, dynamics, effects, granular, jin, materials, method, models, molecular, sandpile, sedimentation, simulation, stress, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v67/e041303},
	volume = {67},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		model,
		molecule,
		sand,pile,
		sediment,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1464
@article{landry0000granular,

	author = {Landry, James W. and Grest, Gary S.},
	title = {Granular packings with moving side walls},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651728},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v69/e031303},
	old_keywords = {database, dynamics, effects, flow, granular, jin, materials, method, molecular, processes, random, stress, structure, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v69/e031303},
	volume = {69},

	keywords = {
		dynamics,
		flow,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		molecule,
		random,
		stress,
		structure,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1465
@article{du0000nonhomogeneity,

	author = {Du, Bing and Fan, Liang-Shih and Warsito, W.},
	title = {Bed nonhomogeneity in turbulent gas-solid fluidization},
	journal = {AIChE Journal},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Bed dynamic behavior in a gas-solid fluidization system is measured in real time using ECT based on the NNMOIRT recently developed. The ECT results reveal the time-averaged and transient characteristics of the bubble/void phase and the emulsion phase, which is of value to the verification of the 3-D computation codes with real physical systems. In the turbulent regime, the time-averaged solids holdup distribution exhibits radial symmetry, which is not the case for the bubbling regime. The standard deviations of the fluctuations of the cross-sectional, averaged bubble/void phase fraction, and the cross-sectional, averaged solids holdups in the bubble/void phase and in the emulsion phase, all peak at the transition velocity from the bubbling to the turbulent regimes U\$\_c\$. The addition of 10\% fine particles decreases the solids holdup in the emulsion phase due to the breakup of large bubbles. The ECT study indicates that optical fiber probe measurement of the bubble/void phase fraction may yield significantly different results depending on the threshold level selected for the measured solids holdup distribution. The bubble/void phase fraction measured by the optical fiber probe does not vary with bed temperature up to 400^\raise1pt\$\scriptstyle\circ\$C; the emulsion phase voidage is observed to increase as the bed temperature increases.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651727},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0001-1541},
	old_keywords = {bubble, database, emulsions, fibers, fluidization, fluids, in, jin, optical, probes, suns, turbulence},
	number = {5},
	pages = {-1126},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Institute of Chemical Engineers},
	volume = {49},

	keywords = {
		bubble,
		emulsion,
		fiber,
		fluidization,
		fluid,
		jin,
		optics,
		probe,
		suns,
		turbulence,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1466
@article{benyahia0000extension,

	author = {Benyahia, Sofiane and Syamlal, Madhava and O'Brien, Thomas J.},
	title = {Extension of Hill-Koch-Ladd drag correlation over all ranges of Reynolds number and solids volume fraction},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Hill et al. \$[\$R. J. Hill, D.L. Koch, J.C. Ladd, J. Fluid Mech. (2001), 448, pp. 213-241 and 243-278\$]\$ proposed a set of drag correlations, based on data from Lattice-Boltzmann simulations. These correlations, while very accurate within the range of void fractions and Reynolds numbers used in the Lattice-Boltzmann simulations, do not cover the full range of void fractions and Reynolds numbers encountered in fluidized bed simulations. In this paper a drag correlation applicable to the full range of void fractions and Reynolds numbers is developed by blending the Hill-Koch-Ladd (HKL) drag correlation with known limiting forms of the gas-solids drag function such that the blended function is continuous with respect to Reynolds number and void fraction. This study also corrects a misinterpretation of the HKL drag correlation that was published in the literature, which makes the drag function discontinuous with respect to the Reynolds number. Two examples of gas/solids flows in a bubbling fluidized bed and a one-dimensional channel flow are used to illustrate differences between the proposed extension of HKL drag correlation and another form published in the literature. \copyright  2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651726},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0032-5910},
	old_keywords = {bed, correlation, database, drag, dynamics, flow, fluidized, gas, jin, methods, number, of, phase, reynolds, solids, suns, two},
	number = {2},
	pages = {-174},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:29},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1000 AE, Netherlands},
	volume = {162},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		drag,
		dynamics,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		gas,
		jin,
		phase,
		reynold,
		solid,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1467
@article{du0000studies,

	author = {Du, Bing and Warsito, W. and Fan, Liang-Shih},
	title = {ECT studies of gas-solid fluidized beds of different diameters},
	journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The bed dynamic behavior in three gas-solid fluidized beds, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 m in diameters, is studied using the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). The ECT employs the neural network multicriteria optimization image reconstruction technique. The time-averaged solids concentrations obtained by the ECT are generally in good agreement with those obtained by the optical fiber probe. The 0.1 m ID fluidized bed exhibits the spiral motion of rising bubbles in the bubbling regime. However, for the 0.3 m ID fluidized bed, more than one spiral motion of bubble swarms is observed in the bubbling regime. The small fluidized bed exhibits the round-nosed slug motion. The ECT studies reveal a radial symmetry of the time-averaged solids concentration distribution for the turbulent regime. Furthermore, the ECT provides the time-averaged and transient properties of the bubble/void phase and the emulsion phase. For a large fluidized bed, the standard deviations of the fluctuations of the cross-sectional averaged solids concentration, bubble/void phase fraction, and solids concentration in the emulsion phase all peak at the transition velocity from the bubbling to the turbulent regimes, U\$\_c\$. For a small fluidized bed, the quantities of these variables peak at the onset to the slugging regime, decrease in the slugging regime, and then level off in the turbulent regime as the gas velocity increases. \copyright  2005 American Chemical Society.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651725},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0888-5885},
	old_keywords = {bed, bubble, database, electric, emulsions, fibers, flow, fluidized, fluids, image, impedance, in, jin, networks, neural, optical, optimization, phase, reconstruction, suns, tomography, turbulent, two},
	number = {14},
	pages = {-5030},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society, Columbus, OH 43210-3337, United States},
	volume = {44},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		bubble,
		electric,
		emulsion,
		fiber,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		fluid,
		impedance,
		jin,
		network,
		neural,
		optics,
		optimization,
		phase,
		reconstruction,
		suns,
		tomography,
		turbulence,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1468
@article{hill0000moderatereynoldsnumber,

	author = {Hill, R. J. and Koch, D. L. and Ladd, A. J. C.},
	title = {Moderate-Reynolds-number flows in ordered and random arrays of spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Lattice-Boltzmann simulations are used to examine the effects of fluid inertia, at moderate Reynolds numbers, on flows in simple cubic, face-centred cubic and random arrays of spheres. The drag force on the spheres, and hence the permeability of the arrays, is calculated as a function of the Reynolds number at solid volume fractions up to the close-packed limits of the arrays. At Reynolds numbers up to 0(10\$^2\$), the non-dimensional drag force has a more complex dependence on the Reynolds number and the solid volume fraction than suggested by the well-known Ergun correlation, particularly at solid volume fractions smaller than those that can be achieved in physical experiments. However, good agreement is found between the simulations and Ergun's correlation at solid volume fractions approaching the close-packed limit. For ordered arrays, the drag force is further complicated by its dependence on the direction of the flow relative to the axes of the arrays, even though in the absence of fluid inertia the permeability is isotropic. Visualizations of the flows are used to help interpret the numerical results. For random arrays, the transition to unsteady flow and the effect of moderate Reynolds numbers on hydrodynamic dispersion are discussed.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651724},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0022-1120},
	old_keywords = {analysis, database, dispersions, drag, flow, fluid, hydrodynamics, jin, mechanics, number, numerical, reynolds, spheres, suns, visualization},
	number = {448},
	pages = {-278},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 10011-4211, United States},
	volume = {448},

	keywords = {
		dispersion,
		drag,
		flow,
		fluid,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		mechanics,
		numeric,
		reynold,
		sphere,
		suns,
		visualization,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1469
@article{hill0000first,

	author = {Hill, R. J. and Koch, D. L. and Ladd, A. J. C.},
	title = {The first effects of fluid inertia on flows in ordered and random arrays of spheres},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Theory and lattice-Boltzmann simulations are used to examine the effects of fluid inertia, at small Reynolds numbers, on flows in simple cubic, face-centred cubic and random arrays of spheres. The drag force on the spheres, and hence the permeability of the arrays, is determined at small but finite Reynolds numbers, at solid volume fractions up to the close-packed limits of the arrays. For small solid volume fraction, the simulations are compared to theory, showing that the first inertial contribution to the drag force, when scaled with the Stokes drag force on a single sphere in an unbounded fluid, is proportional to the square of the Reynolds number. The simulations show that this scaling persists at solid volume fractions up to the close-packed limits of the arrays, and that the first inertial contribution to the drag force relative to the Stokes-flow drag force decreases with increasing solid volume fraction. The temporal evolution of the spatially averaged velocity and the drag force is examined when the fluid is accelerated from rest by a constant average pressure gradient toward a steady Stokes flow. Theory for the short- and long-time behaviour is in good agreement with simulations, showing that the unsteady force is dominated by quasi-steady drag and added-mass forces. The short- and long-time added-mass coefficients are obtained from potential-flow and quasi-steady viscous-flow approximations, respectively.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651723},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0022-1120},
	old_keywords = {approximation, database, drag, effects, flow, fluids, jin, mechanical, number, of, permeability, pressure, reynolds, spheres, suns, theory, viscous},
	number = {448},
	pages = {-241},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 10011-4211, United States},
	volume = {448},

	keywords = {
		drag,
		flow,
		fluid,
		jin,
		mechanics,
		permeability,
		pressure,
		reynold,
		sphere,
		suns,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1470
@article{sierou0000accelerated,

	author = {Sierou, Asimina and Brady, John F.},
	title = {Accelerated Stokesian Dynamics simulations},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651722},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {-1},
	pages = {-146},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {448},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1471
@article{berthier0000finitesize,

	author = {Berthier, Ludovic},
	title = {Finite-Size Scaling Analysis of the Glass Transition},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651721},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v91/e055701},
	old_keywords = {database, glass, jin, suns, transition},
	number = {5},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v91/e055701},
	volume = {91},

	keywords = {
		glass,
		jin,
		suns,
		transition,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1472
@article{mueth0000force_2,

	author = {Mueth, Daniel M. and Jaeger, Heinrich M. and Nagel, Sidney R.},
	title = {Force distribution in a granular medium},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651720},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {3169},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {57},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1473
@article{lovoll0000force,

	author = {L{\o}voll, Grunde and M\r{a}l{\o}y, Knut J. and Flekk{\o}y, Eirik G.},
	title = {Force measurements on static granular materials},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651719},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v60/p5872},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {5},
	pages = {-5878},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v60/p5872},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1474
@article{brey0000hydrodynamic_1,

	author = {Brey, Javier J. and Ruiz-Montero, M. J. and Moreno, F.},
	title = {Hydrodynamic profiles for an impurity in an open vibrated granular gas},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651718},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031301},
	old_keywords = {database, diffusion, dynamics, flow, granular, hydrodynamics, jin, method, molecular, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031301},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		diffusion,
		dynamics,
		flow,
		granular,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		molecule,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1475
@article{depken0000continuum,

	author = {Depken, Martin and van Saarloos, Wim and van Hecke, Martin},
	title = {Continuum approach to wide shear zones in quasistatic granular matter},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651717},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031302},
	old_keywords = {couette, database, flow, friction, granular, jin, shear, simulation, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031302},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		couette,
		flow,
		friction,
		granular,
		jin,
		shear,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1476
@article{yang0000segregation,

	author = {Yang, Xian-qing and Zhou, Kun and Qiu, Kang and Zhao, Yue-min},
	title = {Segregation of large granules from close-packed cluster of small granules due to buoyancy},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651716},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031305},
	old_keywords = {database, equations, flow, formation, granular, jin, of, pattern, segregation, state, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v73/e031305},
	volume = {73},

	keywords = {
		flow,
		formation,
		granular,
		jin,
		pattern,
		segregation,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1477
@article{van0000latticeboltzmann,

	author = {Van der Hoef, M. A. and Beetstra, R. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of low-Reynolds-number flow past mono- and bidisperse arrays of spheres: Results for the permeability and drag force},
	journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We report on lattice-Boltzmann simulations of slow fluid flow past mono- and bidisperse random arrays of spheres. We have measured the drag force on the spheres for a range of diameter ratios, mass fractions and packing fractions; in total, we studied 58 different parameter sets. Our simulation data for the permeability agrees well with previous simulation results and the experimental findings. On the basis of our data for the individual drag force, we have formulated new drag force relations for both monodisperse and polydisperse systems, based on the Carman-Kozeny equations; the average deviation of our binary simulation data with the new relation is less than 5\%. We expect that these new relations will significantly improve the numerical modelling of gas-solid systems with polydisperse particles, in particular with respect to mixing and segregation phenomena. For binary systems with large diameter ratios (1:4), the individual drag force on a particle, as calculated from our relations, can differ by up to a factor of five compared with predictions presently favoured in chemical engineering. \copyright  2005 Cambridge University Press.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651715},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0022-1120},
	old_keywords = {chemical, computer, data, database, drag, engineering, jin, mathematical, models, number, reduction, reynolds, simulation, suns},
	pages = {-254},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 10011-4211, United States},
	volume = {528},

	keywords = {
		chemical,
		drag,
		jin,
		mathematics,
		model,
		reynold,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1478
@article{darmana0000detailed,

	author = {Darmana, D. and Deen, N. G. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Detailed modeling of hydrodynamics, mass transfer and chemical reactions in a bubble column using a discrete bubble model},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A 3D discrete bubble model is adopted to investigate complex behavior involving hydrodynamics, mass transfer and chemical reactions in a gas-liquid bubble column reactor. In this model a continuum description is adopted for the liquid phase and additionally each individual bubble is tracked in a Lagrangian framework, while accounting for bubble-bubble and bubble-wall interactions via an encounter model. The mass transfer rate is calculated for each individual bubble using a surface renewal model accounting for the instantaneous and local properties of the liquid phase in its vicinity. The distributions in space of chemical species residing in the liquid phase are computed from the coupled species balances considering the mass transfer from bubbles and reactions between the species. The model has been applied to simulate chemisorption of CO\$\_2\$ bubbles in NaOH solutions. Our results show that apart from hydrodynamics behavior, the model is able to predict the bubble size distribution as well as temporal and spatial variations of each chemical species involved. \copyright  2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651714},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {bubble, chemical, chemisorption, columns, computer, database, fluids, hydrodynamics, in, jin, mass, mathematical, models, reactors, simulation, solutions, suns, transfer},
	number = {12},
	pages = {-3404},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		bubble,
		chemical,
		chemisorption,
		fluid,
		hydrodynamics,
		jin,
		mass,
		mathematics,
		model,
		reactor,
		suns,
		transfer,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1479
@article{li0000origin,

	author = {Li, Jie and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {On the origin of heterogeneous structure in dense gas-solid flows},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The formation and evolution of flow structures in dense gas-fluidized beds with ideal collisional particles (elastic and frictionless) are investigated numerically by employing the discrete particle method, with special focus on the effect of gas-particle interaction. It is clarified that heterogeneous flow structures still exist in systems with elastic and frictionless particle collisions, even though the particles in the emulsion phase are more loosely packed. The flow structures in various flow regimes, including uniform, bubbling and turbulent fluidization, can be reproduced from these simulations. Systems with strong particle fluctuating motion but weak gas suspension display an emulsion-bubble structure. On the contrary, systems with weak particle fluctuation motion tend to produce uniform structures. If these two interactions are equally important, the system features complex flow patterns resembling those displayed in the turbulent fluidization. Energy analysis has revealed that the fluctuating motion of particles corresponds to the existence of heterogeneity in ideal collisional systems. The flow regime transition is actually the macro-scale expression of the altering degree of dominance of particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions. Particularly, it is also found that non-linear drag has the \tt"phase separation\tt" function by accelerating particles in the dense phase and decelerating particles in the dilute phase producing the fluctuating motion and thereby triggering non-homogeneous flow structure formation. \copyright  2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651713},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {analysis, bed, bubble, database, emulsions, flow, fluidized, fluids, formation, interfaces, jin, particle, patterns, phase, size, suns, suspensions},
	number = {5},
	pages = {-1265},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		bubble,
		emulsion,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		fluid,
		formation,
		interface,
		jin,
		particle,
		pattern,
		phase,
		suns,
		suspension,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1480
@article{patil0000critical_1,

	author = {Patil, D. J. and Van Sint Annaland, M. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Critical comparison of hydrodynamic models for gas-solid fluidized beds-Part II: Freely bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Correct prediction of spontaneous bubble formation in freely bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds using Eulerian models, strongly depends on the description of the internal momentum transfer in the particulate phase. In this part, the comparison of the simple classical model, describing the solid phase pressure only as a function of a solid porosity by an empirical correlation and assuming the solid phase viscosity constant, which is referred to as the constant viscosity model (CVM), with the more fundamental model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF), in which the solid phase properties are described in much more detail in terms of instantaneous binary particle-particle interactions, has been extended for freely bubbling fluidized beds. The performance of the KTGF and the CVM in predicting the hydrodynamics of freely bubbling fluidized beds has been compared with experimental data and correlations taken from the literature. In freely bubbling fluidized beds at relatively low gas velocities, bubble formation is initiated by inelastic particle-particle interactions. When accounting for the dissipation of granular energy by particle collisions, the KTGF predicts much larger bubbles with a much sharper interface in comparison to the CVM. The average bubble size distribution predicted by the KTGF showed better agreement with correlations as well as experimental data from the literature. Although both models showed an increase in the predicted average bubble size with increasing superficial gas velocities, the discrepancy in the predicted bubble size becomes smaller, indicating the growing importance of the gas particle interactions in the bubble formation process at higher gas velocities. The rise velocity predicted by the KTGF and the CVM is approximately the same and in good agreement with correlations available in the literature. Since the KTGF predicts somewhat larger bubbles, also the predicted visible bubble flow is higher in comparison to the CVM. In very dense regions in the fluidized bed the KTGF based on instantaneous binary collisions needs to be extended for additional frictional stresses in addition to the kinetic and collisional transport mechanisms. The extra frictional stresses were implemented via a relatively simple semi-empirical closure model and proved to have a significant influence on the predicted bubble size, rise velocity and visible bubble flow rate, where the model predictions strongly depend on the empirical constants. To further enhance the performance of the KTGF to describe the hydrodynamics of freely bubbling beds a more fundamental description of the frictional stresses on the particle level should be incorporated. \copyright  2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651712},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {absorption, acquisition, binary, bubble, chemical, colloid, data, database, energy, fluids, gases, in, jin, mixtures, phase, solids, suns, transitions},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-84},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		absorption,
		binary,
		bubble,
		chemical,
		colloid,
		energy,
		fluid,
		gas,
		jin,
		mixing,
		phase,
		solid,
		suns,
		transition,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1481
@article{patil0000critical_2,

	author = {Patil, D. J. and Van Sint Annaland, M. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Critical comparison of hydrodynamic models for gas-solid fluidized beds - Part I : Bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds operated with a jet},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {In the Eulerian approach to model gas-solid fluidized beds closures are required for the internal momentum transfer in the particulate phase. Firstly, two closure models, one semi-empirical model assuming a constant viscosity of the solid phase (CVM) and a second model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF), have been compared in this part in their performance to describe bubble formation at a single orifice and the time-averaged porosity profiles in the bed using experimental data obtained for a pseudo two-dimensional fluidized bed operated with a jet in the center. Numerical simulations have shown that bubble growth at a nozzle with a jet is mainly determined by the drag experienced by the gas percolating through the compaction region around the bubble interface, which is not much influenced by particle-particle interactions, so that the KTGF and CVM give very similar predictions. However, this KTGF model does not account for the long term and multi particle-particle contacts (frictional stresses) and under-predicts the solid phase viscosity at the wall as well as around the bubble and therefore over-predicts the bed expansion. Therefore, in the later part of the paper, the bubble growth at a single orifice and the time-averaged porosity distribution in the bed predicted by the KTGF model with and without frictional stresses are compared with experimental data. The model predictions by the KTGF are improved significantly by the incorporation of frictional stresses, which are however strongly influenced by the empirical parameters in this model. In Part II the comparison of the CVM and KTGF with experimental results is extended to freely bubbling fluidized beds. \copyright  2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651711},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {acquisition, bubble, data, database, energy, estimation, fluids, friction, in, jin, kinetic, parameter, phase, porosity, stresses, suns, transitions, viscosity},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-72},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		bubble,
		energy,
		fluid,
		friction,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		phase,
		porosity,
		stress,
		suns,
		transition,
		viscosity,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1482
@article{van0000computational,

	author = {Van Der Hoef, M. A. and Van Sint Annaland, M. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {Computational fluid dynamics for dense gas-solid fluidized beds: A multi-scale modeling strategy},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Dense gas-particle flows are encountered in a variety of industrially important processes for large scale production of fuels, fertilizers and base chemicals. The scale-up of these processes is often problematic, which can be related to the intrinsic complexities of these flows which are unfortunately not yet fully understood despite significant efforts made in both academic and industrial research laboratories. In dense gas-particle flows both (effective) fluid-particle and (dissipative) particle-particle interactions need to be accounted for because these phenomena, to a large extent, govern the prevailing flow phenomena, i.e. the formation and evolution of heterogeneous structures. These structures have significant impact on the quality of the gas-solid contact and as a direct consequence thereof strongly affect the performance of the process. Due to the inherent complexity of dense gas-particles flows, we have adopted a multi-scale modeling approach in which both fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions can be properly accounted for. The idea is essentially that fundamental models, taking into account the relevant details of fluid-particle (lattice Boltzmann model (LBM)) and particle-particle (discrete particle model (DPM)) interactions, are used to develop closure laws to feed continuum models which can be used to compute the flow structures on a much larger (industrial) scale. Our multi-scale approach (see Fig. 1) involves the LBM, the DPM, the continuum model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow, and the discrete bubble model. In this paper we give an overview of the multi-scale modeling strategy, accompanied by illustrative computational results for bubble formation. In addition, areas which need substantial further attention will be highlighted. \copyright  2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	booktitle = {ISCRE18},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651710},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {analysis, constants, control, database, fertilizers, fuels, gases, jin, laboratories, lattice, particle, quality, size, suns},
	number = {22-23},
	pages = {-5165},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	volume = {59},

	keywords = {
		control,
		fertilizer,
		fuel,
		gas,
		jin,
		lattice,
		particle,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1483
@proceedings{dijkhuizen0000numerical,

	title = {Numerical investigation of closures for interface forces acting on single air-bubbles in water using Volume of Fluid and Front Tracking models},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {Closures for the drag and virtual mass forces acting on a single air bubble rising in initially quiescent pure water have been numerically investigated using direct numerical simulation techniques. A 3D Front Tracking model was used and the results were compared with simulation results obtained with a 2D Volume of Fluid model to assess the influence of the third dimension. In the simulations realistic values were taken for the physical properties, i.e., a density ratio of 800. The computed time-averaged terminal rise velocity and mean aspect ratio for individual air bubbles ranging in equivalent diameter from 1 to 10 mm rising in pure water compare well with available experimental data. \copyright  2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	author = {Dijkhuizen, W. and Van Den Hengel, E. I. V. and Deen, N. G. and Van Sint Annaland, M. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Gas-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactor Engineering, Aug 22-24 2005},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651709},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2509},
	old_keywords = {aspect, bubble, computer, database, drag, fluids, in, jin, mathematical, models, physical, properties, ratio, simulation, suns},
	number = {22},
	pages = {-6175},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:28},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom},
	series = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	volume = {60},

	keywords = {
		bubble,
		drag,
		fluid,
		jin,
		mathematics,
		model,
		physical,
		ratio,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1484
@article{ye0000from,

	author = {Ye, M. and van der Hoef, M. A. and Kuipers, J. A. M.},
	title = {From discrete particle model to a continuous model of Geldart a particles},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Research and Design},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A reliable description of dense gas - solid two-phase flows of Geldart A particles in gas-fluidized beds at life-size scale is of great practical importance in process industries. The classical two-fluid model, based on the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF), provides a very promising theoretical framework for predicting large-scale gas-solid two-phase flows. However, thus far the two fluid model has not been successful in describing gas-solid flows of Geldart A particles. As the kinetic theory was originally developed for cohesiveless particles, it is essential to check if the theory can still work for Geldart A particles, which are slightly cohesive. In this research, a soft-sphere discrete particle model (DPM) is used to study the detailed particle-particle interactions in periodic boundary domains, where interparticle van der Waals forces are taken into account, with no gas phase present. In our simulations, we (1) compare the results for both the hard-sphere and the soft-sphere discrete particle model for cohesiveless particles, with the theoretical predictions obtained from the kinetic theory of granular flows, and (2) study the effect of the cohesive forces in the soft-sphere model and explore a way to modify the current kinetic theory according to the soft-sphere DPM simulation results. The information obtained from these simulations can be further incorporated into the KTGF based two-fluid model. \copyright  2005 Institution of Chemical Engineers.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651708},
	comment = {Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	issn = {0263-8762},
	old_keywords = {bed, boundary, computer, database, der, flow, fluidized, forces, gases, jin, kinetic, layers, matter, particles, particulate, phase, simulation, suns, theory, two, van, waals},
	number = {7 A},
	pages = {-843},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {Institute of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, Warks., CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom},
	volume = {83},

	keywords = {
		bed,
		boundary,
		flow,
		fluidization,
		force,
		gas,
		jin,
		kinetics,
		layer,
		matter,
		particle,
		particle,
		phase,
		suns,
		vanderwaals,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1485
@misc{tryggvason0000computations,


	author = {Tryggvason, Gretar and Bunner, Bernard and Esmaeeli, Asghar and Al-Rawahi, Nabeel},
	booktitle = {Advances in Applied Mechanics},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651707},
	editor = {Aref, Hassan and Van der Giessen, Erik},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Academic Press--120},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	title = {Computations of Multiphase Flows},
	volume = {39},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
	},

}

ref_id = 1486
@article{edwards0000statistical_1,

	author = {Edwards, S. F. and Grinev, D. V.},
	title = {Statistical Mechanics of Stress Transmission in Disordered Granular Arrays},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651706},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {26},
	pages = {-5400},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {82},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1487
@article{edwards0000transmission,

	author = {Edwards, S. F. and Grinev, D. V.},
	title = {Transmission of stress in granular materials as a problem of statistical mechanics},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {We consider the problem of stress transmission in granular materials. We formulate the simplest statically determinate problem of stress transmission through a static granular material. This is the case when grains are rigid and have an average coordination number of . Under this condition the system of Newton's equations of interparticle force and torque balance is complete. This means that there exists a complete set of equations for the macroscopic stress tensor \$[\$sigma\$]\$ij(r) i.e., the d (where d is the dimension of the problem) equations of force balance \$[\$backward difference\$]\$j\$[\$sigma\$]\$ij(r)=gi(r) have to be supported by d(d-1)/2 equations. These equations have their origin in Newton's laws of interparticle force and torque balance and incorporate tensorial geometrical characteristics of the packing. We conjecture that in order to have a coherent and self-consistent continuum theory of stress transmission in static granular media it is necessary to link the averaging procedure to the concept of compactivity. We emphasize that although real granular materials have many features ignored within the proposed framework it is essential for making progress to derive equations of stress transmission for the simplest model, as opposed to guessing and postulating.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651705},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-44760NH-G/2/ec4186e28a38d35f65ec5303d819c691},
	old_keywords = {compactivity, database, function, granular, jin, materials, packings, random, stress, suns, transmission, volume},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {-186},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-44760NH-G/2/ec4186e28a38d35f65ec5303d819c691},
	volume = {302},

	keywords = {
		compaction,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		packing,
		random,
		stress,
		suns,
		transmission,
		volume,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1488
@article{edwards0000tensorial,

	author = {Edwards, S. F. and Grinev, D. V.},
	title = {The tensorial formulation of volume function for packings of particles},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A statistical-geometrical theory of packings of particles is given. Probability distribution of density is written in terms of the probability distribution of contact points. Formulation of volume function is presented in terms of configuration tensors. Model volume function is discussed for a simple packing. Links between the invariants of configuration tensors, pair correlation functions and orientational order parameter are highlighted.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651704},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-441VXTD-3/2/d0324db46a4957ee176eab207f3e4d9f},
	old_keywords = {compactivity, database, function, jin, packings, random, suns, volume},
	number = {19},
	pages = {-5455},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFK-441VXTD-3/2/d0324db46a4957ee176eab207f3e4d9f},
	volume = {56},

	keywords = {
		compaction,
		jin,
		packing,
		random,
		suns,
		volume,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1489
@article{edwards0000granular,

	author = {Edwards, S. F. and Grinev, D. V.},
	title = {Granular media as a physics problem},
	journal = {Advances in Complex Systems},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651703},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {17},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {4},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1490
@article{blumenfeld0000granular,

	author = {Blumenfeld, Raphael and Edwards, Sam F.},
	title = {Granular Entropy: Explicit Calculations for Planar Assemblies},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651702},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e114303},
	old_keywords = {database, entropy, geometry, granular, jin, materials, suns, tensors},
	number = {11},
	pages = {APS+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e114303},
	volume = {90},

	keywords = {
		entropy,
		geometry,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		suns,
		tensor,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1491
@article{truskett0000density,

	author = {Truskett, Thomas M. and Torquato, Salvatore and Debenedetti, Pablo G.},
	title = {Density fluctuations in many-body systems},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651701},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {6},
	pages = {-7380},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	volume = {58},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1492
@article{truskett0000towards,

	author = {Truskett, Thomas M. and Torquato, Salvatore and Debenedetti, Pablo G.},
	title = {Towards a quantification of disorder in materials: Distinguishing equilibrium and glassy sphere packings},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651700},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v62/p993},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {-1001},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v62/p993},
	volume = {62},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1493
@article{blumenfeld0000stresses_2,

	author = {Blumenfeld, Raphael},
	title = {Stresses in Isostatic Granular Systems and Emergence of Force Chains},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651699},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/e108301},
	comment = {For isostatic systems it has been found that on large scales all
the stress components follow an identical hyperbolic
equation, but with different source terms. (ii) The general
solutions for the stress field were found and analyzed, and
the Green function for an infinite medium was presented.
(iii) It was shown that the solutions give rise to force
chains, whose individual trajectories can be predicted
explicitly. (iv) Experiments were suggested which can
directly test the validity of the new results. (v) It is
proposed that general granular packings are in fact two-phase
mixtures of isostatic and elastic regions, and a
framework to describe such materials has been suggested.
},
	old_keywords = {database, differential, effects, equations, function, granular, greens, jin, materials, methods, partial, relations, stress, stress-strain, suns, tensors},
	number = {10},
	pages = {-4},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:27},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/e108301},
	volume = {93},

	keywords = {
		granular,
		green,
		jin,
		material,
		stress,
		stress,strain,
		suns,
		tensor,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_NONUNIQUE_LABEL,
	},

}

ref_id = 1494
@article{ball0000stress,

	author = {Ball, Robin C. and Blumenfeld, Raphael},
	title = {Stress Field in Granular Systems: Loop Forces and Potential Formulation},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651698},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {URL: http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v88/e115505},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {URL: http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v88/e115505},
	volume = {88},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1495
@article{blumenfeld0000stress,

	author = {Blumenfeld, Raphael},
	title = {Stress in planar cellular solids and isostatic granular assemblies: coarse-graining the constitutive equation},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {A recent theory for stress transmission in isostatic granular and cellular systems predicts a constitutive equation that couples the stress field to the local microstructure (Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 115505). The theory could not be applied to macroscopic systems because the constitutive equation becomes trivial upon straightforward coarse-graining. This problem is resolved here for arbitrary planar structures. The solution is based on the observation that the staggered order makes it possible to couple the stress to a reduced geometric tensor that can be coarse-grained. The method proposed here makes it possible to apply this idea to realistic systems whose staggered order is generally \&lsquo;frustrated\&rsquo;. This is achieved by a renormalization procedure which removes the frustration and enables the use of the upscalable reduced tensor. As an example we calculate the stress due to a defect in a periodic solid foam.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651697},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4BJW9MR-4/2/2a5b99cb8f8c33b463e75a6ffc47bc42},
	old_keywords = {cell, constitutive, database, equations, field, foams, granular, isostatic, jin, materials, micromechanics, solid, solids, stress, suns},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {-368},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVG-4BJW9MR-4/2/2a5b99cb8f8c33b463e75a6ffc47bc42},
	volume = {336},

	keywords = {
		cell,
		foam,
		granular,
		isostaticity,
		jin,
		material,
		micromechanics,
		solid,
		solid,
		stress,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1496
@article{peters0000characterization,

	author = {Peters, J. F. and Muthuswamy, M. and Wibowo, J. and Tordesillas, A.},
	title = {Characterization of force chains in granular material},
	journal = {Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics)},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651696},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e041307},
	old_keywords = {compressibility, database, deformation, distribution, exponential, force, granular, jin, materials, suns},
	number = {4},
	pages = {-8},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	publisher = {APS},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v72/e041307},
	volume = {72},

	keywords = {
		compression,
		deformation,
		distribution,
		force,
		granular,
		jin,
		material,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1497
@article{west0000thoughts,

	author = {West, Bruce J.},
	title = {Thoughts on modeling complexity},
	journal = {Complexity},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {The simplest and probably the most familiar model of statistical processes in the physical sciences is the random walk. This simple model has been applied to all manner of phenomena, ranging from DNA sequences to the firing of neurons. Herein we extend the random walk model beyond that of mimicking simple statistics to include long-time memory in the dynamics of complex phenomena. We show that complexity can give rise to fractional-difference stochastic processes whose continuum limit is a fractional Langevin equation, that is, a fractional differential equation driven by random fluctuations. Furthermore, the index of the inverse power-law spectrum in many complex processes can be related to the fractional derivative index in the fractional Langevin equation. This fractional stochastic model suggests that a scaling process guides the dynamics of many complex phenomena. The alternative to the fractional Langevin equation is a fractional diffusion equation describing the evolution of the probability density for certain kinds of anomalous diffusion. {\copyright} 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651695},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplx.20114},
	doi = {10.1002/cplx.20114},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {3},
	pages = {43},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplx.20114},
	volume = {11},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
		_INCOMPLETE_W_DOI,
	},

}

ref_id = 1498
@book{baryam0000dynamics,

	author = {Bar-Yam, Yaneer},
	title = {Dynamics of Complex Systems},
	publisher = {EMPTY},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651694},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	pages = {Westview Press+},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1499
@article{sundaresan0000instabilities,

	author = {Sundaresan, Sankaran},
	title = {INSTABILITIES IN FLUIDIZED BEDS},
	journal = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
	year = {EMPTY},

	abstract = {This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of the origin and hierarchy of organized flow structures in fluidized beds, distinction between bubbling and nonbubbling systems, and stages of bubble evolution. Experimental data and theory suggest that, at high particle concentrations, the particle-phase pressure arising from flow-induced velocity fluctuations decreases with increasing concentration of particles. This, in turn, implies that nonhydrodynamic stresses must be present to impart stability to a uniformly fluidized bed at very high particle concentrations. There is ample evidence to support an argument that, in commonly encountered gas-fluidized beds, yield stresses associated with enduring particle networks are present in the window of stable bed expansion, where the particles are essentially immobile until bubbling commences. However, some recent data on gas-fluidized beds of agglomerates of cohesive particles suggest that there exists a window of bed expansion where the bed does manifest a smooth appearance to the naked eye and the particles are mobile; at higher gas velocities the bed bubbles visibly. The mechanics of such beds remain to be fully explained.},
	citeulike-article-id = {8651693},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161151},
	old_keywords = {database, jin, suns},
	number = {1},
	pages = {88},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161151},
	volume = {35},

	keywords = {
		jin,
		suns,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

ref_id = 1500
@article{zhou0000look,

	author = {Zhou, Min},
	title = {A new look at the atomic level virial stress: on continuum-molecular system equivalence},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	year = {EMPTY},

	citeulike-article-id = {8651692},
	citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/(cml4ya55vy5utf55u2w5l555)/app/home/linking.asp?referrer=linking\&\#38;target=contribution\&\#38;id=62K2EU8LUUA5YJC6\&\#38;backto=contribution,1,1;issue,11,11;journal,34,115;linkingpublicationresults,1:102023,1v},
	old_keywords = {atomic, cauchy, continuum, database, dynamics, equivalent, jin, molecular, pressure, stress, suns, tensor, virial},
	number = {2037},
	pages = {2392},
	posted-at = {2011-01-19 15:25:26},
	priority = {2},
	url = {http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/(cml4ya55vy5utf55u2w5l555)/app/home/linking.asp?referrer=linking\&\#38;target=contribution\&\#38;id=62K2EU8LUUA5YJC6\&\#38;backto=contribution,1,1;issue,11,11;journal,34,115;linkingpublicationresults,1:102023,1v},
	volume = {459},

	keywords = {
		atomic,
		cauchy,
		continuum,
		dynamics,
		jin,
		molecule,
		pressure,
		stress,
		suns,
		tensor,
		virial,
		_INCOMPLETE,
	},

}

